WO2011090179A1 - 加工性および耐衝撃特性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
加工性および耐衝撃特性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011090179A1 WO2011090179A1 PCT/JP2011/051150 JP2011051150W WO2011090179A1 WO 2011090179 A1 WO2011090179 A1 WO 2011090179A1 JP 2011051150 W JP2011051150 W JP 2011051150W WO 2011090179 A1 WO2011090179 A1 WO 2011090179A1
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- steel sheet
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- phase
- dip galvanized
- impact resistance
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- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 23
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001035 Soft ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000219307 Atriplex rosea Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000885 Dual-phase steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000794 TRIP steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 retained austenite Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0426—Hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0436—Cold rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0473—Final recrystallisation annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet that is excellent in impact resistance and is used for use as a steel sheet for automobiles.
- DP steel sheet As a high-strength steel sheet excellent in workability and shock-absorbing property against such demands, a dual-phase steel sheet (DP steel sheet) composed of a composite structure of ferrite and martensite as disclosed in Patent Document 1 is representative. Is. However, DP steel, which originally has a low yield strength, shows a high impact absorption capacity because of its large work-hardening due to press working, and when processing strain enters, strain aging occurs in the subsequent paint baking process, resulting in a significant increase in yield strength. This is the reason for this, and there is a problem that a part with a small amount of processing such as bending does not necessarily exhibit a sufficient shock absorbing ability.
- DP steel is characterized by high shock absorption energy up to a strain range as high as 10-30% and excellent shock resistance characteristics, and is suitable for parts that deform to some extent during a collision, such as frontal collision parts, and absorb the collision energy.
- shock absorption energy up to a strain range as high as 10-30% and excellent shock resistance characteristics
- the characteristics are sufficiently satisfied for a portion that requires high absorbed energy in a small strain region from the viewpoint of securing passenger space such as a side collision portion.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for improving the impact resistance characteristics in TRIP steel using plasticity-induced transformation of residual ⁇ , but has the same problem as the DP steel.
- the present invention has a high strength (tensile strength TS of 590 MPa or more), is excellent in workability, and has a large absorbed energy up to a low strain range of about 5% even without the introduction of strain by press working.
- An object of the present invention is to propose a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having excellent impact characteristics and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors conducted extensive research from the viewpoints of the steel sheet composition and microstructure.
- the main phase is ferrite and the second phase has a structure containing bainitic ferrite, martensite, and pearlite, and satisfies martensite area ratio / (bainitic ferrite area ratio + pearlite area ratio) ⁇ 0.6.
- martensite area ratio / (bainitic ferrite area ratio + pearlite area ratio) ⁇ 0.6 Furthermore, it was found that high workability and impact resistance characteristics can be obtained by setting the ratio of the Mn concentration in the ferrite phase and the Mn concentration in the second phase to 0.70 or more.
- Improvement of workability is achieved by improving ductility by improving the work hardening ability of ferrite, which is the main phase by utilizing Si, and expanding holes by reducing the hardness difference between soft ferrite and hard martensite by utilizing bainitic ferrite and pearlite. It became possible due to the improvement of sex.
- Mn usually concentrates in the second phase during hot rolling and annealing, and distribution occurs in the steel.
- the coiling temperature in hot rolling is lowered, and the soaking time during annealing is reduced.
- the distribution of Mn in the steel is made uniform, and the ratio of the Mn concentration in the ferrite phase to the Mn concentration in the second phase is 0.70 or more, so that no strain is introduced by press working. Even so, the absorbed energy up to a low strain range of about 5% is large, and the collision resistance can be improved.
- the present invention is configured based on the above-described knowledge. That is, the present invention (1) Component composition is mass% C: 0.04% to 0.13%, Si: 0.7% to 2.3%, Mn: 0.8% to 2.0%, P : 0.1% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.01% or more and 0.1% or less, the balance is made of iron and inevitable impurities, and the structure has an area ratio of 75%.
- Ti 0.01% to 0.1%
- Nb 0.01% to 0.1%
- B 0.0003% to 0.0050% in mass%
- at least one element selected from Ni: 0.05% to 1.0% and Cu: 0.05% to 1.0% is contained (1) or (2) High-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet with excellent workability and impact resistance as described in 1.
- a component composition it contains at least one element selected from Ca: 0.001% to 0.005% and REM: 0.001% to 0.005% by mass%.
- a component composition it contains at least one element selected from Ta: 0.001% to 0.010% and Sn: 0.002% to 0.2% by mass%.
- the high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet excellent in workability and impact resistance characteristics according to any one of (1) to (4).
- a hot rolled sheet produced by winding at a temperature of 300 ° C. or higher and 570 ° C. or lower is acidified. Washing or further cold rolling, and then in the temperature range of 750 to 900 ° C., t: retention time (s) is the following formula; 15 ⁇ t ⁇ 47.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 / exp ( ⁇ 27016 / (T + 273)) T: annealing temperature (° C) After annealing under the conditions satisfying, it is cooled and held at a temperature range of 450 to 550 ° C.
- a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having excellent workability and large absorbed energy up to a low strain range of about 5% and excellent impact resistance can be obtained without introducing strain by press working. Therefore, it is possible to achieve both the weight reduction of the automobile and the improvement of the collision safety, and the excellent effect of greatly contributing to the improvement of the performance of the automobile body is achieved.
- C 0.04% or more and 0.13% or less
- C is an element that stabilizes austenite, and is an element necessary for increasing the strength of the steel sheet in order to easily generate a phase other than ferrite. If the C content is less than 0.04%, it is difficult to ensure the desired strength even if the production conditions are optimized. On the other hand, if the amount of C exceeds 0.13%, the ferrite phase is reduced, the workability of the steel sheet is lowered, the hardening of the welded part and the heat-affected zone is remarkable, and the mechanical properties of the welded part are deteriorated. From this viewpoint, the C content is set to 0.04% or more and 0.13% or less.
- Si 0.7% or more and 2.3% or less Si is a ferrite-forming element and also an element effective for solid solution strengthening. In order to improve the balance between strength and ductility and to ensure the hardness of the ferrite, it is necessary to add 0.7% or more. However, excessive addition of Si exceeding 2.3% causes deterioration of surface properties, plating adhesion and adhesion due to generation of red scale and the like. Therefore, Si is made 0.7% to 2.3%. Preferably, it is 1.2% or more and 1.8% or less.
- Mn 0.8% or more and 2.0% or less
- Mn is an element effective for strengthening steel.
- it is an element that stabilizes austenite, and is an element necessary for adjusting the fraction of the second phase. For this reason, it is necessary to add 0.8% or more of Mn.
- Mn is made 0.8% or more and 2.0% or less. Preferably they are 1.0% or more and 1.8% or less.
- P 0.1% or less
- P is an element effective for strengthening steel.
- P is set to 0.1% or less.
- S 0.01% or less S is an inclusion such as MnS, which causes deterioration in impact resistance and cracks along the metal flow of the weld.
- To S is set to 0.01% or less.
- Al acts as a deoxidizer and is an element effective for the cleanliness of steel, and is preferably added in the deoxidation step. If the amount of Al is less than 0.01%, the effect of addition becomes poor, so the lower limit was made 0.01%. However, excessive addition of Al deteriorates slab quality during steelmaking. Therefore, Al is made 0.1% or less.
- the high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet according to the present invention has the above-described component composition as a basic component, and the balance is composed of iron and unavoidable impurities, but at least one element selected from the elements described below according to desired characteristics Can be appropriately contained.
- Cr 0.05% to 1.0%, V: 0.005% to 0.5%, Mo: 0.005% to 0.5% Cr, V, and Mo increase the hardenability, It is an effective element for strengthening steel. The effect is obtained when Cr: 0.05% or more, V: 0.005% or more, and Mo: 0.005% or more. However, if the Cr is added in excess of 1.0%, V: 0.5%, and Mo: 0.5%, respectively, the second phase fraction becomes excessive and there is a concern that the workability will be lowered. Therefore, when these elements are added, the amounts thereof are Cr: 0.05% to 1.0%, V: 0.005% to 0.5%, Mo: 0.005% to 0%, respectively. .5% or less.
- one or more elements can be contained from the following Ti, Nb, B, Ni, and Cu.
- Nb 0.01% or more and 0.1% or less
- Ti 0.01% or more and 0.1% or less
- Nb 0.01% or more and 0.1% or less
- Ti is effective for precipitation strengthening of steel, and the effect is obtained at 0.01% or more, If it is within the range specified in the present invention, it may be used for strengthening steel. However, if each exceeds 0.1%, the workability decreases. Therefore, when adding Ti and Nb, the addition amount is set to 0.01% to 0.1% for Ti and 0.01% to 0.1% for Nb.
- B 0.0003% or more and 0.0050% or less B has an action of suppressing the formation / growth of ferrite from the austenite grain boundary, and can be added as necessary. The effect is obtained at 0.0003% or more. However, if it exceeds 0.0050%, the workability decreases. Therefore, when adding B, it is made 0.0003% or more and 0.0050% or less.
- Ni and Cu are elements effective for strengthening steel, and steel is within the range specified in the present invention. It can be used for strengthening. In order to obtain these effects, 0.05% or more is required. On the other hand, if both Ni and Cu are added in excess of 1.0%, the workability of the steel sheet is lowered. Therefore, when adding Ni and Cu, the addition amount is 0.05% or more and 1.0% or less, respectively.
- one or more elements can be contained from the following Ca and REM.
- Ca and REM are intended to improve the adverse effect of sulfides on spheroidizing and hole expandability. Is an effective element. In order to obtain this effect, 0.001% or more is required for each. However, excessive addition exceeding 0.005% causes an increase in inclusions and the like, and causes surface and internal defects. Therefore, when Ca and REM are added, the addition amounts are 0.001% or more and 0.005% or less, respectively.
- one or more elements can be contained from the following Ta and Sn.
- Ta 0.001 to 0.010%
- Sn 0.002 to 0.2% Ta
- Ta forms alloy carbide and alloy carbonitride to contribute to high strength, and partly dissolves in Nb carbide and Nb carbonitride, and (Nb, Ta)
- the content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- Ta its content is preferably 0.010% or less.
- Sn can be added from the viewpoint of suppressing decarburization in the region of several tens of ⁇ m of the steel sheet surface layer caused by nitriding, oxidation, or oxidation of the steel sheet surface. By suppressing such nitriding and oxidation, the amount of martensite generated on the steel sheet surface is prevented from decreasing, and fatigue characteristics and aging resistance are improved. From the viewpoint of suppressing nitriding and oxidation, when adding Sn, its content is preferably 0.002% or more, and if it exceeds 0.2%, the toughness is reduced, so its content is reduced to 0. .2% or less is desirable.
- Sb 0.002 to 0.2%
- Sb can also be added from the viewpoint of suppressing decarburization in the region of several tens of ⁇ m of the steel sheet surface layer caused by nitridation, oxidation, or oxidation of the steel sheet surface, similarly to Sn. By suppressing such nitriding and oxidation, the amount of martensite generated on the steel sheet surface is prevented from decreasing, and fatigue characteristics and aging resistance are improved. From the viewpoint of suppressing nitriding and oxidation, when Sb is added, its content is preferably 0.002% or more, and if it exceeds 0.2%, the toughness is reduced, so the content is reduced to 0. .2% or less is desirable.
- Area ratio of ferrite phase 75% or more In order to ensure good ductility, the ferrite phase needs to have an area ratio of 75% or more.
- Area ratio of bainitic ferrite phase 1% or more In order to ensure good hole expansibility, that is, to reduce the hardness difference between soft ferrite and hard martensite, the area ratio of bainitic ferrite phase is 1 % Or more is necessary.
- Area ratio of pearlite phase 1% or more and 10% or less In order to ensure good hole expansibility, the area ratio of the pearlite phase is 1% or more. When the area ratio of the pearlite phase exceeds 10%, the ductility (TS ⁇ EL) decreases. Therefore, the area ratio of the pearlite phase is 1% or more and 10% or less.
- Martensite phase area ratio 10% or less When the martensite phase area ratio exceeds 10%, the stretch flangeability deteriorates significantly. Therefore, the area ratio of the martensite phase is 10% or less.
- carbides such as retained austenite, tempered martensite, and cementite may be produced. If the rate is satisfied, the object of the present invention can be achieved.
- the area ratio of ferrite, bainitic ferrite, pearlite, and martensite in the present invention is the area ratio of each phase in the observation area.
- the obtained hot-dip galvanized steel sheet was subjected to tempering treatment at 200 ° C. for 2 hours, and then the structure of the plate thickness section parallel to the rolling direction of the steel sheet was described above.
- the area ratio of the tempered martensite phase obtained by the above method was defined as the area ratio of the martensite phase.
- the content of the retained austenite phase can be obtained from the diffraction X-ray intensity of the 1/4 thickness of the steel plate after polishing the steel plate to 1/4 of the thickness direction.
- CoK ⁇ rays are used as incident X-rays, and the ⁇ 111 ⁇ , ⁇ 200 ⁇ , ⁇ 220 ⁇ , ⁇ 311 ⁇ planes of the retained austenite phase and the ⁇ 110 ⁇ , ⁇ 200 ⁇ , ⁇ 211 ⁇ planes of the ferrite phase
- Intensity ratios can be obtained for all combinations of peak integrated intensities, and the average value of these can be used as the content of retained austenite phase, and the content can be treated as the area ratio of retained austenite.
- the ratio of the Mn concentration in the ferrite phase to the Mn concentration in the second phase (Mn concentration in the ferrite phase / Mn concentration in the second phase) is 0.70 or more
- Mn concentration in the ferrite phase / Mn concentration in the second phase The ratio between the Mn concentration in the ferrite phase and the Mn concentration in the second phase The effect is acquired by making 0.70 or more. Therefore, the ratio of the Mn concentration in the ferrite phase to the Mn concentration in the second phase is set to 0.70 or more.
- ⁇ Steel adjusted to the above component composition is melted in a converter, etc., and made into a slab by a continuous casting method or the like.
- the steel slab is hot-rolled to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet, and the hot-rolled steel sheet is pickled or cold-rolled to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet or the cold-rolled steel sheet that has been pickled is subjected to continuous annealing, it is subjected to a hot dip galvanizing process, or an alloying process of galvanizing. The reason for limitation of each process will be described.
- Winding temperature 300 ° C. or more and 570 ° C. or less
- the winding temperature after hot rolling exceeds 570 ° C.
- the distribution of Mn to the second phase is promoted after winding, and the Mn concentration in the ferrite phase in the final structure It becomes difficult to set the ratio of the Mn concentration in the second phase to 0.70 or more.
- the coiling temperature is set to 300 ° C. or more and 570 ° C. or less.
- Annealing is performed in a temperature range of 750 to 900 ° C. under the conditions satisfying the following formula. 15 ⁇ t ⁇ 47.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 / exp ( ⁇ 27016 / (T + 273)) t: Retention time (s) T: annealing temperature (° C) When the annealing temperature is less than 750 ° C., or when the holding (annealing) time is less than 15 s, austenite is not sufficiently generated during annealing, and a necessary amount of low-temperature transformation phase cannot be secured after annealing cooling.
- the annealing temperature exceeds 900 ° C.
- the austenite during annealing increases remarkably, and a necessary amount of ferrite cannot be secured after annealing cooling.
- the holding time exceeds 47.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 / exp ( ⁇ 27016 / (T + 273)) seconds
- the concentration of Mn into the austenite phase during annealing proceeds excessively, and the final structure contains the ferrite phase. It becomes difficult to set the ratio of the Mn concentration and the Mn concentration in the second phase to 0.70 or more.
- the holding temperature exceeds 550 ° C. or the holding time is less than 10 s, the bainite transformation is not promoted and bainitic ferrite is hardly obtained, so that the desired hole expandability cannot be obtained.
- the holding temperature is less than 450 ° C. or the holding time exceeds 200 s, most of the second phase becomes austenite and bainitic ferrite with a large amount of dissolved carbon generated by promoting bainite transformation, and a desired pearlite area ratio is obtained.
- the hard martensite area ratio increases, and good hole expansibility and material stability cannot be obtained.
- the surface is subjected to hot dip galvanizing for the purpose of improving the rust prevention ability during actual use.
- an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet in which Fe of the steel sheet is diffused in the plating layer by heat treatment after plating is often used.
- an alloying treatment is further performed under the following conditions.
- the alloying treatment of the plating layer is in the range of 500 to 600 ° C. in order to obtain an appropriate Fe% in the plating layer.
- the holding temperature does not have to be constant as long as it is within the above-described temperature range, and the spirit of the present invention is not impaired as long as it is within the specified range.
- the steel sheet may be heat-treated by any equipment.
- temper rolling of the steel sheet of the present invention for shape correction after heat treatment is also included in the scope of the present invention. In the present invention, it is assumed that the steel material is manufactured through normal steelmaking, casting, and hot rolling processes, but the manufacturing process is performed by omitting part or all of the hot rolling process by thin casting, for example. You may do it.
- the steel slab to be used is preferably produced by a continuous casting method in order to prevent macro segregation of components, but may be produced by an ingot casting method or a thin slab casting method.
- After manufacturing the steel slab in addition to the conventional method of cooling to room temperature and then heating again, without cooling to room temperature, insert it into a heating furnace as it is, or carry out slight heat retention Energy saving processes such as direct feed rolling and direct rolling, which are rolled immediately, can be applied without any problem.
- Slab heating temperature 1100 ° C or higher
- Low temperature heating is preferable in terms of energy for the slab heating temperature, but if the heating temperature is less than 1100 ° C, carbides cannot be sufficiently dissolved or during hot rolling due to an increase in rolling load. Problems such as an increased risk of trouble occur.
- the slab heating temperature is desirably 1300 ° C. or less because of an increase in scale loss accompanying an increase in the amount of oxidation.
- a sheet bar heater which heats a sheet bar from a viewpoint of preventing the trouble at the time of hot rolling even if slab heating temperature is made low.
- Finishing rolling temperature Ar 3 transformation point or higher If the finishing rolling finish temperature is less than the Ar 3 transformation point, ⁇ and ⁇ are generated during rolling, and a band-like structure is easily formed on the steel sheet. It may remain after rolling or after annealing, causing anisotropy in material properties or reducing workability. For this reason, it is desirable that the finish rolling temperature is not less than the Ar 3 transformation point.
- part or all of the finish rolling may be lubricated rolling in order to reduce the rolling load during hot rolling.
- Performing lubrication rolling is also effective from the viewpoint of uniform steel plate shape and uniform material.
- the friction coefficient during the lubricating rolling is preferably in the range of 0.25 to 0.10.
- the application of the continuous rolling process is also desirable from the viewpoint of the operational stability of hot rolling.
- Cold rolling conditions Next, in the case of performing cold rolling, preferably the oxidized scale on the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet is removed by pickling, and then subjected to cold rolling to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet having a predetermined thickness.
- pickling conditions and cold rolling conditions are not particularly limited, and may be according to ordinary methods.
- the rolling reduction of cold rolling is preferably 40% or more.
- Plating is performed by a 0.08 to 0.18% dissolved Al amount plating bath with a steel plate penetrating into the plating bath with a bath temperature of 440 to 500 ° C., and the amount of adhesion is adjusted by gas wiping or the like.
- a steel having the composition shown in Table 1 and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities (in Table 1, N is an unavoidable impurity) is melted in a converter, and a slab is formed by a continuous casting method. did.
- the obtained slab was hot-rolled to a thickness of 3.0 mm under the conditions shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- the steel sheet was cold-rolled to a thickness of 1.4 mm to produce a cold-rolled steel sheet and subjected to annealing.
- a part of the hot-rolled steel sheet hot-rolled to a plate thickness of 2.3 mm and pickled was subjected to annealing as it was.
- microstructure was observed at a magnification of 5000 times using a scanning electron microscope at a thickness of 1/4 part of the cross section in the rolling direction of the steel sheet, and the area ratio of each phase was determined by the method described above.
- the Mn concentration in the ferrite phase and the second phase was measured by EPN analysis of Mn at intervals of 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the average value of the Mn concentration of each particle was taken as the Mn concentration of the particle, 10 particles were measured for each of the ferrite phase and the second phase, and the average value was taken as the Mn concentration of the ferrite phase and the second phase.
- a tensile test was performed at a strain rate of 10 ⁇ 3 / s using a JIS No. 5 specimen taken from a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of the unprocessed steel sheet, and TS (tensile strength) and EL (total elongation) were measured The case of TS ⁇ EL ⁇ 19000 MPa ⁇ % was determined to be good.
- Stretch flangeability was performed in accordance with Japan Iron and Steel Federation Standard JFST1001. After cutting the obtained steel sheet to 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm, after punching a 10 mm diameter hole with a clearance of 12% ⁇ 1% for a thickness of 2.0 mm or more and a clearance of 12% ⁇ 2% for a thickness of less than 2.0 mm Then, with a 75 mm inner diameter dice and a wrinkle holding force of 9 tons, a 60 ° conical punch was pushed into the hole and the hole diameter at the crack initiation limit was measured. ), And the stretch flangeability was evaluated from the value of the critical hole expansion rate.
- Limit hole expansion ratio ⁇ (%) ⁇ (D f ⁇ D 0 ) / D 0 ⁇ ⁇ 100
- D f hole diameter at crack initiation (mm) D 0 is the initial hole diameter (mm).
- ⁇ ⁇ 70 (%) is determined to be good.
- the impact absorption characteristic is that up to the amount of strain when a tensile test is performed at a strain rate of 2000 / s using a test piece having a width of 5 mm and a length of 7 mm of a parallel portion taken from a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of the unprocessed steel plate.
- Absorption energy was obtained (see iron and steel, vol. 83 (1997), p. 748), and the impact absorption characteristics were evaluated by the ratio of the obtained absorption energy to static TS (AE / TS). The absorbed energy was determined by integrating the stress-true strain curve within the strain range of 0-5%.
- TS is 590 MPa or more, excellent in ductility and stretch flangeability, and the ratio of the absorbed energy up to 5% of strain rate and strain (2000 / s) and static TS (AE / TS).
- a high-strength galvannealed steel sheet having a high impact resistance is obtained by processing in a small strain region at a high strain rate.
- the AE / TS is less than 0.050, the high impact resistance is inferior in processing in a small strain region at a high strain rate, or at least any of ductility and stretch flangeability.
- One characteristic is inferior.
- the high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet of the present invention has excellent workability and excellent impact resistance.
- the high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet according to the present invention can be used as a steel sheet applied not only to a frontal collision part of an automobile but also to a side collision part, and can also be used as a steel sheet used in a part with a small amount of processing such as bending. .
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Abstract
Description
すなわち本発明は、
(1)成分組成は、質量%でC:0.04%以上0.13%以下、Si:0.7%以上2.3%以下、Mn:0.8%以上2.0%以下、P:0.1%以下、S:0.01%以下、Al:0.01%以上0.1%以下を含有し、残部が鉄および不可避的不純物からなり、組織は、面積率で、75%以上のフェライト相と1%以上のベイニティックフェライト相と1%以上10%以下のパーライト相を有し、さらに、マルテンサイト相の面積率が10%以下であり、かつ、
マルテンサイト面積率/(ベイニティックフェライト面積率+パーライト面積率)≦0.6を満たし、かつフェライト相中のMn濃度と第2相中のMn濃度の比が0.70以上であることを特徴とする加工性および耐衝撃特性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
15≦t≦47.6×10−10/exp(−27016/(T+273))
T:焼鈍温度(℃)
を満たす条件で焼鈍した後、冷却し、450~550℃の温度域で10~200s保持し、次いで、溶融亜鉛めっきを施し、またはさらに500~600℃の温度域において、Tave:平均保持温度(℃)とth:保持時間(s)が下式;
0.45≦exp[200/(400−Tave)]×ln(th)≦1.0
を満たす条件で亜鉛めっきの合金化処理を施すことを特徴とする加工性および耐衝撃特性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
Cはオーステナイトを安定化させる元素であり、フェライト以外の相を生成しやすくするため、鋼板強度の上昇に必要な元素である。C量が0.04%未満では製造条件の最適化を図ったとしても所望の強度確保が難しい。一方、C量が0.13%を超えると、フェライト相が減少して鋼板の加工性が低下し、さらに溶接部および熱影響部の硬化が著しく、溶接部の機械的特性が劣化する。こうした観点からC量を0.04%以上0.13%以下とする。
Siはフェライト生成元素であり、また、固溶強化に有効な元素でもある。そして、強度と延性のバランスの改善およびフェライトの硬度確保のためには0.7%以上の添加が必要である。しかしながら、2.3%を超えるSiの過剰な添加は、赤スケール等の発生により表面性状の劣化や、めっき付着・密着性の劣化を引き起こす。よって、Siは0.7%以上2.3%以下とする。好ましくは、1.2%以上1.8%以下である。
Mnは、鋼の強化に有効な元素である。また、オーステナイトを安定化させる元素であり、第2相の分率調整に必要な元素である。このため、Mnは0.8%以上の添加が必要である。一方、2.0%を超えて過剰に添加すると、第2相中のマルテンサイト面積率が増加し、伸びフランジ性が低下する。従って、Mnは0.8%以上2.0%以下とする。好ましくは1.0%以上1.8%以下である。
Pは、鋼の強化に有効な元素であるが、0.1%を超えて過剰に添加すると、粒界偏析により脆化を引き起こし、耐衝撃性を劣化させる。また0.1%を超えると合金化速度を大幅に遅延させる。従って、Pは0.1%以下とする。
Sは、MnSなどの介在物となって、耐衝撃性の劣化や溶接部のメタルフローに沿った割れの原因となるので極力低い方がよいが、製造コストの面からSは0.01%以下とする。
Alは脱酸剤として作用し、鋼の清浄度に有効な元素であり、脱酸工程で添加することが好ましい。ここに、Al量が0.01%に満たないとその添加効果に乏しくなるので、下限を0.01%とした。しかしながら、Alの過剰な添加は製鋼時におけるスラブ品質を劣化させる。従って、Alは0.1%以下とする。
Cr、V、Moは焼き入れ性を上げ、鋼の強化に有効な元素である。その効果は、Cr:0.05%以上、V:0.005%以上、Mo:0.005%以上で得られる。しかしながら、それぞれCr:1.0%、V:0.5%、Mo:0.5%を超えて過剰に添加すると、第2相分率が過大となり加工性の低下の懸念が生じる。従って、これらの元素を添加する場合には、その量をそれぞれCr:0.05%以上1.0%以下、V:0.005%以上0.5%以下、Mo:0.005%以上0.5%以下とする。
Ti、Nbは鋼の析出強化に有効で、その効果はそれぞれ0.01%以上で得られ、本発明で規定した範囲内であれば鋼の強化に使用して差し支えない。しかし、それぞれが0.1%を超えると加工性が低下する。従って、Ti、Nbを添加する場合には,その添加量をTiは0.01%以上0.1%以下、Nbは0.01%以上0.1%以下とする。
Bはオーステナイト粒界からのフェライトの生成・成長を抑制する作用を有するので必要に応じて添加することができる。その効果は,0.0003%以上で得られる。しかし、0.0050%を超えると加工性が低下する。従って、Bを添加する場合は0.0003%以上0.0050%以下とする。
Ni、Cuは鋼の強化に有効な元素であり、本発明で規定した範囲内であれば鋼の強化に使用して差し支えない。これらの効果を得るためには,それぞれ0.05%以上必要である。一方、Ni、Cuともに1.0%を超えて添加すると、鋼板の加工性を低下させる。よって、Ni、Cuを添加する場合に、その添加量はそれぞれ0.05%以上1.0%以下とする。
CaおよびREMは、硫化物の形状を球状化し穴拡げ性への硫化物の悪影響を改善するために有効な元素である。この効果を得るためには、それぞれ0.001%以上必要である。しかしながら、0.005%を超える過剰な添加は,介在物等の増加を引き起こし表面および内部欠陥などを引き起こす。したがって、Ca、REMを添加する場合は、その添加量はそれぞれ0.001%以上0.005%以下とする。
Taは、TiやNbと同様、合金炭化物や合金炭窒化物を形成して高強度化に寄与するのみならず、Nb炭化物やNb炭窒化物に一部固溶し、(Nb,Ta)(C,N)のような複合析出物を形成することで、析出物の粗大化を著しく抑制して、析出強化による強度への寄与を安定化させる効果があると考えられる。そのため、Taを添加する場合は、その含有量を0.001%以上とすることが望ましい。しかし、過剰に添加した場合、上記の析出物安定化効果が飽和するのみならず、合金コストが上昇するため、Taを添加する場合は、その含有量を0.010%以下とすることが望ましい。
SbもSnと同様に鋼板表面の窒化、酸化、あるいは酸化により生じる鋼板表層の数10μm領域の脱炭を抑制する観点から添加することができる。このような窒化や酸化を抑制することで鋼板表面においてマルテンサイトの生成量が減少するのを防止し、疲労特性や耐時効性を改善させる。窒化や酸化を抑制する観点から、Sbを添加する場合は、その含有量は0.002%以上とすることが望ましく、0.2%を超えると靭性の低下を招くため、その含有量を0.2%以下とすることが望ましい。
良好な延性を確保するためには、フェライト相は面積率で75%以上必要である。
良好な穴拡げ性の確保のため、即ち軟質なフェライトと硬質なマルテンサイトの硬度差を緩和させるために、ベイニティックフェライト相の面積率は1%以上必要である。
良好な穴拡げ性の確保のため、パーライト相の面積率が1%以上とする。パーライト相の面積率が10%を超えると延性(TS×EL)が低下する。したがって、パーライト相の面積率は1%以上10%以下とする。
マルテンサイト相の面積率が10%を超えると伸びフランジ性の低下が顕著となる。したがって、マルテンサイト相の面積率は10%以下とする。
マルテンサイトはフェライトとの強度差が大きく伸びフランジ性を低下させるが、ベイニティックフェライトおよびパーライトと共存させ、マルテンサイト面積率/(ベイニティックフェライト面積率+パーライト面積率)≦0.6とすることにより、マルテンサイトによる穴拡げ性の低下を抑制することが可能となる。したがって、マルテンサイト面積率/(ベイニティックフェライト面積率+パーライト面積率)≦0.6とする。
鋼中におけるMnの分布を均一にすることにより、プレス加工による歪の導入がなくても、5%程度の低歪域までの吸収エネルギーが大きく、耐衝突特性の向上が可能となり、フェライト相中のMn濃度と第2相中のMn濃度の比を0.70以上とすることによりその効果が得られる。したがって、フェライト相中のMn濃度と第2相中のMn濃度の比を0.70以上とする。
巻取り温度:300℃以上570℃以下
熱間圧延後の巻取り温度が570℃を超えると、巻取り後に第2相へのMnの分配が促進され、最終組織でフェライト相中のMn濃度と第2相中のMn濃度の比を0.70以上とすることが困難となる。また巻取り温度が300℃未満では熱延板の形状が悪化したり、熱延板の強度が過度に上昇し冷間圧延が困難となる。従って、巻取り温度は300℃以上570℃以下とする。
750~900℃の温度域で下式を満す条件で焼鈍する。
15≦t≦47.6×10−10/exp(−27016/(T+273))
t:保持時間(s)
T:焼鈍温度(℃)
焼鈍温度が750℃未満の場合、または保持(焼鈍)時間が15s未満の場合は、焼鈍時のオーステナイトの生成が不十分となり、焼鈍冷却後に必要な量の低温変態相が確保できなくなる。一方、焼鈍温度が900℃を超えると、焼鈍時のオーステナイトが著しく増加し、焼鈍冷却後に必要な量のフェライトが確保できなくなる。また、保持時間が47.6×10−10/exp(−27016/(T+273))秒を超えると、焼鈍時のオーステナイト相へのMnの濃化が過度に進み、最終組織でフェライト相中のMn濃度と第2相中のMn濃度の比を0.70以上とすることが困難となる。
500~600℃の温度域において、Tave:平均保持温度(℃)、th:保持時間(s)が、下式;
0.45≦exp[200/(400−Tave)]×ln(th)≦1.0
を満たす条件でめっき層の合金化処理を行う。
なお、exp(X)、ln(X)はそれぞれXの指数関数、自然対数を示す。
使用する鋼スラブは、成分のマクロ偏析を防止するために連続鋳造法で製造するのが好ましいが、造塊法、薄スラブ鋳造法で製造してもよい。また、鋼スラブを製造したのち、いったん室温まで冷却し、その後再度加熱する従来法に加え、室温まで冷却しないで、温片のままで加熱炉に挿入する、あるいはわずかの保熱をおこなった後に直ちに圧延する直送圧延・直接圧延などの省エネルギープロセスも問題なく適用できる。
スラブ加熱温度:1100℃以上
スラブ加熱温度は、低温加熱がエネルギー的には好ましいが、加熱温度が1100℃未満では、炭化物が十分に固溶できなかったり、圧延荷重の増大による熱間圧延時のトラブル発生の危険が増大するなどの問題が生じる。なお、酸化量の増加にともなうスケールロスの増大などから、スラブ加熱温度は1300℃以下とすることが望ましい。
仕上げ圧延終了温度がAr3変態点未満では、圧延中にαとγが生成して、鋼板にバンド状組織が生成し易くなり、かかるバンド状組織は冷間圧延後や焼鈍後にも残留し、材料特性に異方性を生じさせたり、加工性を低下させる原因となる場合がある。このため、仕上げ圧延温度はAr3変態点以上とすることが望ましい。
ついで、冷間圧延を施す場合には、好ましくは熱延鋼板の表面の酸化スケールを酸洗により除去した後、冷間圧延に供して所定の板厚の冷延鋼板とする。ここに酸洗条件や冷間圧延条件は特に制限されるものではなく、常法に従えば良い。冷間圧延の圧下率は40%以上とすることが好ましい。
めっき処理は0.08~0.18%の溶解Al量のめっき浴で浴温440~500℃のめっき浴で鋼板をめっき浴中に侵入させて行い、ガスワイピングなどで付着量を調整する。
なお、溶融亜鉛めっき処理後の鋼板には、形状矯正、表面粗度等の調整のため調質圧延を行ってもよい。また、樹脂あるいは油脂コーティング、各種塗装等の処理を施しても何ら不都合はない。
限界穴広げ率λ(%)={(Df−D0)/D0}×100
ただし、Dfは亀裂発生時の穴径(mm)、D0は初期穴径(mm)である。
本発明では、λ≧70(%)の場合を良好と判定した。
Claims (7)
- 成分組成は、質量%でC:0.04%以上0.13%以下、Si:0.7%以上2.3%以下、Mn:0.8%以上2.0%以下、P:0.1%以下、S:0.01%以下、Al:0.01%以上0.1%以下を含有し、残部が鉄および不可避的不純物からなり、組織は、面積率で、75%以上のフェライト相と1%以上のベイニティックフェライト相と1%以上10%以下のパーライト相を有し、さらに、マルテンサイト相の面積率が10%以下であり、
かつ、マルテンサイト面積率/(ベイニティックフェライト面積率+パーライト面積率)≦0.6を満たし、かつフェライト相中のMn濃度と第2相中のMn濃度の比が0.70以上であることを特徴とする加工性および耐衝撃特性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。 - さらに、成分組成として、質量%で、Cr:0.05%以上1.0%以下、V:0.005%以上0.5%以下、Mo:0.005%以上0.5%以下から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の加工性および耐衝撃特性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- さらに、成分組成として、質量%で、Ti:0.01%以上0.1%以下、Nb:0.01%以上0.1%以下、B:0.0003%以上0.0050%以下、Ni:0.05%以上1.0%以下、Cu:0.05%以上1.0%以下から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の加工性および耐衝撃特性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- さらに、成分組成として、質量%で、Ca:0.001%以上0.005%以下、REM:0.001%以上0.005%以下から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の加工性および耐衝撃特性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- さらに、成分組成として、質量%で、Ta:0.001%以上0.010%以下、Sn:0.002%以上0.2%以下のうちから選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の加工性および耐衝撃特性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- さらに、成分組成として、質量%で、Sb:0.002%以上0.2%以下を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の加工性および耐衝撃特性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の成分組成を有する鋼スラブに、熱間圧延を施した後、300℃以上570℃以下の温度で巻取り製造した熱延板を酸洗し、またはさらに冷間圧延し、その後、750~900℃の温度域で、t:保持時間(s)が下式;
15≦t≦47.6×10−10/exp(−27016/(T+273))
T:焼鈍温度(℃)
を満たす条件で焼鈍した後、冷却し、450~550℃の温度域で10~200s保持し、次いで、溶融亜鉛めっきを施し、またはさらに500~600℃の温度域において、Tave:平均保持温度(℃)とth:保持時間(s)が下式;
0.45≦exp[200/(400−Tave)]×ln(th)≦1.0
を満たす条件で亜鉛めっきの合金化処理を施すことを特徴とする加工性および耐衝撃特性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
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