WO2015181225A1 - Heater for a device for providing a liquid additive - Google Patents

Heater for a device for providing a liquid additive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015181225A1
WO2015181225A1 PCT/EP2015/061687 EP2015061687W WO2015181225A1 WO 2015181225 A1 WO2015181225 A1 WO 2015181225A1 EP 2015061687 W EP2015061687 W EP 2015061687W WO 2015181225 A1 WO2015181225 A1 WO 2015181225A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resistance heating
heater
heating element
liquid additive
switchable resistance
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/061687
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sonny BORSOI
Georges Maguin
Cheikh Diouf
Original Assignee
Continental Automotive Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Continental Automotive Gmbh filed Critical Continental Automotive Gmbh
Priority to KR1020167031900A priority Critical patent/KR20160145154A/en
Priority to CN201580026058.6A priority patent/CN106460609A/en
Priority to US15/311,047 priority patent/US20170159523A1/en
Priority to EP15725012.7A priority patent/EP3148830A1/en
Priority to RU2016151234A priority patent/RU2016151234A/en
Publication of WO2015181225A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015181225A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/12—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being in solid form, e.g. pellets or powder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1406—Storage means for substances, e.g. tanks or reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1486—Means to prevent the substance from freezing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heater for a device for providing a liquid additive.
  • a device for providing a liquid additive can be used for example in a motor vehicle in order to supply a waste gas treatment device of the motor vehicle with a liquid additive for exhaust gas purification.
  • Exhaust treatment devices using a liquid additive for exhaust gas purification are widely used, particularly in diesel internal combustion engine vehicles.
  • nitrogen oxide compounds in the exhaust gas are reduced to harmless substances (water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen) with the aid of the liquid additive.
  • urea-water solution is often used for the SCR process.
  • Urea-water solution is available, for example, under the trade name AdBlue® with a urea content of -32.5% by weight as a liquid additive for waste gas purification. Such a urea-water solution is often referred to as a reducing agent precursor or reducing agent precursor solution.
  • Urea water solution is converted to ammonia for exhaust gas purification. This conversion can take place exhausts in a dedicated reactor or within the exhaust system within the exhaust system to ammonia. The actual reduction reaction of the nitrogen oxide compounds in the exhaust gas takes place with the ammonia.
  • a problem in providing liquid additives for exhaust gas purification in a motor vehicle is that the commonly used liquid additives can freeze at low temperatures.
  • the described urea-water solution freezes, for example, at -11 ° C. Such a low temperature In motor vehicles, in particular during long periods of standstill of the motor vehicle in winter occur.
  • devices for providing liquid additive can be heated in order to counteract the problem of freezing. By heating on the one hand can be prevented that the liquid additive freezes. At the same time, it can be ensured by the heating that, during a starting phase in winter, a device can quickly provide liquid additive, because the additive frozen by the heating is thawed.
  • the problem with the heating of liquid additive is that the liquid additive must not exceed a maximum temperature.
  • an upper limit temperature for example, an upper limit temperature of about 110 ° C, in particular 80 ° C or 60 ° C. If necessary, reaction processes within the liquid additive begin above this (upper) limit temperature.
  • conversion process here includes in particular the precipitation of solid particles from the liquid additive or the (partial) conversion of liquid additive into ammonia. For example, precipitated solid particles are crystalline urea precipitates that can form deposits in the device.
  • PTC positive temperature coefficient
  • a heater for a device for providing a liquid additive should be very quickly activated to quickly heat liquid additive at a start of a motor vehicle and quickly to allow liquid additive for the frozen additive in the device or in a tank Exhaust gas purification is provided. Based on this, it is an object of the present invention to solve the technical problems described or at least alleviate. For this purpose, a particularly advantageous heating for a device for providing a liquid additive to be disclosed. These objects are achieved with a heater according to the features of claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the heater are given in the dependent formulated claims. The features listed individually in the claims can be combined with one another in any technologically meaningful manner and can be supplemented by explanatory facts from the description and the figures, wherein further embodiments of the invention are shown.
  • the invention relates to a heater for a device for providing a liquid additive in a motor vehicle, comprising at least one switchable resistance heating element, which is connected in series with at least one switch element, with which the at least one first resistance heating element can be activated and deactivated, and at least one permanent resistance heating element, which is connected in parallel to the at least one switchable resistance heating element and the at least one switch element.
  • the switchable resistance heating elements and permanent resistance heating elements connected in parallel with one another are preferably connected to a common current source which can be activated and deactivated.
  • the common power source makes it possible to activate and deactivate both the switchable resistance heating elements and the permanent resistance heating elements (jointly).
  • the switch elements which are connected in series (only) to the switchable resistance heating elements, also make it possible to operate permanent resistance heating elements when the switchable resistance heating element is deactivated.
  • a heat transfer coefficient can usually be identified, which describes the extent to which heat passes from the heater to the liquid additive.
  • the heat transfer coefficient describes the heat flow from the heater into the liquid additive as a function of a temperature difference between the heater and the liquid additive.
  • the heat transfer coefficient depends on the thermal conductivity of the individual components of the device.
  • a heat capacity can be identified, which describes the storage capacity of the device for heat.
  • the heat capacity describes what proportion of the heat produced by a heater is first consumed to heat the device before heating of the liquid additive occurs.
  • the heat capacity depends on the specific heat capacity of the individual components of the device.
  • the heat transfer coefficients and the heat capacity cause during heating a time-dependent temperature difference between the heating and the liquid additive in the device, which can be described and determined, for example, with a differential equation or even with a system of differential equations. It has already been described above that temperatures above a limiting temperature (of, for example, a maximum of 110 ° C. or a maximum of 80 ° C. or 60 ° C.) should not also occur locally when heating liquid additive in order to avoid reaction of the liquid additive.
  • the at least one permanent resistance heating element is dimensioned such that even with a (permanent) operation of the permanent resistance heating element within the device and in the liquid additive no temperatures can occur and / or can be generated which exceed such a limit temperature.
  • the at least one permanent resistance heating element can be dimensioning as a function of the heat capacities and the heat transfer coefficients.
  • the possible heating power of the at least one permanent resistance heating element in relation to the heat capacity and the heat transfer coefficient of the device is so low that temperatures above the limit temperature can not occur locally when operating the heater when the switchable resistance heating element is deactivated.
  • the at least one switchable resistance heating element makes it possible to provide very high heating powers in order to heat a device for the liquid additive quickly.
  • the heating is particularly advantageous if the electrical resistances of the at least one switchable resistance heating element and of the at least one permanent resistance heating element are designed such that a proportion between 70% and 95% of the heating power of the heating of the at least one switchable resistance heating element is generated when the at least one switchable resistance heating element is activated.
  • the at least one permanent resistance heating element has a share of the heating power between 5% and 30%.
  • the proportion of the permanent resistance heating element is preferably between 8% and 15% and the proportion of the switchable resistance heating element accordingly between 85% and 92% of the heating power. It has been found that such a design of the permanent resistance heating element and the switchable resistance heating element can achieve that local overheating (local violations of the limit temperature) is effectively avoided.
  • heating is advantageous if it has at least one temperature sensor and at least one control component with which the at least one switch element and the at least one switchable resistance heating element can be activated and deactivated depending on a temperature determined with the at least one temperature sensor.
  • the at least one switchable resistance heating element is deactivated by the at least one switch by an electrically conductive connection is interrupted by the switch. Upon activation, the switch establishes an electrically conductive connection.
  • the at least one temperature sensor provides the control component with temperature information, and the control component activates and deactivates the switch element in dependence on this temperature information.
  • a temperature sensor for example, the temperature of the liquid additive and / or the temperature of the heater can be determined to determine a (local) overheating of the liquid additive.
  • the control component may be, for example, an electronic component.
  • the control component can also be part of a control unit of a motor vehicle.
  • the tax- Component is preferably connected via an (electrical) signal line to the temperature sensor and the at least one switch element.
  • the temperature sensor may, for example, be a resistance temperature sensor whose electrical resistance changes as a function of the temperature.
  • the temperature sensor can also be an infrared sensor within a device for providing liquid additive, with which the temperature can be determined indirectly (via infrared radiation).
  • Temperature sensors are a particularly effective way to detect overheating of the liquid additive in a device for providing liquid additive and effectively reduce or prevent by means of a control of the heating power.
  • the at least one control component (also further information) obtained, which are taken into account when activating and deactivating the switch element.
  • the switchable resistance heating element can only be operated for a certain, predetermined period of, for example, between 5 and 20 minutes when the heating is activated.
  • the heater is designed in the manner of a heating foil, wherein the at least one switchable resistance heating element and the at least one permanent resistance heating element are arranged as conductor tracks on the heating foil.
  • a heating foil is usually a flat structure with a (ground) surface.
  • a heating foil can, for example, rest on a tank wall of a tank for the liquid additive and thus produce a large area of the liquid additive in a tank. to warm. This allows a particularly effective heat transfer from the heater to the liquid additive.
  • Conductor tracks for resistance heating elements can be produced on the heating foil, for example by means of printing processes. Such traces may also be etched into a conductive material on the heating foil.
  • At least two electrical contacts are arranged on the heating foil, via which a power supply of the heating takes place. Electrical contacts on the heating foil can also be printed. Also metallic contacts can be glued or soldered. In an advantageous embodiment, the at least two electrical contacts form solder joints, at which electrical supply lines can be soldered to the heating foil. In a further particularly advantageous embodiment variant of the heating foil, at least one of the following components is likewise arranged on the heating foil:
  • Such switch elements and electronic control components or temperature sensors can optionally also be arranged on the heating foil with the same production methods (for example printing method and / or etching), for example by means of printing methods.
  • a flexible heating foil can, for example, be adapted to different (in particular irregular) shaped regions of a tank or a tank wall.
  • a flexible heating foil may, for example, comprise a flexible (for example rubber-like) carrier material, on which the individual components (resistance heating elements, switch elements, control components, etc.) are arranged.
  • the heater with a plurality of switchable resistance heating elements and a plurality of switch elements each associated with a switchable resistance heating element, wherein the switchable resistance heating elements are each arranged in different surface portions of the heater.
  • Such a heater preferably has a planar extension with a surface and is particularly preferably a heating foil. Through several surface sections, each having a switchable resistance heating, it is possible to adjust the heating power of the heater locally (individually). For example, in areas of the low-temperature heating, a higher heating power can be provided than in areas of the heating in which higher temperatures are present. Thus, an individual adaptation of the heating power to the respective (locally) present conditions is possible.
  • a heater is particularly advantageous if at least one switchable resistance heating element is assigned at least one temperature sensor and this switchable resistance heating element can be activated and deactivated depending on a temperature determined with the at least one temperature sensor and with the aid of at least one associated switch element and at least one control component ,
  • An arrangement of exactly one temperature sensor is preferably provided for each switchable resistance heating element, with which temperature information for this switchable resistance heating element can be obtained in order to activate and deactivate a switch element of this switchable resistance heating element as a function of the temperature information.
  • each switchable resistance heating element it is also possible that exactly one control component is provided for each switchable resistance heating element.
  • the temperature information of several temperature sensors are processed in a control component, which is set up for the control (activation and deactivation) of several switch elements.
  • the Temperature sensors are each arranged centrally in the region of the respective switchable resistance heating element. Such an arrangement makes it possible in a particularly effective manner to determine the temperature at the respective switchable resistance heating elements and then to activate and deactivate these switchable resistance heating elements selectively and individually.
  • the at least one switchable resistance heating element, the at least one switch element and the at least one control component of the heater can also be set up for a clocked mode of operation in which the at least one switchable resistance heating element is activated and deactivated again for a short time in order to generate reduced heating powers.
  • a device for providing liquid additive in a motor vehicle comprising a tank for storing the liquid additive with a tank wall, wherein at least one described electric heater is arranged on an outer side of the tank wall so that liquid additive in the tank is heated by the tank wall.
  • the device preferably comprises a delivery module which has a housing which is integrated in a bottom of the tank in the tank wall of the tank.
  • the bottom of the tank wall for this purpose has an opening into which the housing is inserted, so that the housing closes the opening.
  • the Housing then extends into an interior of the tank.
  • the housing then forms a portion of the tank wall.
  • An inside of the housing then forms an outside of the tank wall.
  • the described heater is arranged on the inside of the housing and thus able to heat through the tank wall formed by the housing, the liquid additive in the tank.
  • the heater is a flexible heating foil, which can be adapted to the shape of the housing.
  • a motor vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine and an exhaust gas treatment device for cleaning the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine, and a device for providing liquid additive for the exhaust gas treatment device with a described electric heater.
  • FIGS. show particularly preferred embodiments of the invention, to which the invention is not limited.
  • the size ratios shown in the figures are only schematic. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a described heating foil
  • FIG. 2 shows a second variant of a described heating foil
  • FIG. 3 shows a device with a described heating foil
  • FIG. 4 shows a section through a housing of a delivery unit with a described heating foil
  • FIG 5 shows a motor vehicle having a device for providing a liquid additive with a described heating foil.
  • the heater 1 is shown in each case, which is designed as a heating foil 9. It can be seen that the heating foil 9 has a surface 10.
  • electrical contacts 12 can be seen in each case, via which the heater 1 can be supplied with power. Also visible are conductor tracks 11 on the heating foil, which form switchable resistance heating elements 4 and permanent resistance heating elements 6. Furthermore, switch elements 5, (electronic) control components 8 and temperature sensors 7 can be seen.
  • two supply conductors 23 are provided, via which a plurality of switchable resistance heating elements 4 can be energized, each having a switch element 5, an electronic control component 8 and a temperature sensor 7.
  • a plurality of switchable resistance heating elements 4 can be energized, each having a switch element 5, an electronic control component 8 and a temperature sensor 7.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are not limited in particular with regard to the arrangement of temperature sensors 7, control components 8 and switch elements 5. These elements (switch elements 5, control components 8 and temperature sensors 7) can also be arranged outside the heater 1, for example, on other components of a device for providing liquid additive.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are not limited in terms of the arrangements and number of switchable resistance heating elements 4 and permanent resistance heating elements 6 shown there. Resistance heating elements can be arranged arbitrarily on the heating foil. In each case, meander-shaped resistance heating elements are particularly suitable because relatively high electrical resistances and a uniform distribution of the electrical heating power can be achieved by meander-shaped structures.
  • FIG. 3 shows a tank 15 for a liquid additive, comprising a tank wall 29.
  • a housing 14 is integrated in the region of a tank bottom, in which a pump 22 is located. With the pump 22, liquid additive 28 can be removed from the tank 15 at a suction point 20. This liquid additive is provided by the pump 22 at a supply port 21.
  • a described heater 1 On the inner side 16 of the housing 14 is a described heater 1, which extends flat along the inner side 16 of the housing.
  • the liquid additive is present in the tank as frozen additive 27. Within the frozen additive 27, an ice cavity 19 is formed which has been generated by the heater 1 by melting the frozen additive 27 into liquid additive 28.
  • Fig. 4 shows the section AA shown in Fig. 3 through the housing 14 of the device 2. To see the heater 1 with the electrical contacts 12 and the pump 22 and the suction point 20. The heater 1 is located on an inner side 16 of the housing 14, wherein the inside of the housing 14 forms an outer side 30 of the tank 15.
  • Fig. 5 shows a motor vehicle 3 comprising an internal combustion engine 17 and an exhaust gas treatment device 18 for cleaning the exhaust gases of the combustion engine 17 in the exhaust gas treatment device 18, an SCR catalyst 26 is arranged to perform the method of selective catalytic reduction.
  • the exhaust gas treatment device 18 can be fed with a liquid addition additive from a tank 15 by means of an adding device 25.
  • the addition- Device 25 is supplied by a arranged in the tank 15 device 2 via a line 24 with liquid additive.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a heater (1) for a device (2) for providing a liquid additive in a motor vehicle (3), comprising at least one switchable resistance heating element (4), which is connected in series with at least one switch element (5), by means of which the at least one resistance heating element (4) can be activated and deactivated, and comprising at least one permanent resistance heating element (6), which is connected in parallel with the at least one switchable resistance heating element (4) and the at least one switch element (5).

Description

Heizung für eine Vorrichtung zur  Heating for a device for
Bereitstellung eines flüssigen Additivs  Provision of a liquid additive
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Heizung für eine Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung eines flüssigen Additivs. Eine Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung eines flüssigen Additivs kann beispielsweise in einem Kraftfahrzeug eingesetzt werden, um einer Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung des Kraftfahrzeugs ein flüssiges Additiv zur Abgasreinigung zuzuführen. Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtungen, in denen ein flüssiges Additiv zur Abgasreinigung verwendet wird, sind insbesondere in Kraftfahrzeugen mit Diesel- Verbrennungskraftmaschinen weit verbreitet. In derartigen Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtungen wird häufig das Abgasreinigungsverfahren der selektiven katalytischen Reduktion (SCR- Verfahren, SCR = Selective Catalytic Reduction) durchgeführt. Bei diesem Verfahren werden Stickstoffoxidverbindungen im Abgas unter Zuhilfenahme des flüssigen Additivs zu unschädlichen Substanzen (Wasser, Kohlendioxid und Stickstoff) reduziert. Als flüssiges Additiv wird für das SCR- Verfahren häufig Harnstoff-Wasser-Lösung eingesetzt. Harnstoff- Wasser-Lösung ist beispielsweise unter dem Handelsnamen AdBlue® mit einem Harnstoffgehalt von Gew. -32,5 % als flüssiges Additiv für Abgasreinigung erhältlich. Eine solche Harnstoff-Wasser-Lösung wird häufig auch als Reduktionsmittelvorläufer oder Reduktionsmittelvorläuferlösung bezeichnet. Harnstoff- Wasser-Lösung wird für die Abgasreinigung zu Ammoniak umgesetzt. Diese Umsetzung kann abgasextern in einem dafür vorgesehenen Reaktor oder abgasintern innerhalb des Abgassys- tems zu Ammoniak geschehen. Die eigentliche Reduktionsreaktion der Stickstoffoxidverbindungen im Abgas findet mit dem Ammoniak statt. The invention relates to a heater for a device for providing a liquid additive. A device for providing a liquid additive can be used for example in a motor vehicle in order to supply a waste gas treatment device of the motor vehicle with a liquid additive for exhaust gas purification. Exhaust treatment devices using a liquid additive for exhaust gas purification are widely used, particularly in diesel internal combustion engine vehicles. In such exhaust gas treatment devices, the exhaust gas purification method of selective catalytic reduction (SCR method, SCR = Selective Catalytic Reduction) is often performed. In this process, nitrogen oxide compounds in the exhaust gas are reduced to harmless substances (water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen) with the aid of the liquid additive. As a liquid additive, urea-water solution is often used for the SCR process. Urea-water solution is available, for example, under the trade name AdBlue® with a urea content of -32.5% by weight as a liquid additive for waste gas purification. Such a urea-water solution is often referred to as a reducing agent precursor or reducing agent precursor solution. Urea water solution is converted to ammonia for exhaust gas purification. This conversion can take place exhausts in a dedicated reactor or within the exhaust system within the exhaust system to ammonia. The actual reduction reaction of the nitrogen oxide compounds in the exhaust gas takes place with the ammonia.
Problematisch bei der Bereitstellung von flüssigen Additiven für die Abgasreinigung in einem Kraftfahrzeug ist, dass die üblicherweise verwendeten flüssigen Additive bei niedrigen Temperaturen einfrieren können. Die beschriebene Harnstoff-Wasser-Lösung friert beispielsweise bei -11 °C ein. Derart niedrige Tempe- raturen können in Kraftfahrzeugen insbesondere während langer Stillstandphasen des Kraftfahrzeugs im Winter auftreten. A problem in providing liquid additives for exhaust gas purification in a motor vehicle is that the commonly used liquid additives can freeze at low temperatures. The described urea-water solution freezes, for example, at -11 ° C. Such a low temperature In motor vehicles, in particular during long periods of standstill of the motor vehicle in winter occur.
Es ist bekannt, dass Vorrichtungen zur Bereitstellung von flüssigem Additiv be- heizt werden können, um der Einfrierproblematik zu begegnen. Durch die Beheizung kann einerseits verhindert werden, dass das flüssige Additiv einfriert. Gleichzeitig kann durch die Beheizung gewährleistet werden, dass bei einer Startphase im Winter eine Vorrichtung schnell flüssiges Additiv bereitstellen kann, weil durch die Beheizung eingefrorenes Additiv aufgetaut wird. It is known that devices for providing liquid additive can be heated in order to counteract the problem of freezing. By heating on the one hand can be prevented that the liquid additive freezes. At the same time, it can be ensured by the heating that, during a starting phase in winter, a device can quickly provide liquid additive, because the additive frozen by the heating is thawed.
Problematisch bei dem Beheizen von flüssigem Additiv ist, dass das flüssige Additiv eine maximale Temperatur nicht überschreiten darf. Für die beschriebene Harnstoff-Wasser-Lösung mit einem Harnstoffgehalt von 32,5 Gew.- gilt beispielsweise eine obere Grenztemperatur von ca. 110 °C, insbesondere 80 °C oder 60 °C. Oberhalb dieser (oberen) Grenztemperatur beginnen gegebenenfalls Umsetzungsprozesse innerhalb des flüssigen Additivs. Der Begriff "Umsetzungspro- zess" umfasst hierbei insbesondere die Ausscheidung von Feststoffpartikeln aus dem flüssigen Additiv oder die (teilweise) Umsetzung von flüssigem Additiv in Ammoniak. Ausgeschiedene Feststoffpartikel sind beispielsweise kristalline Harnstoffausscheidungen, die Ablagerungen in der Vorrichtung bilden können. The problem with the heating of liquid additive is that the liquid additive must not exceed a maximum temperature. For the described urea-water solution with a urea content of 32.5% by weight, for example, an upper limit temperature of about 110 ° C, in particular 80 ° C or 60 ° C. If necessary, reaction processes within the liquid additive begin above this (upper) limit temperature. The term "conversion process" here includes in particular the precipitation of solid particles from the liquid additive or the (partial) conversion of liquid additive into ammonia. For example, precipitated solid particles are crystalline urea precipitates that can form deposits in the device.
Bekannt ist daher der Einsatz von PTC-Heizelementen (PTC = positive temperature coefficient) zum Heizen von Vorrichtungen zur Bereitstellung von flüssigem Additiv. Bei PTC-Heizelementen nimmt die Heizleistung bei hohen Temperaturen (oberhalb einer materialabhängigen Grenztemperatur) sehr stark ab. Diese Grenztemperaturen können durch eine geeignete Auslegung der PTC- Heizelemente festgelegt werden. PTC-Heizelemente bestehen üblicherweise aus Bariumtitanat. Ein Problem bei der Verwendung von PTC-Heizelementen ist, dass diese relativ teuer sind. Darüber hinaus ist eine genaue Grenztemperatur bei PTC- Heizelementen häufig nicht sehr präzise einstellbar. Insbesondere ist es regelmäßig nicht möglich eine Vielzahl von PTC-Heizelementen mit exakt einheitlichen Grenztemperaturen herzustellen. Beim Beheizen einer Vorrichtung vor Bereitstellung von flüssigem Additiv ist zudem zu beachten, dass elektrische Heizenergie in einem Kraftfahrzeug üblicherweise sehr begrenzt verfügbar ist. Elektrische Energie wird in Kraftfahrzeu- gen üblicherweise mit einer Lichtmaschine aufwendig produziert. Das Beheizen einer Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung von flüssigem Additiv sollte daher möglichst wenig elektrisch Energie benötigen. It is therefore known to use PTC heating elements (PTC = positive temperature coefficient) for heating devices for providing liquid additive. In the case of PTC heating elements, the heat output at high temperatures (above a material-dependent limit temperature) decreases very sharply. These limit temperatures can be determined by a suitable design of the PTC heating elements. PTC heating elements usually consist of barium titanate. A problem with the use of PTC heating elements is that they are relatively expensive. Moreover, an accurate limit temperature for PTC heating elements is often not very precisely adjustable. In particular, it is regularly not possible to produce a plurality of PTC heating elements with exactly uniform limit temperatures. When heating a device before providing liquid additive is also to be noted that electrical heating energy is usually available in a motor vehicle very limited. Electrical energy is usually produced elaborately in automobiles with an alternator. The heating of a device for providing liquid additive should therefore require as little electrical power as possible.
Eine Heizung für eine Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung eines flüssigen Additivs sollte darüber hinaus sehr schnell aktivierbar sein, um bei einem Start eines Kraftfahrzeugs schnell flüssiges Additiv aufzuheizen und auch bei eingefrorenem flüssigem Additiv in der Vorrichtung oder in einem Tank schnell zu ermöglichen, dass flüssiges Additiv für die Abgasreinigung bereitgestellt wird. Ausgehend hiervon ist es Aufgabe der hier vorliegenden Erfindung, die geschilderten technischen Probleme zu lösen bzw. zumindest zu lindern. Hierzu soll eine besonders vorteilhafte Heizung für eine Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung eines flüssigen Additivs offenbart werden. Diese Aufgaben werden gelöst mit einer Heizung gemäß den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Heizung sind in den abhängig formulierten Ansprüchen angegeben. Die in den Ansprüchen einzeln aufgeführten Merkmale sind in beliebiger, technologisch sinnvoller Weise miteinander kombinierbar und können durch erläuternde Sachverhalte aus der Beschreibung und den Figuren ergänzt werden, wobei weitere Ausführungsvarianten der Erfindung aufgezeigt werden. In addition, a heater for a device for providing a liquid additive should be very quickly activated to quickly heat liquid additive at a start of a motor vehicle and quickly to allow liquid additive for the frozen additive in the device or in a tank Exhaust gas purification is provided. Based on this, it is an object of the present invention to solve the technical problems described or at least alleviate. For this purpose, a particularly advantageous heating for a device for providing a liquid additive to be disclosed. These objects are achieved with a heater according to the features of claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the heater are given in the dependent formulated claims. The features listed individually in the claims can be combined with one another in any technologically meaningful manner and can be supplemented by explanatory facts from the description and the figures, wherein further embodiments of the invention are shown.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Heizung für eine Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung eines flüssigen Additivs in einem Kraftfahrzeug, aufweisend mindestens ein schaltbares Widerstandsheizelement, das mit mindestens einem Schalterelement in Serie geschaltet ist, mit dem das mindestens eine erste Widerstandsheizelement aktiviert und deaktiviert werden kann, und mindestens ein permanentes Widerstandsheiz- element, welches parallel zu dem mindestens einem schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelement und dem mindestens einem Schalterelement geschaltet ist. The invention relates to a heater for a device for providing a liquid additive in a motor vehicle, comprising at least one switchable resistance heating element, which is connected in series with at least one switch element, with which the at least one first resistance heating element can be activated and deactivated, and at least one permanent resistance heating element, which is connected in parallel to the at least one switchable resistance heating element and the at least one switch element.
Die parallel zueinander geschalteten schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelemente und permanenten Widerstandsheizelemente sind vorzugsweise an eine gemeinsame Stromquelle angeschlossen, die aktivierbar und deaktivierbar ist. Über die gemeinsame Stromquelle ist es möglich, sowohl die schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelemente als auch die permanenten Widerstandsheizelemente (gemeinsam) zu aktivieren und zu deaktivieren. Die Schalterelemente, die (nur) zu den schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelementen in Serie geschaltet sind, ermöglichen es auch, permanente Widerstandsheizelemente zu betreiben, wenn das schaltbare Widerstandsheizelement deaktiviert ist. The switchable resistance heating elements and permanent resistance heating elements connected in parallel with one another are preferably connected to a common current source which can be activated and deactivated. The common power source makes it possible to activate and deactivate both the switchable resistance heating elements and the permanent resistance heating elements (jointly). The switch elements, which are connected in series (only) to the switchable resistance heating elements, also make it possible to operate permanent resistance heating elements when the switchable resistance heating element is deactivated.
In einer Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung von flüssigem Additiv mit einer Heizung kann üblicherweise ein Wärmeübergangskoeffizient identifiziert werden, der beschreibt, in welchem Maße Wärme von der Heizung in das flüssige Additiv übergeht. Der Wärmeübergangskoeffizient beschreibt den Wärmestrom von der Heizung in das flüssige Additiv in Abhängigkeit von einer Temperaturdifferenz zwischen der Heizung und dem flüssigen Additiv. Der Wärmeübergangskoeffizient hängt von der Wärmeleitfähigkeit der einzelnen Komponenten der Vorrichtung ab. In a device for providing liquid additive with a heater, a heat transfer coefficient can usually be identified, which describes the extent to which heat passes from the heater to the liquid additive. The heat transfer coefficient describes the heat flow from the heater into the liquid additive as a function of a temperature difference between the heater and the liquid additive. The heat transfer coefficient depends on the thermal conductivity of the individual components of the device.
Darüber hinaus kann in einer solchen Vorrichtung üblicherweise auch eine Wärmekapazität identifiziert werden, die die Speicherfähigkeit der Vorrichtung für Wärme beschreibt. Die Wärmekapazität beschreibt, welcher Anteil der von einer Heizung produzierten Wärme zunächst zum Erwärmen der Vorrichtung verbraucht wird bevor eine Erwärmung des flüssigen Additivs auftritt. Die Wärmekapazität hängt von der spezifischen Wärmekapazität der einzelnen Komponenten der Vorrichtung ab. In addition, in such a device usually also a heat capacity can be identified, which describes the storage capacity of the device for heat. The heat capacity describes what proportion of the heat produced by a heater is first consumed to heat the device before heating of the liquid additive occurs. The heat capacity depends on the specific heat capacity of the individual components of the device.
Die Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten und die Wärmekapazität bewirken während des Beheizens eine zeitabhängige Temperaturdifferenz zwischen der Heizung und dem flüssigen Additiv in der Vorrichtung, die beispielsweise mit einer Differentialgleichung oder sogar mit einem System von Differentialgleichungen beschrieben und ermittelt werden kann. Weiter oben wurde bereits beschrieben, dass Temperaturen oberhalb einer Grenztemperatur (von bspw. maximal 110 °C oder maximal 80 °C oder 60 °C) beim Beheizen von flüssigem Additiv auch lokal nicht auftreten sollen, um eine Umsetzung des flüssigen Additivs zu vermeiden. Vorzugsweise ist das mindestens eine permanente Widerstandsheizelement so dimensioniert, dass auch bei einem (permanenten) Betrieb des permanenten Widerstandsheizelements innerhalb der Vorrichtung und in dem flüssigen Additiv keine Temperaturen auftreten und/oder erzeugt werden können, die eine solche Grenztemperatur überschreiten. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch erreicht werden, dass das mindestens eine permanente Widerstandsheizelement in Abhängigkeit von den Wärmekapazitäten und den Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten entsprechend dimensioniert wird. Vorzugsweise ist die mögliche Heizleistung des mindestens einen permanenten Widerstandsheizelementes im Verhältnis zu der Wärmekapazität und dem Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten der Vorrichtung so gering, dass beim Betrieb der Heizung Temperaturen oberhalb der Grenztemperatur auch lokal nicht auftreten können, wenn das schalt- bare Widerstandsheizelement deaktiviert ist. The heat transfer coefficients and the heat capacity cause during heating a time-dependent temperature difference between the heating and the liquid additive in the device, which can be described and determined, for example, with a differential equation or even with a system of differential equations. It has already been described above that temperatures above a limiting temperature (of, for example, a maximum of 110 ° C. or a maximum of 80 ° C. or 60 ° C.) should not also occur locally when heating liquid additive in order to avoid reaction of the liquid additive. Preferably, the at least one permanent resistance heating element is dimensioned such that even with a (permanent) operation of the permanent resistance heating element within the device and in the liquid additive no temperatures can occur and / or can be generated which exceed such a limit temperature. This can be achieved, for example, by dimensioning the at least one permanent resistance heating element as a function of the heat capacities and the heat transfer coefficients. Preferably, the possible heating power of the at least one permanent resistance heating element in relation to the heat capacity and the heat transfer coefficient of the device is so low that temperatures above the limit temperature can not occur locally when operating the heater when the switchable resistance heating element is deactivated.
Das mindestens eine schaltbare Widerstandsheizelement ermöglicht es, sehr hohe Heizleistungen bereitzustellen, um eine Vorrichtung für das flüssige Additiv schnell zu erwärmen. The at least one switchable resistance heating element makes it possible to provide very high heating powers in order to heat a device for the liquid additive quickly.
Durch die beschriebene Heizung kann die Verwendung von PTC Materialien vermieden werden. By the described heating the use of PTC materials can be avoided.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Heizung, wenn die elektrischen Widerstände des mindestens einen schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelements und des mindestens einen permanenten Widerstandsheizelements so ausgelegt sind, dass ein Anteil zwischen 70 % und 95 % der Heizleistung der Heizung von dem mindestens einen schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelement erzeugt wird, wenn das mindestens eine schaltbare Widerstandsheizelement aktiviert ist. The heating is particularly advantageous if the electrical resistances of the at least one switchable resistance heating element and of the at least one permanent resistance heating element are designed such that a proportion between 70% and 95% of the heating power of the heating of the at least one switchable resistance heating element is generated when the at least one switchable resistance heating element is activated.
Dementsprechend hat das mindestens eine permanente Widerstandsheizelement einen Anteil an der Heizleistung zwischen 5 % und 30 %. Vorzugsweise liegen der Anteil des permanenten Widerstandsheizelements zwischen 8 % und 15 % und der Anteil des schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelements dementsprechend zwischen 85 % und 92 % der Heizleistung. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass durch eine derartige Auslegung des permanenten Widerstandsheizelements und des schaltba- ren Widerstandsheizelements erreicht werden kann, dass lokale Überhitzungen (lokale Übertretungen der Grenztemperatur) effektiv vermieden werden. Accordingly, the at least one permanent resistance heating element has a share of the heating power between 5% and 30%. The proportion of the permanent resistance heating element is preferably between 8% and 15% and the proportion of the switchable resistance heating element accordingly between 85% and 92% of the heating power. It has been found that such a design of the permanent resistance heating element and the switchable resistance heating element can achieve that local overheating (local violations of the limit temperature) is effectively avoided.
Weiterhin vorteilhaft ist die Heizung, wenn diese mindestens einen Temperatursensor und mindestens eine Steuerkomponente aufweist, mit denen das mindes- tens eine Schalterelement und das mindestens eine schaltbare Widerstandsheizelement in Abhängigkeit von einer mit dem mindestens einen Temperatursensor ermittelten Temperatur aktiviert und deaktiviert werden kann. Furthermore, heating is advantageous if it has at least one temperature sensor and at least one control component with which the at least one switch element and the at least one switchable resistance heating element can be activated and deactivated depending on a temperature determined with the at least one temperature sensor.
Das mindestens eine schaltbare Widerstandsheizelement wird dabei durch den mindestens einen Schalter deaktiviert, indem eine elektrisch leitfähige Verbindung von dem Schalter unterbrochen wird. Beim Aktivieren wird von dem Schalter eine elektrisch leitfähige Verbindung hergestellt. Der mindestens eine Temperatursensor stellt der Steuerkomponente eine Temperaturinformation bereit und die Steuerkomponente aktiviert und deaktiviert das Schalterelement in Abhängig- keit von dieser Temperaturinformation. The at least one switchable resistance heating element is deactivated by the at least one switch by an electrically conductive connection is interrupted by the switch. Upon activation, the switch establishes an electrically conductive connection. The at least one temperature sensor provides the control component with temperature information, and the control component activates and deactivates the switch element in dependence on this temperature information.
Durch einen Temperatursensor können beispielsweise die Temperatur des flüssigen Additivs und/oder die Temperatur der Heizung bestimmt werden, um eine (lokale) Überhitzung des flüssigen Additivs festzustellen. Die Steuerkomponente kann beispielsweise eine elektronische Komponente sein. Die Steuerkomponente kann auch Bestandteil eines Steuergeräts eines Kraftfahrzeugs sein. Die Steuer- komponente ist vorzugsweise über eine (elektrische) Signalleitung mit dem Temperatursensor und dem mindestens einen Schalterelement verbunden. By a temperature sensor, for example, the temperature of the liquid additive and / or the temperature of the heater can be determined to determine a (local) overheating of the liquid additive. The control component may be, for example, an electronic component. The control component can also be part of a control unit of a motor vehicle. The tax- Component is preferably connected via an (electrical) signal line to the temperature sensor and the at least one switch element.
Es können unterschiedliche Typen von Temperatursensoren verwendet werden. Der Temperatursensor kann beispielsweise ein Widerstandstemperatursensor sein, dessen elektrischer Widerstand sich in Abhängigkeit der Temperatur ändert. Der Temperatursensor kann beispielsweise auch ein Infrarotsensor innerhalb einer Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung von flüssigem Additiv sein, mit dem die Temperatur indirekt (über infrarote Strahlung) bestimmt werden kann. Different types of temperature sensors can be used. The temperature sensor may, for example, be a resistance temperature sensor whose electrical resistance changes as a function of the temperature. By way of example, the temperature sensor can also be an infrared sensor within a device for providing liquid additive, with which the temperature can be determined indirectly (via infrared radiation).
Temperatursensoren sind eine besonders effektive Möglichkeit, eine Überhitzung des flüssigen Additivs in einer Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung von flüssigem Additiv zu erkennen und mit Hilfe einer Regelung der Heizleistung effektiv zu reduzieren oder zu verhindern. Temperature sensors are a particularly effective way to detect overheating of the liquid additive in a device for providing liquid additive and effectively reduce or prevent by means of a control of the heating power.
Alternativ und/oder zusätzlich zu der Temperaturinformation von dem mindestens einen Temperatursensor kann die mindestens eine Steuerkomponente (auch noch weitere Informationen) erhalten, die beim Aktivieren und Deaktivieren des Schalterelements berücksichtigt werden. Beispielsweise kann ein Zeitwertgeber (auch Timer genannt) vorhanden sein, von dem die Steuerkomponente eine Zeitinformation erhält. Beispielsweise kann das schaltbare Widerstandsheizelement bei einer Aktivierung der Heizung immer nur für einen bestimmten, vorgegebenen Zeitraum von beispielsweise zwischen 5 und 20 Minuten betrieben werden. Vorteilhafterweise ist die Heizung nach Art einer Heizfolie ausgeführt, wobei das mindestens eine schaltbare Widerstandsheizelement sowie das mindestens eine permanente Widerstandsheizelement als Leiterbahnen auf der Heizfolie angeordnet sind. Eine Heizfolie ist üblicherweise ein flächiges Gebilde mit einer (Grund-)Fläche. Eine Heizfolie kann beispielsweise an einer Tankwand eines Tanks für das flüssige Additiv anliegen und so das flüssige Additiv in einem Tank großflächig er- wärmen. Dies ermöglicht einen besonders effektiven Wärmeübergang von der Heizung auf das flüssige Additiv. Leiterbahnen für Widerstandsheizelemente können auf der Heizfolie beispielsweise mit Hilfe von Druckverfahren hergestellt werden. Solche Leiterbahnen können auch in ein leitfähiges Material auf der Heizfolie geätzt sein. Alternatively and / or in addition to the temperature information of the at least one temperature sensor, the at least one control component (also further information) obtained, which are taken into account when activating and deactivating the switch element. For example, there may be a timer (also called a timer) from which the control component receives time information. For example, the switchable resistance heating element can only be operated for a certain, predetermined period of, for example, between 5 and 20 minutes when the heating is activated. Advantageously, the heater is designed in the manner of a heating foil, wherein the at least one switchable resistance heating element and the at least one permanent resistance heating element are arranged as conductor tracks on the heating foil. A heating foil is usually a flat structure with a (ground) surface. A heating foil can, for example, rest on a tank wall of a tank for the liquid additive and thus produce a large area of the liquid additive in a tank. to warm. This allows a particularly effective heat transfer from the heater to the liquid additive. Conductor tracks for resistance heating elements can be produced on the heating foil, for example by means of printing processes. Such traces may also be etched into a conductive material on the heating foil.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn an der Heizfolie mindestens zwei elektrische Kontakte angeordnet sind, über welche eine Stromversorgung der Heizung erfolgt. Elektrische Kontakte an der Heizfolie können ebenso gedruckt sein. Auch können metallische Kontakte aufgeklebt oder aufgelötet sein. In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante bilden die mindestens zwei elektrischen Kontakte Lötstellen aus, an denen elektrische Versorgungsleitungen an der Heizfolie angelötet werden können. In einer weiteren besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante der Heizfolie ist zumindest eine der nachfolgenden Komponenten ebenfalls auf der Heizfolie angeordnet: It is particularly advantageous if at least two electrical contacts are arranged on the heating foil, via which a power supply of the heating takes place. Electrical contacts on the heating foil can also be printed. Also metallic contacts can be glued or soldered. In an advantageous embodiment, the at least two electrical contacts form solder joints, at which electrical supply lines can be soldered to the heating foil. In a further particularly advantageous embodiment variant of the heating foil, at least one of the following components is likewise arranged on the heating foil:
- mindestens ein Schalterelement,  at least one switch element,
- mindestens eine (elektronische) Steuerkomponente,  - at least one (electronic) control component,
- mindestens ein Temperatursensor. - At least one temperature sensor.
Solche Schalterelemente und elektronischen Steuerkomponenten oder Temperatursensoren können gegebenenfalls mit denselben Herstellungsverfahren (beispielsweise Druckverfahren und/oder Ätzen) beispielsweise mit Hilfe von Druckverfahren ebenfalls auf der Heizfolie angeordnet werden.  Such switch elements and electronic control components or temperature sensors can optionally also be arranged on the heating foil with the same production methods (for example printing method and / or etching), for example by means of printing methods.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es außerdem, wenn die Heizfolie flexibel ist. Eine flexible Heizfolie kann beispielsweise an unterschiedlich (insbesondere unregelmäßig) geformte Bereiche eines Tanks oder einer Tankwand angepasst werden. Eine flexible Heizfolie kann beispielsweise ein flexibles (beispielsweise gummiartiges) Trägermaterial aufweisen, auf dem die einzelnen Komponenten (Widerstandsheizelemente, Schalterelemente, Steuerkomponente usw.) angeordnet sind. Weiterhin vorteilhaft ist die Heizung mit mehreren schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelementen und mehreren, jeweils einem schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelement zugeordneten Schalterelementen, wobei die schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelemente jeweils in verschiedenen Flächenabschnitten der Heizung angeordnet sind. It is also particularly advantageous if the heating foil is flexible. A flexible heating foil can, for example, be adapted to different (in particular irregular) shaped regions of a tank or a tank wall. A flexible heating foil may, for example, comprise a flexible (for example rubber-like) carrier material, on which the individual components (resistance heating elements, switch elements, control components, etc.) are arranged. Further advantageous is the heater with a plurality of switchable resistance heating elements and a plurality of switch elements each associated with a switchable resistance heating element, wherein the switchable resistance heating elements are each arranged in different surface portions of the heater.
Eine solche Heizung hat vorzugsweise eine flächige Ausdehnung mit einer Fläche und ist besonders bevorzugt eine Heizfolie. Durch mehrere Flächenabschnitte, die jeweils ein schaltbares Widerstandsheizelement aufweisen, ist es möglich, die Heizleistung der Heizung lokal (individuell) einzustellen. So kann beispielsweise in Bereichen der Heizung mit niedriger Temperatur eine höhere Heizleistung bereitgestellt werden als in Bereichen der Heizung, in denen höhere Temperaturen vorliegen. So ist eine individuelle Anpassung der Heizleistung an die jeweils (lokal) vorliegenden Bedingungen möglich. Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine solche Heizung, wenn mindestens einem schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelement mindestens ein Temperatursensor zugeordnet ist und dieses schaltbare Widerstandsheizelement in Abhängigkeit von einer mit dem mindestens einen Temperatursensor ermittelten Temperatur und mit Hilfe mindestens eines zugeordneten Schalterelements sowie mindestens einer Steuerkompo- nente aktiviert und deaktiviert werden kann. Such a heater preferably has a planar extension with a surface and is particularly preferably a heating foil. Through several surface sections, each having a switchable resistance heating, it is possible to adjust the heating power of the heater locally (individually). For example, in areas of the low-temperature heating, a higher heating power can be provided than in areas of the heating in which higher temperatures are present. Thus, an individual adaptation of the heating power to the respective (locally) present conditions is possible. Such a heater is particularly advantageous if at least one switchable resistance heating element is assigned at least one temperature sensor and this switchable resistance heating element can be activated and deactivated depending on a temperature determined with the at least one temperature sensor and with the aid of at least one associated switch element and at least one control component ,
Vorzugsweise ist für jedes schaltbare Widerstandsheizelement eine Anordnung aus genau einem Temperatursensor vorgesehen, mit dem eine Temperaturinformation für dieses schaltbare Widerstandsheizelement gewonnen werden kann, um ein Schalterelement dieses schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelementes in Abhängigkeit von der Temperaturinformation zu aktivieren und zu deaktivieren. An arrangement of exactly one temperature sensor is preferably provided for each switchable resistance heating element, with which temperature information for this switchable resistance heating element can be obtained in order to activate and deactivate a switch element of this switchable resistance heating element as a function of the temperature information.
Es ist auch möglich, dass für jedes schaltbare Widerstandsheizelement genau eine Steuerkomponente vorgesehen ist. Alternativ ist es aber auch möglich, dass die Temperaturinformationen von mehreren Temperatursensoren (zentral) in einer Steuerkomponente verarbeitet werden, die für die Steuerung (Aktivierung und Deaktivierung) mehrerer Schalterelemente eingerichtet ist. Vorzugsweise sind die Temperatursensoren jeweils zentral im Bereich des jeweiligen schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelementes angeordnet. Durch eine solche Anordnung ist es in besonders effektiver Weise möglich, die Temperatur an den jeweiligen schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelementen festzustellen und diese schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelemente dann gezielt und individuell zu aktivieren und zu deaktivieren. It is also possible that exactly one control component is provided for each switchable resistance heating element. Alternatively, it is also possible that the temperature information of several temperature sensors (central) are processed in a control component, which is set up for the control (activation and deactivation) of several switch elements. Preferably, the Temperature sensors are each arranged centrally in the region of the respective switchable resistance heating element. Such an arrangement makes it possible in a particularly effective manner to determine the temperature at the respective switchable resistance heating elements and then to activate and deactivate these switchable resistance heating elements selectively and individually.
Das mindestens eine schaltbare Widerstandsheizelement, das mindestens eine Schalterelemente und die mindestens eine Steuerkomponente der Heizung können auch für eine getaktete Betriebsweise eingerichtet sein, bei welcher das mindes- tens eine schaltbare Widerstandsheizelement jeweils kurzzeitig aktiviert und wieder deaktiviert wird, um reduzierte Heizleistungen zu erzeugen. Besonders bevorzugt ist ein Betrieb des mindestens einen schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelementes nach Art einer Pulsweitenmodulation (PWM = pulse width modulation) möglich. Durch einen solchen Betrieb lässt sich die Heizleistung des mindestens einen schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelementes stufenlos reduzieren. The at least one switchable resistance heating element, the at least one switch element and the at least one control component of the heater can also be set up for a clocked mode of operation in which the at least one switchable resistance heating element is activated and deactivated again for a short time in order to generate reduced heating powers. Particularly preferably, operation of the at least one switchable resistance heating element in the manner of pulse width modulation (PWM = pulse width modulation) is possible. Such an operation allows the heating power of the at least one switchable resistance heating element to be reduced continuously.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung wird eine Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung von flüssigem Additiv in einem Kraftfahrzeug vorgeschlagen, aufweisend einen Tank zur Speicherung des flüssigen Additivs mit einer Tankwand, wobei mindestens eine be- schriebene elektrische Heizung auf einer Außenseite der Tankwand so angeordnet ist, dass flüssiges Additiv in dem Tank durch die Tankwand erwärmt wird. In the context of the invention, a device for providing liquid additive in a motor vehicle is proposed, comprising a tank for storing the liquid additive with a tank wall, wherein at least one described electric heater is arranged on an outer side of the tank wall so that liquid additive in the tank is heated by the tank wall.
Die im Zusammenhang mit der beschriebenen Heizung beschriebenen besonderen Vorteile und Ausgestaltungsmerkmale sind in analoger Weise auf die Vorrichtung übertragbar. Gleiches gilt für die im Folgenden für die Vorrichtung beschriebenen besonderen Vorteile und Ausgestaltungsmerkmale, die in analoger Weise auf die Heizung übertragbar sind. The particular advantages and design features described in connection with the described heater can be transferred to the device in an analogous manner. The same applies to the particular advantages and design features described below for the device, which can be transferred to the heating in an analogous manner.
Die Vorrichtung umfasst vorzugsweise ein Fördermodul, welches ein Gehäuse aufweist, das in einem Boden des Tanks in die Tankwand des Tanks integriert ist. Vorzugsweise hat der Boden der Tankwand zu diesem Zweck eine Öffnung, in die das Gehäuse eingesetzt ist, so dass das Gehäuse die Öffnung verschließt. Das Gehäuse erstreckt dann sich in einen Innenraum des Tanks hinein. Das Gehäuse bildet dann einen Abschnitt der Tankwand aus. Eine Innenseite des Gehäuses bildet dann eine Außenseite der Tankwand. Besonders bevorzugt ist die beschriebene Heizung auf der Innenseite des Gehäuses angeordnet und somit in der Lage, durch die von dem Gehäuse gebildete Tankwand das flüssige Additiv in dem Tank zu erwärmen. The device preferably comprises a delivery module which has a housing which is integrated in a bottom of the tank in the tank wall of the tank. Preferably, the bottom of the tank wall for this purpose has an opening into which the housing is inserted, so that the housing closes the opening. The Housing then extends into an interior of the tank. The housing then forms a portion of the tank wall. An inside of the housing then forms an outside of the tank wall. Particularly preferably, the described heater is arranged on the inside of the housing and thus able to heat through the tank wall formed by the housing, the liquid additive in the tank.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist in diesem Zusammenhang, wenn die Heizung eine flexible Heizfolie ist, die an die Form des Gehäuses angepasst sein kann. It is particularly advantageous in this context if the heater is a flexible heating foil, which can be adapted to the shape of the housing.
Hier wird auch ein Kraftfahrzeug beschrieben aufweisend eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine und eine Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung zur Reinigung der Abgase der Verbrennungskraftmaschine, sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung von flüssigem Additiv für die Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung mit einer beschriebenen elektrischen Heizung. Here also, a motor vehicle is described comprising an internal combustion engine and an exhaust gas treatment device for cleaning the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine, and a device for providing liquid additive for the exhaust gas treatment device with a described electric heater.
Die Erfindung sowie das technische Umfeld werden nachfolgend anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Die Figuren zeigen besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung, auf die die Erfindung jedoch nicht begrenzt ist. Insbesondere ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass die in den Figuren dargestellten Größenverhältnisse nur schematisch sind. Es zeigen: The invention and the technical environment will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. The figures show particularly preferred embodiments of the invention, to which the invention is not limited. In particular, it should be noted that the size ratios shown in the figures are only schematic. Show it:
Fig. 1: eine erste Ausführungsvariante einer beschriebenen Heizfolie, Fig. 2: eine zweite Ausführungsvariante einer beschriebenen Heizfolie, Fig. 3: eine Vorrichtung mit einer beschriebenen Heizfolie, 1 shows a first embodiment of a described heating foil, FIG. 2 shows a second variant of a described heating foil, FIG. 3 shows a device with a described heating foil,
Fig. 4: einen Schnitt durch ein Gehäuse einer Fördereinheit mit einer beschrie- benen Heizfolie, und Fig. 5: ein Kraftfahrzeug aufweisend eine Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung von flüssigem Additiv mit einer beschriebenen Heizfolie. FIG. 4 shows a section through a housing of a delivery unit with a described heating foil, and FIG 5 shows a motor vehicle having a device for providing a liquid additive with a described heating foil.
In den Fig. 1 und 2 ist jeweils die Heizung 1 dargestellt, welche als Heizfolie 9 ausgeführt ist. Zu erkennen ist, dass die Heizfolie 9 eine Fläche 10 hat. In FIGS. 1 and 2, the heater 1 is shown in each case, which is designed as a heating foil 9. It can be seen that the heating foil 9 has a surface 10.
In der Fig. 1 und der Fig. 2 sind jeweils elektrische Kontakte 12 zu erkennen, über welche die Heizung 1 mit Strom versorgt werden kann. Zu erkennen sind auch Leiterbahnen 11 auf der Heizfolie, welche schaltbare Widerstandsheizelemente 4 und permanente Widerstandsheizelemente 6 bilden. Weiterhin zu erkennen sind Schalterelemente 5, (elektronische) Steuerkomponenten 8 und Temperatursensoren 7. In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 electrical contacts 12 can be seen in each case, via which the heater 1 can be supplied with power. Also visible are conductor tracks 11 on the heating foil, which form switchable resistance heating elements 4 and permanent resistance heating elements 6. Furthermore, switch elements 5, (electronic) control components 8 and temperature sensors 7 can be seen.
Bei der Ausführungsvariante gemäß Fig. 1 ist genau ein permanentes Wider- Standsheizelement 6 und ein schaltbares Widerstandsheizelement 4 vorgesehen. In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, exactly one permanent resistance heating element 6 and one switchable resistance heating element 4 are provided.
Bei der Ausführungsvariante gemäß Fig. 2 sind jeweils zwei Versorgungsleiterbahnen 23 vorgesehen, über welche mehrere schaltbare Widerstandsheizelemente 4 bestromt werden können, die jeweils ein Schalterelement 5, eine elektronische Steuerkomponente 8 und einen Temperatursensor 7 aufweisen. Darüber hinaus existiert gemäß der Ausführungsvariante in Fig. 2 genau ein permanentes Widerstandsheizelement 6. Zu erkennen ist, dass die einzelnen schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelemente 4 jeweils in Flächenabschnitten 13 einer Fläche 10 der Heizung 1 angeordnet sind. In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, two supply conductors 23 are provided, via which a plurality of switchable resistance heating elements 4 can be energized, each having a switch element 5, an electronic control component 8 and a temperature sensor 7. In addition, according to the embodiment in FIG. 2, there is exactly one permanent resistance heating element 6. It can be seen that the individual switchable resistance heating elements 4 are each arranged in surface sections 13 of a surface 10 of the heater 1.
Die in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsvarianten der Heizung 1 sind insbesondere hinsichtlich der Anordnung von Temperatursensoren 7, Steuerkomponenten 8 und Schalterelementen 5 nicht beschränkt. Diese Elemente (Schalterelemente 5, Steuerkomponenten 8 und Temperatursensoren 7) können auch au- ßerhalb der Heizung 1 beispielsweise an anderen Komponenten einer Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung von flüssigem Additiv angeordnet sein. Darüber hinaus sind die Fig. 1 und 2 nicht hinsichtlich der dort dargestellten Anordnungen und Anzahl von schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelementen 4 und permanenten Widerstandsheizelementen 6 beschränkt. Widerstandheizelemente können auf der Heizfolie beliebig angeordnet sind. Besonders eignen sich jeweils mäan- derförmig verlaufende Widerstandsheizelemente, weil durch mäanderförmige Strukturen relativ hohe elektrische Widerstände und eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der elektrischen Heizleistung erreicht werden kann. The embodiments of the heater 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are not limited in particular with regard to the arrangement of temperature sensors 7, control components 8 and switch elements 5. These elements (switch elements 5, control components 8 and temperature sensors 7) can also be arranged outside the heater 1, for example, on other components of a device for providing liquid additive. In addition, FIGS. 1 and 2 are not limited in terms of the arrangements and number of switchable resistance heating elements 4 and permanent resistance heating elements 6 shown there. Resistance heating elements can be arranged arbitrarily on the heating foil. In each case, meander-shaped resistance heating elements are particularly suitable because relatively high electrical resistances and a uniform distribution of the electrical heating power can be achieved by meander-shaped structures.
In Fig. 3 zu erkennen ist ein Tank 15 für ein flüssiges Additiv, aufweisend eine Tankwand 29. In den Tank 15 ist im Bereich eines Tankbodens ein Gehäuse 14 integriert, in welchem sich eine Pumpe 22 befindet. Mit der Pumpe 22 kann flüssiges Additiv 28 an einer Ansaugstelle 20 aus dem Tank 15 entnommen werden. Dieses flüssige Additiv wird von der Pumpe 22 an einem Bereitstellungsanschluss 21 bereitgestellt. Auf der Innenseite 16 des Gehäuses 14 befindet sich eine be- schriebene Heizung 1, die sich flächig entlang der Innenseite 16 des Gehäuses erstreckt. Gemäß der Fig. 3 liegt das flüssige Additiv in dem Tank als gefrorenes Additiv 27 vor. Innerhalb des gefrorenen Additivs 27 ist eine Eishöhle 19 gebildet, die von der Heizung 1 erzeugt worden ist, indem das gefrorene Additiv 27 zu flüssigem Additiv 28 aufgeschmolzen wurde. 3 shows a tank 15 for a liquid additive, comprising a tank wall 29. In the tank 15, a housing 14 is integrated in the region of a tank bottom, in which a pump 22 is located. With the pump 22, liquid additive 28 can be removed from the tank 15 at a suction point 20. This liquid additive is provided by the pump 22 at a supply port 21. On the inner side 16 of the housing 14 is a described heater 1, which extends flat along the inner side 16 of the housing. According to FIG. 3, the liquid additive is present in the tank as frozen additive 27. Within the frozen additive 27, an ice cavity 19 is formed which has been generated by the heater 1 by melting the frozen additive 27 into liquid additive 28.
Fig. 4 zeigt den in Fig. 3 dargestellten Schnitt A-A durch das Gehäuse 14 der Vorrichtung 2. Zu erkennen ist die Heizung 1 mit den elektrischen Kontakten 12 sowie die Pumpe 22 und der Ansaugstelle 20. Die Heizung 1 liegt an einer Innenseite 16 des Gehäuses 14 an, wobei die Innenseite des Gehäuses 14 eine Außenseite 30 des Tanks 15 bildet. Fig. 4 shows the section AA shown in Fig. 3 through the housing 14 of the device 2. To see the heater 1 with the electrical contacts 12 and the pump 22 and the suction point 20. The heater 1 is located on an inner side 16 of the housing 14, wherein the inside of the housing 14 forms an outer side 30 of the tank 15.
Fig. 5 zeigt ein Kraftfahrzeug 3 aufweisend eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine 17 und eine Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung 18 zur Reinigung der Abgase der Verbrennung skraftmaschine 17. In der Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung 18 ist ein SCR- Katalysator 26 zur Durchführung des Verfahrens der selektiven katalytischen Reduktion angeordnet. Der Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung 18 ist mit einer Zugabevorrichtung 25 ein flüssiges Additiv aus einem Tank 15 zuführbar. Die Zugabe- Vorrichtung 25 wird von einer in dem Tank 15 angeordneten Vorrichtung 2 über eine Leitung 24 mit flüssigem Additiv versorgt. Fig. 5 shows a motor vehicle 3 comprising an internal combustion engine 17 and an exhaust gas treatment device 18 for cleaning the exhaust gases of the combustion engine 17 in the exhaust gas treatment device 18, an SCR catalyst 26 is arranged to perform the method of selective catalytic reduction. The exhaust gas treatment device 18 can be fed with a liquid addition additive from a tank 15 by means of an adding device 25. The addition- Device 25 is supplied by a arranged in the tank 15 device 2 via a line 24 with liquid additive.
Bezugszeichenliste Heizung Heating
Vorrichtung contraption
Kraftf ahrzeug Power vehicle
schaltbares Widerstandsheizelement Schalterelement switchable resistance heating element switch element
permanentes Widerstandsheizelement Temperatursensor permanent resistance heating element temperature sensor
Steuerkomponente control component
Heizfolie heating film
Fläche area
Leiterbahn conductor path
Kontakt Contact
Flächenabschnitte surface sections
Gehäuse casing
Tank tank
Innenseite inside
Verbrennungskraftmaschine Internal combustion engine
Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung Exhaust treatment device
Eishöhle Ice Cave
Ansaugstelle suction
Bereitstellungsanschluss Supply port
Pumpe pump
Versorgungsleiterbahn Supply conductor track
Leitung management
Zugabevorrichtung adding device
SCR-Katalysator SCR catalyst
gefrorenes Additiv frozen additive
flüssiges Additiv liquid additive
Tankwand tank wall
Außenseite outside

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Heizung (1) für eine Vorrichtung (2) zur Bereitstellung eines flüssigen Ad- ditivs in einem Kraftfahrzeug (3), aufweisend mindestens ein schaltbares1. heater (1) for a device (2) for providing a liquid additive in a motor vehicle (3), comprising at least one switchable
Widerstandsheizelement (4), das mit mindestens einem Schalterelement (5) in Serie geschaltet ist, mit dem das mindestens eine Widerstandsheizelement (4) aktiviert und deaktiviert werden kann und mindestens ein permanentes Widerstandsheizelement (6), welches parallel zu dem mindestens einen schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelement (4) und dem mindestens einen Schalterelement (5) geschaltet ist. Resistance heating element (4), which is connected in series with at least one switch element (5), with which the at least one resistance heating element (4) can be activated and deactivated and at least one permanent resistance heating element (6), which is parallel to the at least one switchable resistance heating element ( 4) and the at least one switch element (5) is connected.
Heizung (1) nach Patentanspruch 1, wobei die elektrischen Widerstände des mindestens einen schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelements (4) und des mindestens einen permanenten Widerstandsheizelements (6) so ausgelegt sind, dass ein Anteil zwischen 70 % und 95 % der Heizleistung der Heizung (1) von dem mindestens einen schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelement (4) erzeugt wird, wenn das mindestens eine schaltbare Widerstandsheizelement (4) aktiviert ist. Heater (1) according to claim 1, wherein the electrical resistances of the at least one switchable resistance heating element (4) and the at least one permanent resistance heating element (6) are designed so that a proportion between 70% and 95% of the heating power of the heater (1) the at least one switchable resistance heating element (4) is generated when the at least one switchable resistance heating element (4) is activated.
Heizung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, aufweisend mindestens einen Temperatursensor (7) und mindestens eine Steuerkomponente (8), mit denen das mindestens eine Schalterelement (5) und das mindestens eine schaltbare Widerstandsheizelement (4) in Abhängigkeit von einer mit dem mindestens einen Temperatursensor (7) ermittelten Temperatur aktiviert und deaktiviert werden kann. Heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one temperature sensor (7) and at least one control component (8), with which the at least one switch element (5) and the at least one switchable resistance heating element (4) in dependence on a with the at least a temperature sensor (7) detected temperature can be activated and deactivated.
Heizung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, ausgeführt nach Art einer Heizfolie (9) mit einer Fläche (10), wobei das mindestens eine schaltbare Widerstandsheizelement (4), sowie das mindestens eine permanente Widerstandsheizelement (6) als Leiterbahnen (11) auf der Heizfolie (9) angeordnet sind. Heizung (1) nach einem der Patentansprüche 3 oder 4, wobei die Heizfolie (9) flexibel ist. Heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, designed in the manner of a heating foil (9) with a surface (10), wherein the at least one switchable resistance heating element (4) and the at least one permanent resistance heating element (6) as conductor tracks (11) the heating foil (9) are arranged. Heater (1) according to one of claims 3 or 4, wherein the heating foil (9) is flexible.
Heizung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, aufweisend mehrere schaltbare Widerstandsheizelemente (4) und mehrere jeweils einem schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelement (4) zugeordnete Schalterelemente (5), wobei die schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelemente (4) jeweils in verschiedenen Flächenabschnitten (13) der Heizung (1) angeordnet sind. Heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of switchable resistance heating elements (4) and a plurality of switchable resistance heating element (4) associated switch elements (5), wherein the switchable resistance heating elements (4) in each different surface portions (13) of the heater (1 ) are arranged.
Heizung (1) nach Patentanspruch 6, wobei mindestens einem schaltbaren Widerstandsheizelement (4) mindestens ein Temperatursensor (7) zugeordnet ist und dieses schaltbare Widerstandsheizelement (4) in Abhängigkeit von einer mit dem mindestens einen Temperatursensor (7) ermittelten Temperatur und mit Hilfe mindestens eines zugeordneten Schalterelementes (5) und mindestens einer Steuerkomponente (8) aktiviert und deaktiviert werden kann. Heater (1) according to claim 6, wherein at least one switchable resistance heating element (4) is associated with at least one temperature sensor (7) and this switchable resistance heating element (4) in dependence on a temperature determined with the at least one temperature sensor (7) and with the aid of at least one associated switch element (5) and at least one control component (8) can be activated and deactivated.
Vorrichtung (2) zur Bereitstellung von flüssigem Additiv in einem Kraftfahrzeug (3), aufweisend einen Tank (15) zur Speicherung des flüssigen Additivs mit einer Tankwand (29), wobei mindestens eine elektrische Heizung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche auf einer Außenseite (30) der Tankwand (29) so angeordnet ist, dass flüssiges Additiv in dem Tank (15) von der mindestens einen Heizung (1) durch die Tankwand (29) erwärmt wird. Device (2) for providing a liquid additive in a motor vehicle (3), comprising a tank (15) for storing the liquid additive with a tank wall (29), wherein at least one electric heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims on an outer side (30) the tank wall (29) is arranged so that liquid additive in the tank (15) from the at least one heater (1) through the tank wall (29) is heated.
Kraftfahrzeug (3), aufweisend eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine (17) und eine Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung (18) zur Reinigung der Abgase der Verbrennung skraftmaschine (17), sowie eine Vorrichtung (2) zur Bereitstellung von flüssigem Additiv für die Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung (18) mit einer elektrischen Heizung (1) nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 7. A motor vehicle (3) comprising an internal combustion engine (17) and an exhaust treatment device (18) for cleaning the exhaust gases of the combustion engine (17), and a device (2) for providing liquid additive for the exhaust treatment device (18) with an electric heater ( 1) according to one of the claims 1 to 7.
PCT/EP2015/061687 2014-05-28 2015-05-27 Heater for a device for providing a liquid additive WO2015181225A1 (en)

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US15/311,047 US20170159523A1 (en) 2014-05-28 2015-05-27 Heater for a device for providing a liquid additive
EP15725012.7A EP3148830A1 (en) 2014-05-28 2015-05-27 Heater for a device for providing a liquid additive
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CN106460609A (en) 2017-02-22
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RU2016151234A3 (en) 2018-12-17
DE102014107519A1 (en) 2015-12-03
KR20160145154A (en) 2016-12-19
US20170159523A1 (en) 2017-06-08

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