WO2011096317A1 - 画像処理装置および方法 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/46—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
- H04N19/463—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process by compressing encoding parameters before transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
- H04N19/105—Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
- H04N19/11—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode among a plurality of spatial predictive coding modes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
- H04N19/147—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output according to rate distortion criteria
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/189—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding
- H04N19/196—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding being specially adapted for the computation of encoding parameters, e.g. by averaging previously computed encoding parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/46—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/593—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial prediction techniques
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image processing apparatus and method, and more particularly, to an image processing apparatus and method that can improve coding efficiency.
- image information is treated as digital, and at that time, it is an MPEG that is compressed by orthogonal transformation such as discrete cosine transformation and motion compensation for the purpose of efficient transmission and storage of information, using redundancy unique to image information.
- orthogonal transformation such as discrete cosine transformation and motion compensation for the purpose of efficient transmission and storage of information, using redundancy unique to image information.
- a device conforming to a method such as Moving Picture Experts Group) is spreading in both information distribution such as broadcasting station and information reception in general home.
- MPEG2 International Organization for Standardization
- IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
- MPEG2 was mainly intended for high-quality coding suitable for broadcasting, it did not correspond to a coding amount (bit rate) lower than that of MPEG1, that is, a coding method with a higher compression rate.
- bit rate bit rate
- MPEG4 coding amount
- image coding method that standard was approved as an international standard as ISO / IEC 14496-2 in December 1998.
- H.26L ITU-T (ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector) Q6 / 16 VCEG (Video Coding Experts Group)
- H.26L requires a large amount of operation for encoding and decoding as compared with conventional encoding methods such as MPEG2 and MPEG4, higher encoding efficiency is realized.
- MPEG4 activities standardization based on H.26L and incorporating features not supported by H.26L to achieve higher coding efficiency is now available as the Joint Model of Enhanced-Compression Video Coding. It is As a schedule for standardization, it became an international standard under the name of H.264 and MPEG4 Part 10 (AVC (Advanced Video Coding)) in March 2003.
- AVC Advanced Video Coding
- RGB Discrete Cosine Transform
- 4: 2: 2, 4: 4: 4, and 8x8 DCT Discrete Cosine Transform
- quantization matrix defined in MPEG2.
- FRExt Full-Ray Disc
- This H. Intra prediction processing can be mentioned as one of the factors for realizing high encoding efficiency in the H.264 / AVC system as compared with the conventional MPEG2 system and the like.
- the intra prediction mode of this chrominance signal can be set independently of the intra prediction mode of the luminance signal.
- one intra prediction mode is defined for each of the 4 ⁇ 4 pixel and 8 ⁇ 8 pixel luminance signal blocks.
- one prediction mode is defined for one macroblock.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and it is an object of the present invention to further improve the coding efficiency.
- a processing target block of image data to be subjected to intra-frame coding is approximated using a function indicating a plane for each pixel value, and a plane parameter serving as a coefficient of the function indicating the plane is processed
- a plane approximating means for obtaining the plane on the processing target block by obtaining a plane approximating means to be determined using pixel values of the target block and a pixel value on the plane represented by the plane parameter obtained by the plane approximating means
- And encoding means for encoding the difference data generated by the image processing apparatus is
- the apparatus further comprises: orthogonal transformation means for orthogonally transforming the difference data generated by the arithmetic means; and quantization means for quantizing coefficient data generated by orthogonally transforming the difference data by the orthogonal transformation means,
- the encoding means can encode the coefficient data quantized by the quantization means.
- the plane approximation unit can obtain the plane parameter by solving a least squares method using pixel values of the processing target block.
- the information processing apparatus may further include transmission means for transmitting the plane parameter obtained by the plane approximation means.
- the information processing apparatus further comprises prediction coding means for calculating a prediction value of the plane parameter and subtracting the plane parameter obtained by the plane approximation means by the prediction value, and the transmission means is subtracted by the prediction coding means.
- the plane parameters can be transmitted.
- the predictive coding means can predict the plane parameter of the process block using the plane parameters of neighboring blocks of the process block.
- the prediction coding means may use, as the prediction value, a plane parameter of an approximate plane of the processing target block calculated in the plane mode of the intra prediction mode.
- the image processing apparatus may further include orthogonal transformation means for orthogonally transforming the plane parameter obtained by the plane approximation means, and plane parameter encoding means for encoding the plane parameter orthogonally transformed by the orthogonal transformation means.
- Another aspect of the present invention is the image processing method of the image processing apparatus, wherein the planar approximation unit of the image processing apparatus is configured to planarize each pixel value of a processing target block of image data to be subjected to intra-frame encoding. Is approximated using a function indicating the plane surface, and a plane parameter serving as a coefficient of the function indicating the plane is determined using the pixel value of the processing target block, and the plane generation unit of the image processing apparatus determines the plane parameter
- the plane on the processing target block is generated as a predicted image by obtaining the pixel value on the plane represented by ⁇ , and the calculating means of the image processing apparatus generates the predicted image from the pixel value of the processing target block. And subtracting the pixel value of the plane generated as the difference to generate difference data, and the coding means of the image processing apparatus coding the difference data generated. That.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a decoding means for decoding encoded data obtained by encoding difference data between image data and a predicted image intra-predicted using the image data itself, and a processing target of the image data Plane generation means for generating the predicted image consisting of the plane using plane parameters as coefficients of a function indicating a plane approximating each pixel value of the block, and the difference data obtained by decoding by the decoding means And an arithmetic operation unit that adds the predicted image generated by the plane generation unit.
- the data processing apparatus further comprises: inverse quantization means for inversely quantizing the difference data; and inverse orthogonal transformation means for inverse orthogonal transformation of the difference data inversely quantized by the inverse quantization means;
- the predicted image can be added to the difference data subjected to the inverse orthogonal transform by the transform means.
- a prediction decoding means that predicts and decodes the plane parameter by subtracting the prediction value from the plane parameter, calculating the prediction value, and adding the prediction value to the plane parameter from which the prediction value is subtracted
- the plane generation unit can generate the predicted image using the plane parameter predicted and decoded by the prediction decoding unit.
- the prediction decoding means can calculate the prediction value using plane parameters of neighboring blocks of the processing target block.
- the prediction decoding means can calculate, as the prediction value, a plane parameter of an approximate plane of a plane mode processing target block in the intra prediction mode.
- Another aspect of the present invention is the image processing method of the image processing apparatus, wherein the decoding means of the image processing apparatus is a difference between the image data and the predicted image intra-predicted using the image data itself.
- the encoded data in which the data is encoded is decoded, and the plane generation unit of the image processing apparatus uses a plane parameter as a coefficient of a function indicating a plane which approximates each pixel value of the processing target block of the image data.
- a processing target block of image data to be subjected to intra-frame coding is approximated using a function in which each pixel value represents a plane, and a plane parameter serving as a coefficient of the function indicating a plane is a processing target
- the plane on the processing target block is generated as a predicted image by calculating the pixel value on the plane which is obtained using the pixel value of the block and represented by the obtained plane parameter, and the pixel value of the processing target block
- the pixel values of the plane generated as the predicted image are subtracted to generate difference data, and the generated difference data is encoded.
- encoded data obtained by encoding difference data between image data and a predicted image intra-predicted using the image data itself is decoded, and each pixel of a block to be processed in image data is decoded.
- a predicted image composed of a plane is generated using a plane parameter that is a coefficient of a function indicating a plane approximating a value, and the generated predicted image is added to difference data obtained by decoding.
- the present invention it is possible to encode image data or decode encoded image data.
- the coding efficiency can be further improved.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration of an embodiment of an image coding apparatus as an image processing apparatus to which the present invention is applied.
- the image coding apparatus 100 shown in FIG. H.264 and MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) 4 Part 10 (AVC (Advanced Video Coding)) (hereinafter referred to as H.264 / AVC) (hereinafter referred to as H.264 / AVC).
- H.264 / AVC Advanced Video Coding
- the image coding apparatus 100 further has a mode in which prediction is performed using a prediction plane generated using pixels of the processing target block itself instead of the decoded peripheral block. There is.
- the image coding apparatus 100 includes an A / D (Analog / Digital) conversion unit 101, a screen rearrangement buffer 102, an operation unit 103, an orthogonal conversion unit 104, a quantization unit 105, and a lossless coding unit 106. , And the accumulation buffer 107.
- the image coding apparatus 100 further includes an inverse quantization unit 108, an inverse orthogonal transform unit 109, and an operation unit 110.
- the image coding apparatus 100 includes a deblocking filter 111 and a frame memory 112.
- the image coding apparatus 100 further includes a selection unit 113, an intra prediction unit 114, a motion prediction compensation unit 115, and a selection unit 116.
- the image coding apparatus 100 includes a rate control unit 117.
- the A / D converter 101 A / D converts the input image data, and outputs the image data to the screen rearrangement buffer 102 for storage.
- the screen rearrangement buffer 102 rearranges the images of frames in the stored display order into the order of frames for encoding in accordance with the GOP (Group of Picture) structure.
- the screen rearrangement buffer 102 supplies the image in which the order of the frames is rearranged to the calculation unit 103, the intra prediction unit 114, and the motion prediction / compensation unit 115.
- the calculation unit 103 subtracts the predicted image supplied from the selection unit 116 from the image read from the screen rearrangement buffer 102, and outputs the difference information to the orthogonal transformation unit 104. For example, in the case of an image subjected to intra coding, the operation unit 103 adds the predicted image supplied from the intra prediction unit 114 to the image read from the screen rearrangement buffer 102. In addition, for example, in the case of an image to be subjected to inter coding, the operation unit 103 adds the predicted image supplied from the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 to the image read from the screen rearrangement buffer 102.
- the orthogonal transformation unit 104 subjects the difference information from the computation unit 103 to orthogonal transformation such as discrete cosine transformation or Karhunen-Loeve transformation, and supplies the transformation coefficient to the quantization unit 105.
- the quantization unit 105 quantizes the transform coefficient output from the orthogonal transform unit 104.
- the quantization unit 105 supplies the quantized transform coefficient to the lossless encoding unit 106.
- the lossless coding unit 106 performs lossless coding such as variable length coding and arithmetic coding on the quantized transform coefficients.
- the lossless encoding unit 106 acquires, from the intra prediction unit 114, information indicating intra prediction, a parameter (plane parameter) related to a prediction plane to be described later, and the like, and acquires information from inter motion prediction compensation unit 115 indicating an inter prediction mode.
- the information indicating intra prediction is hereinafter also referred to as intra prediction mode information.
- the information which shows the information mode which shows inter prediction is also hereafter called inter prediction mode information.
- the lossless encoding unit 106 encodes the quantized transform coefficient and, at the same time, transmits the filter coefficient, the intra prediction mode information, the inter prediction mode information, the quantization parameter, the plane parameter, etc. Make it part (multiplex).
- the lossless encoding unit 106 supplies the encoded data obtained by the encoding to the accumulation buffer 107 for accumulation.
- lossless encoding processing such as variable length coding or arithmetic coding is performed.
- variable-length coding H.264 is used.
- CAVLC Context-Adaptive Variable Length Coding
- arithmetic coding include CABAC (Context-Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding).
- the accumulation buffer 107 temporarily holds the encoded data supplied from the lossless encoding unit 106, and at a predetermined timing, the H.264 buffer is stored.
- the encoded image encoded in the H.264 / AVC format is output to a recording apparatus, a transmission path, or the like (not shown) in the subsequent stage.
- the transform coefficient quantized in the quantization unit 105 is also supplied to the inverse quantization unit 108.
- the inverse quantization unit 108 inversely quantizes the quantized transform coefficient according to a method corresponding to the quantization by the quantization unit 105, and supplies the obtained transform coefficient to the inverse orthogonal transform unit 109.
- the inverse orthogonal transform unit 109 performs inverse orthogonal transform on the supplied transform coefficient by a method corresponding to orthogonal transform processing by the orthogonal transform unit 104.
- the inverse orthogonal transformed output is supplied to the calculation unit 110.
- the operation unit 110 adds the predicted image supplied from the selection unit 116 to the inverse orthogonal transformation result supplied from the inverse orthogonal transform unit 109, that is, the restored difference information, and a locally decoded image (decoding (decoding) Get an image). For example, when the difference information corresponds to an image on which intra coding is performed, the calculation unit 110 adds the prediction image supplied from the intra prediction unit 114 to the difference information. Also, for example, when the difference information corresponds to an image on which inter coding is performed, the calculation unit 110 adds the predicted image supplied from the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 to the difference information.
- the addition result is supplied to the deblocking filter 111 or the frame memory 112.
- the deblocking filter 111 removes block distortion of the decoded image by appropriately performing deblocking filter processing, and performs image quality improvement by appropriately performing loop filter processing using, for example, a Wiener filter.
- the deblocking filter 111 classifies each pixel and performs appropriate filtering for each class.
- the deblocking filter 111 supplies the filter processing result to the frame memory 112.
- the frame memory 112 outputs the accumulated reference image to the intra prediction unit 114 or the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 via the selection unit 113 at a predetermined timing.
- the frame memory 112 supplies the reference image to the intra prediction unit 114 via the selection unit 113. Also, for example, in the case of an image to be subjected to inter coding, the frame memory 112 supplies the reference image to the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 via the selection unit 113.
- the I picture, the B picture, and the P picture from the screen rearrangement buffer 102 are supplied to the intra prediction unit 114 as an image to be subjected to intra prediction (also referred to as intra processing). Also, the B picture and the P picture read from the screen rearrangement buffer 102 are supplied to the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 as an image to be inter predicted (also referred to as inter processing).
- the selection unit 113 supplies the reference image supplied from the frame memory 112 to the intra prediction unit 114 in the case of an image to be subjected to intra coding, and supplies the reference image supplied to the motion prediction compensation unit 115 in the case of an image to be subjected to inter coding. .
- the intra prediction unit 114 performs intra prediction (in-screen prediction) that generates a predicted image using pixel values in the screen.
- the intra prediction unit 114 performs intra prediction in a plurality of modes (intra prediction modes).
- this intra prediction mode there is a mode in which a predicted image is generated based on the reference image supplied from the frame memory 112 via the selection unit 113.
- this intra prediction mode there is also a mode in which a predicted image is generated using the image to be subjected to intra prediction (the pixel value of the processing target block) read out from the screen rearrangement buffer 102.
- the intra prediction unit 114 generates prediction images in all intra prediction modes, evaluates each prediction image, and selects an optimal mode. When the optimal intra prediction mode is selected, the intra prediction unit 114 supplies the predicted image generated in the optimal mode to the computation unit 103 via the selection unit 116.
- the intra prediction unit 114 appropriately supplies the intra prediction mode information indicating the adopted intra prediction mode, and information such as plane parameters of the predicted image to the lossless encoding unit 106 as appropriate.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 performs an input image supplied from the screen rearrangement buffer 102 and a decoded image to be a reference frame supplied from the frame memory 112 via the selection unit 113 for an image to be inter-coded.
- the motion vector is calculated using this.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 performs motion compensation processing according to the calculated motion vector, and generates a predicted image (inter predicted image information).
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 performs inter prediction processing of all candidate inter prediction modes to generate a prediction image.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 supplies the generated predicted image to the computation unit 103 via the selection unit 116.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 supplies, to the lossless coding unit 106, inter prediction mode information indicating the adopted inter prediction mode and motion vector information indicating the calculated motion vector.
- the selection unit 116 supplies the output of the intra prediction unit 114 to the calculation unit 103 in the case of an image to be subjected to intra coding, and supplies the output of the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 to the calculation unit 103 in the case of an image to be inter coded. Do.
- the rate control unit 117 controls the rate of the quantization operation of the quantization unit 105 based on the compressed image stored in the storage buffer 107 so that overflow or underflow does not occur.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the block size of motion prediction compensation in H.264 / AVC system.
- a macro block composed of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels divided into partitions of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels, 16 ⁇ 8 pixels, 8 ⁇ 16 pixels, and 8 ⁇ 8 pixels is sequentially shown.
- 8 ⁇ 8 pixel partitions divided into 8 ⁇ 8 pixels, 8 ⁇ 4 pixels, 4 ⁇ 8 pixels, and 4 ⁇ 4 pixel sub partitions are sequentially shown from the left. There is.
- one macroblock is divided into partitions of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels, 16 ⁇ 8 pixels, 8 ⁇ 16 pixels, or 8 ⁇ 8 pixels, and independent motion vector information is obtained. It is possible to have.
- the 8 ⁇ 8 pixel partition it should be divided into 8 ⁇ 8 pixel, 8 ⁇ 4 pixel, 4 ⁇ 8 pixel, or 4 ⁇ 4 pixel sub-partition and have independent motion vector information. Is possible.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a main configuration example of the intra prediction unit 114 of FIG.
- the intra prediction unit 114 includes a prediction image generation unit 131, a plane prediction image generation unit 132, a cost function calculation unit 133, and a mode determination unit 134.
- the intra prediction unit 114 generates both a mode for generating a predicted image using the reference image (peripheral pixels) acquired from the frame memory 112 and a mode for generating a predicted image using the processing target image itself.
- the predicted image generation unit 131 generates a predicted image in a mode using the reference image (peripheral pixels) acquired from the frame memory 112.
- the plane prediction image generation unit 132 generates a prediction image in a mode using the processing target image itself.
- the prediction image generated by the prediction image generation unit 131 or the plane prediction image generation unit 132 is supplied to the cost function calculation unit 133.
- the cost function calculation unit 133 calculates cost function values for the 4 ⁇ 4 pixel, 8 ⁇ 8 pixel, and 16 ⁇ 16 pixel intra prediction modes for the prediction image generated by the prediction image generation unit 131. Further, the cost function calculation unit 133 calculates a cost function value for the 16 ⁇ 16 pixel intra prediction mode with respect to the prediction image generated by the plane prediction image generation unit 132.
- cost function value it is performed based on either High Complexity mode or Low Complexity mode. These modes are described in H. It is defined by JM (Joint Model) which is reference software in the H.264 / AVC system.
- D is the difference (distortion) between the original image and the decoded image
- R is the generated code amount including the orthogonal transformation coefficients
- ⁇ is the Lagrange multiplier given as a function of the quantization parameter QP.
- Equation (2) D is a difference (distortion) between the original image and the decoded image, Header_Bit is a header bit for the prediction mode, and QPtoQuant is a function given as a function of the quantization parameter QP.
- the cost function calculation unit 133 supplies the cost function value calculated as described above to the mode determination unit 134.
- the mode determination unit 134 selects the optimal intra prediction mode based on the supplied cost function value. That is, from each intra prediction mode, the mode in which the cost function value is the minimum value is selected as the optimal intra prediction mode.
- the mode determination unit 134 supplies the prediction image of the prediction mode selected as the optimal intra prediction mode to the calculation unit 103 and the calculation unit 110 via the selection unit 116 as necessary. In addition, the mode determination unit 134 supplies the information of the prediction mode to the lossless encoding unit 106 as necessary.
- the mode determination unit 134 acquires the plane parameter from the plane prediction image generation unit 132 and supplies the plane parameter to the lossless encoding unit 106.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example of the state of orthogonal transformation.
- the numerals -1 to 25 attached to each block represent the bit stream order (processing order on the decoding side) of each block.
- the macro block is divided into 4 ⁇ 4 pixels, and DCT of 4 ⁇ 4 pixels is performed. Then, only in the case of the intra 16 ⁇ 16 prediction mode, as shown in the block of ⁇ 1, the DC components of each block are collected to generate a 4 ⁇ 4 matrix, to which an orthogonal transformation is further applied. Be done.
- the predicted image generation unit 131 sets the luminance signal to the intra 4 ⁇ 4 prediction mode, the intra 8 ⁇ 8 prediction mode, and the intra 16 ⁇ 16 prediction mode. Perform intra prediction in three modes. This is a mode for determining a block unit, and is set for each macroblock. In addition, for the color difference signal, an intra prediction mode independent of the luminance signal can be set for each macroblock.
- one prediction mode can be set from nine prediction modes for each target block of 4 ⁇ 4 pixels.
- one prediction mode can be set from nine prediction modes for each target block of 8 ⁇ 8 pixels.
- one prediction mode can be set from four types of prediction modes for a target macroblock of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels.
- the intra 4 ⁇ 4 prediction mode, the intra 8 ⁇ 8 prediction mode, and the intra 16 ⁇ 16 prediction mode are respectively 4 ⁇ 4 pixel intra prediction mode, 8 ⁇ 8 pixel intra prediction mode, and 16 ⁇ Also referred to as an intra prediction mode of 16 pixels.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a 16 ⁇ 16 pixel intra prediction mode (Intra_16 ⁇ 16_pred_mode) of four types of luminance signals.
- the predicted pixel value Pred (x, y) of each pixel of the target macroblock A is generated as in the following equation (3).
- the predicted pixel value Pred (x, y) of each pixel of the target macroblock A is generated as shown in the following equation (4).
- the predicted pixel value Pred (x, y) of each pixel of is generated as in the following equation (5).
- Equation (6) the predicted pixel value Pred (x, y) of each pixel of the target macroblock A is Equation (6) is generated as follows.
- the predicted pixel value Pred (x, y) of each pixel of the target macroblock A is generated as shown in the following equation (8).
- the intra prediction mode of the chrominance signal can be set independently of the intra prediction mode of the luminance signal.
- the intra prediction mode for the color difference signal follows the 16 ⁇ 16 pixel intra prediction mode of the luminance signal described above.
- the intra prediction mode of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels of the luminance signal targets a block of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels
- the intra prediction mode for chrominance signals targets a block of 8 ⁇ 8 pixels.
- the intra prediction mode of this chrominance signal can be set independently of the intra prediction mode of the luminance signal.
- intra prediction mode for the 4 ⁇ 4 pixel intra prediction mode (intra 4 ⁇ 4 prediction mode) and the 8 ⁇ 8 pixel intra prediction mode (intra 8 ⁇ 8 prediction mode) of the luminance signal, 4 ⁇ 4 pixels and 8 ⁇ 8 pixels
- One intra prediction mode is set for each block of the luminance signal.
- 16 ⁇ 16 pixel intra prediction mode (intra 16 ⁇ 16 prediction mode) of the luminance signal and the intra prediction mode of the color difference signal
- one prediction mode is set for one macroblock.
- the plane prediction image generation unit 132 performs prediction using the pixel values of the processing target block itself of the input image (original image) to improve the prediction accuracy and improve the coding efficiency.
- a parameter (plane parameter) indicating a predicted plane is also transmitted to the decoding side.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a main configuration example of the plane predicted image generation unit 132 of FIG. 3.
- the plane prediction image generation unit 132 includes a plane approximation unit 151, a plane generation unit 152, a prediction coding unit 153, and an entropy coding unit 154.
- the plane approximation unit 151 approximates each pixel value of the processing target block read out from the screen rearrangement buffer 102 on a plane. That is, the plane approximation unit 151 obtains a plane that approximates each pixel value of the processing target block. More specifically, the plane approximation unit 151 obtains each coefficient of a function representing a plane (approximation plane) that approximates each pixel value of the processing target block. Each coefficient of the function representing this approximate plane is called a plane parameter. After obtaining the plane parameter, the plane approximation unit 151 supplies the plane parameter to the plane generation unit 152 and the predictive coding unit 153.
- the plane generation unit 152 obtains pixel values on the plane represented by the supplied plane parameter.
- This plane is a plane that approximates each pixel value of the processing target block. That is, the plane generation unit 152 generates the plane on the processing target block by obtaining an approximate value (value on the plane) corresponding to each pixel value.
- the plane generation unit 152 supplies the pixel function group to the cost function calculation unit 133 when the plane is represented by each pixel value as described above.
- the plane parameters obtained by the plane approximating unit 151 are transmitted to the decoding side because they are necessary in the decoding process. Therefore, the plane prediction image generation unit 132 entropy codes the plane parameters so that transmission can be performed more easily. Also, the plane prediction image generation unit 132 further reduces the data amount of the plane parameter by predicting the value of the plane parameter from other information before the entropy coding.
- the predictive coding unit 153 performs predictive coding of the supplied plane parameter to reduce the data amount.
- the predictive coding unit 153 predicts the value of the plane parameter, and reduces the amount of data by taking the difference between the predicted value and the value of the actual plane parameter.
- the predictive coding unit 153 supplies the coding result (coded plane parameter) to the entropy coding unit 154.
- the entropy coding unit 154 further entropy codes the coded plane parameter.
- the entropy coding unit 154 supplies the coded data to the mode determination unit 134.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the approximate plane.
- the plane approximation unit 151 generates a plane (approximation plane) that approximates each pixel value of the processing target block.
- this approximate plane 161 is represented by a function as in the following equation (9) in the XYZ space.
- the XY plane indicates the coordinates of each pixel of the processing target block, and the Z axis indicates each pixel value. That is, the plane approximating unit 151 obtains the approximate plane 161 by obtaining the parameters a, b and c of this equation (9).
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a method of calculating the plane parameters a, b and c.
- an object function for obtaining the pixel value f (j, i) on the plane 161 is expressed by the following equation (10).
- the plane parameters a, b and c are determined so as to minimize this error value, the plane parameters a, b and c are expressed as in the following equation (12).
- variables S 1 , S 2 and S 3 are expressed as in the following formula (13).
- data of an input image (that is, an original image) of the image encoding device 100 to be encoded may be used for calculation (prediction) of the approximate plane 161.
- peripheral pixels of the processing target block may also be used to calculate the approximate plane 161.
- the plane parameters are determined using 17 ⁇ 17 pixels including the block to be processed. Also in this case, plane parameters can be obtained by solving the least squares method as in the case of FIG.
- the plane parameters a, b and c are obtained so as to minimize the error value, the plane parameters a, b and c are expressed as the following equation (14).
- the plane generation unit 152 obtains each pixel value representing the plane 161 indicated by the plane parameters generated as described above.
- the plane approximation unit 151 may obtain plane parameters of the plane 161 by a method other than the method using the least squares method.
- the plane parameters a, b and c obtained as described above have respective values, and there is room for reducing the data amount by encoding.
- the parameter c is a direct current component of the plane 161 and is likely to have a large value, and it is highly possible that the amount of data can be reduced by predictive coding.
- the coding efficiency of prediction coding by plane prediction such as mode 3 (plane prediction mode) of 16 ⁇ 16 pixel intra prediction mode is high when the frequency component of the image is low. .
- plane prediction mode 3 plane prediction mode
- such a mode is likely to be adopted in a portion where the image changes gradually, such as a portion where gradation occurs.
- the predictive coding unit 153 predicts the plane parameter of the processing target block from the plane parameters of the block adjacent to the processing target block calculated in the past, The difference with each value of the calculated plane parameter is calculated.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing an example of a main configuration of the predictive coding unit 153 of FIG.
- the prediction encoding unit 153 includes a storage unit 171, a neighboring block parameter acquisition unit 172, a prediction calculation unit 173, and an encoding unit 174.
- the storage unit 171 stores the plane parameters a, b and c obtained by the plane approximation unit 151.
- the plane parameters a, b, c stored in the storage unit 171 may be used in other blocks processed later in time. That is, the plane parameters a, b, c of the neighboring blocks obtained in the past are stored in the storage unit 171.
- the neighboring block parameter acquisition unit 172 calculates plane parameters a, b, and b of neighboring blocks of the processing target block, which are obtained in the past from the storage unit 171. Get c.
- the neighboring block parameter acquisition unit 172 supplies the acquired plane parameter of the neighboring block to the prediction calculation unit 173.
- the prediction calculation unit 173 calculates a predicted value of the plane parameter of the processing target block using the plane parameter of the neighboring block.
- the prediction calculation unit 173 supplies the calculated prediction value to the encoding unit 174.
- the encoding unit 174 obtains the difference between the plane parameter supplied from the plane approximation unit 151 and the predicted value supplied from the prediction operation unit 173.
- the encoding unit 174 supplies the difference value to the entropy encoding unit 154 as a predictive encoding result.
- the method of calculating this predicted value is basically arbitrary.
- the plane parameters of the processing target block 181 obtained by the plane approximation unit 151 are set to (a0, b0, c0).
- the plane parameters of the block 182 on the upper left side of the processing target block 181 are set to (a1, b2, c1).
- the plane parameters of the block 183 above the processing target block 181 are (a2, b2, c2).
- the plane parameters of the block 184 adjacent to the left of the processing target block 181 are set to (a3, b3, c3).
- predicted values of plane parameters of the processing target block 181 are set to (a ′, b ′, c ′).
- the prediction calculation unit 173 uses, for example, the average value of the plane parameters of the blocks 182 to 184 as the prediction value of the plane parameter of the processing target block 181. For example, the prediction calculation unit 173 obtains the average value of the neighboring blocks for each of the plane parameters a, b, and c as shown in the following equation (16), and uses them as prediction values (1 in FIG. 13)).
- the prediction calculation unit 173 calculates a prediction coding result (a ′ ′, b ′ ′, c ′ ′) as in the following Expression (17) using the prediction value.
- an intermediate value of the plane parameters of the blocks 182 to 184 may be used as the predicted value.
- the prediction calculation unit 173 obtains intermediate values of neighboring blocks for each of the plane parameters a, b, and c, for example, as in the following equation (18) (2 in FIG. 13)).
- the prediction calculation unit 173 may obtain the prediction value of the processing target block by calculation as shown in the following equation (19), for example, using each value of the plane parameters of the blocks 182 to 184. (3 in FIG. 13)).
- the prediction calculation unit 173 may obtain the prediction value of the processing target block by calculation as shown in the following equation (20), using each value of the plane parameters of the blocks 182 to 184, for example. (4 in FIG. 13)).
- the prediction calculation unit 173 may obtain the prediction value of the processing target block by calculation as shown in the following equation (21), using each value of the plane parameters of the blocks 182 to 184, for example. (5 in FIG. 13)).
- the prediction calculation unit 173 may obtain the prediction value of the processing target block by calculation as shown in the following equation (22) using, for example, each value of the plane parameters of the blocks 182 to 184. (6 in FIG. 13)).
- the prediction calculation unit 173 sets each prediction value of the processing target block in accordance with the condition of each value of the plane parameter of the block 182 to the block 184, for example, as shown in the following equation (23) (7 in FIG. 13)).
- the predicted value may be determined by a method other than the above.
- the prediction calculation unit 173 obtains a predicted value by a plurality of methods, and selects an optimal one (for example, a value closest to the plane parameter (a0, b0, c0)) from the calculation result of the predicted value. It is also good.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a main configuration example of the entropy coding unit 154 of FIG.
- the entropy coding unit 154 includes a context generation unit 191, a binary coding unit 192, and CABAC (Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding) 193.
- a context generation unit 191 for example, as shown in FIG. 14, the entropy coding unit 154 includes a context generation unit 191, a binary coding unit 192, and CABAC (Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding) 193.
- CABAC Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding
- the context generation unit 191 generates one or more contexts in accordance with the prediction coding result supplied from the prediction coding unit 153 and the state of the neighboring blocks, and defines a probability model for each.
- the binary encoding unit 192 binarizes the context output output from the context generation unit 191.
- the CABAC 193 performs arithmetic coding on the binarized context.
- the encoded data (encoded plane parameter) output from the CABAC 193 is supplied to the mode determination unit 134. Further, the CABAC 193 updates the probability model of the context generation unit 191 based on the coding result.
- step S101 the A / D conversion unit 101 A / D converts the input image.
- step S102 the screen rearrangement buffer 102 stores the image supplied from the A / D conversion unit 101, and performs rearrangement from the display order of each picture to the encoding order.
- step S103 the intra prediction unit 114 and the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 each perform image prediction processing. That is, in step S103, the intra prediction unit 114 performs intra prediction processing in the intra prediction mode. The motion prediction / compensation unit 115 performs motion prediction / compensation processing in the inter prediction mode.
- step S104 the selection unit 116 determines the optimal prediction mode based on the cost function values output from the intra prediction unit 114 and the motion prediction / compensation unit 115. That is, the selection unit 116 selects any one of the prediction image generated by the intra prediction unit 114 and the prediction image generated by the motion prediction / compensation unit 115.
- the selection information of the predicted image is supplied to the intra prediction unit 114 or the motion prediction / compensation unit 115.
- the intra prediction unit 114 supplies the information indicating the optimal intra prediction mode (that is, intra prediction mode information) to the lossless encoding unit 106.
- the intra prediction unit 114 when the prediction mode of the plane prediction image generation unit 132 that performs prediction using the original image is selected as the optimal intra prediction mode, the intra prediction unit 114 also performs lossless coding on the encoded data of the plane parameter predicted. It supplies to 106.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 When the predicted image in the optimal inter prediction mode is selected, the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 outputs, to the lossless encoding unit 106, information indicating the optimal inter prediction mode and, if necessary, information according to the optimal inter prediction mode Do.
- information according to the optimal inter prediction mode motion vector information, flag information, reference frame information and the like can be mentioned.
- step S105 the computing unit 103 computes the difference between the image rearranged in step S102 and the predicted image obtained by the prediction process in step S103.
- the prediction image is supplied from the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 in the case of inter prediction, and from the intra prediction unit 114 in the case of intra prediction, to the computation unit 103 via the selection unit 116.
- the amount of difference data is reduced compared to the original image data. Therefore, the amount of data can be compressed as compared to the case of encoding the image as it is.
- step S106 the orthogonal transformation unit 104 orthogonally transforms the difference information supplied from the calculation unit 103. Specifically, orthogonal transformation such as discrete cosine transformation and Karhunen-Loeve transformation is performed, and transformation coefficients are output.
- step S107 the quantization unit 105 quantizes the transform coefficient.
- step S108 the lossless encoding unit 106 encodes the quantized transform coefficient output from the quantization unit 105. That is, lossless coding such as variable-length coding or arithmetic coding is performed on the difference image (secondary difference image in the case of inter).
- the lossless encoding unit 106 encodes information on the prediction mode of the predicted image selected in the process of step S104, and adds the encoded information to header information of encoded data obtained by encoding a differential image.
- the lossless encoding unit 106 also encodes the intra prediction mode information supplied from the intra prediction unit 114 or the information corresponding to the optimal inter prediction mode supplied from the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 and adds to the header information. Do. Further, when the encoded data of the plane parameter is supplied from the intra prediction unit 114, the lossless encoding unit 106 also adds the encoded data to header information or the like of the encoded data.
- step S109 the accumulation buffer 107 accumulates the encoded data output from the lossless encoding unit 106.
- the encoded data accumulated in the accumulation buffer 107 is appropriately read and transmitted to the decoding side via the transmission path.
- step S110 the rate control unit 117 controls the rate of the quantization operation of the quantization unit 105 based on the compressed image stored in the storage buffer 107 so that overflow or underflow does not occur.
- the difference information quantized in the process of step S107 is locally decoded as follows. That is, in step S111, the inverse quantization unit 108 inversely quantizes the transform coefficient quantized by the quantization unit 105 with the characteristic corresponding to the characteristic of the quantization unit 105. In step S112, the inverse orthogonal transformation unit 109 inversely orthogonally transforms the transform coefficient inversely quantized by the inverse quantization unit 108 with the characteristic corresponding to the characteristic of the orthogonal transformation unit 104.
- step S113 operation unit 110 adds the predicted image input via selection unit 116 to the locally decoded difference information, and the locally decoded image (corresponding to the input to operation unit 103) Generate an image).
- step S114 the deblocking filter 111 filters the image output from the calculation unit 110. This removes blockiness.
- step S115 the frame memory 112 stores the filtered image. The image not subjected to filter processing by the deblocking filter 111 is also supplied from the arithmetic unit 110 to the frame memory 112 and stored.
- the intra prediction unit 114 performs intra prediction on the pixels of the block to be processed in all candidate intra prediction modes.
- this intra prediction mode includes both a mode in which prediction is performed using the reference image supplied from the frame memory 112 and a mode in which prediction is performed using the original image acquired from the screen rearrangement buffer 102.
- the image to be processed supplied from the screen rearrangement buffer 102 is an image to be inter processed
- the image to be referred to is read from the frame memory 112 and supplied to the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 via the selection unit 113. Ru.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 performs inter motion prediction processing based on these images. That is, the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 performs motion prediction processing of all candidate inter prediction modes with reference to the image supplied from the frame memory 112.
- step S133 the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 determines, from among the cost function values for the inter prediction mode calculated in step S132, the prediction mode giving the minimum value as the optimal inter prediction mode. Then, the motion prediction / compensation unit 115 supplies the difference between the image to be inter processed and the secondary difference information generated in the optimal inter prediction mode and the cost function value of the optimal inter prediction mode to the selection unit 116.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the flow of the intra prediction process performed in step S131 in FIG.
- step S151 the predicted image generation unit 131 generates a predicted image in each mode using pixels of neighboring blocks of the reference image supplied from the frame memory 112.
- step S152 the plane predicted image generation unit 132 generates a predicted image using the original image (original image) supplied from the screen rearrangement buffer 102.
- step S153 the cost function calculation unit 133 calculates a cost function value for each mode.
- step S154 the mode determination unit 134 determines the optimal mode for each intra prediction mode based on the cost function value of each mode calculated by the process of step S153.
- step S155 the mode determination unit 134 selects the optimal intra prediction mode based on the cost function value of each mode calculated by the process of step S153.
- the mode determination unit 134 supplies the prediction image generated in the mode selected as the optimal intra prediction mode to the calculation unit 103 and the calculation unit 110. Also, the mode determination unit 134 supplies the lossless encoding unit 106 with information indicating the selected prediction mode. Furthermore, when the mode determination unit 134 selects a mode for generating a predicted image using an original image, the mode determination unit 134 also supplies encoded data of plane parameters to the lossless encoding unit 106.
- the intra prediction unit 114 returns the process to step S131 of FIG. 16 and causes the processes of step S132 and subsequent steps to be performed.
- the plane approximation unit 151 (FIG. 8) of the plane predicted image generation unit 132 uses the original image read from the screen rearrangement buffer 102 in step S171 as described above.
- plane approximation is performed by solving the least squares method, and plane parameters of a plane approximating each pixel value of the processing target block are obtained.
- step S172 the plane generation unit 152 obtains, as a predicted value, each pixel value on the plane indicated by the plane parameter obtained by the process of step S171.
- step S173 the predictive coding unit 153 predictively encodes the plane parameter generated by the process of step S171.
- step S174 the entropy coding unit 154 entropy codes the prediction coding result.
- the plane prediction image generation unit 132 returns the process to step S152 of FIG. 17 and causes the processes after step S153 to be performed.
- the storage unit 171 (FIG. 12) of the predictive coding unit 153 stores the plane parameters obtained by the process of step S171 of FIG. 18 in step S191.
- step S192 the neighboring block parameter acquisition unit 172 acquires the plane parameters of the neighboring block stored in the storage unit 171.
- the prediction calculation unit 173 performs the prediction calculation as described above using the plane parameters of the neighboring blocks, and calculates the prediction value of the plane parameter of the processing target block.
- step S194 the encoding unit 174 obtains a difference (residual difference) between the predicted value calculated in step S193 and the plane parameter obtained by the process of step S171 in FIG.
- the result (coded data) is supplied to the entropy coding unit 154.
- step S194 ends, the prediction encoding unit 153 returns the process to step S173 of FIG. 18 and executes the processes of step S174 and subsequent steps.
- the plane prediction image generation unit 132 performs plane approximation using the original image itself, it is possible to improve the prediction accuracy more than in the case of mode 3 (plane prediction mode) of the conventional intra prediction mode. it can. Since such a mode is provided as the intra prediction mode, the image coding apparatus 100 can further improve the coding efficiency.
- the plane parameter is multiplexed to the header information of the encoded data, but the storage location of the plane parameter is arbitrary.
- the plane parameters may be stored in a parameter set (for example, a header of a sequence or a picture) such as SEI (Supplemental Enhancement Information).
- SEI Supplemental Enhancement Information
- the plane parameters may be transmitted from the image coding device to the image decoding device separately from the encoded data (as a separate file).
- Second embodiment> [Image decoding device]
- the encoded data encoded by the image encoding apparatus 100 described in the first embodiment is transmitted to an image decoding apparatus corresponding to the image encoding apparatus 100 via a predetermined transmission path and decoded. .
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing an example of the main configuration of an image decoding apparatus to which the present invention is applied.
- the image decoding apparatus 200 includes an accumulation buffer 201, a lossless decoding unit 202, an inverse quantization unit 203, an inverse orthogonal transformation unit 204, an operation unit 205, a deblock filter 206, a screen rearrangement buffer 207, A D / A conversion unit 208, a frame memory 209, a selection unit 210, an intra prediction unit 211, a motion prediction / compensation unit 212, and a selection unit 213 are included.
- the accumulation buffer 201 accumulates the transmitted encoded data.
- the encoded data is encoded by the image encoding device 100.
- the lossless decoding unit 202 decodes the encoded data read from the accumulation buffer 201 at a predetermined timing in a method corresponding to the encoding method of the lossless encoding unit 106 in FIG. 1.
- the inverse quantization unit 203 inversely quantizes the coefficient data obtained by decoding by the lossless decoding unit 202 using a method corresponding to the quantization method of the quantization unit 105 in FIG.
- the inverse quantization unit 203 supplies the inversely quantized coefficient data to the inverse orthogonal transformation unit 204.
- the inverse orthogonal transformation unit 204 performs inverse orthogonal transformation on the coefficient data by a method corresponding to the orthogonal transformation method of the orthogonal transformation unit 104 in FIG. 1 and corresponds to residual data before orthogonal transformation in the image encoding device 100. To obtain decoded residual data.
- the decoded residual data obtained by the inverse orthogonal transform is supplied to the arithmetic unit 205. Further, the prediction image is supplied to the calculation unit 205 from the intra prediction unit 211 or the motion prediction / compensation unit 212 via the selection unit 213.
- Arithmetic unit 205 adds the decoded residual data and the predicted image to obtain decoded image data corresponding to the image data before the predicted image is subtracted by arithmetic unit 103 of image coding apparatus 100.
- the operation unit 205 supplies the decoded image data to the deblocking filter 206.
- the deblocking filter 206 removes block distortion of the decoded image, and then supplies it to the frame memory 209 for storage and also supplies it to the screen rearrangement buffer 207.
- the screen rearrangement buffer 207 rearranges the images. That is, the order of the frames rearranged for the order of encoding by the screen rearrangement buffer 102 in FIG. 1 is rearranged in the order of the original display.
- the D / A conversion unit 208 D / A converts the image supplied from the screen rearrangement buffer 207, and outputs the image to a display (not shown) for display.
- the selection unit 210 reads out the image to be inter-processed and the image to be referred to from the frame memory 209, and supplies the image to the motion prediction / compensation unit 212. In addition, the selection unit 210 reads an image used for intra prediction from the frame memory 209 and supplies the image to the intra prediction unit 211.
- the intra prediction unit 211 is appropriately supplied with information indicating an intra prediction mode obtained by decoding header information, information on a plane parameter, and the like from the lossless decoding unit 202.
- the intra prediction unit 211 generates a prediction image based on this information, and supplies the generated prediction image to the selection unit 213.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 212 acquires information (prediction mode information, motion vector information, reference frame information) obtained by decoding the header information from the lossless decoding unit 202.
- information indicating the inter prediction mode
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 212 generates a prediction image based on the inter motion vector information from the lossless decoding unit 202, and supplies the generated prediction image to the selection unit 213. .
- the selection unit 213 selects the prediction image generated by the motion prediction / compensation unit 212 or the intra prediction unit 211, and supplies the prediction image to the calculation unit 205.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary main configuration of the intra prediction unit 211 in FIG.
- the intra prediction unit 211 includes an intra prediction mode determination unit 221, a prediction image generation unit 222, an entropy decoding unit 223, a prediction decoding unit 224, and a plane generation unit 225.
- the intra prediction mode determination unit 221 determines the intra prediction mode based on the information supplied from the lossless decoding unit 202. In the case of a mode for generating a prediction image using a reference image, the intra prediction mode determination unit 221 controls the prediction image generation unit 222 to generate a prediction image. In the case of a mode in which a prediction image is generated from plane parameters, the intra prediction mode determination unit 221 supplies, to the entropy decoding unit 223, plane parameters supplied together with information on the intra prediction mode.
- the predicted image generation unit 222 acquires the reference image of the neighboring block from the frame memory 209, and uses the pixel values of the neighboring pixels in a method similar to that of the predicted image generation unit 131 (FIG. 3) of the image coding apparatus 100. Generate a prediction image. The predicted image generation unit 222 supplies the generated predicted image to the calculation unit 205.
- the plane parameters supplied to the entropy decoding unit 223 via the intra prediction mode determination unit 221 are entropy coded by the entropy coding unit 154 (FIG. 8).
- the entropy decoding unit 223 performs entropy decoding on the plane parameter by a method corresponding to the entropy coding method.
- the entropy decoding unit 223 supplies the decoded plane parameter to the prediction decoding unit 224.
- the plane parameters supplied from the entropy decoding unit 223 are predictively encoded by the predictive encoding unit 153 (FIG. 8).
- the predictive decoding unit 224 predictively decodes the plane parameter by a method corresponding to the predictive coding method.
- the predictive decoding unit 224 supplies the decoded plane parameter to the plane generation unit 225.
- the plane generation unit 225 generates a predicted image in which the approximate plane indicated by the plane parameters (a, b, c) is represented by pixel values in the same manner as the plane generation unit 152 (FIG. 8).
- the plane generation unit 225 supplies the generated predicted image to the calculation unit 205.
- FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing an example of a main configuration of the predictive decoding unit 224 in FIG.
- the prediction decoding unit 224 includes a neighboring block parameter acquisition unit 231, a prediction calculation unit 232, a decoding unit 233, and a storage unit 234.
- This configuration is basically the same as the configuration of the predictive coding unit 153 described with reference to FIG.
- the storage unit 234 stores the decoding result.
- the neighboring block parameter acquisition unit 231 acquires the plane parameters of the neighboring block (neighboring block) of the processing target block stored in the storage unit 234 when the plane parameter of the processing target block subjected to prediction coding is supplied. Do. This plane parameter has already been decoded.
- the neighboring block parameter acquisition unit 231 supplies the acquired plane parameter to the prediction calculation unit 232.
- the prediction calculation unit 232 performs the same prediction calculation as the prediction calculation unit 173, and calculates the prediction value of the plane parameter of the processing target block from the supplied plane parameter of the neighboring block.
- the prediction calculation unit 232 supplies the calculated prediction value to the decoding unit 233.
- the decoding unit 233 decodes the plane parameter by adding the prediction value supplied from the prediction calculation unit 232 to the prediction encoded plane parameter supplied from the entropy decoding unit 223.
- the decoding unit 233 supplies the decoding result (decoded plane parameter) to the plane generation unit 225.
- the decoding unit 233 supplies the decoded plane parameter to the storage unit 234 and stores it.
- step S201 the accumulation buffer 201 accumulates the transmitted encoded data.
- step S202 the lossless decoding unit 202 decodes the encoded data supplied from the accumulation buffer 201. That is, the I picture, P picture, and B picture encoded by the lossless encoding unit 106 in FIG. 1 are decoded.
- motion vector information reference frame information
- prediction mode information intra prediction mode or inter prediction mode
- flag information plane parameters and the like
- the prediction mode information is intra prediction mode information
- the prediction mode information is supplied to the intra prediction unit 211.
- the prediction mode information is inter prediction mode information
- motion vector information corresponding to the prediction mode information is supplied to the motion prediction / compensation unit 212.
- the plane parameter is supplied to the intra prediction unit 211.
- step S203 the inverse quantization unit 203 inversely quantizes the transform coefficient decoded by the lossless decoding unit 202 with a characteristic corresponding to the characteristic of the quantization unit 105 in FIG.
- step S204 the inverse orthogonal transform unit 204 performs inverse orthogonal transform on the transform coefficient inversely quantized by the inverse quantization unit 203 with a characteristic corresponding to the characteristic of the orthogonal transform unit 104 in FIG.
- the difference information corresponding to the input (the output of the arithmetic unit 103) of the orthogonal transform unit 104 in FIG. 1 is decoded.
- step S205 the intra prediction unit 211 or the motion prediction / compensation unit 212 performs image prediction processing corresponding to the prediction mode information supplied from the lossless decoding unit 202.
- the intra prediction unit 211 when intra prediction mode information is supplied from the lossless decoding unit 202, the intra prediction unit 211 performs intra prediction processing in the intra prediction mode. Further, when the plane parameter is also supplied from the lossless decoding unit 202, the intra prediction unit 211 performs an intra prediction process using the plane parameter.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 212 performs motion prediction processing in the inter prediction mode.
- step S206 the selection unit 213 selects a predicted image. That is, the selection unit 213 is supplied with the prediction image generated by the intra prediction unit 211 or the prediction image generated by the motion prediction / compensation unit 212. The selection unit 213 selects one of them. The selected predicted image is supplied to the calculation unit 205.
- step S207 the computing unit 205 adds the predicted image selected in the process of step S206 to the difference information obtained in the process of step S204.
- the original image data is thus decoded.
- step S208 the deblocking filter 206 filters the decoded image data supplied from the computing unit 205. This removes blockiness.
- step S209 the frame memory 209 stores the filtered decoded image data.
- step S210 the screen rearrangement buffer 207 rearranges the frames of the decoded image data. That is, the order of the frames of the decoded image data rearranged for encoding by the screen rearrangement buffer 102 (FIG. 1) of the image encoding device 100 is rearranged to the original display order.
- step S211 the D / A conversion unit 208 performs D / A conversion on the decoded image data in which the frames are rearranged in the screen rearrangement buffer 207.
- the decoded image data is output to a display (not shown) and the image is displayed.
- the lossless decoding unit 202 determines whether intra coding is performed based on the intra prediction mode information. If it is determined that intra coding is performed, the lossless decoding unit 202 supplies intra prediction mode information to the intra prediction unit 211, and the process proceeds to step S232. When the plane parameter is present, the lossless decoding unit 202 also supplies the plane parameter to the intra prediction unit 211.
- step S232 the intra prediction unit 211 performs intra prediction processing.
- the intra prediction unit 211 returns the process to step S205 of FIG. 23 and causes the processes after step S206 to be performed.
- step S231 when it is determined in step S231 that inter coding is performed, the lossless decoding unit 202 supplies the inter prediction mode information to the motion prediction / compensation unit 212, and the process proceeds to step S233.
- step S233 the motion prediction / compensation unit 212 performs inter motion prediction / compensation processing.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 212 returns the process to step S205 of FIG. 23 and executes the processes of step S206 and subsequent steps.
- the intra prediction mode determination unit 221 When the intra prediction process is started, in step S251, the intra prediction mode determination unit 221 performs an original prediction process from the plane parameters generated from the original image (original image) supplied from the image encoding device 100. It is determined whether it is image prediction processing. If it is determined that the original image prediction processing is performed based on the intra prediction mode information supplied from the lossless decoding unit 202, the intra prediction mode determination unit 221 causes the process to proceed to step S252.
- step S252 the intra prediction mode determination unit 221 acquires plane parameters from the lossless decoding unit 202.
- step S253 the entropy decoding unit 223 performs entropy decoding on the plane parameter.
- step S254 the prediction decoding unit 224 performs prediction decoding on the entropy-decoded plane parameter.
- step S255 the plane generation unit 225 obtains each pixel value on the plane indicated by the decoded plane parameter.
- step S255 the intra prediction unit 211 returns the process to step S232 of FIG. 24 and repeats the process thereafter.
- step S251 If it is determined in step S251 that the original image prediction process is not performed, the intra prediction mode determination unit 221 causes the process to proceed to step S256.
- step S256 the prediction image generation unit 222 acquires a reference image from the frame memory 209, and performs neighborhood prediction processing to predict a processing target block from neighboring pixels included in the reference image.
- the intra prediction unit 211 returns the process to step S232 of FIG. 24 and repeats the process thereafter.
- the neighboring block parameter acquisition unit 231 acquires plane parameters of the neighboring block from the storage unit 234 in step S271.
- step S272 the prediction calculation unit 232 performs prediction calculation using the acquired plane parameter of the neighboring block to predict the plane parameter of the processing target block.
- step S273 the decoding unit 233 adds the prediction calculation result to the prediction encoded plane parameter and decodes the plane parameter.
- step S274 the storage unit 234 stores the decoded plane parameter.
- the image decoding apparatus 200 uses the original image itself in the image coding apparatus 100.
- the encoded data encoded in the performed intra prediction mode can be decoded. That is, the image decoding apparatus 200 can decode the encoded data encoded in the intra prediction mode with high prediction accuracy.
- the prediction decoding unit 224 can decode the plane parameter that has been predictively coded. That is, the image decoding apparatus 200 can perform the decoding process using the plane parameter whose data amount has been reduced.
- the entropy decoding unit 223 can decode entropy-coded plane parameters. That is, the image decoding apparatus 200 can perform the decoding process using the plane parameter whose data amount has been reduced.
- the image decoding apparatus 200 can further improve the coding efficiency.
- the prediction value of the plane parameter of the processing target block is calculated using the plane parameter of the neighboring block already calculated as the prediction encoding method of the plane parameter. And the method of subtracting the predicted value from the value of the actual plane parameter has been described.
- the prediction encoding method of the plane parameter may be other than this.
- plane parameters of the processing target block calculated in mode 3 (plane prediction mode) of the intra 16 ⁇ 16 prediction mode may be used as a prediction value.
- plane mode mode 3 of the intra 16 ⁇ 16 prediction mode
- FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing a main configuration example of the predictive coding unit 153 of the image coding device 100 in this case.
- the predictive coding unit 153 includes a plane mode parameter acquisition unit 301 and a coding unit 302.
- the plane mode parameter acquisition unit 301 acquires plane parameters of the processing target block from the plane approximation unit 151
- the plane mode parameter acquisition unit 301 acquires plane parameters of the processing target block generated by the prediction image generation unit 131 by intra prediction in the plane mode.
- the plane mode parameter acquisition unit 301 supplies the acquired plane parameters of the plane mode to the encoding unit 302.
- the encoding unit 302 sets the plane parameter of the plane mode supplied from the plane mode parameter acquisition unit 301 as a prediction value, and subtracts the prediction value of the plane parameter of the processing target block generated by the plane approximation unit 151 to obtain a plane. Encode the parameters
- the encoding unit 302 subtracts the plane parameters a, b, and c by the respective predicted values.
- the coding unit 302 supplies the prediction coding result to the entropy coding unit 154.
- the plane mode parameter acquisition unit 301 acquires plane parameters of the plane mode of the intra 16 ⁇ 16 prediction mode in step S301.
- step S302 the encoding unit 302 sets the plane parameter of the plane mode of the intra 16 ⁇ 16 prediction mode as the prediction value, and the residual of the plane parameter and the prediction value obtained by the plane approximation unit 151 as the prediction coding result Ask.
- step S302 ends, the predictive coding unit 153 returns the process to step S173 of FIG. 18 and causes the processes of step S174 and subsequent steps to be performed.
- the image coding apparatus 100 can reduce the data amount of the plane parameter, and can further improve the coding efficiency.
- FIG. 29 is a block diagram showing a main configuration example of the prediction decoding unit 224 of the image decoding device 200 in this case.
- the predictive decoding unit 224 has a plane mode plane parameter generation unit 321 and a decoding unit 322.
- the plane mode plane parameter generation unit 321 acquires plane parameters of the processing target block subjected to entropy decoding from the entropy decoding unit 223, the intra 16 ⁇ 16 prediction mode is generated using the reference image of the neighboring block supplied from the frame memory 209. Generate plane parameters of the plane mode of.
- the plane mode plane parameter generation unit 321 generates plane parameters in the same manner as in the case where the predicted image generation unit 131 of the image coding apparatus 100 generates plane parameters in the plane mode of the intra 16 ⁇ 16 prediction mode.
- the plane mode plane parameter generation unit 321 supplies the generated plane parameter to the decoding unit 322.
- the decoding unit 322 sets the plane parameter of the plane mode of the intra 16 ⁇ 16 prediction mode generated by the plane mode plane parameter generation unit 321 as a prediction value.
- the decoding unit 322 adds the prediction value to the plane parameter of the block to be processed which has been subjected to the prediction coding and supplied from the entropy decoding unit 223.
- the decoding unit 322 adds the prediction values to the plane parameters a, b, c that have been predictively coded.
- the decoding unit 322 supplies the prediction decoding result to the plane generation unit 225.
- the plane mode plane parameter generation unit 321 obtains plane parameters in plane mode of the intra 16 ⁇ 16 prediction mode in step S321.
- step S322 the decoding unit 322 adds the plane parameter of the plane mode of the intra 16 ⁇ 16 prediction mode calculated by the process of step S321 to the plane parameter subjected to prediction coding and decodes the plane parameter.
- step S322 ends, the predictive decoding unit 224 returns the process to step S254 of FIG. 25 and causes the processes of step S255 and subsequent steps to be performed.
- the prediction decoding unit 224 can decode the plane parameter predicted and encoded by the prediction encoding unit 153 of the image encoding device 100.
- the image decoding apparatus 200 can reduce the data amount of the plane parameter, and can further improve the coding efficiency.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram for explaining an example of the state of conversion processing.
- the image coding apparatus 100 extracts, for the color difference signal, DC components of adjacent 2 ⁇ 2 blocks orthogonally transformed, and converts them into 2 ⁇ Further orthogonal transform is performed as one block of two.
- the image coding apparatus 100 uses this mechanism to generate a 2 ⁇ 2 block 341 using plane parameters a, b and c, and orthogonally transforms it.
- the upper left value is c
- the upper right value is a
- the lower left value is b
- the lower right value is 0.
- the image coding apparatus 100 can further improve the coding efficiency.
- FIG. 32 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the plane predicted image generation unit 132 in this case. Also in this case, the plane prediction image generation unit 132 basically has the same configuration as that described with reference to FIG. 8.
- a transform unit 363 is provided instead of the prediction encoding unit 153.
- the transform unit 363 generates a 2 ⁇ 2 block using the plane parameters generated by the plane approximation unit 151 as described with reference to FIG. 31B, and orthogonally transforms the block.
- the transform unit 363 supplies the coefficient data obtained by the orthogonal transform to the entropy coding unit 154.
- the entropy coding unit 154 performs entropy coding on the coefficient data supplied from the conversion unit 363.
- FIG. 33 is a block diagram showing a main configuration example of the conversion unit 363. As shown in FIG.
- the transform unit 363 has a 2 ⁇ 2 block formation unit 371 and an orthogonal transform unit 372.
- the 2 ⁇ 2 block formation unit 371 adds the value “0” to the plane parameters a, b, and c supplied from the plane approximation unit 151, and forms a 2 ⁇ 2 block as illustrated in B of FIG.
- the 2 ⁇ 2 block formation unit 371 supplies the 2 ⁇ 2 block to the orthogonal transform unit 372.
- the orthogonal transformation unit 372 orthogonally transforms the 2 ⁇ 2 block supplied from the 2 ⁇ 2 block formation unit 371.
- the orthogonal transform unit 372 supplies the generated coefficient data to the entropy coding unit 154.
- the plane approximation unit 151 performs plane approximation in step S341 to obtain plane parameters.
- the plane generation unit 152 obtains each pixel value on the plane indicated by the plane parameter.
- step S343 the transforming unit 363 orthogonally transforms the plane parameters obtained by the process of step S341 as shown in B of FIG.
- step S344 the entropy coding unit 154 entropy codes the plane parameter orthogonally transformed in step S343.
- the plane predicted image generation unit 132 ends the predicted image generation process, returns the process to FIG. 17, and executes the processes after step S153.
- the 2 ⁇ 2 block formation unit 371 adds the value “0” to the plane parameter in step S 361 to make it a 2 ⁇ 2 block as shown in B of FIG.
- step S362 the orthogonal transformation unit 372 orthogonally transforms the 2 ⁇ 2 block.
- the conversion unit 363 returns the process to FIG. 34, and executes the processes after step S345.
- the plane prediction image generation unit 132 can reduce the data amount of the plane parameter by forming 2 ⁇ 2 blocks using each value of the plane parameter and orthogonally transforming it. That is, the image coding apparatus 100 can further improve the coding efficiency.
- FIG. 36 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary main configuration of the intra prediction unit 211 of the image decoding device 200 in this case.
- the intra prediction unit 211 in this case basically has the same configuration as that of FIG. 21, but has an inverse transform unit 384 instead of the prediction decoding unit 224.
- the data obtained by entropy decoding by the entropy decoding unit 223 is coefficient data orthogonally transformed by the transformation unit 363 (FIG. 32) of the image coding apparatus 100.
- the inverse transform unit 384 performs inverse orthogonal transform on the coefficient data supplied from the entropy decoding unit 223 by a method corresponding to the transform unit 363.
- the inverse transform unit 384 supplies the plane parameter obtained by the inverse orthogonal transform to the plane generation unit 225.
- FIG. 37 is a block diagram showing a main configuration example of the inverse transform unit 384. As shown in FIG.
- the inverse transform unit 384 has an inverse orthogonal transform unit 391 and a plane parameter extraction unit 392.
- the inverse orthogonal transform unit 391 performs inverse orthogonal transform on the coefficient data supplied from the entropy decoding unit 223 by a method corresponding to the transform unit 363.
- the inverse orthogonal transform unit 391 supplies the 2 ⁇ 2 block subjected to the inverse orthogonal transform to the plane parameter extraction unit 392.
- the plane parameter extraction unit 392 extracts plane parameters a, b and c from the 2 ⁇ 2 block, and supplies them to the plane generation unit 225.
- This intra prediction process is basically performed in the same manner as the case described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. That is, the processes of steps S371 to S373, and steps S375 and S376 are performed in the same manner as the processes of steps S251 to S253, and steps S255 and S256 of FIG.
- step S 374 the inverse transform unit 384 performs inverse orthogonal transform on the entropy-decoded 2 ⁇ 2 block to obtain each value of the plane parameter.
- the inverse orthogonal transformation unit 391 When inverse transformation processing is started, the inverse orthogonal transformation unit 391 performs inverse orthogonal transformation on the 2 ⁇ 2 block in step S391. In step S392, the plane parameter extraction unit 392 extracts plane parameters a, b and c from the 2 ⁇ 2 block.
- the inverse transformation unit 384 ends the inverse transformation process, returns the process to FIG. 38, and proceeds to step S375.
- the inverse transform unit 384 can perform inverse orthogonal transform on the orthogonally transformed 2 ⁇ 2 block to extract plane parameters.
- the intra prediction unit 211 can reduce the data amount of the plane parameter. That is, the image decoding apparatus 200 can further improve the coding efficiency.
- the image coding apparatus 100 supplies plane parameters to the image decoding apparatus 200 by including it in coded data obtained by coding image data (residual information).
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the image coding apparatus 100 may supply the plane parameter to the image decoding apparatus 200 separately from the coded data.
- Macroblock Although the macro blocks of 16 ⁇ 16 or less are described above, the size of the macro block may be larger than 16 ⁇ 16.
- the present invention can be applied to macroblocks of any size, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the present invention can be applied not only to macroblocks such as normal 16 ⁇ 16 pixels but also to extended macroblocks (extended macroblocks) such as 32 ⁇ 32 pixels.
- a macro block configured of 32 ⁇ 32 pixels divided into blocks (partitions) of 32 ⁇ 32 pixels, 32 ⁇ 16 pixels, 16 ⁇ 32 pixels, and 16 ⁇ 16 pixels Are shown in order. Also, in the middle, from the left, a block composed of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels divided into blocks of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels, 16 ⁇ 8 pixels, 8 ⁇ 16 pixels, and 8 ⁇ 8 pixels is shown in order . Furthermore, in the lower part, 8 ⁇ 8 pixel blocks divided into 8 ⁇ 8 pixels, 8 ⁇ 4 pixels, 4 ⁇ 8 pixels, and 4 ⁇ 4 pixel blocks are sequentially shown from the left.
- the macro block of 32 ⁇ 32 pixels can be processed in the block of 32 ⁇ 32 pixels, 32 ⁇ 16 pixels, 16 ⁇ 32 pixels, and 16 ⁇ 16 pixels shown in the upper row.
- the block of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels shown on the right side of the upper row is H.264. Similar to the H.264 / AVC system, processing is possible with blocks of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels, 16 ⁇ 8 pixels, 8 ⁇ 16 pixels, and 8 ⁇ 8 pixels shown in the middle.
- the block of 8 ⁇ 8 pixels shown on the right side of the middle row is H.264. Similar to the H.264 / AVC system, processing is possible with blocks of 8 ⁇ 8 pixels, 8 ⁇ 4 pixels, 4 ⁇ 8 pixels, and 4 ⁇ 4 pixels shown in the lower part.
- blocks of 32 ⁇ 32 pixels, 32 ⁇ 16 pixels, and 16 ⁇ 32 pixels shown in the upper part of FIG. 40 are referred to as the first hierarchy.
- the block of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels shown on the right side of the upper row and the block of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels, 16 ⁇ 8 pixels, and 8 ⁇ 16 pixels shown in the middle row are referred to as the second hierarchy.
- the 8 ⁇ 8 pixel block shown on the right side of the middle stage and the 8 ⁇ 8 pixel, 8 ⁇ 4 pixel, 4 ⁇ 8 pixel and 4 ⁇ 4 pixel block shown on the lower stage are referred to as the third hierarchy.
- the H.264 and H.264 blocks are obtained for blocks of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels or less. Larger blocks can be defined as supersets while maintaining compatibility with the H.264 / AVC scheme.
- the CPU 501 of the personal computer 500 executes various processes in accordance with a program stored in a ROM (Read Only Memory) 502 or a program loaded from a storage unit 513 to a RAM (Random Access Memory) 503.
- the RAM 503 also appropriately stores data and the like necessary for the CPU 501 to execute various processes.
- the CPU 501, the ROM 502, and the RAM 503 are connected to one another via a bus 504.
- An input / output interface 510 is also connected to the bus 504.
- the input / output interface 510 includes an input unit 511 such as a keyboard and a mouse, a display such as a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) or an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), an output unit 512 such as a speaker, and a hard disk.
- a communication unit 514 including a storage unit 513 and a modem is connected. The communication unit 514 performs communication processing via a network including the Internet.
- a drive 515 is also connected to the input / output interface 510 as necessary, and removable media 521 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, or a semiconductor memory are appropriately attached, and a computer program read from them is It is installed in the storage unit 513 as necessary.
- a program that configures the software is installed from a network or a recording medium.
- this recording medium is a magnetic disk (including a flexible disk) on which a program is recorded, which is distributed for distributing the program to the user separately from the apparatus main body, an optical disk ( It consists only of removable media 521 consisting of CD-ROM (Compact Disc-Read Only Memory), DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), Magneto-Optical Disc (including MD (Mini Disc), or semiconductor memory etc. Instead, it is composed of the ROM 502 in which the program is recorded, which is distributed to the user in a state of being incorporated in the apparatus main body, a hard disk included in the storage unit 513, and the like.
- the program executed by the computer may be a program that performs processing in chronological order according to the order described in this specification, in parallel, or when necessary, such as when a call is made. It may be a program to be processed.
- the step of describing the program to be recorded on the recording medium is not limited to processing performed chronologically in the order described, but not necessarily parallel processing It also includes processing to be executed individually.
- system represents the entire apparatus configured by a plurality of devices (apparatus).
- the configuration described above as one device (or processing unit) may be divided and configured as a plurality of devices (or processing units).
- the configuration described as a plurality of devices (or processing units) in the above may be collectively configured as one device (or processing unit).
- configurations other than those described above may be added to the configuration of each device (or each processing unit).
- part of the configuration of one device (or processing unit) may be included in the configuration of another device (or other processing unit) if the configuration or operation of the entire system is substantially the same. . That is, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the image encoding device 100 and the image decoding device 200 described above can be applied to any electronic device.
- the example will be described below.
- FIG. 42 is a block diagram showing a main configuration example of a television receiver using the image decoding apparatus 200 to which the present invention is applied.
- the television receiver 1000 shown in FIG. 42 includes a terrestrial tuner 1013, a video decoder 1015, a video signal processing circuit 1018, a graphic generation circuit 1019, a panel drive circuit 1020, and a display panel 1021.
- the terrestrial tuner 1013 receives a broadcast wave signal of terrestrial analog broadcasting via an antenna, demodulates it, acquires a video signal, and supplies it to a video decoder 1015.
- the video decoder 1015 performs decoding processing on the video signal supplied from the terrestrial tuner 1013, and supplies the obtained digital component signal to the video signal processing circuit 1018.
- the video signal processing circuit 1018 performs predetermined processing such as noise removal on the video data supplied from the video decoder 1015, and supplies the obtained video data to the graphic generation circuit 1019.
- the graphic generation circuit 1019 generates video data of a program to be displayed on the display panel 1021, image data by processing based on an application supplied via a network, and the like, and transmits the generated video data and image data to the panel drive circuit 1020. Supply. Also, the graphic generation circuit 1019 generates video data (graphic) for displaying a screen used by the user for item selection and the like, and a video obtained by superimposing it on video data of a program. A process of supplying data to the panel drive circuit 1020 is also performed as appropriate.
- the panel drive circuit 1020 drives the display panel 1021 based on the data supplied from the graphic generation circuit 1019 and causes the display panel 1021 to display the video of the program and the various screens described above.
- the display panel 1021 is formed of an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or the like, and displays an image or the like of a program according to control of the panel drive circuit 1020.
- LCD Liquid Crystal Display
- the television receiver 1000 also includes an audio A / D (Analog / Digital) conversion circuit 1014, an audio signal processing circuit 1022, an echo cancellation / audio synthesis circuit 1023, an audio amplification circuit 1024, and a speaker 1025.
- an audio A / D (Analog / Digital) conversion circuit 1014 An audio signal processing circuit 1022, an echo cancellation / audio synthesis circuit 1023, an audio amplification circuit 1024, and a speaker 1025.
- the terrestrial tuner 1013 acquires not only a video signal but also an audio signal by demodulating the received broadcast wave signal.
- the terrestrial tuner 1013 supplies the acquired audio signal to the audio A / D conversion circuit 1014.
- the audio A / D conversion circuit 1014 performs A / D conversion processing on the audio signal supplied from the terrestrial tuner 1013, and supplies the obtained digital audio signal to the audio signal processing circuit 1022.
- the audio signal processing circuit 1022 performs predetermined processing such as noise removal on the audio data supplied from the audio A / D conversion circuit 1014, and supplies the obtained audio data to the echo cancellation / audio synthesis circuit 1023.
- the echo cancellation / voice synthesis circuit 1023 supplies the voice data supplied from the voice signal processing circuit 1022 to the voice amplification circuit 1024.
- the voice amplification circuit 1024 subjects the voice data supplied from the echo cancellation / voice synthesis circuit 1023 to D / A conversion processing and amplification processing, adjusts the volume to a predetermined level, and outputs voice from the speaker 1025.
- the television receiver 1000 also includes a digital tuner 1016 and an MPEG decoder 1017.
- a digital tuner 1016 receives a broadcast wave signal of digital broadcast (terrestrial digital broadcast, BS (Broadcasting Satellite) / CS (Communications Satellite) digital broadcast) via an antenna, and demodulates the signal, and generates an MPEG-TS (Moving Picture Experts Group). -Transport Stream) and supply it to the MPEG decoder 1017.
- digital broadcast terrestrial digital broadcast, BS (Broadcasting Satellite) / CS (Communications Satellite) digital broadcast
- MPEG-TS Motion Picture Experts Group
- the MPEG decoder 1017 unscrambles the MPEG-TS supplied from the digital tuner 1016, and extracts a stream including data of a program to be reproduced (targeted to be viewed).
- the MPEG decoder 1017 decodes the audio packet forming the extracted stream, supplies the obtained audio data to the audio signal processing circuit 1022, decodes the video packet forming the stream, and outputs the obtained video data as an image.
- the signal processing circuit 1018 is supplied.
- the MPEG decoder 1017 supplies EPG (Electronic Program Guide) data extracted from the MPEG-TS to the CPU 1032 via a path (not shown).
- EPG Electronic Program Guide
- the television receiver 1000 uses the above-described image decoding apparatus 200 as the MPEG decoder 1017 that decodes video packets in this manner.
- the MPEG-TS transmitted from the broadcast station or the like is encoded by the image encoding device 100.
- the MPEG decoder 1017 As in the case of the image decoding apparatus 200, the MPEG decoder 1017 generates a predicted image using plane parameters extracted from the encoded data supplied from the image coding apparatus 100, and uses the predicted image to obtain residual information To generate decoded image data. Therefore, the MPEG decoder 1017 can further improve the coding efficiency.
- the video data supplied from the MPEG decoder 1017 is subjected to predetermined processing in the video signal processing circuit 1018 as in the case of the video data supplied from the video decoder 1015, and the video data generated in the graphic generation circuit 1019. Etc. are appropriately superimposed and supplied to the display panel 1021 via the panel drive circuit 1020, and the image is displayed.
- the audio data supplied from the MPEG decoder 1017 is subjected to predetermined processing in the audio signal processing circuit 1022 as in the case of the audio data supplied from the audio A / D conversion circuit 1014, and the echo cancellation / audio synthesis circuit 1023.
- the audio amplification circuit 1024 are supplied to the audio amplification circuit 1024 and subjected to D / A conversion processing and amplification processing.
- the sound adjusted to a predetermined volume is output from the speaker 1025.
- the television receiver 1000 also includes a microphone 1026 and an A / D conversion circuit 1027.
- the A / D conversion circuit 1027 receives the user's voice signal captured by the microphone 1026 provided in the television receiver 1000 for voice conversation, and performs A / D conversion processing on the received voice signal.
- the obtained digital voice data is supplied to an echo cancellation / voice synthesis circuit 1023.
- the echo cancellation / voice synthesis circuit 1023 performs echo cancellation on the voice data of the user A when the voice data of the user (user A) of the television receiver 1000 is supplied from the A / D conversion circuit 1027.
- the voice data obtained by synthesizing with other voice data is output from the speaker 1025 via the voice amplification circuit 1024.
- the television receiver 1000 further includes an audio codec 1028, an internal bus 1029, a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) 1030, a flash memory 1031, a CPU 1032, a universal serial bus (USB) I / F 1033, and a network I / F 1034.
- SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
- USB universal serial bus
- the A / D conversion circuit 1027 receives the user's voice signal captured by the microphone 1026 provided in the television receiver 1000 for voice conversation, and performs A / D conversion processing on the received voice signal.
- the obtained digital audio data is supplied to an audio codec 1028.
- the voice codec 1028 converts voice data supplied from the A / D conversion circuit 1027 into data of a predetermined format for transmission via the network, and supplies the data to the network I / F 1034 via the internal bus 1029.
- the network I / F 1034 is connected to the network via a cable attached to the network terminal 1035.
- the network I / F 1034 transmits voice data supplied from the voice codec 1028 to, for example, another device connected to the network.
- the network I / F 1034 receives, for example, voice data transmitted from another device connected via the network via the network terminal 1035, and transmits it to the voice codec 1028 via the internal bus 1029. Supply.
- the voice codec 1028 converts voice data supplied from the network I / F 1034 into data of a predetermined format, and supplies it to the echo cancellation / voice synthesis circuit 1023.
- the echo cancellation / voice synthesis circuit 1023 performs echo cancellation on voice data supplied from the voice codec 1028, and combines voice data obtained by combining with other voice data, etc., via the voice amplification circuit 1024. And output from the speaker 1025.
- the SDRAM 1030 stores various data necessary for the CPU 1032 to perform processing.
- the flash memory 1031 stores a program executed by the CPU 1032.
- the program stored in the flash memory 1031 is read by the CPU 1032 at a predetermined timing such as when the television receiver 1000 starts up.
- the flash memory 1031 also stores EPG data acquired via digital broadcasting, data acquired from a predetermined server via a network, and the like.
- the flash memory 1031 stores an MPEG-TS including content data acquired from a predetermined server via the network under the control of the CPU 1032.
- the flash memory 1031 supplies the MPEG-TS to the MPEG decoder 1017 via the internal bus 1029 under the control of the CPU 1032, for example.
- the MPEG decoder 1017 processes the MPEG-TS in the same manner as the MPEG-TS supplied from the digital tuner 1016. As described above, the television receiver 1000 receives content data including video and audio via the network, decodes the content data using the MPEG decoder 1017, displays the video, and outputs audio. Can.
- the television receiver 1000 also includes a light receiving unit 1037 that receives an infrared signal transmitted from the remote controller 1051.
- the light receiving unit 1037 receives the infrared light from the remote controller 1051, and outputs a control code representing the content of the user operation obtained by demodulation to the CPU 1032.
- the CPU 1032 executes a program stored in the flash memory 1031 and controls the overall operation of the television receiver 1000 according to a control code or the like supplied from the light receiving unit 1037.
- the CPU 1032 and each part of the television receiver 1000 are connected via a path (not shown).
- the USB I / F 1033 transmits / receives data to / from an external device of the television receiver 1000 connected via a USB cable attached to the USB terminal 1036.
- the network I / F 1034 is connected to the network via a cable attached to the network terminal 1035, and transmits / receives data other than voice data to / from various devices connected to the network.
- the television receiver 1000 can further improve the coding efficiency by using the image decoding device 200 as the MPEG decoder 1017. As a result, the television receiver 1000 can further improve the coding efficiency of broadcast wave signals received via an antenna and content data acquired via a network, and realize real-time processing at lower cost. can do.
- FIG. 43 is a block diagram showing a main configuration example of a mobile phone using the image encoding device 100 and the image decoding device 200 to which the present invention is applied.
- a cellular phone 1100 shown in FIG. 43 includes a main control unit 1150, a power supply circuit unit 1151, an operation input control unit 1152, an image encoder 1153, a camera I / F unit 1154, and an LCD control that are configured to control each unit in an integrated manner. It has a unit 1155, an image decoder 1156, a demultiplexing unit 1157, a recording / reproducing unit 1162, a modulation / demodulation circuit unit 1158, and an audio codec 1159. These are connected to one another via a bus 1160.
- the cellular phone 1100 further includes an operation key 1119, a CCD (Charge Coupled Devices) camera 1116, a liquid crystal display 1118, a storage portion 1123, a transmitting / receiving circuit portion 1163, an antenna 1114, a microphone (microphone) 1121, and a speaker 1117.
- CCD Charge Coupled Devices
- the power supply circuit unit 1151 starts the cellular phone 1100 in an operable state by supplying power from the battery pack to each unit.
- the cellular phone 1100 transmits and receives audio signals, transmits and receives e-mails and image data, and images in various modes such as a voice call mode and a data communication mode based on the control of the main control unit 1150 including CPU, ROM and RAM. Perform various operations such as shooting or data recording.
- the portable telephone 1100 converts an audio signal collected by the microphone (microphone) 1121 into digital audio data by the audio codec 1159, spread spectrum processes it by the modulation / demodulation circuit unit 1158, and transmits / receives A section 1163 performs digital-to-analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing.
- the cellular phone 1100 transmits the transmission signal obtained by the conversion process to a base station (not shown) via the antenna 1114.
- the transmission signal (voice signal) transmitted to the base station is supplied to the mobile phone of the other party via the public telephone network.
- the cellular phone 1100 amplifies the reception signal received by the antenna 1114 by the transmission / reception circuit unit 1163, further performs frequency conversion processing and analog-to-digital conversion processing, and the spectrum despreading processing by the modulation / demodulation circuit unit 1158. And converted into an analog voice signal by the voice codec 1159.
- the cellular phone 1100 outputs the analog audio signal obtained by the conversion from the speaker 1117.
- the cellular phone 1100 receives text data of the e-mail input by the operation of the operation key 1119 in the operation input control unit 1152.
- the portable telephone 1100 processes the text data in the main control unit 1150, and causes the liquid crystal display 1118 to display the text data as an image through the LCD control unit 1155.
- the mobile phone 1100 causes the main control unit 1150 to generate e-mail data based on the text data accepted by the operation input control unit 1152 and the user's instruction.
- the portable telephone 1100 performs spread spectrum processing on the electronic mail data in the modulation / demodulation circuit unit 1158, and performs digital / analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing in the transmission / reception circuit unit 1163.
- the cellular phone 1100 transmits the transmission signal obtained by the conversion process to a base station (not shown) via the antenna 1114.
- the transmission signal (e-mail) transmitted to the base station is supplied to a predetermined destination via a network, a mail server, and the like.
- the cellular phone 1100 receives a signal transmitted from the base station via the antenna 1114 by the transmission / reception circuit unit 1163, amplifies it, and further performs frequency conversion processing and Perform analog-to-digital conversion processing.
- the cellular phone 1100 despreads the received signal by the modulation / demodulation circuit unit 1158 to restore the original electronic mail data.
- the portable telephone 1100 displays the restored electronic mail data on the liquid crystal display 1118 via the LCD control unit 1155.
- the portable telephone 1100 can also record (store) the received electronic mail data in the storage unit 1123 via the recording / reproducing unit 1162.
- the storage unit 1123 is an arbitrary rewritable storage medium.
- the storage unit 1123 may be, for example, a semiconductor memory such as a RAM or a built-in flash memory, or may be a hard disk, or a removable disk such as a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, an optical disk, a USB memory, or a memory card It may be media. Of course, it may be something other than these.
- the cellular phone 1100 when transmitting image data in the data communication mode, the cellular phone 1100 generates image data with the CCD camera 1116 by imaging.
- the CCD camera 1116 has an optical device such as a lens or an aperture and a CCD as a photoelectric conversion element, picks up an object, converts the intensity of received light into an electrical signal, and generates image data of the image of the object.
- the CCD camera 1116 encodes the image data with the image encoder 1153 via the camera I / F unit 1154 and converts it into encoded image data.
- the cellular phone 1100 uses the above-described image encoding device 100 as the image encoder 1153 that performs such processing.
- the image encoder 1053 performs plane approximation using the pixel values of the processing target block itself of the original image, and generates a predicted image. By coding image data using such a predicted image, the image encoder 1053 can further improve the coding efficiency.
- the portable telephone 1100 analog-digital converts the voice collected by the microphone (microphone) 1121 during imaging by the CCD camera 1116 in the audio codec 1159, and further encodes it.
- the cellular phone 1100 multiplexes the encoded image data supplied from the image encoder 1153 and the digital audio data supplied from the audio codec 1159 according to a predetermined scheme in the demultiplexer 1157.
- the cellular phone 1100 performs spread spectrum processing on the multiplexed data obtained as a result by the modulation / demodulation circuit unit 1158, and performs digital / analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing by the transmission / reception circuit unit 1163.
- the cellular phone 1100 transmits the transmission signal obtained by the conversion process to a base station (not shown) via the antenna 1114.
- the transmission signal (image data) transmitted to the base station is supplied to the other party of communication via a network or the like.
- the cellular phone 1100 can also display the image data generated by the CCD camera 1116 on the liquid crystal display 1118 via the LCD control unit 1155 without passing through the image encoder 1153.
- the cellular phone 1100 transmits the signal transmitted from the base station to the transmitting / receiving circuit portion 1163 via the antenna 1114. Receive, amplify, and perform frequency conversion and analog-to-digital conversion. The cellular phone 1100 despreads the received signal by the modulation / demodulation circuit unit 1158 to restore the original multiplexed data. The portable telephone 1100 separates the multiplexed data in the multiplex separation unit 1157 and divides it into encoded image data and audio data.
- the cellular phone 1100 generates reproduction moving image data by decoding the encoded image data in the image decoder 1156, and causes the liquid crystal display 1118 to display this via the LCD control unit 1155. Thereby, for example, moving image data included in a moving image file linked to the simplified home page is displayed on the liquid crystal display 1118.
- the cellular phone 1100 uses the above-described image decoding apparatus 200 as the image decoder 1156 that performs such processing. That is, as in the case of the image decoding apparatus 200, the image decoder 1156 generates a predicted image using plane parameters extracted from the encoded data supplied from the image encoding apparatus 100, and uses the predicted image to generate a predicted image. Decoded image data is generated from the difference information. Therefore, the image decoder 1156 can further improve the coding efficiency.
- the portable telephone 1100 simultaneously converts digital audio data into an analog audio signal in the audio codec 1159 and causes the speaker 1117 to output the analog audio signal.
- audio data included in a moving image file linked to the simple homepage is reproduced.
- the cellular phone 1100 can also record (store) the data linked to the received simple home page or the like in the storage unit 1123 via the recording / reproducing unit 1162. .
- the main control unit 1150 can analyze the two-dimensional code obtained by the CCD camera 1116 by the main control unit 1150 and obtain the information recorded in the two-dimensional code.
- the cellular phone 1100 can communicate with an external device by infrared light through the infrared communication unit 1181.
- the mobile phone 1100 can further improve the coding efficiency when coding and transmitting, for example, image data generated by the CCD camera 1116 Processing can be realized at lower cost.
- the mobile phone 1100 can further improve the coding efficiency of data (coded data) of a moving image file linked to a simple homepage or the like, for example. Real-time processing can be realized at lower cost.
- CMOS image sensor CMOS image sensor
- CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
- the mobile phone 1100 has been described above, for example, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistants), a smart phone, a UMPC (Ultra Mobile Personal Computer), a netbook, a notebook personal computer, etc.
- the image encoding device 100 and the image decoding device 200 can be applied to any device having a communication function as in the case of the portable telephone 1100 regardless of the device.
- FIG. 44 is a block diagram showing a main configuration example of a hard disk recorder using the image encoding device 100 and the image decoding device 200 to which the present invention is applied.
- a hard disk recorder (HDD recorder) 1200 shown in FIG. 44 receives audio data and video data of a broadcast program included in a broadcast wave signal (television signal) transmitted by a satellite, a ground antenna, etc., received by a tuner. And an apparatus for storing the stored data in a built-in hard disk and providing the stored data to the user at timing according to the user's instruction.
- a broadcast wave signal television signal
- the hard disk recorder 1200 can extract, for example, audio data and video data from the broadcast wave signal, decode them appropriately, and store them in a built-in hard disk.
- the hard disk recorder 1200 can also acquire audio data and video data from another device via a network, decode these as appropriate, and store them in a built-in hard disk, for example.
- the hard disk recorder 1200 decodes, for example, audio data or video data recorded in the built-in hard disk and supplies it to the monitor 1260 to display the image on the screen of the monitor 1260. Can be output. Also, the hard disk recorder 1200 decodes, for example, audio data and video data extracted from a broadcast wave signal acquired via a tuner, or audio data and video data acquired from another device via a network. The image can be supplied to the monitor 1260 and the image can be displayed on the screen of the monitor 1260 and the sound can be output from the speaker of the monitor 1260.
- the hard disk recorder 1200 has a receiving unit 1221, a demodulating unit 1222, a demultiplexer 1223, an audio decoder 1224, a video decoder 1225, and a recorder control unit 1226.
- the hard disk recorder 1200 further includes an EPG data memory 1227, a program memory 1228, a work memory 1229, a display converter 1230, an on screen display (OSD) control unit 1231, a display control unit 1232, a recording and reproducing unit 1233, a D / A converter 1234, And a communication unit 1235.
- EPG data memory 1227 a program memory 1228, a work memory 1229, a display converter 1230, an on screen display (OSD) control unit 1231, a display control unit 1232, a recording and reproducing unit 1233, a D / A converter 1234, And a communication unit 1235.
- OSD on screen display
- the display converter 1230 also includes a video encoder 1241.
- the recording / reproducing unit 1233 has an encoder 1251 and a decoder 1252.
- the receiving unit 1221 receives an infrared signal from a remote controller (not shown), converts the signal into an electrical signal, and outputs the signal to the recorder control unit 1226.
- the recorder control unit 1226 is, for example, a microprocessor or the like, and executes various processes in accordance with a program stored in the program memory 1228. At this time, the recorder control unit 1226 uses the work memory 1229 as necessary.
- the communication unit 1235 is connected to a network and performs communication processing with another device via the network.
- the communication unit 1235 is controlled by the recorder control unit 1226, communicates with a tuner (not shown), and mainly outputs a channel selection control signal to the tuner.
- the demodulation unit 1222 demodulates the signal supplied from the tuner and outputs the signal to the demultiplexer 1223.
- the demultiplexer 1223 separates the data supplied from the demodulation unit 1222 into audio data, video data, and EPG data, and outputs the data to the audio decoder 1224, the video decoder 1225, or the recorder control unit 1226, respectively.
- the audio decoder 1224 decodes the input audio data and outputs the decoded audio data to the recording / reproducing unit 1233.
- the video decoder 1225 decodes the input video data and outputs the decoded video data to the display converter 1230.
- the recorder control unit 1226 supplies the input EPG data to the EPG data memory 1227 for storage.
- the display converter 1230 encodes the video data supplied from the video decoder 1225 or the recorder control unit 1226 into video data of, for example, a National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) system by the video encoder 1241 and outputs the video data to the recording / reproducing unit 1233.
- the display converter 1230 converts the screen size of the video data supplied from the video decoder 1225 or the recorder control unit 1226 into a size corresponding to the size of the monitor 1260 and converts the video data into NTSC video data by the video encoder 1241. , And converts it into an analog signal, and outputs it to the display control unit 1232.
- the display control unit 1232 superimposes the OSD signal output from the OSD (On Screen Display) control unit 1231 on the video signal input from the display converter 1230 under the control of the recorder control unit 1226, and displays it on the display of the monitor 1260. Output and display.
- OSD On Screen Display
- the audio data output from the audio decoder 1224 is also converted to an analog signal by the D / A converter 1234 and supplied to the monitor 1260.
- the monitor 1260 outputs this audio signal from the built-in speaker.
- the recording / reproducing unit 1233 has a hard disk as a storage medium for recording video data, audio data and the like.
- the recording / reproducing unit 1233 encodes, for example, the audio data supplied from the audio decoder 1224 by the encoder 1251. Also, the recording / reproducing unit 1233 encodes the video data supplied from the video encoder 1241 of the display converter 1230 by the encoder 1251. The recording / reproducing unit 1233 combines the encoded data of the audio data and the encoded data of the video data by the multiplexer. The recording / reproducing unit 1233 channel-codes and amplifies the synthesized data, and writes the data to the hard disk via the recording head.
- the recording and reproducing unit 1233 reproduces and amplifies the data recorded on the hard disk via the reproducing head, and separates the data into audio data and video data by the demultiplexer.
- the recording / reproducing unit 1233 decodes the audio data and the video data by the decoder 1252.
- the recording / reproducing unit 1233 D / A converts the decoded audio data, and outputs the converted data to a speaker of the monitor 1260. Also, the recording / reproducing unit 1233 D / A converts the decoded video data, and outputs it to the display of the monitor 1260.
- the recorder control unit 1226 reads the latest EPG data from the EPG data memory 1227 based on the user instruction indicated by the infrared signal from the remote controller received via the reception unit 1221, and supplies it to the OSD control unit 1231. Do.
- the OSD control unit 1231 generates image data corresponding to the input EPG data, and outputs the image data to the display control unit 1232.
- the display control unit 1232 outputs the video data input from the OSD control unit 1231 to the display of the monitor 1260 for display. As a result, an EPG (Electronic Program Guide) is displayed on the display of the monitor 1260.
- EPG Electronic Program Guide
- the hard disk recorder 1200 can also acquire various data such as video data, audio data, or EPG data supplied from another device via a network such as the Internet.
- the communication unit 1235 is controlled by the recorder control unit 1226, acquires encoded data such as video data, audio data, and EPG data transmitted from another device via the network, and supplies the encoded data to the recorder control unit 1226. Do.
- the recorder control unit 1226 supplies, for example, encoded data of the acquired video data and audio data to the recording and reproduction unit 1233 and causes the hard disk to store the data. At this time, the recorder control unit 1226 and the recording / reproducing unit 1233 may perform processing such as re-encoding as needed.
- the recorder control unit 1226 decodes encoded data of the acquired video data and audio data, and supplies the obtained video data to the display converter 1230.
- the display converter 1230 processes the video data supplied from the recorder control unit 1226 as well as the video data supplied from the video decoder 1225, supplies it to the monitor 1260 via the display control unit 1232 and displays the image. .
- the recorder control unit 1226 may supply the decoded audio data to the monitor 1260 via the D / A converter 1234 and output the sound from the speaker.
- the recorder control unit 1226 decodes the acquired encoded data of the EPG data, and supplies the decoded EPG data to the EPG data memory 1227.
- the hard disk recorder 1200 as described above uses the image decoding apparatus 200 as a decoder incorporated in the video decoder 1225, the decoder 1252, and the recorder control unit 1226. That is, as in the case of the image decoding apparatus 200, the decoders incorporated in the video decoder 1225, the decoder 1252, and the recorder control unit 1226 use plane parameters extracted from the encoded data supplied from the image encoding apparatus 100. The prediction image is generated, and the prediction image is used to generate decoded image data from the residual information. Therefore, the video decoder 1225, the decoder 1252, and the decoder incorporated in the recorder control unit 1226 can further improve the coding efficiency.
- the hard disk recorder 1200 may further improve the coding efficiency of, for example, video data (coded data) received by the tuner or the communication unit 1235 and video data (coded data) reproduced by the recording / reproducing unit 1233. Real-time processing can be realized at lower cost.
- the hard disk recorder 1200 uses the image coding device 100 as the encoder 1251. Therefore, as in the case of the image coding apparatus 100, the encoder 1251 performs plane approximation using the pixel values of the processing target block itself of the original image, and generates a predicted image. Therefore, the encoder 1251 can further improve the coding efficiency.
- the hard disk recorder 1200 can further improve the coding efficiency of encoded data to be recorded on the hard disk, and can realize real-time processing at lower cost.
- the hard disk recorder 1200 for recording video data and audio data on a hard disk has been described, but of course, any recording medium may be used.
- a recording medium other than a hard disk such as a flash memory, an optical disk, or a video tape
- the image encoding device 100 and the image decoding device 200 are applied as in the case of the hard disk recorder 1200 described above. Can.
- FIG. 45 is a block diagram showing a principal configuration example of a camera using the image encoding device 100 and the image decoding device 200 to which the present invention is applied.
- the camera 1300 shown in FIG. 45 images a subject and displays an image of the subject on the LCD 1316 or records it as image data in the recording medium 1333.
- the lens block 1311 causes light (that is, an image of a subject) to be incident on the CCD / CMOS 1312.
- the CCD / CMOS 1312 is an image sensor using a CCD or CMOS, converts the intensity of the received light into an electric signal, and supplies the electric signal to the camera signal processing unit 1313.
- the camera signal processing unit 1313 converts the electric signal supplied from the CCD / CMOS 1312 into Y, Cr, Cb color difference signals, and supplies the color difference signals to the image signal processing unit 1314.
- the image signal processing unit 1314 performs predetermined image processing on the image signal supplied from the camera signal processing unit 1313 under the control of the controller 1321, and encodes the image signal with the encoder 1341.
- the image signal processing unit 1314 supplies the encoded data generated by encoding the image signal to the decoder 1315. Furthermore, the image signal processing unit 1314 obtains display data generated in the on-screen display (OSD) 1320 and supplies the display data to the decoder 1315.
- OSD on-screen display
- the camera signal processing unit 1313 appropriately uses a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) 1318 connected via the bus 1317, and as necessary, image data and a code obtained by encoding the image data. Data is held in the DRAM 1318.
- DRAM dynamic random access memory
- the decoder 1315 decodes the encoded data supplied from the image signal processing unit 1314, and supplies the obtained image data (decoded image data) to the LCD 1316. Also, the decoder 1315 supplies the display data supplied from the image signal processing unit 1314 to the LCD 1316. The LCD 1316 appropriately combines the image of the decoded image data supplied from the decoder 1315 and the image of the display data, and displays the combined image.
- the on-screen display 1320 Under the control of the controller 1321, the on-screen display 1320 outputs display data such as a menu screen or icon consisting of symbols, characters, or figures to the image signal processing unit 1314 via the bus 1317.
- the controller 1321 executes various processing based on a signal indicating the content instructed by the user using the operation unit 1322, and also, via the bus 1317, an image signal processing unit 1314, a DRAM 1318, an external interface 1319, an on-screen display It controls 1320 and the media drive 1323 and the like.
- the FLASH ROM 1324 stores programs, data, and the like necessary for the controller 1321 to execute various processes.
- the controller 1321 can encode image data stored in the DRAM 1318 or decode encoded data stored in the DRAM 1318 instead of the image signal processing unit 1314 or the decoder 1315.
- the controller 1321 may perform encoding / decoding processing by the same method as the encoding / decoding method of the image signal processing unit 1314 or the decoder 1315, or the image signal processing unit 1314 or the decoder 1315 is compatible.
- the encoding / decoding process may be performed by a method that is not performed.
- the controller 1321 reads image data from the DRAM 1318 and supplies it to the printer 1334 connected to the external interface 1319 via the bus 1317. Print it.
- the controller 1321 reads encoded data from the DRAM 1318 and supplies it to the recording medium 1333 attached to the media drive 1323 via the bus 1317.
- the recording medium 1333 is, for example, any readable / writable removable medium such as a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, an optical disk, or a semiconductor memory.
- the recording medium 1333 is, of course, optional as a removable medium, and may be a tape device, a disk, or a memory card. Of course, it may be a noncontact IC card or the like.
- media drive 1323 and the recording medium 1333 may be integrated, and may be configured by a non-portable storage medium such as, for example, a built-in hard disk drive or a solid state drive (SSD).
- SSD solid state drive
- the external interface 1319 includes, for example, a USB input / output terminal, and is connected to the printer 1334 when printing an image.
- a drive 1331 is connected to the external interface 1319 as necessary, and removable media 1332 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or a magneto-optical disk are appropriately mounted, and a computer program read from them is as necessary. And installed in the FLASH ROM 1324.
- the external interface 1319 has a network interface connected to a predetermined network such as a LAN or the Internet.
- the controller 1321 can read encoded data from the DRAM 1318 according to an instruction from the operation unit 1322, for example, and can supply it from the external interface 1319 to other devices connected via a network. Also, the controller 1321 acquires encoded data and image data supplied from another device via the network via the external interface 1319, holds the data in the DRAM 1318, and supplies it to the image signal processing unit 1314. Can be
- the camera 1300 as described above uses the image decoding apparatus 200 as the decoder 1315. That is, as in the case of the image decoding apparatus 200, the decoder 1315 generates a predicted image using plane parameters extracted from the encoded data supplied from the image encoding apparatus 100, and uses the predicted image to generate a residual image. Decoded image data is generated from the information. Therefore, the decoder 1315 can further improve the coding efficiency.
- the camera 1300 can encode, for example, encoded data of image data generated by the CCD / CMOS 1312, encoded data of video data read from the DRAM 1318 or the recording medium 1333, or encoded data of video data acquired via a network. Can be improved, and real-time processing can be realized at lower cost.
- the camera 1300 uses the image coding apparatus 100 as the encoder 1341.
- the encoder 1341 performs plane approximation using the pixel values of the processing target block itself of the original image, and generates a predicted image. Therefore, the encoder 1341 can further improve the coding efficiency.
- the camera 1300 can further improve the coding efficiency of coded data to be recorded in, for example, the DRAM 1318 or the recording medium 1333 or coded data to be provided to another device, and realizes real-time processing at lower cost. can do.
- the decoding method of the image decoding apparatus 200 may be applied to the decoding process performed by the controller 1321.
- the encoding method of the image encoding device 100 may be applied to the encoding process performed by the controller 1321.
- the image data captured by the camera 1300 may be a moving image or a still image.
- image encoding device 100 and the image decoding device 200 are also applicable to devices and systems other than the devices described above.
- 100 image coding device 114 intra prediction unit, 132 plane prediction image generation unit, 151 plane approximation unit, 152 plane generation unit, 153 prediction coding unit, 154 entropy coding unit, 171 storage unit, 172 neighboring block parameter acquisition unit , 173 prediction operation unit, 174 encoding unit, 200 image decoding apparatus, 211 intra prediction unit, 221 intra prediction mode determination unit, 223 entropy decoding unit, 224 prediction decoding unit, 225 plane generation unit, 231 neighboring block parameter acquisition unit, 232 prediction operation unit, 233 decoding unit, 234 storage unit, 301 plane mode parameter acquisition unit, 302 encoding unit, 321 plane mode plane parameter generation unit, 363 conversion unit, 3 1 2 ⁇ 2 block forming unit, 372 orthogonal transform unit, the inverse transform unit 384, 391 inverse orthogonal transform unit 392 plane parameter extraction unit
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Abstract
Description
1.第1の実施の形態(画像符号化装置)
2.第2の実施の形態(画像復号装置)
3.第3の実施の形態(画像符号化装置)
4.第4の実施の形態(画像復号装置)
5.第5の実施の形態(画像符号化装置)
6.第6の実施の形態(画像復号装置)
7.第7の実施の形態(パーソナルコンピュータ)
8.第8の実施の形態(テレビジョン受像機)
9.第9の実施の形態(携帯電話機)
10.第10の実施の形態(ハードディスクレコーダ)
11.第11の実施の形態(カメラ)
[画像符号化装置]
図1は、本発明を適用した画像処理装置としての画像符号化装置の一実施の形態の構成を表している。
図2は、H.264/AVC方式における動き予測補償のブロックサイズの例を示す図である。H.264/AVC方式においては、ブロックサイズを可変にして、動き予測補償が行われる。
図3は、図1のイントラ予測部114の主な構成例を示すブロック図である。
図4は、直交変換の様子の例を説明する図である。
ここで、予測画像生成部131による予測処理について説明する。H.264/AVC方式で定められているAVCの場合、予測画像生成部131は、輝度信号に対して、イントラ4×4予測モード、イントラ8×8予測モード、およびイントラ16×16予測モードの3通りのモードでイントラ予測を行う。これは、ブロック単位を定めるモードであり、マクロブロック毎に設定される。また、色差信号に対しては、マクロブロック毎に輝度信号とは独立したイントラ予測モードが設定可能である。
以上のような16×16画素のイントラ予測モードのモード3(Plane Prediction mode)の場合、処理対象ブロックの近隣の少ない画素から処理対象ブロックの平面が予測される。また、この近隣の画素値は、フレームメモリ112から供給される参照画像の画素値が用いられる。さらに、復号処理においては、復号画像の画素値が用いられることになる。したがって、このモードの予測精度は高くなく、符号化効率も低くなってしまう恐れがある。
まず、平面近似について説明する。図9は、近似平面の例を示す図である。上述したように、平面近似部151は、処理対象ブロックの各画素値を近似する平面(近似平面)を生成する。図9に示されるように、この近似平面161は、XYZ空間において、以下の式(9)のような関数で表される。
この近似平面161は、処理対象ブロック自身の画素値から最小二乗法を解くことにより求められる。図10は、この平面パラメータa,b,cの算出方法の例を示す図である。
以上のように求められた平面パラメータa,b,cは、それぞれ値を持ち、符号化によりデータ量を低減させることができる余地がある。特に、パラメータcは、平面161の直流成分であり、大きな値を持つ可能性が高く、予測符号化によりデータ量を低減させることができる可能性が高い。
b’=mean(b1,b2,b3)
c’=mean(c1,c2,c3)
・・・(16)
b’’=b0-b’
c’’=c0-c’
・・・(17)
b’=median(b1,b2,b3)
c’=median(c1,c2,c3)
・・・(18)
b’=b3+b2-b1
c’=c3+c2-c1
・・・(19)
b’=b3+(b2-b1)/2
c’=c3+(c2-c1)/2
・・・(20)
b’=b2+(b3-b1)/2
c’=c2+(c3-c1)/2
・・・(21)
b’=(b3+b2)/2
c’=(c3+c2)/2
・・・(22)
a’=a2
b’=b2
c’=c2
|a1-a3|>|a1-a2|の場合、
a’=a3
b’=b3
c’=c3
・・・(23)
以上のように、予測符号化された平面パラメータは、エントロピ符号化部154によりエントロピ符号化される。図14は、図8のエントロピ符号化部154の主な構成例を示すブロック図である。
次に、以上のような画像符号化装置100により実行される各処理の流れについて説明する。最初に、図15のフローチャートを参照して、符号化処理の流れの例を説明する。
次に、図16のフローチャートを参照して、図15のステップS103において実行される予測処理の流れの例を説明する。
図17は、図16のステップS131において実行されるイントラ予測処理の流れの例を説明するフローチャートである。
次に、図18のフローチャートを参照して、図17のステップS152において実行される予測画像生成処理の流れの例を説明する。
次に、図19のフローチャートを参照して、図18のステップS173において実行される予測符号化処理の流れの例を説明する。
[画像復号装置]
第1の実施の形態において説明した画像符号化装置100により符号化された符号化データは、所定の伝送路を介して、画像符号化装置100に対応する画像復号装置に伝送され、復号される。
図21は、図20のイントラ予測部211の主な構成例を示すブロック図である。
図22は、図21の予測復号部224の主な構成例を示すブロック図である。
次に、以上のような画像復号装置200により実行される各処理の流れについて説明する。最初に、図23のフローチャートを参照して、復号処理の流れの例を説明する。
次に図24のフローチャートを参照して、図23のステップS205において実行される予測処理の流れの例を説明する。
次に、図25のフローチャートを参照して、図24のステップS232において実行されるイントラ予測処理の流れの例を説明する。
次に、図26のフローチャートを参照して、図25のステップS254において実行される予測復号処理の流れの例を説明する。
[予測符号化部]
第1の実施の形態および第2の実施の形態においては、平面パラメータの予測符号化方法として、既に算出されている近隣ブロックの平面パラメータを用いて、処理対象ブロックの平面パラメータの予測値を算出し、その予測値を実際の平面パラメータの値から減算する方法について説明した。
次に、このような予測符号化部153により実行される予測符号化処理の流れの例を、図28のフローチャートを参照して説明する。
[予測復号部]
次に、第3の実施の形態において説明した画像符号化装置100により画像データが符号化されて生成された符号化データを復号する画像復号装置200について説明する。
図30のフローチャートを参照して、この場合の、図25のステップS254において実行される予測復号処理の流れの例を説明する。
[変換処理]
なお、以上においては、平面パラメータを予測符号化するように説明したが、平面パラメータは直交変換するようにしてもよい。
図32は、この場合の平面予測画像生成部132の構成例を示すブロック図である。この場合も、平面予測画像生成部132は、基本的に図8を参照して説明した場合と同様の構成を有する。
図33は、変換部363の主な構成例を示すブロック図である。
図34のフローチャートを参照して、図32の平面予測画像生成部132により実行される予測画像生成処理の流れの他の例を説明する。この処理は、図18のフローチャートを参照して説明した予測画像生成処理に対応する。
次に、図35のフローチャートを参照して、図34のステップS343において実行される変換処理の流れの例を説明する。
[イントラ予測部]
次に、第5の実施の形態において説明した画像符号化装置100により画像データが符号化されて生成された符号化データを復号する画像復号装置200について説明する。
図37は、逆変換部384の主な構成例を示すブロック図である。
図38のフローチャートを参照して、図36のイントラ予測部211により実行されるイントラ予測処理の流れの他の例を説明する。この処理は、図25のフローチャートを参照して説明したイントラ予測処理に対応する。
次に、図39のフローチャートを参照して、図38のステップS374において実行される逆変換処理の流れの例を説明する。
以上においては、16×16以下のマクロブロックについて説明したが、マクロブロックのサイズは、16×16より大きくてもよい。
[パーソナルコンピュータ]
上述した一連の処理は、ハードウエアにより実行させることもできるし、ソフトウエアにより実行させることもできる。この場合、例えば、図41に示されるようなパーソナルコンピュータとして構成されるようにしてもよい。
[テレビジョン受像機]
図42は、本発明を適用した画像復号装置200を用いるテレビジョン受像機の主な構成例を示すブロック図である。
[携帯電話機]
図43は、本発明を適用した画像符号化装置100および画像復号装置200を用いる携帯電話機の主な構成例を示すブロック図である。
[ハードディスクレコーダ]
図44は、本発明を適用した画像符号化装置100および画像復号装置200を用いるハードディスクレコーダの主な構成例を示すブロック図である。
[カメラ]
図45は、本発明を適用した画像符号化装置100および画像復号装置200を用いるカメラの主な構成例を示すブロック図である。
Claims (16)
- 画面内符号化を行う画像データの処理対象ブロックについて、各画素値を、平面を示す関数を用いて近似し、前記平面を示す関数の係数となる平面パラメータを、前記処理対象ブロックの画素値を用いて求める平面近似手段と、
前記平面近似手段により求められた前記平面パラメータで表される平面上の画素値を求めることにより、前記処理対象ブロック上の前記平面を予測画像として生成する平面生成手段と、
前記処理対象ブロックの画素値から、前記平面生成手段により前記予測画像として生成された前記平面の画素値を減算し、差分データを生成する演算手段と、
前記演算手段により生成された前記差分データを符号化する符号化手段と
を備える画像処理装置。 - 前記演算手段により生成された前記差分データを直交変換する直交変換手段と、
前記直交変換手段により前記差分データが直交変換されて生成された係数データを量子化する量子化手段と
をさらに備え、
前記符号化手段は、前記量子化手段により量子化された前記係数データを符号化する
請求項1に記載の画像処理装置。 - 前記平面近似手段は、前記処理対象ブロックの画素値を用いて最小二乗法を解くことにより、前記平面パラメータを求める
請求項1に記載の画像処理装置。 - 前記平面近似手段により求められた前記平面パラメータを伝送する伝送手段をさらに備える
請求項1に記載の画像処理装置。 - 前記平面パラメータの予測値を算出し、前記平面近似手段により求められた前記平面パラメータを前記予測値で減算する予測符号化手段をさらに備え、
前記伝送手段は、前記予測符号化手段により減算された前記平面パラメータを伝送する
請求項4に記載の画像処理装置。 - 前記予測符号化手段は、前記処理対象ブロックの近隣ブロックの平面パラメータを用いて、前記処理対象ブロックの前記平面パラメータを予測する
請求項5に記載の画像処理装置。 - 前記予測符号化手段は、イントラ予測モードのプレーンモードで算出される処理対象ブロックの近似平面の平面パラメータを前記予測値とする
請求項5に記載の画像処理装置。 - 前記平面近似手段により求められた前記平面パラメータを直交変換する直交変換手段と、
前記直交変換手段により直交変換された前記平面パラメータを符号化する平面パラメータ符号化手段と
をさらに備える
請求項4に記載の画像処理装置。 - 画像処理装置の画像処理方法であって、
前記画像処理装置の平面近似手段が、画面内符号化を行う画像データの処理対象ブロックについて、各画素値を、平面を示す関数を用いて近似し、前記平面を示す関数の係数となる平面パラメータを、前記処理対象ブロックの画素値を用いて求め、
前記画像処理装置の平面生成手段が、求められた前記平面パラメータで表される平面上の画素値を求めることにより、前記処理対象ブロック上の前記平面を予測画像として生成し、
前記画像処理装置の演算手段が、前記処理対象ブロックの画素値から、前記予測画像として生成された前記平面の画素値を減算し、差分データを生成し、
前記画像処理装置の符号化手段が、生成された前記差分データを符号化する
画像処理方法。 - 画像データと、前記画像データ自身を用いてイントラ予測された予測画像との差分データが符号化された符号化データを復号する復号手段と、
前記画像データの処理対象ブロックの各画素値を近似した平面を示す関数の係数となる平面パラメータを用いて、前記平面からなる前記予測画像を生成する平面生成手段と、
前記復号手段により復号されて得られた前記差分データに、前記平面生成手段により生成された前記予測画像を加算する演算手段と
を備える画像処理装置。 - 前記差分データを逆量子化する逆量子化手段と、
前記逆量子化手段により逆量子化された前記差分データを逆直交変換する逆直交変換手段と
をさらに備え、
前記演算手段は、前記逆直交変換手段により逆直交変換された前記差分データに、前記予測画像を加算する
請求項10に記載の画像処理装置。 - 前記平面パラメータは、予測値が減算されており、
前記予測値を算出し、前記予測値が減算された前記平面パラメータに前記予測値を加算することにより、前記平面パラメータを予測復号する予測復号手段をさらに備え、
前記平面生成手段は、前記予測復号手段により予測復号された前記平面パラメータを用いて前記予測画像を生成する
請求項10に記載の画像処理装置。 - 前記予測復号手段は、処理対象ブロックの近隣ブロックの平面パラメータを用いて前記予測値を算出する
請求項12に記載の画像処理装置。 - 前記予測復号手段は、イントラ予測モードのプレーンモード処理対象ブロックの近似平面の平面パラメータを、前記予測値として算出する
請求項12に記載の画像処理装置。 - 直交変換された前記平面パラメータを、逆直交変換する逆変換手段をさらに備え、
前記平面生成手段は、前記逆変換手段により逆直交変換された前記平面パラメータを用いて前記予測画像を生成する
請求項10に記載の画像処理装置。 - 画像処理装置の画像処理方法であって、
前記画像処理装置の復号手段が、画像データと、前記画像データ自身を用いてイントラ予測された予測画像との差分データが符号化された符号化データを復号し、
前記画像処理装置の平面生成手段が、前記画像データの処理対象ブロックの各画素値を近似した平面を示す関数の係数となる平面パラメータを用いて、前記平面からなる前記予測画像を生成し、
前記画像処理装置の演算手段が、復号されて得られた前記差分データに、生成された前記予測画像を加算する
画像処理方法。
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