CN101342586A - Equipment and process for casting multi-branch steel ingot with vacuum spill method and liquid steel - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device and a process adopting the liquid steel vacuum overflow method to cast a plurality of ingots, which belongs to the technical field of the vacuum casting ingot, and aims at overcoming the weaknesses that the liquid steel is secondarily oxidized when the liquid steel is poured into the pouring box in vacuum pouring way, and the pouring time is long, the device is large, etc. The desaeration slide gate nozzle steel ladle is adopted for direct pouring, and after the liquid steel is poured to a specified height at a primary mould cap port: proposal A and proposal B, the liquid steel flows into the next or the next two moulds through one or two single-way overflow grooves so as to pour all steel ingots. Proposal C, the liquid steel pours all steel ingots through the primary or a plurality of balancing overflow grooves with the same height of the bottom marker. Proposal D, the liquid steel pours all steel ingots through a plurality of single-way overflow grooves on the primary cap and a plurality of balancing overflow grooves with the same height of the bottom marker among the rest caps. Adopting each proposal, the height of the cap port of the ingot is basically the same. The process of the present invention has short general pouring time, and is safe and smooth, and has good quality of the steel ingot, and has simple device and less invenatment, and can save the energy. The process of the present invention is applicable to vacuum pouring a plurality of quality steel ingots that are used for rolling and forging in the special steel and heavy machine industries.

Description

The equipment and the technology of molten steel vacuum press over system casting multi-branch steel ingot

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of molten steel vacuum-casting equipment and technology.

Background technology

Existing molten steel die casting great majority are to cast in atmosphere, and effects such as oxygen, nitrogen and water vapour produce secondary oxidation in steel flow thigh and the atmosphere, generate a large amount of non-metallic inclusions, and have absorbed hydrogen and nitrogen, and molten steel is contaminated serious, influence the quality of steel.

For preventing to contact with atmosphere in the molten steel casting process, except adopting argon shield casting measure, main method is teeming in the vacuum chamber.Method mainly contains at present:

1. the vacuum casting method claims the TD-VC method again

Pass through LF stove refining and VD vacuum outgas or only at first inject molten steel in the stopper rod formula tundish on being sitting in the vacuum-casting chamber cap through the steel ladle of LF stove refining, when molten steel reaches specified altitude in the tundish, opening stopper rod injects in the ingot mould of having put well in the vacuum chamber steel flow thigh, the steel flow thigh is subjected to vacuum action, emit a large amount of gases and make in the stream strand dropping process and send the liquid steel drip that becomes to have certain angle of flare forth, degasifying effect is fairly obvious.But this method shortcoming has:

(1) steel ladle still is subjected to the atmosphere secondary oxidation when tundish injects molten steel, generates a large amount of non-metallic inclusions and absorbs a large amount of gases, though hydrogen can be removed in the vacuum casting process, non-metallic inclusion can not be removed, and influences the quality of steel.

(2) cylinder-packing and stopper rod sleeve brick, stopper brick, nozzle brick etc. wash away also and can bring field trash to molten steel in the middle of.

(3) can only one bag or large steel ingot of many bag casting, limited this method and can only produce the less high-quality large steel ingot of number for the important forging use of forging, and often the more less vacuum casting steel ingot of tonnage of demand is difficult for arranging production at the big station-service of heavy-duty machine industry.

2. the ladle-to-ladle degassing and vacuum-casting duplex practice:

Stopper rod formula steel ladle is carried out the ladle-to-ladle degassing to the stopper rod tundish injection molten steel that has vacuumized after the LF refining under air-proof condition, carry out vacuum casting in the indoor large steel ingot mould of the vacuum-casting that reinjects during the molten steel certain altitude, molten steel outgases through twice drip, do not have secondary oxidation, degasifying effect is best.The shortcoming temperature drop is bigger, and equipment is complicated, the big and large steel ingot of can only casting of investment.In addition, now stopper rod formula steel ladle is superseded substantially, because external refining is very difficult during the band stopper rod.When not being with the stopper rod refining, earlier the back refining is filled up with particular fillers in the mouth of a river, insert stopper rod with special installation again after the refining, complicated operation, delay time at stop.

3. the vacuum cart method of casting (this specification and claims abbreviate two vacuum cart castings as):

Stopper rod formula steel ladle is injected molten steel after the LF refining in the stopper rod formula tundish of vacuum chamber internal upper part under air-proof condition, carrying out the ladle-to-ladle degassing (claiming the TD-SLD method again) is is repeatedly opened and closed by the tundish stopper rod again, cooperate the ingot mould that arrangement is good on the ladle barrow to move forward, the molten steel batch (-type) that makes tundish is by each steel ingot of casting that props up.This method advantage is the secondary oxidation that does not have air fully, twice vacuum drip degasifying effect the best, and can the high-quality steel ingot of casting multi-branch.

Shortcoming is that the total casting time of every stove molten steel is long.The casting time of every steel ingot comprises the duration of pouring and the intermittent time of ingot body and cap mouth, the intermittent time comprise the workman see look into the molten steel height and close the stopper rod time, ladle barrow moves next casting position required time, opens the stopper rod time.

The total casting time of every stove molten steel=(ingot body+cap mouth) casting time * number+intermittent time * (number-1)

Another shortcoming is that stopper rod opens and closes repeatedly (stopping to water about 30 seconds) at every turn under vacuum condition, and stopper rod is not opened or the accident probability of Guan Bushang increases.

Another shortcoming is the equipment heaviness, and it is too big to occupy vacuum-casting chamber volume, and required steam jet pump exhaust capacity will strengthen.

Summary of the invention

1. goal of the invention

The present invention seeks to overcome the shortcoming of existing vacuum-casting technology and scheme existence, mainly contain:

(1) removes the secondary oxidation of molten steel in atmosphere.(2) reduce the pollution of refractory material as far as possible to molten steel.

(3) shorten total casting time, can vacuum casting go out that number is more, the less confession of tonnage is rolling or forge required high-quality steel ingot.

(4) simplification device simplifies the operation, and cuts down the consumption of energy.

(5) reduce accident in the casting cycle.

The quality of steel ingot when (6) improving in the downhill casting many ingots of cast.

2. technical scheme

2.1 molten steel supply section

Title: molten steel directly carries out vacuum casting slide gate nozzle steel ladle after a stove (bag) refining

Finish the task of the object of the invention (1), (2) and (4).

2.2 four kinds of schemes of the vacuum casting system of casting multi-branch steel ingot

Title: the equipment and the technology of molten steel vacuum press over system casting multi-branch steel ingot

Finish the task of the object of the invention (3), (4), (5) and (6).

2.3 scheme

The molten steel supply section cooperates respectively with four kinds of press over system schemes of vacuum casting system, produces four kinds of concrete technical schemes, and their common technique features are:

A. all adopt the slide gate nozzle steel ladle that under vacuum condition, to use, be sitting in and directly carry out vacuum casting on the vacuum room cover.This scheme places the scheme of casting in the vacuum chamber simple steel ladle more than other, particularly reliable in action.

B. four kinds of schemes all adopt continous way overflow downhill casting.The steel ingot height that assurance is watered out is basic identical.

Two specific technical characterictics of a and b can guarantee to finish goal of the invention.

2.3.1 scheme one

Title: the unidirectional press over system of molten steel vacuum sub-thread the cast equipment of many ingots and technology (this specification is called for short " the unidirectional press over system of sub-thread ")

2.3.2 scheme two

Title: the bifilar unidirectional press over system of molten steel vacuum the cast equipment of many ingots and technology (this specification is called for short " bifilar unidirectional press over system ")

2.3.3 scheme three

Title: molten steel vacuum multiply balance press over system the cast equipment of many ingots and technology (this specification is called for short " multiply balance press over system ")

2.3.4 scheme four

Title: molten steel vacuum multiply is unidirectional to add balance press over system the cast equipment and the technology (this specification is called for short " the unidirectional balance press over system that adds of multiply ") of many ingots

2.4 equipment constitutes

The equipment of four kinds of technical schemes constitutes respectively difference, Fig. 1 (a) and (b), Fig. 2 (a) and (b), Fig. 3 (a) and (b), Fig. 4 (a) and (b) to reach (c) be respectively that equipment schematic diagram and indoor each ingot mould of vacuum-casting, first the ingot mould of scheme one, scheme two, scheme three and scheme four is the floor plan of slide gate nozzle center, unidirectional overflow launder and balance overflow tank.Each accompanying drawing ratio is 1: 40

Each Reference numeral thes contents are as follows: annotate in the square brackets () to being called for short in this specification.

1-fills refining and back molten steel slide gate nozzle steel ladle (ladle) is handled in vacuum outgas.

The slide gate mechanism (mouth of a river) that 2-can use under vacuum condition.There is cooled plate protection in this mechanism, is installed in jointly in the seal cavity of having increased between ladle bottom and vacuum room cover.Its hydraulic cylinder and water-cooled protective plate are connected by hydraulic power source in the snap joint on hydraulic pressure that stretches out this space and the cooling water turnover pipeline and the atmosphere and cooling water system or disconnect.

This space can be opened before casting and be cut down door (13) and vacuum chamber UNICOM, is pumped into vacuum.Be to adopt two slide gate nozzles among Fig. 1 (b).

3-vacuum room cover (vacuum cover).Be hung with splash guard around in the mozzle bottom.

Aim at the mozzle (mozzle) (during two slide gate nozzles, two mozzles) at first casting (first casting cycle) ingot mould center on the 4-vacuum room cover.The thin aluminum sheet that sealing ring is sealed is equipped with on top, gives vacuumizing usefulness for seat bag ingot casting chamber, initial vacuum.Scheme one, two mozzle centers are not on the vacuum room cover center line, and three liang of centers of scheme overlap, and four liang of centers of scheme overlap, and also can not overlap.

5-vacuum-casting chamber (vacuum chamber).Hold many ingot moulds, for prevent locular wall everywhere uneven the and hot ingot mould of temperature in locular wall, build the refractory material apart from too near (about 300mm-500mm) the present invention of locular wall, locular wall adopts double-deck water-cooling structure, the while can be reclaimed hot water buy car in installments a water and heating.

First teeming mould of 6-hot top (first cap).On cap mouth specified altitude, be provided with one (scheme one) or many (scheme two, scheme four) unidirectional overflow launders (or pipe) by certain position and size.Scheme three is provided with many balance overflow launders (or pipe).Each overflow launder root is added with and prevents to fly shallow steel and drip the anti-condenser that condenses on the bottom land.

Molten steel splashes in the mould when preventing direct casting, and the hot top overflow launder is up increased into the splashproof circle.Prevent jointly that with the splash guard of hanging around the pod apertures on the vacuum room cover molten steel from spilling outside the mould.

The hot top (cap) of 7-head, outer each ingot mould of an end ingot mould.All establish a unidirectional overflow launder (or pipe) in the scheme one, two on each cap.All establish a balance overflow tank (or pipe) between three first caps of scheme and each cap.All establish one or two balance overflow launders (or pipe) between each cap of scheme 4 second and the 3rd casting cycle.Casting cycle head, end outer each cap can be buckled insulation cover or cover.

8-ingot mould (ingot mould).During as ingot body and ingot tail one, the mould tail band has the bossing of processing.When ingot body and ingot tail separate, the bossing of processing is arranged under its baffle plate.

First ingot mould of 9-scheme one and scheme two parallels (parallels) (or baffle plate) of bed hedgehopping certain value.The parallels of remaining ingot mould (or baffle plate) height value successively decreases in accordance with regulations, and an end ingot mould does not add parallels, or baffle plate is not increased.Each ingot mould does not all add parallels or baffle plate is not increased in the scheme three.Have only first ingot mould to add the parallels of certain altitude (or baffle plate is increased certain value) in the scheme four.The parallels upper surface has the groove of processing, and lower surface has the bossing of processing, (or the bossing of processing is arranged at the baffle plate bottom).

Total wharve of the whole ingot moulds of 10-and parallels or baffle plate.Its upper surface assigned address is processed with groove, make ingot mould, parallels or baffle plate on total wharve assigned position centering, occupy stably.

11-vacuum suction pipeline.

First list that waters ingot mould hot top (6) upper cantilever props up or many unidirectional overflow launders and unidirectional overflow launder (unidirectional groove) first, end outer each cap (7) upper cantilever in the 12-scheme one, two, four.Can add insulation cover on the unidirectional groove in the casting cycle.Also many unidirectional overflow pipes that internal diameter is bigger with 90 ° of elbows.Bottom land props up hot top downwards several millimeters the gradient.

The 13-valve can make to be communicated with between space between slide gate nozzle ladle bottom and vacuum room cover and vacuum-casting chamber or to disconnect.

The artificial sight of 14-looked into window, can establish severally by situation more, requires the convenient molten steel whereabouts situation in the molten steel rises situation and unidirectional groove and compensating groove of observing in the mould.

The identical balance overflow tank (compensating groove) of end absolute altitude of taking block between each hot top (7) of first the hot top (6) and second casting cycle on every side in the 15-scheme three.The identical balance overflow tank of end absolute altitude of taking block between first hot top (6) outer second and each ingot mould cap (7) of the 3rd casting cycle in the scheme four.Also can be with the balance overflow pipe (balance pipe) of a headband elbow

2.5 technological process

The technological process of four kinds of schemes is respectively had any different, and the Arabic numerals in the following comment bracket () are Reference numeral number in each accompanying drawing of specification.

(A) sit ingot mould (8)

Elder generation sits on parallels or the baffle plate (9) that does not highly wait on the assigned position of total wharve (10) in the vacuum chamber (5) from first order that props up to the end before sitting mould in the scheme one and two.Scheme four is that first ingot mould parallels or the baffle plate (9) of increasing certain value are sitting on total wharve (10) assigned position.Scheme three is without parallels, and baffle plate also need not be increased.

Scheme one, two and four sits on ingot mould (8) on the corresponding parallels or baffle plate (9) according to first order to the end again.The end of attention scheme two props up that ingot mould is the same with first ingot mould to be taken earlier, and scheme three is sat first ingot mould earlier, makees other ingot moulds again to assigned position.

(B) sit hot top (7) and take and build compensating groove (or pipe) (15)

Scheme one and two be sit earlier finish building and dry not with a Zhi Mozhi cap of unidirectional groove, take each cap (7) and (6) with unidirectional groove (or pipe) that finish building and dry according to the end to first order again, each ingot mould and cap and unidirectional groove inside are cleared up in seated back air draught.Each unidirectional bottom land is the gradient slightly, props up ingot downwards.Scheme three is to sit first cap (6) earlier, sits all the other each caps (7) again, and makes half iron-clad groove of each cap of half iron-clad groove and all the other that a plurality of compensating grooves are used on first the cap iron-clad correctly corresponding in accordance with regulations, and the gap does not exceed standard.Middle shop one little sheet iron covers the gap, builds heat-insulation layer again.Put that integral body is given system groove brick (or the bigger pipe brick of diameter) or to make end absolute altitude identical with making material wet method (or dry method) firm by ramming, the centre slightly exceeds compensating groove (15) working lining of several millimeters aspect both sides again.Closely seamless between heat-insulation layer, working lining and each hot top inner thermal insulating layer of requirement compensating groove (15), the refractory material of working lining in order to avoid bleed-out water.And require in compensating groove and the cap chemistry and the mechanical erosion of molten steel under the anti-vacuum of working lining, reduce the pollution of refractory material to molten steel.It should be noted that the compensating groove refractory material is disposable use.

Scheme four is to sit first outer each hot top, and make half iron-clad groove that compensating groove is used on each cap iron-clad of second casting cycle and the 3rd casting cycle correctly corresponding, take according to scheme three identical technologies again and build many compensating grooves (15), take first again and have the hot top (6) that finishes building good many unidirectional grooves (12) of oven dry.

Seated take finish building finish after, air draught is cleared up in each ingot mould and in the cap, unidirectional groove (12) and compensating groove (15).Especially notice that the interior refractory material rubbish of each mould is necessarily cleared up away in the scheme three, four.

(C) buckle closure gives and vacuumizes and sit steel ladle:

After installing the flake aluminum of mozzle (4), vacuum cover (3) falls with lid car translation centering vacuum chamber (5), and the startup steam jet pump gives by vacuum suction pipeline (11) and is evacuated down to 67Pa.

VD slide gate nozzle ladle (1) is as with the solid filling material filling mouth of a river time, need to emit at slag ladle place boiling water mouth (2) earlier to close filling pipe end (2) after small amount of molten steel washes away casting resin, bull ladle sits on vacuum cover (3) assigned position immediately, the cooling water that connects the snap joint of hydraulic line of the mouth of a river (2) mechanism and the water-cooled part snap joint of coming in and going out, open valve (13), the air between ladle (1) bottom and the vacuum cover (3) is taken away.

(D) casting

Open the last thin aluminum sheet of the mouth of a river (2) steel flow thigh impulsive motion mozzle (3) and enter vacuum, the steel flow thigh is transferred out gas at vacuum condition, the swollen drop that rises into, with certain angle of flare spray process mozzle (4), still fall in the mould through first hot top (6) that has the splashproof function after restricted with certain angle of flare, require molten steel drip thigh directly not wash away hot top (6) refractory material working lining, after the molten steel face is raised to the cap open height of unidirectional groove bottom land in first the cap (6):

Scheme one is that molten steel is in cap (6) is gone up single Zhi Danxiang groove (12) inflow second formwork, the molten steel face is raised to unidirectional groove bottom land height after single Zhi Danxiang groove (12) flows in the 3rd formwork ... molten steel flows in the ingot mould of end by that analogy, do not establish overflow launder on the ingot mould hot top of end, when molten steel rises arrives hot top " a certain height ", close the mouth of a river (2), through very short time, before the hot top of end in each cap and the molten steel that exceeds unidirectional bottom land height in many unidirectional grooves all can flow in the hot top of end, molten steel is reached or a little is above cap mouth specified altitude.But can not be lower than specified altitude, this just is the setting of " a certain height " and the judgement that the operator closes the mouth of a river time.The last end outer cap open height of an ingot is all identical, and an end hot top is suitably increased.

Scheme two is that molten steel is in last two the unidirectional grooves of first cap (6) (12) flow into two formworks of second casting cycle respectively, when reaching unidirectional groove bottom land height, flow into again in two formworks of the 3rd casting cycle, by that analogy, watering the end props up before the ingot in two formworks behind the unidirectional groove bottom land of the cap mouth height, flow in the ingot of end by (12) one of two unidirectional grooves, when the end is propped up ingot steel water and is reached " a certain height ", close the mouth of a river, all molten steel that exceed in first cap (6) and all the other two row hot tops (7) and many unidirectional grooves (12) this moment on the bottom land height all flow in the ingot mould hot top (7) of end, make the interior molten steel of cap meet or exceed cap mouth specified altitude.But can not be lower than cap mouth specified altitude, an end ingot hot top is suitably increased for this reason.

As two in groove (12) molten steel flows reasons such as (may be cause) unidirectional groove (12) end absolute altitude difference of two ingot moulds of same casting cycle or width difference and slide gate nozzle (2) center and first ingot mould misalignment are bigger not simultaneously of itemizing on first the cap.Possibility one row flow is bigger, flow in advance in the ingot mould of end, another row flow is less to be entered in the ingot mould of end later on, when as long as an end ingot steel water reaches cap mouth specified altitude, that spindle top mouth before the less Lie Mozhi ingot of flow has reached unidirectional groove bottom land height, just can close the mouth of a river (2), this moments two, each spindle top open height of row was all identical.An end spindle top open height can exceed, and an end ingot hot top is suitably increased for this reason.

As long as two row flows differ when being no more than a steel ingot height in the actual production (molten steel has reached cap mouth specified altitude in the ingot mould of end, when molten steel does not reach unidirectional groove bottom land height as yet in another Lie Mozhi ingot front mould), casting can normally be carried out.

Scheme three are molten steel through first cap (6) go up and all the other each caps (7) on take block identical many compensating grooves (15) of end absolute altitude flow into simultaneously in many ingot moulds, open the big mouth of a river this moment, flow increased be: ingot body requirement flow * (number-1 of always casting).

The ingot body requires flow=ingot body weight (kilogram)/ingot body to require casting time (branch)

After molten steel all is raised to cap (7) inner equilibrium groove (15) end absolute altitude in first outer each ingot mould, close the mouth of a river (2), in first the cap (6) and the molten steel that exceeds the bottom land absolute altitude in many compensating grooves flow to respectively in each ingot hot top (7), reach at last a little more than cap mouth specified altitude, it is inequality to have only an end ingot to exceed cap mouth specified altitude in this and the scheme one, two.

In the actual production because each compensating groove (15) is taken absolute altitude when building, width and first ingot mould center and the mouth of a river (2) center line not exclusively overlaps, or each compensating groove degree of drying difference, be subjected to the molten steel high temperature action in some groove, refractory material is emitted a large amount of gases, also can influence flow, molten steel rises is slower in this moment second casting cycle some ingot mould, and interior the molten steel of some spindle top (7) is approaching or reach the interior molten steel height of first hot top (6) behind the regulation cap open height.Tend to molten steel rises also do not reach the cap (7) of cap mouth specified altitude in inflow by the molten steel that injects in the steel ladle (1) this moment, when molten steel face in last cap also is raised to cap mouth specified altitude or before during a certain height, closes the mouth of a river.With molten steel in identical several the caps (7) of molten steel height in first the cap (6) through compensating groove oppositely and in first the cap (6) molten steel flow into automatically together in lower several the caps (7) of molten steel face, also can reach essentially identical height at last.But it is more all can to surpass cap mouth setting, also just makes in each compensating groove residual steel thicker.Because the second casting cycle steel ingot number is more, judge difficulty of hot top molten steel aspect ratio, close the more difficult grasp of mouth of a river time.

Scheme four is molten steel in last many unidirectional grooves of first cap (6) (12) flow into many ingot moulds of second casting cycle, and open the big mouth of a river this moment and molten steel flow is increased be: the ingot body requires the number of flow * second casting cycle.When taking compensating groove (15) the bottom land absolute altitude of block between molten steel rises to the second and each ingot mould hot top of the 3rd casting cycle in each ingot mould hot top (7) of second casting cycle, can flow in each ingot mould of the 3rd casting cycle, the 3rd casting cycle molten steel flow is: the ingot body requires the number of flow * the 3rd casting cycle, molten steel rises is before the cap mouth regulation absolute altitude during a certain height, close the mouth of a river (2), the molten steel that exceeds unidirectional groove and each compensating groove (15) bottom land in first and each cap of second casting cycle can flow in each cap of the 3rd casting cycle, the second last, the molten steel face is identical in each mould of the 3rd casting cycle, can be a little more than absolute altitude at the bottom of the compensating groove.

If molten steel rises speed is not simultaneously in each ingot mould and the cap, make first outer each spindle top open height basic identical with scheme three identical mechanism at last, and a little more than specified altitude.In the 3rd casting cycle in the cap molten steel rises the slowest one reach cap mouth specified altitude after, close the mouth of a river (2).

(E) vacuum breaker, hang steel ladle and add exothermic mixture, heat preserving agent

After closing the mouth of a river (2), vacuum breaker after the stipulated time stops steam jet pump and charge into nitrogen in vacuum-casting chamber (5) is shut valve (13), pulls up the snap joint of the mouth of a river (2) hydraulic pressure and cooling water pipeline, hangs away ladle (2).The vacuum cover car rise and mobile vacuum room cover (3) to specifying station, drop into exothermic mixture to each hot top immediately, drop into carbonization rice husk heat preserving agent etc. again, and insert the steel ingot suspension ring of " the iron board " that have heat (batch) number, casting cycle number, steel grade.

(F) cool off and take off hot top

Hang the water-cooled lid to be buckled on the vacuum chamber (5) with overhead traveling crane, recyclable a large amount of hot water are for life and heating usefulness before the molten steel final set in the mould, and promptly energy-conservation environmental protection again can be buckled the insulation cover that block has insulation material to the steel ingot of specific (special) requirements slow cooling.

Be cooled to hang away water-cooled lid or insulation cover after the stipulated time.

Scheme one and two is to hang to the order at end that the tape transport list props up or the hot top of two Zhi Danxiang groove (12) (6) and (7) by head, neatly carefully puts and builds by laying the place, and cooling, cleaning, to cap mouth liner with unidirectional groove (12) is repaired or heavy block, stand-by.

Scheme three be the disconnected or flame of sled cut off residual steel and ingot head opening and the residual steel of compensating groove root in each compensating groove (15) (if it is suitable to close the mouth of a river time, suitable in the middle of the compensating groove to the both sides gradient, residual steel may be seldom needn't the flame cutting).The disconnected balance cell body refractory material of sled hangs away each hot top to the place cleaning cooling with overhead traveling crane, and compensating groove (15) complete removal, cleaning are built by laying stand-by to hot top (6) and (7) liner part.

Scheme four is carefully to hang away earlier first the hot top (6) with many unidirectional grooves (12) to cool off, clear up, repair or heavily build to building by laying the place, and is stand-by.Processing to each hot top of second, third casting cycle (7) and compensating groove (15) is identical with scheme three.

Compensating groove (15) refractory material masonry is disposable use.Take block, drying, disconnected, the big requirement height of workload of sled, and take the unlimited time of vacuum-casting chamber.The cleaning amount is also big.

(G) demoulding

To hang the demoulding place demoulding with overhead traveling crane with the hot-die of red ingot by the casting cycle order, red ingot heat immediately send forging or heater for rolling steel or burial pit and annealing furnace, and it is stand-by that hot ingot mould hangs the cooling of cooling place.

(H) preparation of stove vacuum casting under

Cleaning vacuum chamber (5), each parallels baffle plate (9) are gone up pit, the interior refractory material rubbish of total finished pit of wharve (10) upper surface etc.Mozzle (4) on cleaning or the replacing vacuum cover is ressembled thin aluminum sheet and sealing ring, and is stand-by.

2.6 the range of application of beneficial effect and each scheme

2.6.1 beneficial effect

With belong to batch (-type) relatively by the schemes such as " two vacuum cart castings " of downhill casting, the present invention program one and two belongs to continous way, and one props up a downhill casting with bifilar pursuing, scheme three is added a while downhill casting for first downhill casting of continous way, first downhill casting of scheme four continous ways added and propped up in batches downhill casting simultaneously, so the present invention program has following advantage:

2.6.1.1 save total casting time

2.6.1.1.1 saved the intermittent time when batch (-type) is cast many ingots, establishing ingot body casting time is T _A, cap mouth casting time T _B, every ingot casting time is T _C, T _C=T _A+ T _BBatch (-type) is closed the mouth of a river after having watered an ingot by a downhill casting immediately, and the ladle barrow startup moves to down an ingot mould centering mouth of a river, opens mouth of a river casting again ...Close the mouth of a river and the ingot mould translation puts in place and this time of boiling water mouth stops casting, be called the intermittent time, generally want tens of seconds at least.Casting m props up ingot, and the present invention has saved the time of (m-1) * tens of seconds.

2.6.1.1.2 save the casting cycle number, casting cycle is meant the ingot body cap mouth casting cycle of a steel ingot when casting simultaneously (or many steel ingots).

If when total steel ingot number was m, each scheme casting cycle number was as shown in table 1

Table 1

Total casting time=casting cycle number * (T _A+ T _B)

The casting cycle of this programme one outer each scheme significantly reduces than the casting cycle number of existing batch (-type) by a casting method scheme, so casting time can descend greatly.

2.6.1.1.3 each scheme of the present invention is scheme one, two, four especially, except that ingot is propped up at the end, and the T of all the other each ingots _AAnd T _BTime can shorten.

With 5 3.36 tons of square ingots of first scheme casting GCr15 steel is example, to each scheme T _AAnd T _BThe feasibility of time decreased is analyzed.

3.36 in ton side's ingot atmosphere bottom casting ingot body casting time be 4 '-6 ', cap mouth casting time 1.5 '-2.5 ', we reach T _A=5 ', T _B=2 '.

Except that ingot was propped up at the end, the time that molten steel keeps more than the unidirectional bottom land flowing through in each cap was in total casting cycle:

The 1st ingot is T ₁=(T _A+ T _B) * 4=28 ' is T _A5.6 times be T _B14 times

The 2nd ingot is T ₂=(T _A+ T _B) * 3=21 ' is T _A4.2 times be T _B10.5 times

The 3rd ingot is T ₃=(T _A+ T _B) * 2=14 ' is T _A2.8 times be T _B7.0 times

The 4th ingot is T ₄=(T _A+ T _B)=7 ' be T _A1.4 times be T _B3.5 times

This keep long period " molten steel of flowing through " make cap mouth and ingot body part molten steel to the ingot body because of cooling with solidify the space that the solidification shrinkage that causes produces well " vulcanize and contract " effect is arranged, to preventing the remaining shrinkage cavity of steel and macrostructure defective such as loosen is of great benefit to.And this flow time is long more than ingot body and cap mouth casting time, therefore reduces and outer each the ingot head opening casting time T of a cancellation end ingot _BShould can be not influential to the quality of steel, with the teeming speed of the ingot body cap mouth of casting, when enlarging a step again, might reduce some T _AValue (remain certainly experimental result verify).

(1) with the teeming speed of the ingot body cap mouth of casting:

Little ingot head opening accounts for ingot and weighs 10% calculating, at this moment cap mouth casting time T _B=1/9 * T _A=0.11T _A, every outer ingot casting time T of an end ingot _C=T _A+ T _B=1.11 * T _A=5.55 ', end spindle top mouth and ingot body casting time are constant, still be 5 ' and 2 '.5 the total casting time ∑ of ingot T=4 * 5.55 '+(5 '+2 ')=29.2 ', batch (-type) by the total casting time ∑ T=(5 '+2 ') of a casting method (establishing the intermittent time is 30 seconds) * 5+4 * 0.5 '=37 ', scheme one has reduced 7.8 ' (21.08%).

(2) the ingot body time by 5 ' reduce to for 4.5 ' time:

And with the teeming speed of the ingot body cap mouth of casting: this moment, ∑ T=4 * 1.11 * 4.5 '+7 '=26.98 ' and batch (-type) came comparison by a casting method, and scheme one reduces 10.02 ' (27.08%).

Total casting time shortens, and temperature drop is little, opens to water temperature and also can reduce, and is not only energy-conservation, also beneficial to ingot quality.

The casting cycle of this programme three is two, and total casting time is very short, need not shorten the casting time of first cap mouth and ingot body, and first spindle top mouth still has certain effect that contracts of vulcanizing.

Four first ingots of this programme and each ingot of second casting cycle also have certain vulcanizing the time of contracting.

2.6.1.2 the ingot quality that each scheme of the present invention is cast is good

To the T of batch (-type) by every on a steel ingot of casting _AAnd T _BAll identical, can not reduce, there is not the flow time of molten steel on the cap mouth, do not vulcanize the effect that contracts, add that total time is the longest, before and the steel ingot cast temperature of back casting differ bigger, some difference of curing condition, it is also bigger to be reflected on the steel macrostructure defective difference.

Stronger " vulcanize and contract " effect is arranged in former the spindle top mouths of this programme one, two, the function on " the heat-sealing top " in similar electroslag smelting latter stage, so ingot head opening is low level and smooth, the ingot body does not have remaining shrinkage cavity, defectives such as (base) rate of becoming a useful person of steel ingot also can improve, and macrostructure is loose reduce.

This programme three, four total casting times are shorter, and temperature drop is little, except that the reduction tapping temperature is energy-conservation, and the technology of easier realization " low temperature is cast (feeding) slowly ", promptly cast temperature is lower, and cap mouth casting time is longer.This is to reducing the segregation of steel macrostructure, and defectives such as carbide liquation are helpful, so the present invention's quality that each scheme is cast should be more much better by a casting method quality that each scheme is cast than batch (-type).

2.6.1.3 casting safety is smooth

Each scheme of the present invention is the continous way casting, only opens the mouth of a river one time, only according to the decline of liquid steel level in the ladle, adjusts flow in the process, waters when the interior molten steel of casting cycle ingot mould cap reach a certain height to the end, closes the mouth of a river, finishes casting.Can prevent that batch (-type) from pursuing whenever waters an ingot and opens and closes and do not open in the mouth of a river operation or close not filling pipe end accident in the casting method, safety is smooth.

2.6.1.4 the present invention does not have the huge cumbersome apparatus of the ingot mould displacement of schemes such as " two vacuum cart castings ", reduces investment outlay.Also reduced the cumulative volume of vacuum chamber, the exhaust capacity of required steam jet pump also can reduce, and is favourable energy-conservation.

2.6.1.5 can supply many 3.3t-4.5t specific (special) requirements of the every stove molten steel of special steel plant vacuum casting high-quality alloy steel ingot, for 850 blooming mill cogging usefulness, such as the bearing steel stocking that production contains oxygen, hydrogen is lower and high-low time tissue's requirement is stricter.

2.6.1.6 can have steel-making subsidiary factory of the big heavy-duty machine of each of first refining, refining, vacuum outgas, vacuum-casting device factory now, transform a little by the present invention, the large steel ingot that can vacuum casting goes out many different tonnages is to satisfy the needs of the wideer quality forging of weight range.

2.6.2 the range of application of four schemes of the present invention

2.6.2.1 preface

Four schemes of the present invention respectively have speciality, should be according to the ingot body and the cap mouth casting time of different steel grades during with vacuum casting in the tonnage of watering steel ingot and the atmosphere thereof when concrete the application, number, ingot mould shape (side, circle, flat, anistree or 12 jiaos) ingot height and the big head breadth ratio of ingot body, ingot mould and hot top, baffle plate, concrete size such as hanger and refining are cast total time with the actual conditionses such as maximum casting time of slide gate nozzle steel ladle molten steel tonnage and permission thereof, unidirectional groove and compensating groove number and length, a preferred plan is selected in the calculating of the horizontal layout of the calculating of each casting cycle molten steel flow and the indoor ingot mould of vacuum-casting and indoor footpath and height at last for use.

It should be noted the building by laying bricks or stones, remove, build by laying and dry and can be before casting carry out building by laying the place of unidirectional overflow launder.Working condition is good and take the vacuum-casting office operation time less, and no residual steel can repeatedly use in the groove.

Disposable use balance overflow tank take block, dry and raise one's hat before the residual steel of sled and cell body all when vacuum chamber opens wide, carry out, working condition is poor, refractory material easily falls into and removes difficulty in the mould when taking block, might sneak in the steel, sled is disconnected and when hanging away hot top, have also that refractory material falls on the baffle plate or total wharve on, increased the cleaning work amount.

2.6.2.2 principle

The scheme of choosing should be according to following principle

(a) compensating groove and unidirectional groove respectively have pluses and minuses, should select for use respectively or mix and select for use according to actual conditions.

(b) reduce casting cycle number and total casting time as far as possible

(c) vacuum chamber height and internal diameter will select forr a short time during flat facade layout design, and especially inner diameter values should be got littler well, reduces the vacuum chamber cumulative volume.To save steam jet pump institute power consumption source.Certainly fix at existing vacuum chamber internal diameter, should carry out planar design with this.

(d) in last several spindle tops of casting cycle during molten steel rises, watch and to make things convenient for by the manual observation window, so that in time close the mouth of a river.

(e) molten steel pours into first (first casting cycle) cap (6) when interior, and splashing should be as far as possible little, with prevent that molten steel from splashing and cap in molten steel excessively stir and wash away the hot top refractory lining, cause molten steel to pollute.

(f) should take all factors into consideration the vacuum-casting scheme according to capacity, steel rolling or the forging ability and the customer requirements etc. of first furnace, LF stove, VD or RH device.

(g) the present invention is many steel ingots of one heat steel water vacuum casting, and vacuum chamber height and internal diameter should be not excessive, and the slide gate nozzle ladleful should be controlled at below 150 tons, and during large steel ingot, total number should not be above 7 more than 10 tons in Baogang water casting.Casting should be controlled in 12 for the rolling little steel ingot of 3.36-4.5 ton, and the slide gate nozzle ladle molten steel should be about the 42-56 ton.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 (a) is the schematic diagram of technical solution of the present invention one equipment and technology.Also be the face figure that the A-A of accompanying drawing 1 (b) cuts open.

Accompanying drawing 1 (b) is the technology floor plan at interior 8 the 3.36 tons of ingot moulds of vacuum chamber and hot top and unidirectional groove and two slide gate nozzle centers.Also provided the internal diameter of refractory masses in the vacuum chamber.

Accompanying drawing 2 (a) is the schematic diagram of technical solution of the present invention two equipment and technology.It also is the profile of the A-A of accompanying drawing 2 (b).

Accompanying drawing 2 (b) is the technology floor plan at interior 10 the 3.36 tons of ingot moulds of vacuum chamber and hot top and a unidirectional groove and a slide gate nozzle center.Also provided the internal diameter of refractory masses in the vacuum chamber.

Accompanying drawing 3 (a) is the schematic diagram of technical solution of the present invention three equipment and technology.It also is the profile of the A-A of accompanying drawing 3 (b).

Accompanying drawing 3 (b) is the technology floor plan at interior 5 the 10 tons of ingot moulds of vacuum chamber and hot top and a compensating groove and a slide gate nozzle center.Also provided the internal diameter of refractory masses in the vacuum chamber.

Accompanying drawing 4 (a) is the schematic diagram of technical solution of the present invention four equipment and technology.Also be the face figure that the A-A of accompanying drawing 4 (b) cuts open.

Accompanying drawing 4 (b) is the technology floor plan at interior 9 the 3.36 tons of ingot moulds of vacuum chamber and hot top and unidirectional groove, compensating groove and slide gate nozzle center.Also provided the internal diameter of refractory masses in the vacuum chamber.

Accompanying drawing 4 (c) also is the face figure that the B-B of accompanying drawing 4 (b) cuts open, and has reflected the relation between unidirectional groove and compensating groove and hot top.Above accompanying drawing ratio is 1: 40.

Accompanying drawing 5-accompanying drawing 9 is when various schemes are cast the steel ingot of different tonnages, number in the vacuum chamber of same inner diameter among the embodiment 1-5, the technology floor plan at each ingot mould, hot top, unidirectional groove, compensating groove and slide gate nozzle center.Ratio is 1: 60

Accompanying drawing 10 (a) and 10 (b) are the technology floor plans at ingot mould, hot top, unidirectional groove and slide gate nozzle center in vacuum chamber during the large-scale slab ingot of 4 of scheme one or scheme two casting among the embodiment 6.Ratio is 1: 40.

Newly-increased Reference numeral is as follows in the accompanying drawing 5-accompanying drawing 10:

The circumference that 16-draws with the refractory material minimum diameter of being built on the vacuum chamber locular wall.

17-is the boundary of the shared circumferential area of the ingot mould that draws of radius to the distance of outside fin with anistree or 12 jiaos of large-scale steel ingot centers.Or the boundary of the shared area of large-scale slab ingot.

The circumference of 18-anise or 12 jiaos of large-scale steel ingot hot top top refractory masses internal diameters.Or large-scale slab ingot hot top top refractory masses internal layer outline line.

Annotate in addition :+headed by water the center line of ingot mould.

Specific embodiments

Below in conjunction with to the vacuum-casting specific requirement, promptly further the present invention will be described in conjunction with existing concrete conditions such as refining, LF refining and vacuum outgas (VD or RH etc.) equipment tonnage just for the tonnage of steel ingot, number.Following examples are parts of the present invention rather than whole.

When layer internal diameter of laying bricks in vacuum chamber among the embodiment 1-5 is about 5.8 meters left and right sides, when producing the different tonnage large steel ingot of 2,3,4,5,7, the technology floor plan of ingot mould, hot top and unidirectional groove, compensating groove during different schemes.

Certainly just furnace and LF refining furnace and vacuum deaerator plant tonnage are fixedly the time, and when producing different tonnages, number large steel ingot, layer internal diameter of laying bricks in the vacuum chamber, slide gate nozzle are that vacuum cover mozzle position of center line all will redesign calculating.

The technology floor plan at ingot mould, hot top, unidirectional groove, slide gate nozzle center in vacuum chamber when embodiment 6 is scheme one or 4 12 tons of slab ingots of scheme two casting.

Embodiment 1: shown in Figure of description 5:

With scheme one is 2 60-80 ton left and right sides large steel ingots of the unidirectional press over system casting of sub-thread, establish a unidirectional groove on first the ingot mould hot top, 2 large steel ingots of VD slide gate nozzle steel ladle direct casting with 125-165 ton left and right sides molten steel, when the 2nd ingot head opening reaches before the specified altitude a certain height, close slide gate nozzle, with 2 casting cycles.

Less as the VD steel ladle.2 the less steel ingots of also easily casting, the internal diameter of vacuum-casting chamber and highly also can be littler certainly.

This example is fit to the heavy-duty machine industry and uses.

Embodiment 2: shown in Figure of description 7 (a) and 7 (b):

Accompanying drawing 7 (a) is 3 45 tons of left and right sides large steel ingots of the bifilar balance press over system casting of third party's case, establish angle on first ingot mould hot top and be 2 compensating grooves of 60 °, 3 large steel ingots of VD slide gate nozzle steel ladle direct casting with 140 tons of left and right sides molten steel, first casting cycle waters 1, the second casting cycle molten steel flow doubles, 2 large steel ingots of casting simultaneously, the 2nd, 3 spindle top mouth reach a certain moment before the specified altitude, close slide gate nozzle.Without parallels.

Accompanying drawing 7 (b) is 3 45 tons of left and right sides large steel ingots of the unidirectional press over system casting of scheme one sub-thread, respectively establish 1 unidirectional groove on first and second ingot mould hot top, two unidirectional groove angles are 60 °, same 3 large steel ingots of VD slide gate nozzle steel ladle direct casting with 140 tons of left and right sides molten steel, three casting cycles, total casting time than scheme more than three one-period.Parallels with 2 differing heights

If VD steel ladle capacity is less, need 3 large steel ingots of Baogang water casting, can take external diameter according to the ingot mould maximum and ingot mould, hot top, parallels total height are chosen vacuum-casting chamber minimum diameter and height by this routine arrangement.

Embodiment 3: shown in Figure of description 6:

With about 4 25 tons big ingots of scheme two bifilar unidirectional press over system casting, establish angle on first ingot mould hot top and be 2 unidirectional grooves of 90 °, other 2 ingot mould hot tops are respectively established 1 unidirectional groove and are stretched to an end ingot, 4 large steel ingots of VD slide gate nozzle steel ladle direct casting with 105 tons of left and right sides molten steel, first is first casting cycle, 2 of second casting cycle casting, 1 of the 3rd casting cycle casting, an end spindle top mouth reaches the preceding a certain moment of specified altitude, closes slide gate nozzle.With 3 parallels or with 3 baffle plates (wherein 2 highly identical).

Embodiment 4: shown in Figure of description 8:

The scheme four bifilar unidirectional balance presss over system that add, about 5 18 tons big ingots of VD slide gate nozzle steel ladle casting with 95 tons of left and right sides molten steel, establish angle on first ingot mould hot top and be 2 unidirectional grooves of 108 °, stretch in second casting cycle, 2 formworks, respectively establish 1 unidirectional groove on 2 caps of second casting cycle and stretch in the 3rd casting cycle 2 formworks, taking on last two ingot mould caps to build has a compensating groove, after molten steel is raised to compensating groove, when the molten steel height is identical in two ingot mould caps, close slide gate nozzle.

Annotate: can select the internal diameter of a suitable first ingot mould center and suitable vacuum-casting chamber among the embodiment 2,3,4, like this with the vacuum cover that need not change the mozzle center, 3,4,5 large steel ingots of can casting respectively.

Embodiment 5: shown in Figure of description 9:

Third party's case is with six strands of balance presss over system, VD slide gate nozzle steel ladle 1 25 tons of left and right sides large steel ingot of casting and 6 7.36 tons of left and right sides steel ingots with 74 tons of left and right sides molten steel, first 25 tons of left and right sides large steel ingots are positioned at center, vacuum-casting chamber, take between first hot top and all the other six caps and build that six angles are arranged is 60 ° of compensating grooves, when molten steel reaches cap mouth specified altitude in 6 ingot mould hot tops, close slide gate nozzle.

Present embodiment is a most preferred embodiment, also is best testing program.Because of this routine planar technology arrange in first water the center line of ingot mould and the central lines of vacuum-casting chamber, this mature technology with a large steel ingot of existing vacuum casting is identical.

The vacuum-casting equipment of 1 the 100-300 ton large steel ingot of casting (even more large-tonnage) is all had in steel-making subsidiary factory of existing domestic how tame large-scale heavy-duty machine enterprise, stopper rod formula tundish with about 80 tons (or more large-tonnage) uses many stoves molten steel to be docile and obedient 1 large steel ingot of preface casting, and have on the same axis a plurality of vacuum chamber stavings and equipment such as cover vacuum cover, vacuum cover car and steam jet pump, existing equipment is transformed a little, can realize present embodiment, it is as follows specifically to transform part:

1.74 sealing flange position and size should guarantee that simultaneously the slide gate nozzle center is also on the vacuum cover center line according to the size design manufacturing of sealing flange between original 80 tons of stopper rod formula tundish and vacuum cover between ton slide gate nozzle ladle bottom and vacuum cover.

2. the spatial altitude between two flanges should be increased, and satisfies in the space between the bag end and vacuum cover slide gate mechanism can be installed.

3. enchashment has a vacuum chamber staving, for casting multi-branch steel ingot usefulness, because original large steel ingot height dimension is big, can add parallels or back-up sand in the staving, makes and highly satisfies many little ingot needs.

Certainly also can build a new staving again on the same axis extend outwards line of original several stavings, satisfy the needs of present embodiment, originally the vacuum cover Car Track also will prolong, newly-built one section vacuum suction pipeline and valve, and steam jet pumps etc. are still shared.Be available former vacuum cover and Gai Che and staving like this, with 74 tons of VD steel ladle many ingots of casting, again can many stoves molten steel with original 80 tons of stopper rod formula tundish and former vacuum cover and Gai Che and especially big steel ingot of the original staving casting of vacuum chamber.

Present embodiment is again neoteric best testing program, the existing vacuum-casting equipment of the first step is constant, during test only with a staving bed hedgehopping or back-up sand, arrange each ingot mould, hot top and 6 compensating grooves by the present embodiment requirement in the bucket, buckle closure vacuumizes 80 tons of stopper rod formula tundish on the recoil, inject molten steel with the VD slide gate nozzle ladle of adorning 74 tons of molten steel to tundish, open the tundish stopper rod during to specified altitude and begin casting, when to the last 6 ingots reach the requirement of cap open height, close stopper rod, finish casting.

This testing program is a stopper rod formula tundish with 7 steel ingots of six bursts of balance presss over system casting, and whether success of check the present invention program three is the testing program of simple possible, after the success again with 74 tons of VD slide gate nozzle ladles replacement stopper rod formula tundish.

Embodiment 6: shown in Figure of description 10 (a) and 10 (b):

Accompanying drawing 10 (a) is 4 12 tons of slab ingots of the unidirectional press over system casting of scheme one sub-thread, use 50 tons of VD slide gate nozzle ladles, first three hot top respectively has a unidirectional groove, when molten steel reaches before the cap mouth specified altitude a certain height in the 4th hot top, close slide gate nozzle, four casting cycles.Institute's slab ingot that waters is for special steel plant φ 1150 slabbing mill cogging usefulness, the steel alloy cut deal material of production specific (special) requirements.

Accompanying drawing 10 (b) scheme two is bifilar unidirectional presss over system, 4 the 12 tons of slab ingots of also casting, still use 50 tons of VD slide gate nozzle ladles, establish two unidirectional grooves on first the hot top, two hot tops of second casting cycle respectively have a unidirectional groove to stretch to an ingot mould of the 3rd casting cycle, when molten steel reaches before the specified altitude a certain height in the ingot mould cap of the 3rd casting cycle end, close the mouth of a river, the internal diameter of vacuum-casting chamber slightly increases than scheme one.

Claims (5)

1. molten steel directly carries out vacuum casting slide gate nozzle steel ladle after a stove (bag) refining

With large steel ingot of existing vacuum casting (TD-VC method) common technical characterictic is arranged: be to have water-cooling flange the same with stopper rod formula tundish bottom, slide gate nozzle steel ladle bottom has water-cooling flange to connect with the flange of vacuum room cover top band sealing ring, seals;

It is characterized in that slide gate mechanism (2) and water-cooled thereof protection facility is installed in the seal cavity of having increased between ladle (1) bottom and the vacuum room cover (3), the hydraulic cylinder of this mechanism and water-cooled part are connected by hydraulic power source in snap joint and the atmosphere and cooling water system by the pipeline that stretches out this space or disconnect, and can be evacuated before this space is opened and watered; Be different from the TD-VC method of using stopper rod formula tundish:

A. allow slide gate nozzle steel ladle (1) after the refining of LF stove and vacuum outgas are handled directly to be sitting on the vacuum cover (3) and carry out vacuum casting, the pollution that " secondary oxidation " having avoided taking place when the slide gate nozzle steel ladle is injected molten steel after the refining in stopper rod formula tundish in atmosphere causes;

B. eliminated of the pollution of refractory materials such as middle cylinder-packing and stopper rod sleeve brick and stopper brick, nozzle brick, effectively raised the quality of molten steel molten steel;

C. simplify technology, reduced ladle-to-ladle time of part and the temperature drop when ladle-to-ladle;

2. the technical scheme one of the equipment and the technology of many ingots " the molten steel vacuum press over system cast " equipment and the technology of many ingots " the unidirectional press over system of molten steel vacuum sub-thread cast "

With the common essential features of existing vacuum casting technology (TD-VC method) be that casting cycle is to carry out in that vacuum-casting is indoor, and each ingot mould fixed-site is motionless;

The present invention program one belongs to the sub-thread continous way by a downhill casting; Be after vacuum cover (3) that slide gate nozzle steel ladle (1) after refining and vacuum outgas are handled sits on the vacuum chamber (5) that gives after vacuumizing is gone up, open slide gate nozzle (2), molten steel pours in first the ingot mould, behind the unidirectional groove bottom land height in molten steel is raised to first cap (6), molten steel can fall in second formwork through a unidirectional groove (or unidirectional overflow pipe) (12) overflow automatically, when molten steel is raised to unidirectional groove bottom land height in the hot top (7), fall in the 3rd formwork through the last unidirectional groove of second cap (7) (12) overflow again ... the molten steel overflow falls in the last formwork (its hot top is not with unidirectional groove) by that analogy, when molten steel is raised in the ingot hot top of end certain altitude, close slide gate nozzle (2), after this go in the last spindle top with the whole overflows of the interior molten steel meeting of each groove in last each cap mouth that props up more than the preceding unidirectional groove of each ingot (12) the bottom land absolute altitude of ingot, an ingot outer each spindle top open height in end is all identical, the end spindle top open height of controlling well just in time reaches or omits and surpasses specified altitude, but the inaccurate mouth of a river of closing too early, in order to avoid an end spindle top open height is lower than specified altitude;

The present invention program one is different from and belongs to batch (-type) and have by the equipment and the technology of the schemes such as " two vacuum cart castings " of the many ingots of vacuum casting of downhill casting: a. does not have heavy huge ingot mould displacement device; B. do not have the intermittent time of each ingot casting, save total casting time; C. the mouth of a river is closed one time in direct casting behind the boiling water mouth (having only the operation of regulating mouth of a river size); D. each ingot hot top all has in various degree " vulcanize and contract " effect except that ingot is propped up at the end, can improve ingot quality, reduces the remaining shrinkage cavity of steel, defective such as loose, improves the steel ingot recovery rate; E. can also save the volume of vacuum chamber (5), reduce the exhaust capacity of steam jet pump, save the energy; Invention scheme one has reached requirement of the present invention, but total casting cycle number is identical by a downhill casting with batch (-type);

Quote claim 2

Title: the equipment and the technology of many ingots " the unidirectional press over system of molten steel vacuum sub-thread cast "

A. the splashproof circle on first the ingot mould hot top (6), the splash guard of hanging around the mozzle in the vacuum cover, its additional technical feature are that molten steel spills outside the mould when preventing that molten steel from watering ingot mould top;

B. unidirectional groove (or pipe) (12) is gone up the anti-condenser of placing on outer each the ingot hot top of end, its additional technical feature: be to prevent that molten steel from splashing unidirectional groove (12) and condensing into the unfavorable molten steel overflow of piece at the end, the steel that splashes drips and can condense on the anti-condenser, molten steel rises is behind unidirectional groove (12), wander down in the formwork with steel, coagulate steel and fuse in the molten steel;

C. the determining of unidirectional groove (12) or unidirectional overflow pipe size, working lining, heat insulation layer thickness and the bottom land gradient on each spindle top, determining of each ingot hot top liner working lining and heat insulation layer thickness, its additional technical feature: be unidirectional groove (12) or uniguide and hot top (6) or (7) when work bleed-out not, chemistry and mechanical erosion under the anti-vacuum condition reduce the pollution of refractory material to molten steel; After repairing, necessity can repeatedly use, economic use refractory material for working layer, and make unlikely ingot mould inwall and the hot top inner lining refractory of directly washing away of molten steel, bonding does not stay residual steel to groove (12) end;

D. insulation cover on the unidirectional groove (or cover), first, end prop up the insulation cover (or cover) on outer each hot top (7), its additional technical feature: be the temperature drop that reduces in the casting cycle;

3. the technical scheme two of the equipment and the technology of many ingots " strand molten steel vacuum press over system cast " equipment and the technology of many ingots " the bifilar unidirectional press over system of molten steel vacuum cast "

With the common essential features of existing vacuum casting technology (TD-VC method) be that casting cycle is to carry out in that vacuum-casting is indoor, and each ingot mould fixed-site is motionless;

The present invention program two belongs to bifilar continous way by a downhill casting, be after vacuum cover (3) that slide gate nozzle steel ladle (1) after refining and vacuum outgas are handled sits on the vacuum chamber (5) that gives after vacuumizing is gone up, open slide gate nozzle (2), molten steel pours in first the ingot mould, behind the unidirectional groove bottom land height in molten steel is raised to first cap (6), molten steel can flow to respectively in the ingot mould of two second casting cycles through two unidirectional grooves (or pipe) (12) automatically, when molten steel is raised to the interior unidirectional groove of hot top (7) (or pipe) bottom land height, each is in a unidirectional groove (12) flows into two ingot moulds of the 3rd casting cycle again ... support the front after the ingot mould molten steel reaches unidirectional groove bottom land height in the hot top (7) in two ends by that analogy, prop up in the ingot mould through the common end that flows into of two unidirectional grooves (12) respectively, when molten steel rises is to " certain altitude " in ingot mould is propped up at the end, close slide gate nozzle (2), can all overflow into the end with the interior molten steel of each unidirectional groove (12) in each hot top more than preceding each unidirectional groove (12) the bottom land absolute altitude of last ingot this moment props up in the ingot, the end spindle top open height of controlling well just in time reaches or omits and surpasses specified altitude, but the inaccurate mouth of a river of closing too early, in order to avoid an end spindle top open height is lower than specified altitude;

The present invention program two is different from and belongs to batch (-type) and by the schemes such as " two vacuum cart castings " of downhill casting be: a. does not have heavy huge ingot mould displacement device; B. the intermittent time that does not have each ingot casting; C. the mouth of a river is closed one time in direct casting behind the boiling water mouth (having only the operation of regulating mouth of a river size); D. save more total casting time than scheme one, because its casting cycle number=m/2+1 (m is the number of institute's teeming, and m is an even number); E. certainly except that last teeming, first each ingot hot top with all the other each casting cycles still has in various degree " vulcanize and contract " to act on, just lack than scheme one effect, but ingot quality, reduce the remaining shrinkage cavity of steel, defective such as loose, to improve aspect such as steel ingot recovery rate still good than schemes such as " two vacuum cart castings "; F. also can save the volume of vacuum chamber (5), reduce the exhaust capacity of steam jet pump, save the energy; G. the more important thing is that this programme two can improve (coming comparison with a slide gate nozzle) greatly than the steel ingot number of scheme one casting;

4. the technical scheme three of the equipment and the technology of many ingots " the molten steel vacuum press over system cast " equipment and the technology of many ingots " the molten steel vacuum multiply balance press over system cast "

With the common essential features of existing vacuum casting technology (TD-VC method) be that casting cycle is to carry out in that vacuum-casting is indoor, and each ingot mould fixed-site is motionless;

The present invention program three belongs to first downhill casting of continous way to add a while downhill casting, be after vacuum cover (3) that slide gate nozzle steel ladle (1) after refining and vacuum outgas are handled sits on the vacuum chamber (5) that gives after vacuumizing is gone up, open slide gate nozzle (2), molten steel pours in first the ingot mould, behind many compensating grooves in molten steel is raised to first cap (6) (or pipe) the bottom land height, open the big mouth of a river, molten steel can be taken the absolute altitude of the identical end of block automatically through between each ingot mould hot top (7) of first the cap (6) and second casting cycle many compensating grooves (15) flow in each ingot mould simultaneously, when the interior molten steel of each ingot hot top (7) of second casting cycle reaches compensating groove (15) end absolute altitude, close the mouth of a river (2); In this moment first cap (6) and the molten steel that exceeds the bottom land absolute altitude in each compensating groove (15) can flow in each mould respectively, small amount of molten steel is stayed in the compensating groove (15), the molten steel height is basic identical in last each ingot hot top, the interior molten steel of compensating groove during cooling (15) can flow in the hot top of both sides respectively, make after solidifying in the compensating groove (15) in the residual steel separated or do not disconnect and residual steel that the cap mouth coagulates together also short thinner;

The present invention program three is different from and belongs to batch (-type) and have by the schemes such as " two vacuum cart castings " of downhill casting: a. does not have heavy huge ingot mould displacement device; B. mouth of a river of an open and close in the casting cycle; C. the maximum feature of this programme is that casting cycle has only two, and total casting time is the shortest and the ingot mould number irrelevant; D. be beneficial to most " low temperature is cast slowly ", all be of great benefit to improving steel macrostructure defective such as segregation, liquation etc.; E. molten steel and refractory material are the shortest time of contact, also can reduce the pollution to molten steel; F. all do not need to add parallels under each ingot mould, saved the volume of vacuum-casting chamber (5), reduce the exhaust capacity of steam jet pump, save the energy;

Quote claim 4

Title: the equipment and the technology of many ingots " the molten steel vacuum multiply balance press over system cast "

A. take many compensating grooves (or pipe) (15) of the absolute altitude of the identical end of block on a first cap (6) iron-clad on a plurality of half iron-clad groove and each cap of second casting cycle (7) iron-clad between corresponding half iron-clad groove, compensating groove (or pipe) (15) size, determining of working lining and heat insulation layer thickness, the interior molten steel of first cap (6) reaches at the bottom of the compensating groove behind the absolute altitude, open big mouth of a river molten steel flow and increase several times, molten steel stirs more violent in first cap (6), washing away of working lining also wanted big, therefore working lining requires higher to refractory material, integral body is closely built (after noticing that this work is seated ingot mould and hot top, carry out at the scene of opening wide in the vacuum-casting chamber) by laying bricks or stones between the working lining of each compensating groove (15) and first cap (6) and all the other caps (7) and heat insulation layer; Its additional technical feature: be to guarantee that the unlikely quilt of the interior working lining of first cap (6) washes away strongly in order to avoid pollute molten steel, also to guarantee each compensating groove (15) operate as normal, bleed-out water does not overflow into the unlikely refractory material working lining that washes away ingot mould inwall and hot top (7) of molten steel in each mould;

5. the technical scheme four of the equipment and the technology of many ingots " the molten steel vacuum press over system cast " " molten steel vacuum multiply is unidirectional add balance press over system cast the equipment and the technology of many ingots "

With the common essential features of existing vacuum casting technology (TD-VC method) be that casting cycle is to carry out in that vacuum-casting is indoor, and each ingot mould fixed-site is motionless;

The present invention program four belongs to first downhill casting of continous way to add in batches downhill casting simultaneously;

After the vacuum cover (3) that slide gate nozzle steel ladle (1) after refining and vacuum outgas are handled sits on the vacuum chamber (5) that gives after vacuumizing is gone up, open slide gate nozzle (2), molten steel pours in first the ingot mould, behind each unidirectional groove in molten steel is raised to first cap (6) (or pipe) end height, molten steel can fall in many formworks of second casting cycle through many unidirectional grooves (12) overflow, simultaneously many steel ingots of direct casting; When molten steel is raised to each ingot hot top (7) inner equilibrium groove bottom land height, molten steel can be taken the absolute altitude of the identical end of block through between each ingot mould hot top (7) of second casting cycle each ingot mould hot top (7) and the 3rd casting cycle many compensating grooves (15) overflow in each mould of the 3rd casting cycle, more steel ingots of while direct casting; Before molten steel reaches cap mouth specified altitude in each mould hot top (7) of the 3rd casting cycle when " a certain height ", close the mouth of a river (2), exceed unidirectional groove (12) end absolute altitude part molten steel in this moment first cap (6) and the interior molten steel of many unidirectional grooves (12) all flows into each ingot mould hot top of second casting cycle, owing to exceed many compensating grooves (15) bottom land, so molten steel can overflow in each mould hot top of the 3rd casting cycle again, the second last and the 3rd casting cycle be owing to there be being coupled to each other of many compensating grooves (15) of absolute altitude at the bottom of the same groove, can make their cap open height identical and slightly surpass specified altitude;

The present invention program four is different from and belongs to batch (-type) and have by the schemes such as " two vacuum cart castings " of downhill casting: a. does not have heavy huge ingot mould displacement device; B. mouth of a river of an open and close in the casting cycle; C. this programme four casting cycles are counted the boundary between scheme two and scheme three, and total casting time is shorter; " vulcanize and contract " effect is also arranged in d. first and each ingot hot top of second casting cycle, also be beneficial to and improve steel ingot casting quality, reduce the pollution of refractory material molten steel; E. only under first formwork, add parallels, can reduce the volume of vacuum chamber (5), save the energy; F. because the second and the 3rd casting cycle molten steel flow is less during than second casting cycle of scheme three, therefore splash and hot top liner working lining is washed away also can be less for the interior molten steel of first ingot mould hot top (6).

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