CN101342586B - Equipment and process for casting multi-branch steel ingot with vacuum spill method and liquid steel - Google Patents
Equipment and process for casting multi-branch steel ingot with vacuum spill method and liquid steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a device and a process adopting the liquid steel vacuum overflow method to cast a plurality of ingots, which belongs to the technical field of the vacuum casting ingot, and aims at overcoming the weaknesses that the liquid steel is secondarily oxidized when the liquid steel is poured into the pouring box in vacuum pouring way, and the pouring time is long, the device is large, etc. The desaeration slide gate nozzle steel ladle is adopted for direct pouring, and after the liquid steel is poured to a specified height at a primary mould cap port: proposal A and proposal B, the liquid steel flows into the next or the next two moulds through one or two single-way overflow grooves so as to pour all steel ingots. Proposal C, the liquid steel pours all steel ingots through the primary or a plurality of balancing overflow grooves with the same height of the bottom marker. Proposal D, the liquid steel pours all steel ingots through a plurality of single-way overflow grooves on the primary cap and a plurality of balancing overflow grooves with the same height of the bottom marker among the rest caps. Adopting each proposal, the height of the cap port of the ingot is basically the same. The process of the present invention has short general pouring time, and is safe and smooth, and has good quality of the steel ingot, and has simple device and less invenatment, and can save the energy. The process of the present invention is applicable to vacuum pouring a plurality of quality steel ingots that are used for rolling and forging in the special steel and heavy machine industries.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of molten steel vacuum-casting equipment and process.
Background technology
Existing molten steel die casting great majority are cast in an atmosphere, and in steel flow stock and air, the effect such as oxygen, nitrogen and water vapour produces secondary oxidation, and generate a large amount of non-metallic inclusion, and absorb hydrogen and nitrogen, molten steel is seriously contaminated, affects the quality of steel.
For preventing in molten steel casting process and atmosphere, except adopting argon shield casting measure, main method is teeming in vacuum chamber.Current method mainly contains:
1. vacuum casting method: (note 1)
Through the refining of LF stove and VD vacuum outgas or only first inject molten steel in the rod type tundish be sitting on vacuum-casting chamber cap through the steel ladle of LF stove refining, when in tundish, molten steel reaches specified altitude, open in an ingot mould that stopper rod makes steel flow stock inject in vacuum chamber to have put well, molten steel gummosis is by vacuum action, release the liquid steel drip that a large amount of gas makes to send forth in stream stock dropping process certain angle of flare, degasifying effect is fairly obvious.But this method shortcoming has:
(1) when steel ladle injects molten steel to tundish, be still subject to air secondary oxidation, generate a large amount of non-metallic inclusion and absorb a large amount of gas, although hydrogen can be removed in vacuum casting process, non-metallic inclusion can not be removed, and affects the quality of steel.
(2) in the middle of, cylinder-packing and stopper rod sleeve brick, stopper brick, nozzle brick etc. wash away and also can bring field trash to molten steel.
(3) can only one bag or many bags casting large steel ingot, limiting this method can only at the large station-service of Heavy duty maching industry to produce the less high-quality large steel ingot of number for the important forging of forging, and the less vacuum casting steel ingot of the tonnage that often demand is more is not easily arranged production.
2. ladle-to-ladle degassed and vacuum-casting duplex practice: (note 2)
After LF refining, rod type steel ladle is carried out ladle-to-ladle degassed to the stopper rod tundish injection molten steel vacuumized under air-proof condition, vacuum casting is carried out in the indoor large steel ingot mould of the vacuum-casting that reinjects during molten steel certain altitude, molten steel is degassed through twice drip, do not have secondary oxidation, degasifying effect is best.Shortcoming temperature drop is comparatively large, and equipment is more complicated, invests greatly and a large steel ingot of can only casting.In addition, present rod type steel ladle is substantially superseded, because external refining is very difficult during band stopper rod.When not being with stopper rod refining, first mouth of a river particular fillers is filled up rear refining, insert stopper rod with special installation again after refining, complicated operation, the delay time at stop.
3. vacuum cart carries out the method (this description and claims are referred to as two vacuum cart casting) of casting: (note 3)
After LF refining, rod type steel ladle injects molten steel under air-proof condition in the rod type tundish of vacuum chamber internal upper part, carry out ladle-to-ladle degassed again by the repeatedly opening and closing of tundish stopper rod, coordinate the ingot mould that ladle barrow arranges to move forward, make the molten steel batch (-type) of tundish by casting each the steel ingot propped up.This method advantage is the secondary oxidation not having air completely, and twice vacuum drip degasifying effect is best, and can the high-quality steel ingot of casting multi-branch.
Shortcoming is that the total casting time of every stove molten steel is long.The casting time often propping up steel ingot comprises the duration of pouring and the intermittent time of ingot body and rising head, and the intermittent time comprises workman and sees to look into molten steel height and close stopper rod time, ladle barrow and move next casting position required time, open the stopper rod time.
The total casting time of every stove molten steel=(ingot body+rising head) casting time × number+intermittent time × (number-1)
Another shortcoming be stopper rod under vacuum opening and closing repeatedly (stop to water about 30 seconds) at every turn, stopper rod do not open or Guan Bushang accident probability increase.
Another shortcoming is that equipment is heavy, and occupy vacuum-casting room volume too large, required steam jet pump exhaust capacity will strengthen.
Note 1: for TD-VC method in substantive examination data the 467th page table 16-38 and the 484th page of Figure 16-147 and Figure 16-148
Note 2: for TD-SLD method in substantive examination data the 467th page table 16-38 and the 483rd page of Figure 16-146 (a)
Note 3: for substantive examination data the 483rd page of Figure 16-146 (b)
Above data source: vacuum engineering technology, Chemical Industry Press, in August, 2006 first edition, book number ISBN7-5025-8649-0
Summary of the invention
1. goal of the invention
The present invention seeks to the shortcoming overcoming existing vacuum-casting technology and scheme existence, mainly contain:
(1) molten steel secondary oxidation is in an atmosphere avoided.
(2) pollution of Refractory on Molten Steel is reduced as far as possible.
(3) total casting time is shortened, can vacuum casting goes out that number is more, tonnage is less of the high-quality steel ingot needed for rolling or forging.
(4) simplification device, simplifies the operation, and reduces energy consumption.
(5) accident in casting cycle is reduced.
(6) quality of steel ingot when pouring into a mould many ingots is improved in downhill casting.
2. technical scheme
2.1 molten steel supply sections
Title: after a stove refining, molten steel directly carries out vacuum casting slide gate nozzle steel ladle
Complete the task of the object of the invention (1), (2) and (4).
Four kinds of schemes of the vacuum casting system of 2.2 casting multi-branch steel ingots
Title: the equipment and process of molten steel vacuum press over system casting multi-branch steel ingot
Complete the task of the object of the invention (3), (4), (5) and (6).
2.3 scheme
Molten steel supply section coordinates respectively with four kinds of press over system schemes of vacuum casting system, and produce four kinds of concrete technical schemes, their common technical feature are:
A. all adopt the slide gate nozzle steel ladle that can use under vacuum, be sitting in vacuum room cover and directly carry out vacuum casting.It is simple that steel ladle to be placed in vacuum chamber the scheme of carrying out casting more than other by this scheme, particularly reliable in action.
B. four kinds of schemes all adopt continous way overflow downhill casting.Ensure that the steel ingot height watered out is substantially identical.
A and b two specific technical characteristics can ensure goal of the invention.
2.3.1 scheme one
Title: molten steel vacuum sub-thread Unidirectional relief method is cast the equipment and process (this description be called for short " sub-thread Unidirectional relief method ") of many ingots
2.3.2 scheme two
Title: molten steel vacuum bifilar Unidirectional relief method is cast the equipment and process (this description be called for short " bifilar Unidirectional relief method ") of many ingots
2.3.3 scheme three
Title: molten steel vacuum multiply balancing overflow method is cast the equipment and process (this description be called for short " multiply balancing overflow method ") of many ingots
2.3.4 scheme four
Title: molten steel vacuum multiply is unidirectional to be added balancing overflow method and to cast the equipment and process (this description is called for short " multiply is unidirectional adds balancing overflow method ") of many ingots
2.4 equipment are formed
The equipment of four kinds of technical schemes is formed respectively has difference, and Fig. 1 (a) and (b), Fig. 2 (a) and (b), Fig. 3 (a) and (b), Fig. 4 (a) and (b) and (c) are the floor plan of the equipment schematic diagram of scheme one, scheme two, scheme three and scheme four and the indoor each ingot mould of vacuum-casting, first ingot mould and slide gate nozzle center, Unidirectional relief groove and balance overflow tank respectively.Each accompanying drawing ratio is 1: 40
Each Reference numeral content is as follows: for being called for short in this description in note square brackets ().
1-fills molten steel slide gate nozzle steel ladle (ladle) after refining and Fruit storage.
The slide gate mechanism (mouth of a river) that 2-can use under vacuum.This mechanism has cooled plate to protect, and is jointly arranged in the seal cavity increased between ladle bottom and vacuum room cover.Its hydraulic cylinder and water-cooled protective plate pass in and out snap joint on pipeline by the hydraulic pressure stretching out this space and cooling water and to be connected with the hydraulic power source in air and cooling water system or to disconnect.
This space can be opened and be cut down door (13) and vacuum chamber UNICOM before casting, is pumped into vacuum.Employing two slide gate nozzles in Fig. 1 (b).
3-vacuum room cover (vacuum cover).Splash guard is hung with at mozzle lower periphery.
4-vacuum room cover is aimed at the mozzle (mozzle) (during two slide gate nozzles, two mozzles) at first casting (the first casting cycle) ingot mould center.The thin aluminum sheet that sealing ring is sealed is equipped with on top, gives vacuumizing for seat bag ingot casting room, initial vacuum.Scheme one, two mozzle center is not on vacuum room cover center line, and scheme three liang of center superpositions, scheme four liang of center superpositions, also can not overlap.
5-vacuum-casting room (vacuum chamber).Hold branched ingot mould, in order to prevent locular wall, the uneven and hot ingot mould of temperature is apart from too near (about 300mm-500mm) the present invention of locular wall except building except refractory material in locular wall everywhere, and locular wall adopts Double water-cooled structure, can reclaim hot water for workshop water and heating simultaneously.
6-first teeming mould insulation is emitted (first is emitted).Rising head specified altitude is provided with one (scheme one) or branched (scheme two, scheme four) Unidirectional relief groove by certain position and size.Scheme three is provided with branched balance overflow tank.Each overflow launder root is added with and prevents flying shallow steel and drip the anti-condenser condensed on bottom land.
During for preventing direct casting, in mould, molten steel splashes, and insulation emits overflow launder up to increase into splashproof circle.With the splash guard that vacuum room cover is hung around mozzle prevents molten steel from spilling outside mould jointly.
The insulation that 7-first, last props up the outer each ingot mould of ingot mould is emitted (emitting).Respectively emit in scheme one, two and all establish a Unidirectional relief groove.A balance overflow tank is all established between the first Zhi Maoyu of scheme three respectively emits.One or two balance overflow tank are all established between respectively the emitting of scheme the 4 second and the 3rd casting cycle.Casting cycle first, last props up outer respectively emitting can detain insulation cover or cover.
8-ingot mould (ingot mould).During as ingot body and ingot tail one, mould tail band has the bossing of processing.When ingot body and ingot tail separate, under its baffle plate, there is the bossing of processing.
First ingot mould of 9-scheme one and scheme two is with padded certain value parallels (parallels) (or baffle plate).Parallels or the baffle plate height value of remaining ingot mould successively decrease by regulation, and an end ingot mould does not add parallels, or baffle plate is not increased.In scheme three, each ingot mould does not all add parallels or baffle plate is not increased.First ingot mould is only had to add the parallels of certain altitude (or baffle plate increases certain value) in scheme four.Parallels upper surface has the groove of processing, and lower surface has the bossing of processing, (or the bossing of processing is arranged at baffle plate bottom).
Total wharve of the whole ingot mould of 10-and parallels or baffle plate.Its upper surface assigned address is processed with groove, make ingot mould, parallels or baffle plate on total wharve assigned position centering, occupy stably.
11-vacuum suction pipeline.
In 12-scheme one, two, four, first is watered ingot mould insulation and emits the list of (6) upper cantilever to prop up or branched Unidirectional relief groove and first, last prop up the outer Unidirectional relief groove (unidirectional groove) respectively emitting (7) upper cantilever.In casting cycle, unidirectional groove can add insulation cover.May also be the Unidirectional relief pipe of the larger band of branched internal diameter 90 ° of elbows.The downward Zhi Baowen of bottom land emits the gradient having several millimeters.
13-valve, can make slide gate nozzle ladle bottom and the space between vacuum room cover be communicated with between vacuum-casting room or disconnect.
14-manually sees and looks into window, can establish several by situation more, requires convenient to observe in mould molten steel whereabouts situation in molten steel rising situation and unidirectional groove and compensating groove.
The balance overflow tank (compensating groove) that the end absolute altitude that in 15-scheme three, first Zhi Baowen emits (6) and each insulation of surrounding second casting cycle to emit to take block between (7) is identical.In scheme four, first Zhi Baowen emits (6) second balance overflow tank emitting the end absolute altitude of taking block between (7) identical with each ingot mould of the 3rd casting cycle outward.Also can with the balancing overflow pipe (balance pipe) of a headband elbow
2.5 technological process
The technological process of four kinds of schemes is respectively had any different, and the Arabic numerals in following comment bracket () are Reference numeral number in each accompanying drawing of description.
(A) ingot mould (8) is sat
The order first propped up from first to end before sitting mould in scheme one and two, sits on the parallels highly do not waited or baffle plate (9) on the assigned position of total wharve (10) in vacuum chamber (5).Scheme four is sitting on total wharve (10) assigned position first ingot mould parallels or the baffle plate (9) of increasing certain value.Scheme three is without parallels, and baffle plate also need not be increased.
Ingot mould (8) sits on corresponding parallels or baffle plate (9) according to the first order to end by scheme one, two and four again.The end of attention scheme two props up that ingot mould is the same with first ingot mould first to be taken, and scheme three first sits first ingot mould, then makees other ingot moulds on assigned position.
(B) sit insulation to emit (7) and take block compensating groove (15)
Scheme one and two first sits to finish building and the Zhi Mozhi not with unidirectional groove of having dried emits, again according to end to first order take finish building and each of the unidirectional groove of the band of having dried emit (7) and (6), rear air draught of sitting straight is cleared up each ingot mould and is emitted and unidirectional groove inside.Each unidirectional bottom land slightly gradient, an ingot tilts downwards.Scheme three first sits first to emit (6), then sit all the other and respectively emit (7), and make first to emit half of multiple compensating groove on iron-clad iron-clad groove and all the other respectively to emit half iron-clad groove correctly corresponding by regulation, and gap does not exceed standard.Middle paving one little sheet iron covers gap, then builds heat-insulation layer.Put entirety again and give groove brick processed or the larger pipe brick of diameter or to make end absolute altitude identical with making material wet method or dry method firm by ramming, middle compensating groove (15) working lining slightly exceeding several millimeters of slope aspect both sides.Require the heat-insulation layer of compensating groove (15), working lining and be respectively incubated emit inner thermal insulating layer, working lining refractory material between closed seamless in order to avoid bleed-out water.And require compensating groove and emit chemistry and the mechanical erosion of molten steel under the anti-vacuum of interior working lining, reduce the pollution of Refractory on Molten Steel.It should be noted that compensating groove refractory material is single use.
Scheme four sits first outer each insulation to emit, and make the second casting cycle and the 3rd casting cycle respectively emit half of compensating groove on iron-clad iron-clad groove correctly corresponding, take according to scheme three same process again and build branched compensating groove (15), then take first and emit (6) with the insulation finishing building the branched unidirectional groove (12) of having dried.
Sit straight after taking block, air draught is cleared up in each ingot mould and in emitting, unidirectional groove (12) and compensating groove (15).Especially note, in scheme three, four, in each mould, refractory material rubbish is necessarily cleared up away.
(C) buckle closure gives and vacuumizes and sit steel ladle:
After installing the flake aluminum of mozzle (4), vacuum cover (3) lid car translation centering vacuum chamber (5) falls, and startup steam jet pump is given by vacuum suction pipeline (11) and is evacuated down to 67Pa.
VD slide gate nozzle ladle (1) is as during with the solid filling material filling mouth of a river, need first to release after a small amount of molten steel washes away casting resin at slag ladle place boiling water mouth (2) to close filling pipe end (2), bull ladle sits on vacuum cover (3) assigned position immediately, connect the snap joint of the hydraulic line of the mouth of a river (2) mechanism and the cooling water discrepancy snap joint of water-cooled part, open valve (13), the air between ladle (1) bottom and vacuum cover (3) is pumped.
(D) cast
Open the upper thin aluminum sheet of the mouth of a river (2) steel flow stock impulsive motion mozzle (3) and enter vacuum, steel flow stock releases gas under vacuum, swollenly rise into by drop, with certain angle of flare spray through mozzle (4), still (6) are emitted to fall in mould with certain angle of flare through first the insulation with anti-spattering function after restricted, require that molten steel drip stock does not directly wash away insulation and emits (6) refractory material working lining, molten steel face be raised to first emit the riser height of unidirectional groove bottom land in (6) after:
Scheme one is that molten steel flows in the second formwork through emitting (6) upper single Zhi Danxiang groove (12), flow in the 3rd formwork through single Zhi Danxiang groove (12) after molten steel face is raised to unidirectional groove bottom land height, molten steel flows in the ingot mould of end by that analogy, an end ingot mould insulation is emitted and is not established overflow launder, by manual observation window (14) see molten steel rise to insulation emit in " a certain height " time, close the mouth of a river (2), through very short time, end Zhi Baowen emit front each emit in and the molten steel that exceeds unidirectional bottom land height in branched unidirectional groove all can flow in last Zhi Baowen emits, last Zhi Baowen is made to emit interior molten steel to reach or slightly beyond rising head specified altitude.But can not lower than specified altitude, the setting that this is just " a certain height " and operator close the judgement of mouth of a river time.Ingot is propped up at last end, and riser height is all identical outward, and last Zhi Baowen emits and suitably increases.
Scheme two is that molten steel emits (6) upper two unidirectional grooves (12) to flow in two formworks of the second casting cycle respectively through first, when reaching unidirectional groove bottom land height, flow in two formworks of the 3rd casting cycle again, by that analogy, watering end to prop up before ingot in two formworks after rising head unidirectional groove bottom land height, flow in the ingot of end by two unidirectional grooves (12) pieces, when seeing that an end ingot steel water reaches " a certain height " by manual observation window (14), close the mouth of a river, now first is emitted (6) and all the other two row insulations to emit all molten steel exceeded on bottom land height in (7) and branched unidirectional groove (12) all to flow into end ingot mould insulation to emit in (7), make to emit interior molten steel to meet or exceed rising head specified altitude.But can not lower than rising head specified altitude, an end ingot insulation is emitted and is suitably increased for this reason.
As first emit upper two to itemize different to molten steel flow in groove (12) time (may be that unidirectional groove (12) end absolute altitude of two ingot moulds of same casting cycle is different or width is different and slide gate nozzle (2) center and first ingot mould misalignment be larger etc. that reason causes).Possibility one row flow is larger, flow in the ingot mould of end in advance, another row flow is less to be entered in the ingot mould of end later on, as long as when an end ingot steel water reaches rising head specified altitude, that ingot rising head before the less Lie Mozhi ingot of flow has reached unidirectional groove bottom land height, just can close the mouth of a river (2), now each ingot riser height of two row is all identical.An end ingot riser height can exceed, and an end ingot insulation is emitted and suitably increased for this reason.
As long as when in actual production, two row flows differ and are no more than a steel ingot height (in the ingot mould of end, molten steel has reached rising head specified altitude, when molten steel not yet reaches unidirectional groove bottom land height in another Lie Mozhi ingot front mould), casting can normally be carried out.
To be molten steel emit (6) upper branched compensating groove (15) respectively emitting the end absolute altitude of (7) taking block identical with all the other to flow in branched ingot mould through first to scheme three simultaneously, now open style big water gap, flow is increased to: ingot body requires flow × (number-1 of always casting).
Ingot body requires that flow=ingot body weight (kilogram)/ingot body requires casting time (dividing)
After seeing in first outer each ingot mould that molten steel is all raised to and emits (7) inner equilibrium groove (15) end absolute altitude by manual observation window (14), close the mouth of a river (2), first the molten steel emitting in (6) and exceed bottom land absolute altitude in branched compensating groove flows to the insulation of each ingot respectively and emits in (7), finally reach a little more than rising head specified altitude, this is not with to only have an end ingot slightly to exceed rising head specified altitude in scheme one, two identical.
Because absolute altitude, width and first ingot mould center and the mouth of a river (2) center line when each compensating groove (15) takes block not exclusively overlap in actual production, or each compensating groove degree of drying is different, by molten steel high temperature action in some groove, a large amount of gas released by refractory material, also flow can be affected, now in some ingot mould of the second casting cycle, molten steel rises comparatively slow, and some ingot is close or reach first Zhi Baowen and emit (6) interior molten steel height after emitting (7) interior molten steel to arrive regulation riser height.Now tend to also not reach emitting in (7) of rising head specified altitude to molten steel rising by the molten steel injected in steel ladle (1) flow into, when last emit interior molten steel face be also raised to rising head specified altitude or before " a certain height " time, close the mouth of a river.Emit with first identical several of molten steel height in (6) to emit the molten steel in (7) oppositely to emit with first in (6) together with molten steel lower several of inflow molten steel face automatically to emit in (7) through compensating groove, finally also can reach substantially identical height.But it is more all to exceed rising head setting, also just make residual steel in each compensating groove thicker.Because the second casting cycle steel ingot number is more, judge that insulation emits middle molten steel aspect ratio more difficult, close the more difficult grasp of mouth of a river time.
Scheme four is that molten steel emits (6) upper branched unidirectional groove (12) to flow in the branched ingot mould of the second casting cycle through first, now opens style big water gap and molten steel flow is increased to: ingot body requires the number of flow × the second casting cycle.When the second casting cycle each ingot mould insulation emit molten steel in (7) rise to second and each ingot mould of the 3rd casting cycle be incubated emit between take compensating groove (15) the bottom land absolute altitude of block time, can flow in the 3rd casting cycle each ingot mould, 3rd casting cycle molten steel flow is: ingot body requires the number of flow × the 3rd casting cycle, by manual observation window (14) see molten steel rise to rising head specified altitude before " a certain height " time, close the mouth of a river (2), the molten steel exceeding unidirectional groove and each compensating groove (15) bottom land in first and the second casting cycle respectively emit can flow in the 3rd casting cycle respectively emits, the second last, in each mould of 3rd casting cycle, molten steel face is identical, can a little more than absolute altitude at the bottom of compensating groove.
If when each ingot mould is different with emitting the middle molten steel rate of climb, the last mechanism identical with scheme three makes first outer each ingot riser height substantially identical, and a little more than specified altitude.Emit in 3rd casting cycle interior molten steel rise the slowest one reach rising head specified altitude after, close the mouth of a river (2).
(E) vacuum breaker, hang steel ladle and add exothermic mixture, heat preserving agent
After closing the mouth of a river (2), vacuum breaker after the stipulated time stops steam jet pump and be filled with nitrogen in vacuum-casting room (5), shut valve (13), pull up the snap joint of the mouth of a river (2) hydraulic pressure and cooling water pipeline, hang away ladle (2).Vacuum cover car rise and Mobile vacuum chamber cap (3) to specifying station, emit input exothermic mixture to each insulation immediately, then drop into carbonization rice husk heat preserving agent etc., and insert the steel ingot suspension ring of " iron board " with heat (batch) number, casting cycle number, steel grade.
(F) cooling and remove-insurance temperature are emitted
Hang water-cooled cover buckle on vacuum chamber (5) with overhead traveling crane, in mould, before molten steel final set, recyclable a large amount of hot water, for life and heating, i.e. energy-conservation but also environmental protection, can buckle to the steel ingot of particular/special requirement slow cooling the insulation cover that block has insulation material.
Water-cooled lid or insulation cover is hung away after being cooled to the stipulated time.
Scheme one and two hangs tape transport list by head to the order at end to prop up or the insulation of two Zhi Danxiang groove (12) is emitted (6) and (7), neat carefully putting builds by laying place, cooling, cleaning, repair rising head liner and unidirectional groove (12) or heavily build, stand-by.
Scheme three is that the disconnected or flame of sled cuts off residual steel and Steel ingot feeder head and the residual steel of compensating groove root in each compensating groove (15) (if it is suitable to close the mouth of a river time, suitable to the both sides gradient in the middle of compensating groove, residual steel may seldom need not gas flame cuttiug).Sled disconnected balance cell body refractory material, hangs away each insulation with overhead traveling crane and emits place cleaning to cool, and compensating groove (15) all dismountings, cleaning emit (6) and (7) liner local to build by laying stand-by to insulation.
Scheme four is that the insulation of first carefully hanging away first the branched unidirectional groove (12) of band emits (6) to building by laying place cooling, cleaning, repairing or heavily build, stand-by.Respectively being incubated second, third casting cycle emits the process of (7) and compensating groove (15) same with scheme three-phase.
Compensating groove (15) refractory material masonry is single use.Take that block, drying, sled are disconnected, workload is large requires high, and take the unlimited time of vacuum-casting room.Cleaning amount is also large.
(G) demoulding
By casting cycle order, the hot-die of the red ingot of band is hung the demoulding of demoulding place with overhead traveling crane, red ingot immediately heat send forging or heater for rolling steel or burial pit and annealing furnace, and it is stand-by that hot ingot mould hangs the cooling of cooling place.
(H) preparation of stove vacuum casting under
Refractory material rubbish etc. in cleaning vacuum chamber (5), the upper pit of each pad swage base plate (9), total finished pit of wharve (10) upper surface.Clean or change mozzle (4) on vacuum cover, ressembling thin aluminum sheet and sealing ring, stand-by.
The range of application of 2.6 beneficial effects and each scheme
2.6.1 beneficial effect
With belong to batch (-type) " two vacuum cart casting " project plan comparison by downhill casting, the present invention program one and two belong to continous way one and bifilar by downhill casting, scheme three is downhill casting while that continous way first downhill casting adding branched, scheme four is linked as continuous formula first downhill casting and adds branched simultaneously downhill casting in batches, and therefore the present invention program's tool has the following advantages:
2.6.1.1 save total casting time
2.6.1.1.1 save batch (-type) cast many ingots time intermittent time, if ingot body casting time is T
a, rising head casting time T
b, often propping up ingot casting time is T
c, T
c=T
a+ T
b.Batch (-type) closes the mouth of a river after having watered an ingot by a downhill casting immediately, and ladle barrow startup moves to down an ingot mould centering mouth of a river, then opens mouth of a river casting ...Close the mouth of a river and ingot mould translation puts in place and this time of boiling water mouth stop casting, be called the intermittent time, generally at least want tens of second.Casting m props up ingot, present invention saves (m-1) × time of tens of seconds.
2.6.1.1.2 casting cycle number is saved, an ingot body rising head casting cycle when casting cycle refers to that a steel ingot or branched steel ingot are cast simultaneously.
If when total steel ingot number is m, each scheme casting cycle number is as shown in table 1
Table 1
Total casting time=casting cycle number × (T
a+ T
b)
The casting cycle of the outer each scheme of this programme one greatly reduces than the casting cycle number of existing batch (-type) by a casting method scheme, and therefore casting time can decline greatly.
2.6.1.1.3 each scheme of the present invention especially scheme one, two, four, except ingot is propped up at end, the T of all the other each ingots
aand T
btime can shorten.
For first scheme casting GCr15 steel 5 3.36 tons of square ingots, to each scheme T
aand T
bthe feasibility of time decreased is analyzed.
In 3.36 tons of square ingot air bottom casting ingot body casting time be 4 '-6 ', rising head casting time 1.5 '-2.5 ', we get T
a=5 ', T
b=2 '.
In total casting cycle except ingot is propped up at end, molten steel keeps the time flowed through to be respectively emitting more than interior unidirectional bottom land:
1st ingot is T
1=(T
a+ T
b) × 4=28 ' is T
a5.6 times be T
b14 times
2nd ingot is T
2=(T
a+ T
b) × 3=21 ' is T
a4.2 times be T
b10.5 times
3rd ingot is T
3=(T
a+ T
b) × 2=14 ' is T
a2.8 times be T
b7.0 times
4th ingot is T
4=(T
a+ T
b)=7 ' is T
a1.4 times be T
b3.5 times
This keeps " flowing through molten steel " of long period to make rising head and ingot body part molten steel to the effect of well " vulcanizing contracting " because space that solidification shrinkage that cooling and solidifying causes produces has of ingot body, is of great benefit to preventing steel Residual hole and the macrostructure defect such as loose.And this flow time more than ingot body and rising head casting time long, therefore reduce and cancel outer each the Steel ingot feeder head casting time T of end ingot
bshould can not be influential to the quality of steel, carry out casting pressing port with the teeming speed of ingot body, then when expanding a step, likely reduce some T
avalue (certainly need experimental result verify).
(1) casting pressing port is carried out with the teeming speed of ingot body:
Little Steel ingot feeder head accounts for ingot and weighs 10% calculating, now rising head casting time T
b=1/9 × T
a=0.11T
a, outside the ingot of end, often prop up ingot casting time T
c=T
a+ T
b=1.11 × T
a=5.55 ', end ingot rising head and ingot body casting time constant, be still 5 ' and 2 '.5 ingot total casting time ∑ T=4 × 5.55 '+(5 '+2 ')=29.2 ', batch (-type) is by total casting time ∑ T=(5 '+2 ') × 5+4 × 0.5 '=37 ' of a casting method (setting the intermittent time as 30 seconds), and scheme one decreases 7.8 ' (21.08%).
(2) when the body time reduces to 4.5 ' by 5 ':
And carry out casting pressing port with the teeming speed of ingot body: now ∑ T=4 × 1.11 × 4.5 '+7 '=26.98 ' and batch (-type) compare by a casting method, and scheme one reduces 10.02 ' (27.08%).
Total casting time shortens, and temperature drop is little, opens to water temperature and also can reduce, not only energy-conservation, is also beneficial to ingot quality.
The casting cycle of this programme three is two, and total casting time is very short, need not shorten the casting time of first rising head and ingot body, and first ingot rising head still has certain vulcanizes contracting effect.
This programme four first ingots and each ingot of the second casting cycle also have certain vulcanizes the contracting time.
2.6.1.2 the present invention's each scheme ingot quality of casting is good
To batch (-type) by a T that the steel ingot of casting often props up
aand T
ball identical, can not reduce, there is no the flow time of molten steel on rising head, do not vulcanize contracting effect, add that total time is the longest, so the steel ingot casting temperature difference of front and rear casting is larger, some difference of curing condition, it is also larger to be reflected in difference in steel macrostructure defect.
Stronger " vulcanizing contracting " effect is had in former the ingot rising heads of this programme one, two, the function on " the heat-sealing top " in similar electroslag smelting latter stage, therefore Steel ingot feeder head is smoothly lower, ingot body does not have Residual hole, the defects such as (base) rate of becoming a useful person of steel ingot also can improve, and macrostructure is loose reduce.
The total casting time of this programme three, four is shorter, and temperature drop is little, and except reduction tapping temperature is energy-conservation, more easily realize the technique of " low temperature is cast slowly (feeding) ", namely cast temperature is lower, and rising head casting time is longer.This is to the segregation of minimizing steel macrostructure, and the defects such as carbide liquid-extraction are helpful, and therefore the present invention's quality that each scheme is cast should be more much better by a casting method quality that each scheme is cast than batch (-type).
2.6.1.3 casting safety is smooth
The each scheme of the present invention is continous way casting, only opens a mouth of a river, the decline only according to liquid steel level in ladle in process, adjustment flow, waters last casting cycle ingot mould when emitting interior molten steel to reach a certain height, closes the mouth of a river, terminate casting.Can prevent batch (-type) from not opening by often watering in a casting method in an ingot opening and closing mouth of a river operation or closing not filling pipe end accident, safety is smooth.
2.6.1.4 the present invention does not have the both bulk equipment of the ingot mould displacement of " two vacuum cart casting " scheme, reduces investment outlay.Decrease the cumulative volume of vacuum chamber, the exhaust capacity of required steam jet pump also can reduce, favourable energy-conservation.
2.6.1.5 can supply special steel plant every stove molten steel vacuum casting branched 3.3t-4.5t particular/special requirement high-quality alloy steel ingot, for 850 blooming mill coggings, such as produce and high-low time tissue lower containing oxygen, hydrogen and require stricter bearing steel stocking.
2.6.1.6 can to have now just refining, refining, vacuum outgas, vacuum-casting device Ge great heavy-duty machine factory make steel subsidiary factory, transform a little by the present invention, get final product the large steel ingot that vacuum casting goes out branched different tonnage, to meet the needs of the wider quality forging of weight range.
2.6.2 the range of application of the present invention's four schemes
2.6.2.1 foreword
The present invention's four schemes respectively have speciality, should according to the ingot body of steel grade different with during vacuum casting in the tonnage of watered steel ingot and air thereof and rising head casting time when embody rule, number, ingot mould shape (side, circle, flat, anistree or 12 jiaos) ingot height and the large head breadth ratio of ingot body, ingot mould and insulation are emitted, baffle plate, the actual conditionses such as the maximum casting time of the concrete size such as hanger and refining slide gate nozzle steel ladle molten steel tonnage and permission thereof carry out casting total time, unidirectional groove and compensating groove number and length, a preferred plan is finally selected in the horizontal layout of the calculating of each casting cycle molten steel flow and the indoor ingot mould of vacuum-casting and the calculating of indoor footpath and height.
It should be noted the building by laying bricks or stones, remove, build by laying and dry and can carry out building by laying place before casting of Unidirectional relief groove.Working condition is good and take the vacuum-casting office operation time less, without residual steel in groove, can repeatedly use.
Take block, drying and the de-disconnected residual steel of front sled and the cell body of emitting of single use balance overflow tank all carry out when vacuum chamber opens wide, working condition is poor, refractory material easily falls in mould and removes difficulty when taking block, likely be mixed in steel, sled breaks and hangs away insulation when emitting, also have refractory material to fall on baffle plate or on total wharve, add cleaning work amount.
2.6.2.2 principle
Choice should according to following principle
A () compensating groove and unidirectional groove respectively have pluses and minuses, should select respectively according to actual conditions or comprehensively select.
B () reduces casting cycle number and total casting time as far as possible
C during () flat facade layout design, vacuum chamber height and internal diameter will select less, especially inner diameter values should be got less good, reduces vacuum chamber cumulative volume.With steam saving source that jet pump consumes energy.Certainly fix at existing vacuum chamber internal diameter, planar design should be carried out with this.
When () last casting cycle several ingot emits interior molten steel to rise d, to be facilitated, to close the mouth of a river in time by the viewing of manual observation window.
E () molten steel pours into first (the first casting cycle) when emitting (6) interior, splashing should be little as far as possible, splashes and emit interior molten steel excessively to stir to wash away insulation to emit refractory lining to prevent molten steel, causes molten steel to pollute.
F () should consider vacuum-casting scheme according to the capacity of first furnace, LF stove, VD or RH device, steel rolling or forging ability and user's requirement etc.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The schematic diagram that accompanying drawing 1 (a) is technical solution of the present invention one equipment and process.Also be the face figure that the A-A of accompanying drawing 1 (b) cuts open.
Accompanying drawing 1 (b) is that in vacuum chamber, the craftworks CAD system figure with unidirectional groove and two slide gate nozzle centers is emitted in 8 3.36 tons of ingot moulds and insulation.Give also the internal diameter of refractory masses in vacuum chamber.
Accompanying drawing 2 (b) is that in vacuum chamber, the craftworks CAD system figure with unidirectional groove and a slide gate nozzle center is emitted in 6 3.36 tons of ingot moulds and insulation.Give also the internal diameter of refractory masses in vacuum chamber.
The schematic diagram that accompanying drawing 3 (a) is technical solution of the present invention three equipment and process.Also be the profile of the A-A of accompanying drawing 3 (b).
Accompanying drawing 3 (b) is that in vacuum chamber, the craftworks CAD system figure with compensating groove and a slide gate nozzle center is emitted in 5 10 tons of ingot moulds and insulation.Give also the internal diameter of refractory masses in vacuum chamber.
The schematic diagram that accompanying drawing 4 (a) is technical solution of the present invention four equipment and process.Also be the face figure that the A-A of accompanying drawing 4 (b) cuts open.
Accompanying drawing 4 (b) is that in vacuum chamber, the craftworks CAD system figure with unidirectional groove, compensating groove and slide gate nozzle center is emitted in 9 3.36 tons of ingot moulds and insulation.Give also the internal diameter of refractory masses in vacuum chamber.
Accompanying drawing 4 (c) is also the face figure that the B-B of accompanying drawing 4 (b) cuts open, reflect unidirectional groove and compensating groove and insulation emit between relation.Above accompanying drawing ratio is 1: 40.
Accompanying drawing 5-accompanying drawing 9 be in embodiment 1-5 in the vacuum chamber of same inner diameter various scheme cast different tonnage, number steel ingot time, each ingot mould, insulation emit, the craftworks CAD system figure at unidirectional groove, compensating groove and slide gate nozzle center.Ratio is 1: 60.
Accompanying drawing 10 (a) and 10 (b) be in embodiment 6 scheme one or scheme two cast 4 large-scale slab ingots time vacuum chamber in ingot mould, insulation emit, the craftworks CAD system figure at unidirectional groove and slide gate nozzle center.Ratio is 1: 40.
In accompanying drawing 5-accompanying drawing 10, newly-increased Reference numeral is as follows:
The circumference that 16-draws with the refractory material minimum diameter that vacuum chamber locular wall is built.
The boundary of the circumferential area shared by the ingot mould that 17-draws for radius to the distance of outside fin with anistree or 12 jiaos of large-scale steel ingot centers.Or the boundary of area shared by large-scale slab ingot.
18-anise or 12 jiaos of large-scale steel ingots are incubated the circumference emitting top refractory masses internal diameter.Or top refractory masses internal layer outline line is emitted in large-scale slab ingot insulation.
Another note: prop up the center line watering ingot mould headed by ⊕.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with to vacuum-casting specific requirement, namely steel ingot tonnage, the present invention will be described further in conjunction with concrete conditions such as existing just refining, LF refining and vacuum outgas (VD or RH etc.) equipment tonnages for number.Following examples are parts of the present invention instead of all.
When a layer internal diameter of laying bricks in vacuum chamber in embodiment 1-5 is about about 5.8 meters, produce 2,3,4,5,7 different tonnage large steel ingots time, ingot mould during different schemes, insulation is emitted and unidirectional groove, compensating groove craftworks CAD system figure.
Certainly just, when furnace and LF refining furnace and vacuum deaerator plant tonnage are fixed, when producing different tonnage, number large steel ingot, a layer internal diameter of laying bricks in vacuum chamber, slide gate nozzle and vacuum cover mozzle position of center line all will redesign calculating.
Embodiment 6 be scheme one or scheme two cast 4 12 tons of slab ingots time vacuum chamber in ingot mould, insulation emit, unidirectional groove, slide gate nozzle center craftworks CAD system figure.
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure of description 5:
That sub-thread Unidirectional relief method is cast 2 60-80 ton left and right large steel ingots by scheme one, first ingot mould insulation is emitted and is established a unidirectional groove, with VD slide gate nozzle steel ladle direct casting 2 large steel ingots of 125-165 ton left and right molten steel, when 2nd Steel ingot feeder head reaches a certain height before specified altitude, close slide gate nozzle, with 2 casting cycles.
As less in VD steel ladle.Also easily to cast 2 less steel ingots, the internal diameter of certain vacuum-casting room and highly also can be less.
This example is applicable to Heavy duty maching industry and uses.
Embodiment 2: as shown in Figure of description 7 (a) He 7 (b):
Accompanying drawing 7 (a) to be cast 3 about 45 tons large steel ingots for the bifilar balancing overflow method of third program, the insulation of first ingot mould is emitted and is set angle as 2 compensating grooves of 60 °, with VD slide gate nozzle steel ladle direct casting 3 large steel ingots of about 140 tons molten steel, first casting cycle waters 1, second casting cycle molten steel flow doubles, casting 2 large steel ingots simultaneously, before the 2nd, 3 ingot rising head reaches specified altitude " a certain height ", close slide gate nozzle.Without parallels.
Accompanying drawing 7 (b) is that scheme one sub-thread Unidirectional relief method is cast 3 about 45 tons large steel ingots, first and the insulation of second ingot mould are emitted and are respectively established 1 unidirectional groove, two unidirectional groove angles are 60 °, VD slide gate nozzle steel ladle direct casting 3 large steel ingots of same use about 140 tons molten steel, three casting cycles, total casting time is one-period than scheme more than three.With the parallels of 2 differing heights
If VD steel ladle capacity is less, need a bag molten steel casting 3 large steel ingots, can by this routine arrangement according to ingot mould maximum take external diameter and ingot mould, insulation are emitted, parallels total height chooses vacuum-casting room minimum diameter and height.
Embodiment 3: as shown in Figure of description 6:
To cast 4 about 25 tons large ingots by scheme two bifilar Unidirectional relief method, the insulation of first ingot mould is emitted and is set angle as 2 unidirectional grooves of 90 °, another 2 ingot moulds insulation is emitted and is respectively established 1 unidirectional groove to stretch to an end ingot, with VD slide gate nozzle steel ladle direct casting 4 large steel ingots of about 105 tons molten steel, first is the first casting cycle, and the second casting cycle casts 2, and the 3rd casting cycle casts 1, art prop up ingot rising head reach specified altitude before " a certain height ", close slide gate nozzle.With 3 parallels or with 3 baffle plates (wherein 2 highly identical).
Embodiment 4: as shown in Figure of description 8:
Scheme four is bifilar unidirectionally adds balancing overflow method, to cast 5 about 18 tons large ingots by the VD slide gate nozzle steel ladle of about 95 tons molten steel, the insulation of first ingot mould is emitted and is set angle as 2 unidirectional grooves of 108 °, stretch in the second casting cycle 2 formwork, second casting cycle 2 emits respectively establishes 1 unidirectional groove to stretch in the 3rd casting cycle 2 formwork, and last two ingot moulds emit to be taken block and have a compensating groove, after molten steel is raised to compensating groove, when two ingot moulds emit interior molten steel height identical, close slide gate nozzle.
Note: the internal diameter can selecting a suitable first ingot mould center and suitable vacuum-casting room in embodiment 2,3,4, does not need the vacuum cover changing mozzle center, 3,4,5 large steel ingots of can casting respectively with one like this.
Embodiment 5: as shown in Figure of description 9:
Third program six bursts of balancing overflow methods, to cast 1 about 25 tons large steel ingot and 6 about 7.36 tons steel ingots by the VD slide gate nozzle steel ladle of about 74 tons molten steel, first about 25 tons large steel ingots are positioned at center, vacuum-casting room, first Zhi Baowen emit and all the other six emit between take block and have six angles to be 60 ° of compensating grooves, when the insulation of 6 ingot moulds emits interior molten steel to reach rising head a certain height, close slide gate nozzle.
The present embodiment is most preferred embodiment, is also best testing program.Because in the planar technology layout of this example, the center line of center line and vacuum-casting room that first is watered ingot mould overlaps, this is identical with the mature technology of an existing vacuum casting large steel ingot.
The vacuum-casting equipment of casting 1 100-300 ton large steel ingot (even more large-tonnage) is all had in large-scale heavy machinery manufactures steel-making subsidiary factory of existing domestic many families, many stoves molten steel is used to cast in order 1 large steel ingot with the rod type tundish of about 80 tons (or more large-tonnage), and have the equipment such as multiple vacuum chamber staving and a set of vacuum cover, vacuum cover car and steam jet pump on same axis, existing equipment is transformed a little, can realize the present embodiment, concrete transformation part is as follows:
Between 1.74 tons of slide gate nozzle ladle bottoms and vacuum cover, sealing flange position and size according to the size design manufacture of sealing flange between original 80 tons of rod type tundish and vacuum cover, should ensure that slide gate nozzle center is also on vacuum cover center line simultaneously.
2. the spatial altitude between liang flange should be increased, and meets in the space between the bag end and vacuum cover and can install slide gate mechanism.
3. enchashment has a vacuum chamber staving, for casting multi-branch steel ingot, because original large steel ingot height dimension is large, can adds parallels or back-up sand, make highly to meet branched little ingot needs in staving.
Certainly also can build a new staving again on the same axis extend outwards line of original several staving, meet the needs of the present embodiment, originally vacuum cover Car Track also will extend, and newly-built one section of vacuum suction pipeline and valve, steam jet pump etc. still share.So namely, available former vacuum cover and Gai Che and staving, to cast many ingots by 74 tons of VD steel ladle, can to cast an especially big steel ingot with original 80 tons of rod type tundish and former vacuum cover and Gai Che and the original staving of vacuum chamber by many stoves molten steel again.
The present embodiment is again neoteric best testing program, the first step existing vacuum-casting equipment is constant, only staving is padded or back-up sand during test, arrange each ingot mould by the present embodiment requirement in bucket, be incubated and emit and 6 compensating grooves, buckle closure vacuumizes 80 tons of rod type tundish on recoil, molten steel is injected to tundish with the VD slide gate nozzle ladle filling 74 tons of molten steel, casting is started to opening tundish stopper rod during specified altitude, when to the last 6 ingots reach riser height requirement, close stopper rod, terminate casting.
This testing program is that rod type tundish six bursts of balancing overflow methods are cast 7 steel ingots, inspection the present invention program three whether success, is the testing program of most simple possible, again with 74 tons of VD slide gate nozzle ladles replacement rod type tundish after success.
Embodiment 6: as shown in Figure of description 10 (a) He 10 (b):
Accompanying drawing 10 (a) is that scheme one sub-thread Unidirectional relief method is cast 4 12 tons of slab ingots, use 50 tons of VD slide gate nozzle ladles, first three insulation is emitted and is respectively had a unidirectional groove, before 4th insulation emits interior molten steel to reach rising head specified altitude time " a certain height ", close slide gate nozzle, four casting cycles.Institute the slab ingot that waters for the cogging of special steel plant φ 1150 slabbing mill, the steel alloy medium-thick plate of production particular/special requirement.
Accompanying drawing 10 (b) scheme two is bifilar Unidirectional relief methods, also casting 4 12 tons of slab ingots, still use 50 tons of VD slide gate nozzle ladles, first Zhi Baowen emits and establishes two unidirectional grooves, the ingot mould respectively having a unidirectional groove to stretch to the 3rd casting cycle is emitted in second casting cycle two insulation, before a 3rd casting cycle end ingot mould emits interior molten steel to reach specified altitude time " a certain height ", close the mouth of a river, the internal diameter of vacuum-casting room slightly increases than scheme one.
Claims (2)
1. the equipment of molten steel vacuum press over system casting multi-branch steel ingot
The total equipment of four kinds of press over system schemes of 1.1 molten steel supply sections and vacuum casting system
1.1.1 after a stove refining, molten steel directly carries out vacuum casting slide gate nozzle steel ladle
The technical characteristic common with existing vacuum casting has water-cooling flange the same with rod type tundish bottom, and the flange connect of water-cooling flange and vacuum room cover upper bands sealing ring is also arranged at slide gate nozzle steel ladle bottom, seals;
It is characterized in that in the seal cavity that the mouth of a river (2) and slide mechanism and its water-cooled protection erection of equipment thereof have been increased between ladle (1) bottom and vacuum cover (3), the hydraulic cylinder of this mechanism and water-cooled part to be connected with hydraulic power source in air and cooling water system by snap joint by the pipeline stretching out this space or to disconnect, and this space is evacuated before opening and watering; Be different from the vacuum casting using rod type tundish, allow the ladle after the refining of LF stove and Fruit storage (1) to be directly sitting on vacuum cover (3) and carry out vacuum casting;
1.1.2 the total equipment of four kinds of press over system schemes of vacuum casting
Its feature has: vacuum cover (3) Inner guide pipe (4) and surrounding thereof are hung with splash guard; First is emitted the splashproof circle on (6), and each overflow launder root is added with the anti-condenser prevented from splashing steel from dripping condensing on bottom land;
The own equipment of four kinds of schemes of 1.2 vacuum castings
1.2.1 scheme one, molten steel vacuum sub-thread Unidirectional relief method are cast the own equipment of many ingots, it is characterized in that:
First emit (6) and first, last prop up outer respectively emit (7) to build by laying bricks or stones by certain position and size on rising head specified altitude 1 unidirectional groove of cantilevered (12) or the uniguide of the larger band 90 ° of elbows of internal diameter, prop up the gradient emitted and have several millimeters downwards at the bottom of bottom land or pipe; Each unidirectional groove adds insulation cover or cover, and first, last is propped up outer respectively emit (7) and is above detained insulation cover or cover;
First ingot mould parallels (9) of padded certain value or baffle plate, the parallels of all the other each ingot moulds or the height of baffle plate successively decrease by setting, and an end ingot mould does not add parallels, or baffle plate is not increased;
1.2.2 scheme two, molten steel vacuum bifilar Unidirectional relief method are cast the own equipment of many ingots, it is characterized in that:
First 2 unidirectional grooves of cantilevered (12) or uniguide of emitting (6) to build by laying bricks or stones by certain position and size on rising head specified altitude, first, last is propped up and is respectively emitted (7) all to establish a unidirectional groove (12) or uniguide, at the bottom of each bottom land or uniguide pipe, downward Zhi Baowen emits the gradient having several millimeters, and each unidirectional groove and first, last are propped up outer respectively emitting on (7) and all detained insulation cover or cover;
First ingot mould parallels (9) of padded certain value or baffle plate, the parallels of all the other each ingot moulds or the height of baffle plate successively decrease by setting, and an end ingot mould does not add parallels, or baffle plate is not increased;
1.2.3 scheme three, molten steel vacuum multiply balancing overflow method are cast the own equipment of many ingots, it is characterized in that:
First is emitted (6) to take with around the second casting cycle the branched compensating groove (15) built and have end absolute altitude identical between respectively emitting, or with the balance pipe of a headband elbow, at the bottom of compensating groove, centre slightly exceeds several millimeters of slope aspect both sides;
1.2.4 the unidirectional balancing overflow method that adds of scheme four, molten steel vacuum multiply is cast the own equipment of many ingots, it is characterized in that:
First is emitted on (6) and establishes the unidirectional groove of branched cantilevered (12) or Unidirectional relief pipe by certain position and size, parallels is added under first ingot mould, first emit outer second respectively to emit with the 3rd casting cycle between take to build and have the compensating groove (15) that end absolute altitude is identical, several millimeters of slope aspect both sides are slightly exceeded in the middle of at the bottom of compensating groove, or with the balance pipe of a headband elbow.
2. the technique of molten steel vacuum press over system casting multi-branch steel ingot
2.1 schemes one, molten steel vacuum sub-thread Unidirectional relief method are cast the technique of many ingots
The technical characteristic common with existing vacuum casting technology is casting cycle is carry out in vacuum-casting indoor, and each ingot mould position maintains static;
It is characterized in that belonging to sub-thread continous way by a downhill casting, be different from and belong to the two vacuum cart castings of batch (-type) by the many ingots of vacuum casting of a downhill casting, be ladle (1) after refining and Fruit storage sit on the vacuum cover (3) giving the vacuum chamber after vacuumizing (5) upper after, open the mouth of a river (2), molten steel pours in first ingot mould, when molten steel is raised to after first the unidirectional groove bottom land height emitted in (6), molten steel can fall in second ingot mould through a unidirectional groove or uniguide (12) overflow automatically, when molten steel is raised to unidirectional groove (12) the bottom land height emitted in (7), the overflow of (7) upper unidirectional groove (12) is emitted to fall in the 3rd ingot mould through second again, molten steel overflow falls in the ingot mould of end by that analogy, its insulation is emitted and is not with unidirectional groove, molten steel is raised to end when to emit interior a certain height, close the mouth of a river (2), after this molten steel can whole overflow enter in end props up and emit in each rising head of supporting the front more than each unidirectional groove (12) bottom land absolute altitude of end and in each groove, end outer each riser height is all identical, an end riser height of controlling well just in time reaches or slightly above specified altitude, but forbidden to close the mouth of a river too early, in order to avoid an end riser height is lower than specified altitude,
2.2 schemes two, molten steel vacuum bifilar Unidirectional relief method are cast the technique of many ingots
The technical characteristic common with existing vacuum casting technology is casting cycle is carry out in vacuum-casting indoor, and each ingot mould position maintains static;
It is characterized in that belonging to bifilar continous way by a downhill casting, be different from and belong to the two vacuum cart castings of batch (-type) by a downhill casting, be ladle (1) after refining and Fruit storage sit on the vacuum cover (3) giving the vacuum chamber after vacuumizing (5) upper after, open the mouth of a river (2), molten steel pours in first ingot mould, when molten steel is raised to after first the unidirectional groove bottom land height emitted in (6), molten steel can flow in the ingot mould of two the second casting cycles through two unidirectional grooves (12) automatically respectively, when molten steel is raised to the unidirectional groove bottom land height emitted in (7), each in two ingot moulds that a unidirectional groove (12) flows into the 3rd casting cycle again, two ends are supported the front after ingot mould molten steel reaches the unidirectional groove bottom land height emitted in (7) by that analogy, jointly flow in the ingot mould of end through two unidirectional grooves (12) respectively, when end props up that in ingot mould, molten steel rises to a certain height, close the mouth of a river (2), in respectively emitting now before the ingot mould of end more than each unidirectional groove (12) bottom land absolute altitude and interior the molten steel of each unidirectional groove (12) all can overflow into end and prop up in ingot mould, an end riser height of controlling well just in time reaches or slightly above specified altitude, but forbidden to close the mouth of a river too early, in order to avoid an end riser height is lower than specified altitude,
2.3 schemes three, molten steel vacuum multiply balancing overflow method are cast the technique of many ingots
The technical characteristic common with existing vacuum casting technology is casting cycle is carry out in vacuum-casting indoor, and each ingot mould position maintains static;
It is characterized in that belonging to downhill casting while that continous way first downhill casting adding branched, be different from and belong to the two vacuum cart castings of batch (-type) by a downhill casting, be mouth of a river ladle (1) after refining and Fruit storage sit on the vacuum cover (3) giving the vacuum chamber after vacuumizing (5) upper after, open the mouth of a river (2), molten steel pours in first ingot mould, when molten steel is raised to after first the branched compensating groove bottom land height emitted in (6), open style big water gap, molten steel can automatically through first emit (6) respectively to emit with the second casting cycle between take the absolute altitude of the identical end of block branched compensating groove (15) flow in each ingot mould simultaneously, when second casting cycle respectively emits interior molten steel to reach compensating groove (15) end absolute altitude, close the mouth of a river (2), in now first the molten steel emitting in (6) and exceed bottom land absolute altitude in each compensating groove (15) can flow to respectively and respectively emit, a small amount of molten steel is stayed in compensating groove (15), finally respectively emit interior molten steel height substantially identical, during cooling, compensating groove (15) interior molten steel can flow in both sides emit respectively, make separated in the interior residual steel of compensating groove (15) after solidifying or do not disconnect, the residual steel together with coagulating with rising head is also shorter thinner,
2.4 schemes four, molten steel vacuum multiply be unidirectional to be added balancing overflow method and to cast the technique of many ingots
The technical characteristic common with existing vacuum casting technology is casting cycle is carry out in vacuum-casting indoor, and each ingot mould position maintains static;
It is characterized in that belonging to continous way first downhill casting and add branched downhill casting simultaneously in batches, be different from and belong to the two vacuum cart castings of batch (-type) by a downhill casting, be ladle (1) after refining and Fruit storage sit on the vacuum cover (3) giving the vacuum chamber after vacuumizing (5) upper after, open the mouth of a river (2), molten steel pours in first ingot mould, to emit in (6) after each unidirectional bottom land height when molten steel is raised to first, molten steel can fall in the branched ingot mould of the second casting cycle through the overflow of branched unidirectional groove (12), simultaneously the branched steel ingot of direct casting, when respectively emitting (7) inner equilibrium groove bottom land height when molten steel is raised to, molten steel can through the second casting cycle respectively emit (7) respectively to emit with the 3rd casting cycle between take the absolute altitude of the identical end of block branched compensating groove (15) overflow in each ingot mould of the 3rd casting cycle, the more branched steel ingot of direct casting simultaneously, when the 3rd casting cycle respectively emits interior molten steel to reach a certain height before rising head specified altitude, close the mouth of a river (2), now first is emitted in (6) and exceeds unidirectional groove (12) end level section molten steel and branched unidirectional groove (12) interior molten steel and all flow into the second casting cycle and respectively emit in (7), owing to exceeding branched compensating groove (15) bottom land, so molten steel can overflow in the 3rd casting cycle respectively emits again, the second last and the 3rd casting cycle are owing to there being being coupled to each other of branched compensating groove (15) of absolute altitude at the bottom of same groove, their riser height can be made identical and slightly above specified altitude.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102699284B (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2014-08-06 | 杭州中强轧辊有限公司 | Rapid casting process of rollers by common method |
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| TWI551843B (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2016-10-01 | 深圳興奇宏科技有限公司 | Cold plate structure and manufacuring method |
| CN105665660B (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2017-09-29 | 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 | A kind of different capabilities steel ladle vacuum casting device and method |
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| CN86105689A (en) * | 1985-07-30 | 1987-02-04 | 皮奇尼铝业公司 | Top-pouring of metals skill and equipment thereof |
| CN2447086Y (en) * | 2000-10-10 | 2001-09-12 | 林利坤 | Metal die with several sprue gates |
| JP2004261862A (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2004-09-24 | Japan Casting & Forging Corp | Vacuum casting apparatus |
| CN101015852A (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2007-08-15 | 浙江天马轴承股份有限公司 | Incorporated device for vacuum steel ladle degassing and vacuum casting a plurality of steel ingots |
| CN101015853A (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2007-08-15 | 浙江天马轴承股份有限公司 | Incorporated manufacturing technique for vacuum steel ladle degassing and vacuum casting a plurality of steel ingots |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN86105689A (en) * | 1985-07-30 | 1987-02-04 | 皮奇尼铝业公司 | Top-pouring of metals skill and equipment thereof |
| CN2447086Y (en) * | 2000-10-10 | 2001-09-12 | 林利坤 | Metal die with several sprue gates |
| JP2004261862A (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2004-09-24 | Japan Casting & Forging Corp | Vacuum casting apparatus |
| CN101015852A (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2007-08-15 | 浙江天马轴承股份有限公司 | Incorporated device for vacuum steel ladle degassing and vacuum casting a plurality of steel ingots |
| CN101015853A (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2007-08-15 | 浙江天马轴承股份有限公司 | Incorporated manufacturing technique for vacuum steel ladle degassing and vacuum casting a plurality of steel ingots |
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|---|---|
| CN101342586A (en) | 2009-01-14 |
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