WO2011086038A1

WO2011086038A1 - Device having a tank and a delivery unit for reductants

Info

Publication number: WO2011086038A1
Application number: PCT/EP2011/050193
Authority: WO
Inventors: Wolfgang Maus; Ludwig Wieres; Jan Hodgson; Rolf BRÜCK
Original assignee: Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh
Priority date: 2010-01-13
Filing date: 2011-01-08
Publication date: 2011-07-21
Also published as: US20120315196A1; US10041392B2; CN102713184B; RU2543093C2; KR101385349B1; KR20120113258A; KR20140095563A; JP2013517411A; JP5848257B2; EP2524119A1; RU2012134514A; CN102713185A; EP2524119B1; WO2011086039A1; DE102010004612A1; US20120321525A1; RU2012134512A; JP2013517412A; CN102713184A; US9840958B2

Abstract

The invention relates to a device comprising at least one tank (1) having a tank floor (5) and a delivery unit (8) for a liquid (2), wherein the delivery unit (8) is disposed in a chamber (9) on the tank floor (5), and the chamber (9) comprises at least one heater (29). The device preferably has a tank (1) having at least one local ventilation heater (40) extending from a discharge (10) for liquid (2) on the tank floor (5) over at least one tank face (6) to the vicinity of a tank cover (7).

Description

Device with a tank and a conveyor unit

The present invention relates to a device which has a tank with a tank bottom and a liquid conveying unit, the liquid being in particular a liquid reducing agent for exhaust gas aftertreatment. To remove nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) in the exhaust gas stream of internal combustion engines, a liquid reducing agent is preferably injected into the exhaust stream to convert the nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust stream by means of a catalyst in elemental nitrogen (N ₂ ) and water (H ₂ 0). As the liquid reducing agent, an active substance, for example, ammonia (NH ₃ ) and / or urea (CH ₄ N ₂ O) is preferably dissolved in water and added thereto. For the storage of the liquid reducing agent, a tank is provided, which cooperates with a delivery unit, so that a promotion of the reducing agent from the tank to the exhaust gas flow is made possible.

In the promotion or the storage of this reducing agent, a number of technical problems are given to admit a predetermined amount of the reducing agent to the exhaust gas flow under all operating conditions. These problems are in particular due to the fact that the liquid reducing agent, in particular aqueous urea solution, can freeze. For example, to prevent freezing of the liquid reducing agent, antifreeze agent may be added so that the freezing point of aqueous urea solution, which is usually about -11 ^° C, is lowered to as low as -40 ^° C.

Nevertheless, even with the use of such an anti-freeze protection agent or freezing point depressant it must be ensured that the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas flow are reduced even at very low temperatures in the surroundings of the motor vehicle. For this purpose, it is if necessary, first thaw or melt the reducing agent. For this purpose, various solutions have already been proposed for heating the tank and / or a partial volume of the tank. However, these solutions are sometimes unsuitable for repeated defrosting and freezing in a manner that can safely add liquid reductant to the exhaust gas stream.

Particular difficulties arise when removal of the liquid reducing agent takes place near the tank bottom and through the tank bottom. For this case, it has been found, for example, that the frozen reducing agent can be thawed by means of a heater at the bottom of the tank, however, that overlying areas of the frozen liquid can not be achieved and thus a thick ice cover remains around the removal point. However, the suction of the liquefied reducing agent leads to a vacuum, against which the pumps commonly used here can not work.

On this basis, it is an object of the present invention, at least partially solve the problems described with reference to the prior art.

In particular, the problem to be solved is to specify a heating strategy or a heat management, with which a targeted and sufficient thawing of frozen reducing agent is achieved shortly after the start. In particular, a concentrated heat input should be sought, without this local hot spots are generated, which reach a surface temperature of higher than 90 ^° C. In addition, if necessary, safeguards should be proposed that specifically influence the functionality or the heating strategy.

Another task to be mentioned is that measures should be specified that are currently in the thawing process or shortly after thawing. Operation allows proper removal of liquid reducing agent, so that in particular a substantially bubble-free promotion is possible. In addition, an object of this invention is to improve the thermal management near the extraction point and the proper removal of liquid reducing agent by a suitable return line of already promoted reducing agent towards the tank. A further object of the invention is to propose measures with which more precise information about the thawing degree or the level of liquid reducing agent during the thawing process or shortly after the thawing process is available. Another object is to specify measures with which the freezing process is already deliberate, so that less stress acts on the components of the tank or the tank itself and / or the thawing is subsequently promoted. In addition, it should be achieved that an energetically favorable heating of the tank takes place, so that only a minimum of energy must be provided by a motor vehicle.

As a further sub-task is considered to make the device so that it is easy to handle for inspection and / or maintenance. In particular, an inspection and / or maintenance of the delivery unit should be possible with not completely emptied tank. Furthermore, measures should also be specified with which a vacuum formation can be avoided in a heating when removing the reducing agent. Here, if possible, a small technical effort to be operated. To solve at least one of the above objects, a device according to the features of claim 1 is proposed. Advantageous developments, which optionally relate to other objects of the invention are given in the dependent formulated patent claims. It should be noted that the features listed individually in the claims in any technologically meaningful way, can be combined with each other and show other embodiments of the invention. The description, in particular in conjunction with the figures, explains the invention and provides additional embodiments.

Accordingly, a device comprising at least one tank with a tank bottom and a conveying unit for a liquid is proposed here, wherein the conveying unit is arranged in a chamber on the tank bottom, and the chamber has at least one heater.

The tank can basically be made of metal and / or plastic. The tank regularly has a complex geometry because it adapts to the conditions or spatial conditions in the motor vehicle. The tank can be made in one piece, but this is not mandatory. Regularly the tank can be assigned a tank bottom, one or more tank sides and a tank cover, which together define the tank interior or the tank volume. Of course, it is also possible that the tank is subdivided into several sub-volumes, so that (different) amounts of liquid are stored in the different sub-volumes.

The device also has at least one conveyor unit, wherein regularly exactly one (individual) conveyor unit will be provided. The delivery unit comprises components with which the liquid can be conveyed out of the tank (passive components such as liquid-carrying lines and active components such as apparatuses for treatment, conversion, heating, etc. of the liquid). In this regard, the delivery unit preferably comprises at least one pump. pe and corresponding delivery lines for the liquid. If appropriate, it is possible for the delivery unit to have further components, such as at least one filter, at least one sensor and / or at least one valve. It is also possible for electronic or electrical components to be integrated in the delivery unit, such as circuits, memories, computers or the like.

A "liquid" is understood to mean, in particular, a substance which has a liquid state of aggregation at least at room temperature. <br/><br/> Very particular preference is given to the liquid as a reducing agent for the treatment of nitrogen oxides, as occur in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines The liquid reducing agent may additionally comprise at least one freezing point-lowering substance, as well as small particles which do not impede the conveying, in this respect "liquid" being a generic term, in particular for exactly these reducing agent types. The delivery unit of the device according to the invention is arranged in a chamber on the tank bottom. The chamber represents in particular an inward curvature, indentation, recess or the like from the adjacent tank bottom. Thus, the chamber, starting from the tank bottom, forms a chamber height. The chamber is free of the liquid stored in the tank and at least partially receives the delivery unit. Alternatively, the chamber may also be at least partially filled or flooded with the liquid stored in the tank. Thus, the displacement volume of the chamber in the tank can be reduced. The chamber may be an integral or separate connection part of the tank bottom. It is further preferred that the chamber, preferably at the level of the adjacent tank bottom, is closed. Furthermore, it is preferred that the chamber is arranged eccentrically relative to the tank, ie near a tank side. Although the chamber preferably extends from the tank bottom, it is also possible that the chamber is disposed on a side wall of the tank and extends from the side wall of the tank. However, it is preferred that the chamber is arranged in the vicinity of the tank bottom. Hereby, in particular, a position is proposed which is closer to the tank bottom than to the tank top. The distances of the chamber to a tank top and to a tank top can be determined for example via an imaginary center of the chamber and its distance to an imaginary plane of the tank top and the distance to an imaginary plane of the tank bottom. An imaginary plane of a tank top or a tank bottom essentially reflects the position or position of the upper side of the tank or of the tank bottom. Protrusions or recesses in the tank bottom or the top of the tank need not be considered here. Preferably, the distance of such an imaginary center to the plane of the tank top is even more than twice as large, and more preferably more than five times as large as the distance of the center to the plane of the tank bottom.

It is further provided here that the chamber has at least one heater. It is particularly preferred that the heater is operated with electrical energy. The heater can basically be designed separately, be part of the conveyor unit and / or be arranged in or on a chamber wall.

The arrangement proposed here has a number of advantages. The protruding into the tank chamber allows a space-saving arrangement of the conveyor unit. The bottom of the conveyor unit also allows a complete emptying of the tank with respect to the liquid regardless of the design of the tank, for example, compared to tanks, in which the liquid is removed via a arranged on the tank ceiling conveyor unit. In addition, the chamber protruding into the tank with its heating allows the heat during thawing deeper or further into the interior into the ice. Also, the heated surface is increased locally. The preferred contour of the chamber with relatively steep (practically almost perpendicular to the tank bottom) chamber side walls also leads to a directed flow of thawed reducing agent to a predetermined area of the tank bottom is done, so that quickly thawed a large amount of the liquid and to a Removal point can be transported.

According to one embodiment of the invention it is proposed that insulation is provided at least in the region of a chamber top of the chamber. It is particularly preferred here that the thermal insulation between a chamber wall with a heater and the chamber interior is positioned with the conveyor unit. Optionally, the entire area adjacent to a heater towards the interior of the chamber or the delivery unit can be designed with one or more thermal insulation. In addition, it is very particularly preferred that the chamber has no insulation opposite the chamber top to the surroundings. This is to be achieved, in particular, that the heat provided by the at least one heater is supplied directly to the liquid in the tank adjacent to the chamber and not or significantly reduced to the interior of the chamber or the conveyor unit. In addition, it can be achieved so that when an external cold action first the conveyor unit freezes, but not the liquid in the immediate vicinity of the thermally insulated chamber wall. As a result, a safe operation of the device is ensured even with a long-term cold action at the removal point, as well as an energetically favorable and rapid thawing of frozen liquid in the case of freezing. The thermal insulation in particular has a lower heat conduction than metal or plastic. The thermal insulation preferably comprises at least ceramic or an open-pored foam.

According to one embodiment of the invention, it is also proposed that the heater be designed with at least one electric heating segment is that is arranged in heat-conducting contact at least to the chamber side wall or the chamber top. It is particularly preferred that in each case at least one electrical heating element are arranged on or in a chamber side wall and at least one electrical heating element on or in the chamber upper side. As an electrical heating element is preferably an electrical heating line into consideration, such as a heating wire, a heating foil or the like. The heater may also have at least one heating element with a heating resistor having a positive temperature coefficient. Such a heating element is also referred to as a PTC heating element (PTC = positive temperature coefficient). The heater may be printed and / or glued to the chamber wall, in particular from the inside of the chamber. It is also possible that the heater is fixed with a kind of clamp on the chamber wall. For example, a heater can be pressed by means of a clamp against the outside and / or the inside of the chamber wall. For the operation of the electrical heating segments of the heater, a corresponding power source is provided, which is specifically controlled in particular. Particularly preferred in this context is that a plurality of heating segments are provided in the direction of a chamber height of the chamber. In other words, in other words, starting from the tank bottom toward the top of the chamber, a plurality of heating segments, in particular running around the chamber and preferably arranged parallel to one another, are provided. These heating segments can in particular be operated or regulated independently of one another. In addition, it is also possible that these heating segments are designed differently, in particular with respect to the individual heating powers. It is particularly preferred that the potential heating of the heating segments in the direction of the chamber height decreases from bottom to top. In other words, in other words, a heating segment disposed near the tank bottom allows greater heat input into the tank interior than a heating segment located closer to the chamber top. According to a further development, it is also proposed that the heater comprises at least one self-regulating heating segment. This means in particular that (automatically) is monitored or regulated, and that a predetermined temperature is not exceeded in the contact area with the chamber towards the liquid. In this case, the heating power can be designed so that at a temperature of the liquid of about 0 ^° C, a maximum surface temperature of the chamber wall (eg 90 ^° C or even only 70 ^° C) even in areas where, for example during the thawing process significant proportion of liquid is present, is not exceeded. For this purpose, for example, a heating material can be used which undergoes a temperature-dependent (electrical) resistance change and thus regulates the heating power itself as a result of the change in resistance. A PTC heating element is self-regulating in this sense. Another option for designing a self-regulating heating element is a bi-metal switch. A bi-metal switch is made of two different materials with different thermal expansion coefficients. A bi-metal switch may be configured to disconnect an electrical connection as soon as a temperature is above a threshold temperature. In the heater, such a bi-metal switch may be provided to independently regulate the heater to a predetermined heating temperature. Also, for a self-regulating heating element within the heating element, an independent control unit, consisting of a temperature sensor, a controller and a variable resistor, may be provided.

If necessary, additional switches, in particular so-called thermal switches, may be provided in order to carry out a two-point control for the individual heating segments.

According to a further aspect of the invention, it is also proposed that the at least one heater is set up as a level gauge. This is especially true in the event that the heater is designed with fuel, which has a temperature-dependent electrical resistance. As a result of the contact of the heating with the environment towards the tank can be at different heights of the chamber determined different temperatures and thus obtained just for the thawing period of information about the liquid level or the height of the liquid level around the chamber around. This also applies in particular to the condition when large parts of the liquid in the tank are still frozen, for example even where a level meter may be provided for the entire tank. Here, in particular, an energy consideration for determining the fill level or the liquid level can be used. The amount of energy required to heat up the filling of the tank is proportional to the capacity at least in a certain temperature range. From the amount of heat introduced into the tank can therefore be closed to the level in the tank.

The specific heat capacity of the liquid in the tank is also regularly dependent on the physical state of the liquid. For example, frozen water has a specific heat capacity of 2.06 kJ / (kg K) [kilojoules per kilogram and Kelvin]. Liquid water has a specific heat capacity of 4.19 kj / (kg K) [kilojoules per kilogram and Kelvin]. Urea-water solution, which is often used as a reducing agent, has comparable heat capacities in the corresponding aggregate states. For heating the frozen liquid or for heating the liquid liquid therefore different amounts of energy are necessary. This can be used to determine the physical state of the filling of the tank as part of an energy consideration.

To improve and monitor the energy considerations and tracks may be attached as additional temperature sensors in the tank and / or on the chamber. The temperature signals of these temperature sensors can be taken into account in an energy consideration.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the heater may also include a cooling water heater. A cooling water heater can according to Art a cooling coil, which is flushed by the cooling water of a motor. Such a cooling coil may be provided on the chamber wall inside and / or outside the chamber. According to a further aspect of the invention, at least one heat conducting means may be arranged on the tank bottom near the chamber. In this case, it is particularly meant that the heating power generated with the chamber is introduced via (passive) heat-conducting means into the (adjacent or adjacent) environment of the chamber, namely into the tank bottom located there. For this purpose, separate and / or integrated heat conduction can be provided on or in the tank bottom. A heat conducting means may in particular be a metal ring embedded in the tank bottom (eg a so-called SAE connector) and / or a (cast-in) pot or a (cast-in) sleeve which forms a kind of depression or trench around the chamber trained or at least partially limited. Of course, it is possible to align the heat conduction not only to the tank bottom. It is also possible to provide the heat conducting means on the chamber wall and to distribute the heating power generated by the heater (also) across the surface of the chamber to the interior of the tank. The heat conducting means are preferably formed with metallic material.

Also preferred is an embodiment in which the heat-conducting means serves to fasten the chamber.

Thus, the heat conducting means may be at the same time a part or the entire chamber fastening, so that a simple embodiment of the chamber fastening and the heat conducting means can be achieved. According to still another aspect of the invention, there is also provided an apparatus in which a drain is provided for liquid from the tank into the chamber and a return for liquid from the chamber into the tank, the drain and return disposed at different positions of the chamber are. It is particularly preferred that the drain is arranged at a lower geodetic level than the return. In particular, it is considered advantageous that the drain is arranged close to the tank bottom, while the return is arranged on a chamber side wall opposite the drain and / or, as is particularly preferred, on the upper side of the chamber. With such an arrangement of drain and return can be ensured that air bubbles, which are optionally introduced via the return back into the tank, not directly sucked back from the drain. In addition, it can be achieved that the already funded and thus usually heated liquid is supplied to other areas of the tank by ice is expected during the thawing process. For this purpose, the return can be carried out with a tube extending to near the top of the chamber, a nozzle or the like. In addition, guide structures can be formed on the chamber wall, in particular on the upper side of the chamber, with which the liquid returned via the return runs in a targeted manner along the chamber wall, in particular uniformly, and can thus be quickly and bubble-free fed back to a liquid reservoir near the drain. Even if there is always talk of a single process and return respectively, the number can be varied, so that z. B. several returns are provided. Furthermore, it should be noted that a shut-off device can also affect several components or fluid lines (together). However, it may also be advantageous that the drain and the return are directly together. Preferably, however, the return is then arranged above the drain, so that air bubbles that get out of the return, as possible, do not come into contact with the process. In such an embodiment, only a single opening in the chamber wall may be required to carry out drain and return. So the number of necessary seals can be reduced. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the device described above, it is also proposed that at least the drain or the return has a drainage barrier. It is very particularly preferred that both the drain and the return have a drainage barrier. A drainage barrier can be designed with an electrical actuating unit (eg valve, etc.) and / or a mechanical actuating unit (flap, spring system, etc.). The drain barrier is designed so that upon activation of the drain barrier passage of liquid through the drain and / or return is prevented. This applies in particular to the case when the delivery unit is removed from the chamber or with the chamber from the tank, for example for inspection operations or for maintenance. Such a drainage barrier therefore allows the liquid still in the tank not to run out during or after removal of the delivery unit. It is very particularly preferred that the drainage barrier cooperate with at least one component of the delivery unit and / or the chamber wall, so that in the mounted state of the delivery unit or the chamber, the drainage barrier is automatically opened and automatically closes upon removal. According to a further aspect of the invention, a device is also proposed, in which the tank has at least one local ventilation heater which, starting from a drain for liquid starting at the tank bottom, extends over at least one tank side into the vicinity of a tank ceiling. In particular, the vent heater is designed or configured in such a way that it forms at least one channel at the tank boundary when the liquid in the tank is frozen. Thus, the vent heater heat of the frozen liquid to such that substantially continuous uninterrupted area with a locally concentrated heat input is formed. This vent heater runs continuously from the drain for liquid at the tank bottom to a tank side along the bottom of the tank and then along the sides of the tank to the vicinity of the tank ceiling. This means in particular that the vent heater extends over at least 50% of the height of the tank side, preferably even over at least 80%, and most preferably up to the maximum liquid level in the tank. Thus, with the ventilation heating, a connection between the gas volume above the liquid in the tank and the outlet can be realized, so that a vacuum formation in the region of the outlet or the chamber is just prevented. In principle, it is possible for a (separate) ventilation heater to be provided concretely for this purpose, but it is also possible, for example, for a large-area heating of the tank locally, ie in a small, exactly predetermined, delimited area opposite the tank side (specifically or specifically) to separate).

In this context, it is also considered advantageous that the at least one local ventilation heater is arranged linearly in a guide of the tank. For this purpose, it is possible that a groove is provided on the outside and / or inside of or in the tank boundary (tank bottom, tank side). This may be attached as a separate component to the tank bottom or the tank side, an integrated, one-piece design is preferred. It is very particularly preferred if the guide is already formed during the production of the tank. In the event that the guide is formed towards the interior of the tank, it may optionally serve (in part) as a boundary for the channel to be formed and / or as protection for circulating ice pieces. In the event that a guide is provided on the outside of the tank, it can serve to fix the heating. The guide represents in particular a partial enclosure of the vent heater.

In addition, it is considered to be particularly advantageous that the at least one local ventilation heater is at least partially formed with a heated injection line which extends from the delivery unit to an injector for the liquid. Especially in the scope of the invention in the reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases of mobile internal combustion engines, the liquid or the reducing agent is heated during the promotion to an injector. To these sem purpose, if necessary, pipes and / or hoses are used, which have electric heaters. Here it is now proposed to arrange this heated injection line in heat-conducting contact with the tank, so that the heat generated there is also discharged to the tank bottom or the tank side. If necessary, this at least partially remove the thermal insulation of the heated injection line, so that a heat release is also possible to the liquid in the tank to a significant extent. Alternatively or additionally, the heated injection line can be designed such that it has at least two partial regions which differ in their heat transfer coefficient. This can be done for example by forming partial areas with different thermal insulation. Particularly preferred here is an embodiment in which a first portion is arranged with a first heat transfer coefficient on the tank, while a second, not arranged on the tank portion has a second heat transfer coefficient, which is lower than the first heat transfer coefficient. In principle, it is possible for the heated injection line to be guided inside the tank, but a configuration in which the heated injection line is fixed in an externally arranged guide is preferred. In the former case, the first subarea of the heated injection line is preferably the subarea which is passed through the interior of the tank, while the second subarea of the heated injection line is the subarea that lies outside the tank.

Preferred is an embodiment in which a thermal insulation is formed, which is connected to a cover, with which the guide is releasably closed. This advantageously allows a configuration in which the heat transfer to the outside through the thermal insulation is less than the heat transfer into the tank. Due to the releasable closeability, the guide and the components housed therein are easily accessible for inspection or maintenance. Moreover, it is also possible to form the at least one local vent heater at least partially with a tank attachment to a motor vehicle. When fixing such devices to a motor vehicle, z. B. so-called tension bands used, which abut the outside sections of the tank. Also, such tension bands can be designed with a heater and bring through their system heat in the interior of the tank. Thus, these components can also be used to form at least one such vent heater with a local effect for the targeted expression of channels near the tank boundary.

The preferred field of application of the present invention is the device for a reducing agent supply device for motor vehicles with an internal combustion engine which emits exhaust gas into an exhaust system. The reducing agent supply device is integrated in the motor vehicle by the tank is attached to the motor vehicle. The reducing agent supply device is set up, in particular using a corresponding control, to add reducing agent to the exhaust gas system as needed.

The invention and the technical environment will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. It should be noted that the figures show particularly preferred embodiments, to which the invention is not limited. In the figures, the same components are provided with the same reference numerals. The figures are schematic. 1 shows a device with a tank and a conveyor unit in a motor vehicle, a detail of a device with a partially insulated chamber, 3 shows a chamber with several heating segments,

4 shows a detail of the device with a maintenance-friendly arrangement of the components in the chamber,

5 shows a further embodiment of the device with a local ventilation heater, FIG. 6 shows a detail of an embodiment of a local ventilation heater,

7 shows a detail of an embodiment of the device with a special sump heater, and FIG. 8 shows a detail of a further embodiment of the device with a special sump heater.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a motor vehicle 22 for storing a liquid 2, in particular for storing liquid reducing agent such as an aqueous urea solution. The tank 1 forms an interior through its boundary walls, which are here formed with an upper tank cover 7, a bottom tank bottom 5 and intermediate tank sides 6. The tank 1 shown here also has a filling opening 3 in the tank cover 7, via which the tank 1 can be filled with liquid 2 as needed. It is also common that such a tank 1 has one or more level gauge 4, with which the current level of the liquid 2 in the tank 1 can be determined.

Off-center on the tank bottom 5 is now a chamber 9 is formed, in which a conveyor unit 8 is arranged. In the chamber 9 there is no liquid 2, but there are the components for conveying the liquid 2 from the tank 1 to an injector 17 are arranged. The delivery unit 8 removes liquid 2 via a drain 10, which is also arranged in the vicinity of the tank bottom 5, from the interior of the tank 1. The delivery unit 8 comprises (in the sequence of flow indicated here starting from the outlet 10) first a filter 13, then a pump 14 and a valve 16, with which the liquid is directed to the injector 17. In the line section between the pump 14 and the valve 16, a sensor 15 may be provided, in particular a pressure sensor or a temperature sensor or a combination of pressure and temperature sensor. The valve 16 allows alternatively for forwarding the liquid 2 to an injector 17 and the promotion to a return 11, through which the liquid 2 is again supplied to the tank 1 and consequently exits from the chamber 9 into the tank again.

For the operation of the pump 14, the valve 16, the injector 17 and / or other components, a controller 18 may be provided, which is connected to signal conductors 23 with the components. In addition, the controller 18 may be connected to various sensors and / or higher level controls (such as a motor controller) to trigger the boost or heater as needed. The controller 18 may also be integrated into the chamber 9. The liquid 2 conveyed with the delivery unit 8 is supplied via the injector 17 to an exhaust gas line 19, through which exhaust gas flows with a predetermined flow direction 20. In this case, an evaporation (for example a thermophoresis) or conversion (for example a hydrolysis) of the liquid 2 to a reducing agent for nitrogen oxides can take place, if appropriate with the aid of catalytically active substances. This mixture of reducing agent and exhaust gas can then be fed to an exhaust gas treatment unit 21, in particular a catalytic converter, so that the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas line 19 are reduced. The addition of the liquid 2 is preferably carried out taking into account the amount of liquid 2 required in the waste gas line 19.

Fig. 2 shows a detail of a tank, with particular focus on the design of the chamber 9 is placed. Shown here is the condition of the tank 1, in which the liquid is largely frozen and the Aufhof tau process has already partially occurred. Accordingly, a space 24 is formed around the chamber 9, which is surrounded by the frozen liquid 25. The thawed or melted partial volume of the liquid 2 now accumulates around the chamber 9 in the vicinity of the tank bottom 5. In this case, the chamber 9 is now formed so that the drain 10 is disposed near the tank bottom 5, ie in the liquid 2. In contrast, the return 11 is disposed above the liquid 2 and in this case additionally has a manifold 26, for example in the manner of a nozzle , on. The already heated partial volume of the liquid 2 discharged via the return 11 now wets the wall of the space 24 or the interface of the frozen liquid 25 and thus improves the heat output towards the frozen liquid 25. In addition, guide structures 27 are provided on the chamber wall, with which the outflow of thawed liquid 2 can be adjusted via the chamber 9.

Inside the chamber 9, in addition to the components for conveying the liquid 2, namely filter 13, pump 14 and valve 16, a heater 29 is formed, which are arranged on the walls of the chamber 9 in thermally conductive contact. This heater 29 is preferably an electric heater. This heater 29 can be activated as needed and provide the area around the chamber 9 with heat. It is further illustrated here that for the heater 29 on the chamber upper side 35, a thermal insulation 28 directed towards the interior of the chamber 9 and covering the heater 29 is provided, this also in the same way towards the chamber side walls or the heater 29 arranged there is possible. The thermal insulation 28 is intended in particular to ensure that the chamber wall is thermally decoupled from the interior of the chamber 9, in particular the components arranged there and / or the underlying base plate. As a result, the lines with liquid in the interior of the chamber 9 primarily freeze and the area around the chamber 9 in the interior of the tank delays the freezing of the liquid 2 as long as possible. Fig. 3 illustrates, without an illustration of the components of the conveyor unit 8, how the heater 29 may be embodied on the chamber walls. In this case, it is shown in particular that the heater 29 has a plurality of heating segments 33 (or heating elements) which are arranged parallel and / or spaced apart from one another via the chamber height 37. Here, three heating segments extend circumferentially along the chamber side wall 34, and a flat electrical heating element 33 is provided on the chamber top 35. The three on the chamber height 37 on the chamber side wall 34 arranged heating segments 33 are designed as self-regulating heating elements, which are set up at the same time to act as a level gauge. For this purpose, the heating segments 33 are not only connected to a controller but also to a power supply 38, so that a targeted, needs-based power supply or determination of the electrical resistance is possible lent. In addition, switches 36, in particular so-called thermal switches, may be provided in order to limit the heating effect of these heating segments 33.

Fig. 4 is intended to illustrate how such a chamber 9 may be formed so that a particularly maintenance-friendly removal of the delivery unit 8 is made possible during an at least partially filled tank. For this purpose, the components of the conveying unit 8 are arranged on a (separate, eg metallic) base plate 32. The base plate 32 is connected via suitable seals 30 with the tank bottom 5 (releasably). The chamber walls, which are an integral part of the tank here, communicate with the tank interior via the outlet 10 and the return 11. With respect to these two fluid lines, separate drainage shutters 31 are provided, which are preferably removed when the base plate 32 is removed with the filter 13 Close automatically pump 14 and the valve 16 and thus prevent leakage of the liquid 2 via the drain 10 and / or the return 11. The drainage barriers 31 can be operated mechanically or electrically. In addition, it is also proposed here to provide a suitable shut-off means close to the filter 13 in order to prevent leakage in the filter 13. sensitive partial volume of liquid to avoid. This drain barrier 31 may be part of the filter or the adjacent liquid line.

FIG. 5 illustrates a further embodiment of a tank 1 with a chamber 9 arranged close to the tank bottom 5, in which a conveyor unit 8 is arranged, the chamber 9 being designed with a heater 29. Again, it is shown here that inside the tank 1 is a frozen liquid 25, which was partially melted by the heater 29 of the chamber 9. As a special feature of this tank 1, it can be pointed out here that around the chamber 9 on the tank bottom 5 a recess 41 is formed, which constitutes a kind of swamp for defrosted liquid. To this extent, this depression 41 is particularly suitable for sucking off the already defrosted or molten liquid via the outlet 10. In order to introduce the heat generated in the chamber 9 with the heater 29 in this recess 41, here heat conducting means 39 are provided which extend into this recess 41 or other areas of the tank bottom 5 inside. These heat-conducting means 39 may be formed, for example, as metallic webs, a metallic ring and / or a metallic sleeve, which are embedded on and / or in the tank bottom 5. In this embodiment, the heat conducting means 39 are part of the fastening of the chamber 9.

In order to additionally avoid creating a vacuum in the space 24 formed by the melting process, this tank 1 has a local ventilation heater 40. This local ventilation heater extends from the chamber 9 or the tank bottom near the drain 10 along the tank bottom 5 and then continues along a tank side 6 into the vicinity of a tank cover 7. This ventilation heater 40, which is designed linearly here, is designed with the heated injection line 12. The provided with a heater 29 injection line 12 extends in contact with the tank wall, so that a targeted channel 42 is melted by the heat input through the heater 29 and the tank wall in the tank interior, so that the space 24 with the room near the tank ceiling 7 is connected or can communicate with this room.

In addition, another embodiment of a ventilation heater 40 is shown in FIG. 5. In Fig. 5, a tank attachment 45 is indicated for the tank 1. This tank attachment 45 may optionally be made heatable and thus form a vent heater 40, which can melt a targeted channel 42. Optionally, a vent heater 40 may also be formed by a printed on the tank wall (electrically heatable) conductor track.

As a further embodiment of a vent heater 40, an antenna 48 is shown on the chamber 9 in FIG. 5. This antenna 48 extends over the height of the tank 1 and may have an active heater for melting a targeted channel 42. Alternatively or additionally, a heat pipe or a heat pipe can also be provided in the antenna 48, which transports heat from the chamber 9 into the antenna 48 in order to form a targeted channel 42. FIG. 6 shows a possible embodiment of such a ventilation heater 40 with a heated injection line 12 in cross-section. For this purpose, the tank 1 is formed with a guide 43 into which, for example, the injection line can be introduced or even fixed. Due to the action of the heater 29 around the injection line 12, the channel 42 is formed inside the tank 1 around the guide 43. In addition, it is provided here that an insulation 28 is arranged towards the outside of the tank 1 for a directed heat effect of the heater 29. Thus, a first portion 46 of the heated injection line 12 is formed, which is arranged on the tank 1 and a second portion 47, which faces away from the tank 1. Due to the thermal insulation 28, the second portion 47 has a heat transfer coefficient which is smaller than the heat transfer coefficient of the first portion 46. This ensures that heat is increasingly dissipated in the tank 1 and reduced to the outside. If the heated injection line 12 The thermal insulation 28 is integrated in a cover 44, with which the guide 43 (releasably) can be closed. As a result, the injection line 12 is protected.

FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 show two different details of a tank 1 of a device according to the invention. In each case, a section of the tank bottom 5 with a sump-shaped depression 41 is shown. In this depression 41, a chamber 9 is inserted from below into an opening in the tank bottom 5. The chamber 9 is sealed with a seal 30 against the tank bottom 5. The seal 30 is designed here as an O-ring seal. In order to clamp the tank bottom 5, the seal 30 and the chamber 9 together, a holding element 50 is embedded in the tank bottom 5. The holding element 50 can be cast into the tank bottom 5, for example. On the holding element 50 can attack a SAE screw 51 Ver Ver voltage.

According to the embodiment of the tank 1 shown in FIG. 7, a heater 29 is realized for the depression 41 by means of a heating conductor embedded in the tank bottom 5. The heating conductors can be, for example, a wire mesh or sheet metal strip. According to the embodiment of the tank 1 selected in FIG. 8, a heater 29 is pressed against the tank wall 5 from the inside of the tank bottom 5 for the recess 41. The heater 29 can also be designed here as a wire mesh or as a sheet metal strip. The heater 29 may be pressed with a clamp 49 against the tank bottom 5. The bracket 49 and the heater 29 may be attached to the chamber 9. Preferably, the heater 29 and the bracket 49 are designed so that they can be used together with the chamber 9 in the opening in the tank bottom 5, without requiring an assembly within the tank 1 is required.

For the sake of completeness, it should be noted that the embodiments of the chamber 9, the heater 29, which are individually shown in the figures, are shown in FIG Vent heater 40 and the drain locks 31 are separately an advantageous development of the known art, which may optionally be implemented independently.

List of Reference Numbers 1 tank

2 liquid

3 filling opening

4 level gauge

5 tank bottom

6 tank side

7 tank cover

8 conveyor unit

9 chamber

10 expiry

11 return

12 Inj tion management

13 filters

14 pump

15 sensor

16 valve

17 injector

18 control

19 Angasleitung

20 flow direction

21 exhaust treatment unit

22 motor vehicle

23 signal conductors

24 room

25 frozen liquid

26 distributors

27 lead structure

28 insulation

29 heating

30 seal 31 drainage barrier

32 base plate

33 heating segment

34 chamber side wall

35 chamber top

36 switches

37 chamber height

38 power supply

39 heat conduction

40 ventilation heating

41 deepening

42 channel

43 leadership

44 cover

45 tank attachment

46 first section

47 second subarea

48 antenna

49 clip

50 retaining element

51 SAE closure

Claims

claims

Device comprising at least one tank (1) with a tank bottom (5) and a liquid-conveying unit (8), wherein the conveyor unit (8) is arranged in a chamber (9) on the tank bottom (5), and the Chamber (9) has at least one heater (29).

Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heater (29) is designed with at least one electric heating segment (33), which is arranged in heat-conducting contact at least to the chamber side wall (34) or the chamber top (35).

Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the tank (1) has at least one local vent heater (40) extending from a drain (10) for liquid (2) on the tank bottom (5) via at least one tank side (6) in the vicinity of a tank cover (7) extends.

Device according to claim 3, wherein the at least one local vent heater (40) is arranged linearly in a guide (43) of the tank (1).

Device according to claim 3 or 4, in which the at least one local ventilation heater (40) is formed at least partially with a heated injection line (12) extending from the delivery unit (8) to an injector (17) for the liquid (2). extends.

6. The device according to claim 5, wherein the heated injection line (12) is designed so that they at least two Teilbe- rich (46, 47), which differ in their heat transfer coefficient.

Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a first portion (46) having a first heat transfer coefficient is disposed on the tank, while a second portion (47) not disposed on the tank has a second heat transfer coefficient lower than the first heat transfer coefficient.

Device according to one of the claims 4 to 7, wherein a thermal insulation (28) is formed, which is connected to a cover (44), with which the guide (43) is releasably closed.

Device according to one of the claims 3 to 8, wherein the at least one local vent heater (40) is at least partially formed with a tank attachment (45) to a motor vehicle (22).