WO2011081085A1

WO2011081085A1 - Abnormality diagnosis device for rolling bearing, wind power generator, and abnormality diagnosis system

Info

Publication number: WO2011081085A1
Application number: PCT/JP2010/073300
Authority: WO
Inventors: 坂口　智也; 伸幸二之湯; 平田　淳一; 育彦榊原
Original assignee: Ntn株式会社
Priority date: 2010-01-04
Filing date: 2010-12-24
Publication date: 2011-07-07
Also published as: US20130006540A1; US9423290B2; JP5725833B2; EP2522977B1; CN102713554B; CN102713554A; DK2522977T3; JP2011154020A; EP2522977A1; EP2522977A4

Abstract

An effective-value calculation unit (120) calculates the effective value of an oscillating waveform of a bearing, the oscillating waveform being measured by using an oscillation sensor (70). An envelope processor (140) generates an envelope waveform of the oscillating waveform by performing envelope processing on the oscillating waveform measured by using the oscillation sensor (70). An effective-value calculation unit (160) calculates the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform generated by the envelope processor (140). A diagnosis unit (190) diagnoses a bearing abnormality, in accordance with the effective value of the oscillating waveform, said effective value being calculated by the effective-value calculation unit (120), and in accordance with the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform, said effective value being calculated by the effective-value calculation unit (160).

Description

Rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device, wind power generation device and abnormality diagnosis system

The present invention relates to a rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device, a wind power generation device, and an abnormality diagnosis system, and more particularly to a rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis technology provided in a main shaft, a speed increaser, a generator, and the like of the wind power generation device.

In a wind turbine generator, power is generated by rotating a main shaft connected to a blade that receives wind power, rotating the main shaft with a speed increaser, and then rotating a rotor of the power generator. Each of the main shaft and the rotating shafts of the speed increaser and the generator is rotatably supported by a rolling bearing, and an abnormality diagnosis device for diagnosing such an abnormality of the bearing is known.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-105956 (Patent Document 1) discloses an abnormality diagnosis device for diagnosing abnormality of a rotating component such as a bearing device. This abnormality diagnosing device is an abnormality diagnosing device for diagnosing an abnormality in a double row tapered roller bearing incorporated in a rolling bearing device for a railway vehicle that rotates relative to a bearing box, and rotates the double row tapered roller bearing. A drive motor for driving and a vibration sensor attached to the bearing housing are provided. An abnormality of the double-row tapered roller bearing is diagnosed based on a detection signal from the vibration sensor during inertial rotation within a predetermined rotational speed region of the double-row tapered roller bearing when the drive motor is not energized.

According to this abnormality diagnosing device, it is possible to diagnose the abnormality of the rotating component without disassembling the device in which the rotating component is incorporated, and to prevent erroneous diagnosis due to the influence of electrical disturbance noise generated from the rotation driving means. Thus, it is said that a highly reliable abnormality diagnosis can be performed (see Patent Document 1).

JP 2006-105956 A

In the abnormality diagnosis apparatus disclosed in the above Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-105956, the abnormality determination of the rotating part is performed based on the result of frequency analysis of the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor attached to the bearing housing. It is. More specifically, in rolling bearings, the period of occurrence of abnormal vibration due to damage to the bearing changes depending on the location of the damage, so the frequency of the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor is analyzed and the peak frequency is calculated. By analyzing, the presence / absence of an abnormality of the bearing and the abnormal part are specified.

However, in such a frequency analysis method, for example, when a speed increaser is provided as in the wind power generator described above, the meshing vibration frequency of the gear of the speed increaser is mixed, or various peripheral parts are If the natural vibration frequency is mixed, an accurate abnormality diagnosis may not be possible.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve such problems, and an object thereof is to provide a rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device, a wind power generation device, and an abnormality diagnosis system that realize more accurate abnormality diagnosis. It is.

According to this invention, the abnormality diagnosis device for a rolling bearing includes a vibration sensor for measuring a vibration waveform of the rolling bearing and a processing unit for diagnosing the abnormality of the rolling bearing. The processing unit includes first and second calculation units, an envelope processing unit, and a diagnosis unit. The first calculation unit calculates an effective value of the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor. The envelope processing unit generates an envelope waveform of the vibration waveform by performing envelope processing on the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor. The second calculation unit calculates an effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform generated by the envelope processing unit. The diagnosis unit diagnoses an abnormality of the rolling bearing based on the effective value of the vibration waveform calculated by the first calculation unit and the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform calculated by the second calculation unit.

Preferably, the rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device further includes a rotation sensor for detecting a rotation speed of a shaft supported by the rolling bearing or the rolling bearing. The processing unit further includes a modified vibration degree calculating unit and a modified modulation degree calculating unit. The corrected vibration degree calculation unit calculates a corrected vibration degree obtained by normalizing the effective value of the vibration waveform calculated by the first calculation unit with the rotation speed. The correction modulation degree calculation unit calculates a correction modulation degree obtained by normalizing the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform calculated by the second calculation unit with the rotation speed. The diagnosis unit diagnoses an abnormality of the rolling bearing based on the corrected vibration degree and the corrected modulation degree.

More preferably, the diagnosis unit diagnoses an abnormality of the rolling bearing based on a change in temporal change of the corrected vibration degree and the corrected modulation degree.

Preferably, the processing unit further includes a frequency analysis unit. The frequency analysis unit performs frequency analysis on at least one of the vibration waveform and the envelope waveform. The diagnosis unit further estimates an abnormal portion of the rolling bearing based on the analysis result of the frequency analysis unit.

Preferably, the vibration sensor includes an acceleration sensor.
Preferably, the abnormality diagnosis device for a rolling bearing further includes a displacement sensor for detecting a relative displacement between the inner and outer rings of the rolling bearing. And a diagnostic part diagnoses abnormality of a rolling bearing further using the detection value of a displacement sensor.

Also preferably, the rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device further includes an AE sensor for detecting an acoustic emission wave generated from the rolling bearing. And a diagnostic part diagnoses abnormality of a rolling bearing further using the detection value of an AE sensor.

Preferably, the rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device further includes a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the rolling bearing. And a diagnostic part diagnoses abnormality of a rolling bearing further using the measured value of a temperature sensor.

Also preferably, the abnormality diagnosis device for a rolling bearing further includes a sensor for measuring the amount of impurities contained in the lubricant of the rolling bearing. And a diagnostic part diagnoses abnormality of a rolling bearing further using the measured value of a sensor.

Preferably, the rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device further includes a rotation sensor for detecting a rotation speed of a shaft supported by the rolling bearing or the rolling bearing. The envelope processing unit includes an absolute value detection unit and an envelope detection unit. The absolute value detection unit outputs the absolute value of the vibration waveform. The envelope detector generates an envelope waveform by subjecting the output signal of the absolute value detector to an attenuation process with a predetermined time constant. Here, the time constant is set based on the rotation speed.

More preferably, the time constant is set to be equal to or less than a half cycle of rotation of the rolling element in the rolling bearing.

More preferably, the time constant is set to 0.5 times or more of the half cycle of rotation of the rolling element.
Preferably, the time constant is set to be equal to or shorter than the rolling cycle of the rolling element relative to the stationary ring of the rolling bearing.

More preferably, the time constant is set to 0.5 times or more of the passing period of the rolling elements.
Moreover, according to this invention, a wind power generator is provided with a blade, a main shaft, a speed increaser, a generator, a plurality of rolling bearings, and an abnormality diagnosis device. The blade receives wind power. The main shaft is connected to the blade. The gearbox increases the speed of the main shaft. The generator is connected to the output shaft of the gear box. The plurality of rolling bearings are provided on the main shaft, the speed increaser, and the generator. The abnormality diagnosis device diagnoses at least one abnormality of the plurality of rolling bearings. The abnormality diagnosis device includes a vibration sensor for measuring a vibration waveform of a rolling bearing to be diagnosed and a processing unit for diagnosing an abnormality of the rolling bearing to be diagnosed. The processing unit includes first and second calculation units, an envelope processing unit, and a diagnosis unit. The first calculation unit calculates an effective value of the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor. The envelope processing unit generates an envelope waveform of the vibration waveform by performing envelope processing on the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor. The second calculation unit calculates an effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform generated by the envelope processing unit. The diagnosis unit diagnoses an abnormality of the rolling bearing based on the effective value of the vibration waveform calculated by the first calculation unit and the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform calculated by the second calculation unit.

Further, according to the present invention, the abnormality diagnosis system includes a wind power generator, an abnormality diagnosis device, and a communication device. The abnormality diagnosis device is disposed at a position different from that of the wind turbine generator. The communication device performs communication between the wind turbine generator and the abnormality diagnosis device. The wind turbine generator includes a blade, a main shaft, a speed increaser, a generator, a plurality of rolling bearings, a vibration sensor, and a data processing unit. The blade receives wind power. The main shaft is connected to the blade. The gearbox increases the speed of the main shaft. The generator is connected to the output shaft of the gear box. The plurality of rolling bearings are provided on the main shaft, the speed increaser, and the generator. The vibration sensor measures at least one vibration waveform of the plurality of rolling bearings. The data processing unit performs primary processing on the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor. The data processing unit includes first and second calculation units and an envelope processing unit. The first calculation unit calculates an effective value of the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor. The envelope processing unit generates an envelope waveform of the vibration waveform by performing envelope processing on the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor. The second calculation unit calculates an effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform generated by the envelope processing unit. The abnormality diagnosis device diagnoses an abnormality of the rolling bearing to be diagnosed based on the effective value of the vibration waveform and the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform received from the data processing unit of the wind turbine generator by the communication device.

Preferably, the abnormality diagnosis device and the communication device are provided separately from the system for remotely monitoring the power generation amount of the wind turbine generator.

Preferably, the communication device includes wireless communication in a part of the communication path.
More preferably, the abnormality diagnosis device is connected to the Internet. The communication device includes a wireless communication unit and a communication server. The wireless communication unit is provided in the wind power generator. The communication server is connected to the Internet and configured to be capable of wireless communication with the wireless communication unit.

According to the present invention, the effective value of the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor and the effective value of the alternating current component of the envelope waveform generated by performing envelope processing on the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor. Based on this, the abnormality of the rolling bearing is diagnosed, so that a more accurate abnormality diagnosis can be realized as compared with the conventional frequency analysis technique. Further, unnecessary maintenance can be eliminated, and the cost required for maintenance can be reduced.

It is the figure which showed roughly the structure of the wind power generator to which the abnormality diagnosis apparatus of the rolling bearing by Embodiment 1 of this invention was applied. It is a functional block diagram which shows the structure of the data processor shown in FIG. 1 functionally. It is the figure which showed the vibration waveform of the bearing when abnormality has not generate | occur | produced in the bearing. It is the figure which showed the vibration waveform of the bearing seen when the surface roughness and poor lubrication of the bearing ring of a bearing generate | occur | produce. It is the figure which showed the vibration waveform of the bearing in the initial stage when peeling generate | occur | produces in the bearing ring of a bearing. It is the figure which showed the vibration waveform of the bearing seen in the last stage of peeling abnormality. When the separation occurred in a part of the bearing ring of the bearing and then the separation spread across the entire ring, the change in the effective value of the vibration waveform of the bearing and the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform was shown over time. FIG. It is the figure which showed the time change of the effective value of the vibration waveform of a bearing, and the effective value of the alternating current component of an envelope waveform when the surface roughness of a bearing ring and poor lubrication generate | occur | produce. FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram functionally showing the configuration of a data processing device in a second embodiment. FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram functionally showing the configuration of a data processing device in a third embodiment. FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram functionally showing the configuration of a data processing device in a fourth embodiment. It is the figure which showed schematically the whole structure of the abnormality diagnosis system by Embodiment 5. It is a functional block diagram which shows the structure of the data processor contained in the wind power generator shown in FIG. 12 functionally. FIG. 20 is a functional block diagram of an envelope processing unit in a sixth embodiment. It is the figure which showed the change of the envelope waveform when changing the time constant of an envelope process. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the value which divided the modulation degree by the vibration degree, and the time constant of an envelope process. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the ratio of the modulation ratio of abnormal goods (peeling) with respect to the modulation ratio of normal goods, and the time constant of an envelope process.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.

[Embodiment 1]
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a wind turbine generator to which a rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is applied. Referring to FIG. 1, a wind turbine generator 10 includes a main shaft 20, a blade 30, a speed increaser 40, a generator 50, a main shaft bearing (hereinafter simply referred to as “bearing”) 60, and vibration. A sensor 70 and a data processing device 80 are provided. The step-up gear 40, the generator 50, the bearing 60, the vibration sensor 70, and the data processing device 80 are stored in the nacelle 90, and the nacelle 90 is supported by the tower 100.

The main shaft 20 enters the nacelle 90 and is connected to the input shaft of the speed increaser 40 and is rotatably supported by the bearing 60. The main shaft 20 transmits the rotational torque generated by the blade 30 receiving the wind force to the input shaft of the speed increaser 40. The blade 30 is provided at the tip of the main shaft 20 and converts wind force into rotational torque and transmits it to the main shaft 20.

The bearing 60 is fixed in the nacelle 90 and supports the main shaft 20 in a freely rotatable manner. The bearing 60 is configured by a rolling bearing, and is configured by, for example, a self-aligning roller bearing, a tapered roller bearing, a cylindrical roller bearing, or a ball bearing. These bearings may be single row or double row. The vibration sensor 70 is fixed to the bearing 60. The vibration sensor 70 detects the vibration of the bearing 60 and outputs the detected value to the data processing device 80. The vibration sensor 70 is constituted by, for example, an acceleration sensor using a piezoelectric element.

The speed increaser 40 is provided between the main shaft 20 and the generator 50, and increases the rotational speed of the main shaft 20 to output to the generator 50. As an example, the speed increaser 40 is configured by a gear speed increasing mechanism including a planetary gear, an intermediate shaft, a high speed shaft, and the like. Although not specifically illustrated, a plurality of bearings that rotatably support a plurality of shafts are also provided in the speed increaser 40. The generator 50 is connected to the output shaft of the speed increaser 40, and generates power by the rotational torque received from the speed increaser 40. The generator 50 is constituted by, for example, an induction generator. A bearing that rotatably supports the rotor is also provided in the generator 50.

The data processing device 80 is provided in the nacelle 90 and receives the detected value of the vibration of the bearing 60 from the vibration sensor 70. Then, the data processing device 80 diagnoses the abnormality of the bearing 60 using the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 by a method described later according to a preset program.

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram functionally showing the configuration of the data processing device 80 shown in FIG. Referring to FIG. 2, data processing device 80 includes high-pass filters (hereinafter referred to as “HPF (High Pass Filter)”) 110, 150, effective

value calculation units

120, 160, envelope processing unit 140, A storage unit 180 and a diagnosis unit 190 are included.

The HPF 110 receives the detection value of the vibration of the bearing 60 from the vibration sensor 70. Then, the HPF 110 passes a signal component higher than a predetermined frequency for the received detection signal, and blocks the low frequency component. The HPF 110 is provided to remove a direct current component included in the vibration waveform of the bearing 60. If the output from the vibration sensor 70 does not include a direct current component, the HPF 110 may be omitted.

The effective value calculation unit 120 receives the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 from which the DC component is removed from the HPF 110. Then, the effective value calculation unit 120 calculates an effective value of the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 (also referred to as “RMS (Root Mean Square) value”), and stores the calculated effective value of the vibration waveform in the storage unit 180. Output to.

The envelope processing unit 140 receives the detection value of the vibration of the bearing 60 from the vibration sensor 70. Envelope processing unit 140 generates an envelope waveform of the vibration waveform of bearing 60 by performing envelope processing on the received detection signal. Various known methods can be applied to the envelope processing calculated in the envelope processing unit 140. As an example, the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 measured using the vibration sensor 70 is rectified to an absolute value, By passing through a low pass filter (LPF (Low Pass Filter)), an envelope waveform of the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 is generated.

The HPF 150 receives the envelope waveform of the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 from the envelope processing unit 140. Then, the HPF 150 passes a signal component higher than a predetermined frequency for the received envelope waveform, and blocks the low frequency component. The HPF 150 is provided to remove a direct current component included in the envelope waveform and extract an alternating current component of the envelope waveform.

The effective value calculation unit 160 receives from the HPF 150 the envelope waveform from which the DC component has been removed, that is, the AC component of the envelope waveform. Then, the effective value calculation unit 160 calculates the effective value (RMS value) of the AC component of the received envelope waveform, and outputs the calculated effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform to the storage unit 180.

The storage unit 180 synchronizes and stores the effective value of the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 calculated by the effective value calculation unit 120 and the effective value of the alternating current component of the envelope waveform calculated by the effective value calculation unit 160 every moment. . The storage unit 180 is configured by, for example, a readable / writable nonvolatile memory.

The diagnosis unit 190 reads the effective value of the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 and the effective value of the alternating current component of the envelope waveform, which are stored every moment in the storage unit 180, from the storage unit 180, and based on the two read effective values. An abnormality of the bearing 60 is diagnosed. Specifically, the diagnosis unit 190 diagnoses the abnormality of the bearing 60 based on the temporal change of the effective value of the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 and the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform.

That is, since the effective value of the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 calculated by the effective value calculation unit 120 is the effective value of the raw vibration waveform that has not been subjected to the envelope processing, for example, separation occurs in a part of the raceway ring. Although the increase in the value is small for impulse-like vibration whose amplitude increases only when the rolling element passes through the peeled part, it is sustained when the contact surface between the race and the rolling element is rough or poorly lubricated. For large vibrations, the value increases.

On the other hand, the effective value of the alternating current component of the envelope waveform calculated by the effective value calculation unit 160 is small and increases in some cases with respect to the continuous vibration that occurs when the raceway surface is rough or poorly lubricated. Although not, the increase in value increases for impulse vibration. Therefore, in the first embodiment, by using the effective value of the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 and the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform, it is possible to detect an abnormality that cannot be detected only by one of the effective values, and a more accurate abnormality Diagnosis is possible.

3 to 6 are diagrams showing vibration waveforms of the bearing 60 measured using the vibration sensor 70. FIG. 3 to 6 show vibration waveforms when the rotation speed of the main shaft 20 (FIG. 1) is constant.

FIG. 3 is a view showing a vibration waveform of the bearing 60 when no abnormality occurs in the bearing 60. Referring to FIG. 3, the horizontal axis indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates the degree of vibration indicating the magnitude of vibration.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a vibration waveform of the bearing 60 that is seen when the surface roughness or poor lubrication of the bearing ring of the bearing 60 occurs. Referring to FIG. 4, when the raceway surface roughness or poor lubrication occurs, the vibration increases and a state in which the vibration is increased continuously occurs. There are no noticeable peaks in the vibration waveform. Therefore, for such a vibration waveform, the effective value of the vibration waveform (output of the effective value calculation unit 120 (FIG. 2)) and the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform (effective value) when no abnormality occurs in the bearing 60. Compared with the output of the calculation unit 160 (FIG. 2), the effective value of the raw vibration waveform not subjected to the envelope processing increases, and the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform does not increase so much.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a vibration waveform of the bearing 60 in an initial stage when separation occurs on the bearing ring of the bearing 60. Referring to FIG. 5, the initial stage of the separation abnormality is a state in which separation occurs in a part of the race, and a large vibration is generated when the rolling element passes through the separation portion. Vibration occurs periodically according to the rotation of the shaft. When the rolling element passes through other than the peeled portion, the increase in vibration is small. Therefore, when such a vibration waveform is compared with the effective value of the vibration waveform when no abnormality has occurred in the bearing 60 and the effective value of the alternating current component of the envelope waveform, the effective value of the alternating current component of the envelope waveform increases. The effective value of the raw vibration waveform does not increase that much.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a vibration waveform of the bearing 60 seen in the final stage of the separation abnormality. Referring to FIG. 6, the final stage of the separation abnormality is a state in which the separation is transferred to the entire area of the raceway, and the vibration increases as a whole compared with the initial stage of the abnormality, and the pulse-like vibration is observed. The trend weakens. Therefore, when compared with the effective value of the vibration waveform and the effective value of the alternating current component of the envelope waveform at the initial stage of the separation abnormality, the effective value of the raw vibration waveform increases, and the alternating current component of the envelope waveform increases. The effective value decreases.

FIG. 7 shows the effective value of the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 and the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform when the separation occurs in a part of the bearing ring of the bearing 60 and then the separation is transferred to the entire area of the bearing ring. It is the figure which showed the time change. Note that FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 described below show temporal changes of each effective value when the rotation speed of the main shaft 20 is constant.

Referring to FIG. 7, a curve k1 shows a temporal change in the effective value of the vibration waveform not subjected to the envelope processing, and a curve k2 shows a temporal change in the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform. At time t1 before separation occurs, both the effective value (k1) of the vibration waveform and the effective value (k2) of the AC component of the envelope waveform are small. The vibration waveform at time t1 is as shown in the above-described FIG.

When separation occurs in a part of the bearing ring of the bearing 60, as described with reference to FIG. 5, the effective value (k2) of the alternating current component of the envelope waveform greatly increases, while the effective vibration waveform without the envelope processing is effective. The value (k1) does not increase that much (near time t2).

After that, when the separation shifts to the entire area of the raceway, as described in FIG. 6, the effective value (k1) of the vibration waveform not subjected to the envelope processing greatly increases, while the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform is increased. (K2) decreases (near time t3).

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing temporal changes in the effective value of the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 and the effective value of the alternating current component of the envelope waveform when surface roughness or poor lubrication of the bearing ring of the bearing 60 occurs. Referring to FIG. 8, similarly to FIG. 7, a curve k <b> 1 shows a temporal change in the effective value of the vibration waveform not subjected to the envelope processing, and a curve k <b> 2 shows a temporal change in the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform. Showing change.

At time t11 before the raceway surface roughness or lubrication failure occurs, both the effective value (k1) of the vibration waveform and the effective value (k2) of the AC component of the envelope waveform are small. The vibration waveform at time t11 is as shown in the above-described FIG.

When surface roughness or poor lubrication of the bearing ring of the bearing 60 occurs, as described with reference to FIG. 4, the effective value (k1) of the vibration waveform not subjected to the envelope processing increases, while the effective AC component of the envelope waveform is effective. There is no increase in value (k2) (near time t12).

Thus, the abnormality diagnosis of the bearing 60 is further performed based on the transition of the temporal change between the effective value (k1) of the raw vibration waveform not subjected to the envelope processing and the effective value (k2) of the AC component of the envelope waveform. It can be done accurately.

As described above, according to the first embodiment, the envelope processing is performed on the effective value of the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 measured using the vibration sensor 70 and the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor 70. Since the abnormality of the bearing 60 is diagnosed based on the effective value of the alternating current component of the envelope waveform generated by the above, a more accurate abnormality diagnosis can be realized as compared with the conventional frequency analysis technique. Further, unnecessary maintenance can be eliminated, and the cost required for maintenance can be reduced.

[Embodiment 2]
When the rotational speed of the main shaft 20 (FIG. 1) changes, the magnitude of vibration of the bearing 60 changes. Generally, the vibration of the bearing 60 increases as the rotational speed of the main shaft 20 increases. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the effective value of the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 and the effective value of the alternating current component of the envelope waveform are normalized by the rotational speed of the main shaft 20, and the normalized effective value is used for the bearing. 60 abnormality diagnoses are executed.

The overall configuration of the wind turbine generator according to Embodiment 2 is the same as that of Embodiment 1 shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram functionally showing the configuration of the data processing device 80A in the second embodiment. Referring to FIG. 9, data processing device 80A has a modified vibration degree calculation unit 130, a modified modulation degree calculation unit 170, and a speed function generation in the configuration of data processing device 80 in the first embodiment shown in FIG. Part 200.

The speed function generation unit 200 receives a detection value of the rotation speed of the spindle 20 by a rotation sensor 210 (not shown in FIG. 1). The rotation sensor 210 may output a detection value of the rotational position of the main shaft 20 and the speed function generation unit 200 may calculate the rotational speed of the main shaft 20. Then, the speed function generation unit 200 calculates the effective value of the speed function A (N) for normalizing the effective value of the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 calculated by the effective value calculation unit 120 with the rotational speed N of the main shaft 20. A speed function B (N) for normalizing the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform calculated by the unit 160 with the rotational speed N of the main shaft 20 is generated. As an example, the speed functions A (N) and B (N) are expressed by the following equations.

A (N) = a × N ^−0.5 (1)
B (N) = b × N ^−0.5 (2)
Here, a and b are constants determined in advance by experiments or the like, and may be different values or the same values.

The corrected vibration degree calculation unit 130 receives the effective value of the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 from the effective value calculation unit 120 and the speed function A (N) from the speed function generation unit 200. Then, the corrected vibration degree calculation unit 130 uses the speed function A (N) to normalize the effective value of the vibration waveform calculated by the effective value calculation unit 120 with the rotation speed of the spindle 20 (hereinafter referred to as “correction vibration”). Called "degree"). Specifically, using the effective value Vr of the vibration waveform calculated by the effective value calculator 120 and the speed function A (N), the corrected vibration degree Vr * is calculated by the following equation.

Here, Vra represents an average value of Vr at time 0 to T.
Then, the corrected vibration degree calculation unit 130 outputs the corrected vibration degree Vr * calculated by Expression (3) to the storage unit 180.

The modified modulation degree calculation unit 170 receives the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform from the effective value calculation unit 160 and receives the speed function B (N) from the speed function generation unit 200. Then, the modified modulation degree calculation unit 170 uses the speed function B (N) to normalize the effective value of the alternating current component of the envelope waveform calculated by the effective value calculation unit 160 with the rotational speed of the main shaft 20 (hereinafter referred to as “the actual value”). (Referred to as “modified modulation degree”). Specifically, using the effective value Ve of the alternating current component of the envelope waveform and the speed function B (N) calculated by the effective value calculation unit 160, the modified modulation degree Ve * is calculated by the following equation.

Here, Vea represents the average value of Ve from time 0 to T. The modified modulation degree calculation unit 170 outputs the modified modulation degree Ve * calculated by Expression (4) to the storage unit 180.

Then, the corrected vibration degree Vr * and the corrected modulation degree Ve * stored in the storage unit 180 are read by the diagnosis unit 190 from time to time, and temporal changes in the read corrected vibration degree Vr * and corrected modulation degree Ve * are read. Based on the transition, the diagnosis unit 190 diagnoses the abnormality of the bearing 60.

In the above description, the rotation sensor 210 may be attached to the main shaft 20, or a bearing with a rotation sensor in which the rotation sensor 210 is incorporated in the bearing 60 may be used for the bearing 60.

As described above, according to the second embodiment, the correction value Vr * obtained by normalizing the effective value of the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 by the rotation speed and the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform are normalized by the rotation speed. Since the abnormality is diagnosed based on the corrected modulation degree Ve *, a more accurate abnormality diagnosis can be realized by removing the disturbance due to the fluctuation of the rotational speed.

[Embodiment 3]
In the third embodiment, in order to perform a more accurate abnormality diagnosis, an abnormality diagnosis by frequency analysis is used in combination with the first or second embodiment described above.

The overall configuration of the wind turbine generator in Embodiment 3 is the same as that of the wind turbine generator 10 shown in FIG.

FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram functionally showing the configuration of the data processing device 80B in the third embodiment. Referring to FIG. 10, data processing device 80B further includes

frequency analysis units

220 and 230 in the configuration of data processing device 80A shown in FIG.

The frequency analysis unit 220 receives the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 from which the DC component has been removed from the HPF 110. Then, the frequency analysis unit 220 performs frequency analysis on the received vibration waveform of the bearing 60 and outputs the frequency analysis result to the storage unit 180. As an example, the frequency analysis unit 220 performs a fast Fourier transform (FFT) process on the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 received from the HPF 110, and outputs a peak frequency exceeding a preset threshold value to the storage unit 180.

Further, the frequency analysis unit 230 receives the AC component of the envelope waveform from which the DC component has been removed from the HPF 150. Then, the frequency analysis unit 230 performs frequency analysis on the AC component of the received envelope waveform and outputs the frequency analysis result to the storage unit 180. As an example, the frequency analysis unit 230 performs an FFT process on the AC component of the envelope waveform received from the HPF 110 and outputs a peak frequency exceeding a preset threshold value to the storage unit 180.

Then, the diagnosis unit 190 reads out the frequency analysis results from the

frequency analysis units

220 and 230 together with the corrected vibration degree Vr * and the corrected modulation degree Ve * from the storage unit 180, and temporally calculates the corrected vibration degree Vr * and the corrected modulation degree Ve *. By using the frequency analysis result together with the transition of the change, a more reliable abnormality diagnosis is performed.

For example, the frequency analysis results obtained by the

frequency analysis units

220 and 230 can be used to estimate a site where an abnormality has occurred when an abnormality is detected by an abnormality diagnosis based on the corrected vibration degree Vr * and the corrected modulation degree Ve *. . That is, when damage occurs inside the bearing, a vibration peak occurs at a specific frequency that is theoretically determined from the geometric structure and rotation speed inside the bearing, depending on the damaged part (inner ring, outer ring, rolling element). To do. Therefore, by using the frequency analysis results obtained by the

frequency analysis units

220 and 230 together with the abnormality diagnosis based on the corrected vibration degree Vr * and the corrected modulation degree Ve * described above, it is possible to more accurately diagnose the abnormality occurrence site. .

In the above description, the

frequency analysis units

220 and 230 are added in the second embodiment. However, the

frequency analysis units

220 and 230 are added to the data processing apparatus 80 in the first embodiment shown in FIG. It may be.

As described above, according to the third embodiment, since abnormality diagnosis by frequency analysis is used in combination, the reliability of abnormality diagnosis can be further improved and the abnormality occurrence site can be diagnosed more accurately.

[Embodiment 4]
In the fourth embodiment, detection values of various sensors are used in combination in order to further improve the reliability of abnormality diagnosis of the bearing 60.

FIG. 11 is a functional block diagram functionally showing the configuration of the data processing device 80C in the fourth embodiment. Referring to FIG. 11, data processing device 80C includes a diagnosis unit 190A instead of diagnosis unit 190 in the configuration of data processing device 80B shown in FIG.

The wind power generator according to Embodiment 4 further includes at least one of a displacement sensor 240, an AE (Acoustic Emission) sensor 250, a temperature sensor 260, and a magnetic iron powder sensor 270 in addition to the vibration sensor 70 and the rotation sensor 210. Provided. Diagnosis unit 190A receives a detection value from at least one of displacement sensor 240, AE sensor 250, temperature sensor 260, and magnetic iron powder sensor 270 provided therein. The diagnosis unit 190 </ b> A reads out the corrected vibration degree Vr *, the modified modulation degree Ve *, and the frequency analysis results by the

frequency analysis units

220 and 230 from the storage unit 180.

Then, the diagnosis unit 190A includes the displacement sensor 240, the AE sensor 250, the temperature sensor 260, and the magnetic iron powder sensor 270 together with the corrected vibration degree Vr *, the corrected modulation degree Ve *, and the frequency analysis results by the

frequency analysis units

220 and 230. Abnormality diagnosis of the bearing 60 is performed by using the detection value received from at least one together.

The displacement sensor 240 is attached to the bearing 60, detects the relative displacement of the inner ring with respect to the outer ring of the bearing 60, and outputs it to the diagnosis unit 190A. In the above-described corrected vibration degree Vr * and corrected modulation degree Ve * using the detection value of the vibration sensor 70 and the frequency analysis method, it is difficult to detect an abnormality with respect to the overall wear of the rolling surface. By detecting the displacement by the displacement sensor 240, it is possible to detect wear inside the bearing. When the detection value from the displacement sensor 240 exceeds a preset value, the diagnosis unit 190A determines that an abnormality has occurred in the bearing 60. Since the displacement sensor 240 detects the relative displacement between the outer ring and the inner ring, it is necessary to maintain the accuracy of the non-measurement surface with high quality.

The AE sensor 250 is attached to the bearing 60, detects an acoustic emission wave (AE signal) generated from the bearing 60, and outputs it to the diagnosis unit 190A. The AE sensor 250 is excellent in detecting internal cracks in the members constituting the bearing 60. By using the AE sensor 250 in combination, a peeling abnormality caused by an internal crack that is difficult to detect by the vibration sensor 70 is caused. It becomes possible to detect early. Then, the diagnosis unit 190A determines that the number of times that the amplitude of the AE signal detected by the AE sensor 250 exceeds the set value exceeds the threshold value, or the detected AE signal or a signal obtained by envelope processing of the AE signal is the threshold value. If it exceeds, it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the bearing 60.

The temperature sensor 260 is attached to the bearing 60, detects the temperature of the bearing 60, and outputs it to the diagnosis unit 190A. Generally, a bearing generates heat due to poor lubrication or insufficient clearance inside the bearing, and becomes non-rotatable when it becomes seized after discoloration or softening of a rolling surface. Therefore, by detecting the temperature of the bearing 60 with the temperature sensor 260, an abnormality such as a lubrication failure can be detected at an early stage.

When the corrected vibration degree Vr * and the corrected modulation degree Ve * behave as shown in FIG. 8, the diagnosis unit 190A further refers to the detection value of the temperature sensor 260 to diagnose abnormality such as a lubrication failure. To do. The diagnosis unit 190A may determine that an abnormality has occurred in the bearing 60 only when the detected value from the temperature sensor 260 exceeds a preset value.

Note that the temperature sensor 260 is constituted by, for example, a thermistor, a platinum resistor, a thermocouple, or the like.

Magnetic iron powder sensor 270 detects the amount of iron powder contained in the lubricant of bearing 60 and outputs the detected value to diagnosis unit 190A. The magnetic iron powder sensor 270 includes, for example, an electrode with a built-in magnet and a rod-like electrode, and is provided in the lubricant circulation path of the bearing 60. The magnetic iron powder sensor 270 captures the iron powder contained in the lubricant with a magnet, and outputs a signal when the electrical resistance between the electrodes falls below a set value due to the adhesion of the iron powder. That is, when the bearing is worn, iron powder generated by the wear is mixed with the lubricant. Therefore, the wear of the bearing 60 is detected by detecting the amount of iron powder contained in the lubricant of the bearing 60 by the magnetic iron powder sensor 270. be able to. When receiving a signal from the magnetic iron powder sensor 270, the diagnosis unit 190A determines that an abnormality has occurred in the bearing 60.

Although not specifically shown, an optical sensor that detects dirt on the lubricant by light transmittance may be used instead of the magnetic iron powder sensor 270. For example, an optical sensor irradiates grease with light from a light emitting element, and detects the amount of bearing wear powder in the grease based on a change in the intensity of light reaching the light receiving element. The light transmittance is defined by the ratio between the output value of the light receiving element in a state where no foreign matter is mixed in the grease and the output value of the light receiving element when iron oxide is mixed, and the diagnosis unit 190A determines the transmittance. Exceeds the set value, it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the bearing 60.

In FIG. 11, the displacement sensor 240, the AE sensor 250, the temperature sensor 260, and the magnetic iron powder sensor 270 are shown. However, it is not always necessary to provide all of them. By providing at least one sensor, abnormality diagnosis can be performed. Reliability can be increased.

As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, since the detection values of various sensors are used together for abnormality diagnosis, the reliability of abnormality diagnosis can be further improved. In particular, by using the displacement sensor 240 in combination, it is possible to diagnose the wear inside the bearing, and by using the AE sensor 250 in combination, it is possible to diagnose an abnormal peeling caused by an internal crack at an early stage. Further, by using the temperature sensor 260 in combination, it is possible to diagnose an abnormality such as poor lubrication at an early stage, and by using the magnetic iron powder sensor 270 and an optical sensor that detects contamination of the lubricant by light transmittance, etc. in combination. Abnormal wear of the bearing 60 can be diagnosed.

[Embodiment 5]
Since the nacelle 90 (FIG. 1) is installed at a high place, it is desirable that the above-described abnormality diagnosis apparatus is originally installed in a place away from the nacelle 90 in consideration of the maintainability of the apparatus itself. However, transferring the vibration waveform itself of the bearing 60 measured using the vibration sensor 70 to a remote place requires a transmission means having a high transfer speed, resulting in an increase in cost. Considering that the nacelle 90 is installed at a high place as described above, it is desirable to use wireless communication as a communication means from the nacelle 90 to the outside.

Therefore, in the fifth embodiment, the calculation of the corrected vibration degree Vr * and the corrected modulation degree Ve * and the frequency analysis processing (when frequency analysis is used in combination) are executed in a data processing device provided in the nacelle 90. Each data of the calculated modified vibration degree Vr *, modified modulation degree Ve * and frequency analysis result (peak frequency) is transmitted from the nacelle 90 to the outside by radio. The data wirelessly transmitted from the nacelle 90 is received by a communication server connected to the Internet, and transmitted to the diagnosis server via the Internet, so that an abnormality diagnosis of the bearing 60 is performed.

FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically showing the overall configuration of the abnormality diagnosis system according to the fifth embodiment. Referring to FIG. 12, the abnormality diagnosis system includes wind turbine generator 10, communication server 310, Internet 320, and bearing state diagnosis server 330.

The configuration of the wind power generator 10 is as described in FIG. As will be described later, in the data processing device of the wind turbine generator 10 according to the fifth embodiment, a wireless communication unit is provided instead of the diagnosis unit. Then, the wind turbine generator 10 uses the detection value of the vibration sensor 70 (FIG. 1) to calculate the above-described corrected vibration degree Vr * and corrected modulation degree Ve * and the frequency analysis result (when frequency analysis is used together), The calculation result is output to communication server 310 by radio.

The communication server 310 is connected to the Internet 320. Then, the communication server 310 receives data transmitted from the wind turbine generator 10 by radio, and outputs the received data to the bearing state diagnosis server 330 via the Internet 320. The bearing state diagnosis server 330 is connected to the Internet 320. Then, the bearing state diagnosis server 330 receives data from the communication server 310 via the Internet 320, and calculates the corrected vibration degree Vr * and the corrected modulation degree Ve * calculated by the wind turbine generator 10 and the frequency analysis result (frequency analysis is performed). Based on (when used in combination), an abnormality diagnosis of the bearing 60 (FIG. 1) provided in the wind turbine generator 10 is performed.

FIG. 13 is a functional block diagram functionally showing the configuration of the data processing device 80D included in the wind turbine generator 10 shown in FIG. Referring to FIG. 13, data processing device 80D includes a wireless communication unit 280 in place of diagnostic unit 190 in the configuration of data processing device 80B shown in FIG. 10. The wireless communication unit 280 reads out the corrected vibration degree Vr * and the corrected modulation degree Ve * and the frequency analysis results by the

frequency analysis units

220 and 230 from the storage unit 180, and wirelessly transmits the read data to the communication server 310 (FIG. 12). Send to.

The other configuration of the data processing device 80D is the same as that of the data processing device 80B shown in FIG.

In the above description, it is assumed that wireless communication is performed between the nacelle 90 and the communication server 310. However, the nacelle 90 and the communication server 310 may be connected by wire. In this case, although wiring is required, it is not necessary to separately provide a wireless communication device, and generally, wired information can be transmitted more, so that processing is performed on the main board in the nacelle 90. Can be aggregated.

Also, it is desirable that the above-described abnormality diagnosis system is configured independently of the existing power generation monitoring system. By comprising in this way, the introduction cost of an abnormality diagnosis system can be suppressed, without adding a change to the existing system.

As described above, according to the fifth embodiment, the bearing abnormality diagnosis server 330 provided in the remote place performs the bearing abnormality diagnosis provided in the wind turbine generator 10, thereby reducing the maintenance load and cost. Can do.

In addition, since the nacelle 90 is installed at a high place and the working environment is inferior, the signal output from the nacelle 90 is made wireless by providing the wireless communication unit 280 and the communication server 310. Wiring work in the tower 100 that supports the nacelle 90 can be minimized.

[Embodiment 6]
In the sixth embodiment, the envelope processing in the envelope processing unit 140 is optimized in each of the above embodiments in order to perform abnormality diagnosis with higher detection sensitivity.

FIG. 14 is a functional block diagram of the envelope processing unit in the sixth embodiment. Referring to FIG. 14, envelope processing unit 140 </ b> A includes an absolute value detection unit 410 and an envelope detection unit 420.

The absolute value detection unit 410 receives the detection value of the vibration of the bearing 60 from the vibration sensor 70 and outputs the absolute value of the received detection signal. The envelope detector 420 generates an envelope waveform of the vibration waveform of the bearing 60 by subjecting the output signal of the absolute value detector 410 to attenuation processing with a predetermined time constant. Specifically, the envelope detector 420 generates an envelope waveform using the following equation.

Here, n is a numerical number obtained by discretizing a continuous signal with respect to time, E [n] is an n-th signal after envelope processing, and Max (a, b) is a function that returns the larger one of a and b, | S [n] | is the nth discretization signal output from the absolute value detection unit 410, | S [n-1] | is the n-1th discretization signal, Δt is the discretization period, and τ is the time constant. Indicates. This equation (5) attenuates the output from the peak value with a time constant τ when a signal is input, and attenuates the output from a new peak value when a signal exceeding the output is input. is there. According to this equation (5), an envelope waveform can be generated by a simple process, and a large peak signal that occurs instantaneously due to a peeling abnormality or the like can be reliably left.

Further, the envelope detector 420 sets the time constant τ based on the rotational speed N of the main shaft 20 or the bearing 60. If the value of the time constant τ for determining the envelope waveform is too large, the characteristics of the input signal (vibration waveform) are discarded, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the time constant τ is too small, a signal equivalent to the input signal (vibration waveform) is output and does not become an envelope waveform. Therefore, the time constant τ needs to be set to an appropriate value.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing changes in the envelope waveform when the time constant τ of the envelope processing is changed. However, this waveform is a signal of only the AC component excluding the DC component. Referring to FIG. 15, here, an envelope waveform is shown when the time constant τ is τ1, τ2, τ3 (τ1 <τ2 <τ3) for the same input signal (vibration waveform). The horizontal axis indicates time. It can be seen from FIG. 15 that the decay rate of the envelope waveform decreases when the time constant τ is increased.

FIG. 16 shows the value obtained by dividing the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform (hereinafter also referred to as “modulation degree”) by the effective value of the vibration waveform (hereinafter also referred to as “vibration degree”) and the time constant of the envelope processing. It is the figure which showed the relationship. Referring to FIG. 16, the vertical axis represents the modulation factor / vibration factor (hereinafter also referred to as “modulation ratio”). The abscissa indicates a dimensionless time constant (τ / τ0) obtained by dividing the time constant τ by the rolling cycle passage τ0 of the bearing 60 with respect to the stationary wheel (for example, the outer ring). Note that τ0 corresponds to, for example, a pulse-like vibration period in the vibration waveform shown in FIG.

A curve k11 shows a modulation ratio of a normal product in which no abnormality has occurred in the bearing 60, and a curve k12 shows a modulation ratio of an abnormal product in which separation has occurred on the stationary ring of the bearing 60. It is. The generation period of the pulse-like vibration when separation occurs in the stationary wheel is the passage period of the rolling element with respect to the stationary wheel, that is, the time constant τ0 on the horizontal axis. As described above, when peeling occurs, the modulation ratio increases and the vibration degree does not increase so much as described with reference to FIG. In order to increase the detection sensitivity of peeling, it is sufficient that the ratio of the modulation ratio of the abnormal product to the modulation ratio of the normal product is large.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the relationship between the ratio of the modulation ratio of the abnormal product (peeling) to the modulation ratio of the normal product and the time constant of the envelope processing. Referring to FIG. 17, the horizontal axis represents a dimensionless time constant. The ratio of the abnormal product modulation ratio to the normal product modulation ratio increases as the dimensionless time constant increases from 0, and decreases monotonously when the dimensionless time constant exceeds 0.5.

This result is considered as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the vibration waveform of a normal product is a waveform in which the same vibration continues in a short cycle, so that the modulation degree does not change so much even if the time constant of the envelope processing is changed. Therefore, for a normal product, the modulation ratio does not change much even if the time constant is changed (see curve k11 in FIG. 16).

On the other hand, for abnormal products (peeling), as shown in FIG. 16, the modulation ratio increases as the dimensionless time constant increases from 0, and decreases monotonously when the dimensionless time constant exceeds 0.5. As can be inferred from the change of the envelope waveform accompanying the change of the time constant τ shown in FIG. 15, the effective value (degree of modulation) of the alternating current component of the envelope waveform increases from zero. However, when the dimensionless time constant exceeds 0.5, the attenuation of the envelope waveform becomes dull and the effective value (modulation degree) of the AC component of the envelope waveform decreases.

Note that when the dimensionless time constant is 1 or more, the information of the input signal (vibration waveform) is greatly impaired. That is, since the envelope waveform has a low frequency, the waveform quality can be maintained even if the discretization period is increased. Since the envelope waveform can reduce the storage capacity, it is suitable for storing data. However, if the time constant is too large, it is impossible to estimate the characteristics of the original vibration waveform from the envelope waveform. Therefore, the dimensionless time constant is preferably set to a value between 0.5 and 1. That is, the time constant τ is preferably set to be not less than 0.5 times the passage cycle τ0 of the rolling element with respect to the stationary wheel of the bearing 60 and not more than the passage cycle τ0.

Referring again to FIG. 14, the envelope detector 420 sets the time constant τ based on the rotational speed N of the main shaft 20 or the bearing 60. That is, the passage period τ0 can be calculated based on the rotational speed N of the main shaft 20 or the bearing 60 and the specifications of the bearing 60. Therefore, the envelope detector 420 calculates the passage period τ0 based on the rotational speed N and the specifications of the bearing 60, and is within a range of 0.5 times or more and 1 or less of the calculated passage period τ0 (for example, 0 of τ0). ..5 times) Set the time constant τ. The rotation speed N can be detected by the rotation sensor 210 shown in FIG.

In the above description, since the first occurrence of separation in the bearing 60 is often a stationary wheel, the time constant τ is set with reference to the passage period τ0 of the rolling element with respect to the stationary wheel. When the rolling element is more easily separated than the stationary wheel, the time constant τ may be set based on the half cycle of the rolling element's rotation. That is, the envelope detection unit 420 calculates the rotation half-cycle of the rolling element based on the rotational speed N and the specifications of the bearing 60, and is within a range of 0.5 times to 1 (for example, rotation half-cycle) The time constant τ may be set. In addition, the reason why the rolling element is rotated on the half cycle is that the rolling element contacts the raceway twice every time the rolling element rotates once.

As described above, according to the sixth embodiment, since the time constant τ in the envelope processing is set based on the rotational speed N of the main shaft 20 or the bearing 60, even if the rotational speed N changes, the detection sensitivity. High abnormality diagnosis can be realized.

Referring to FIG. 1 again, in each of the above-described embodiments, vibration sensor 70 is attached to bearing 60 and performs an abnormality diagnosis of bearing 60. Instead, a vibration sensor is installed in a bearing provided in the speed increaser 40 or the generator 50, and a bearing provided in the speed increaser 40 or the generator 50 by the same method as in each of the above embodiments. Can be diagnosed.

In the above, the

data processing devices

80, 80A to 80C correspond to an embodiment of the “processing unit” in the present invention, and the effective

value calculation units

120, 160 are respectively the “first calculation unit” in the present invention. This corresponds to an example of the “second arithmetic unit”. The data processing device 80D corresponds to an example of the “data processing unit” in the present invention, and the bearing state diagnosis server 330 corresponds to an example of the “bearing abnormality diagnosis device” in the present invention.

The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown not by the above description of the embodiments but by the scope of claims, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims.

10 wind power generators, 20 spindles, 30 blades, 40 speed increasers, 50 generators, 60 bearings, 70 vibration sensors, 80, 80A-80D data processing devices, 90 nacelles, 100 towers, 110, 150 HPF, 120, 160 RMS value calculation unit, 130, correction vibration degree calculation unit, 140, 140A envelope processing unit, 170 correction modulation degree calculation unit, 180 storage unit, 190, 190A diagnosis unit, 200 speed function generation unit, 210 rotation sensor, 220, 230 frequency Analysis unit, 240 displacement sensor, 250 AE sensor, 260 temperature sensor, 270 magnetic iron powder sensor, 280 wireless communication unit, 310 communication server, 320 internet, 330 bearing state diagnosis server, 410 absolute value detection unit, 420 envelope detection Department.

Claims

A vibration sensor (70) for measuring a vibration waveform of the rolling bearing (60);
A processing unit (80, 80A to 80C) for diagnosing abnormality of the rolling bearing,
The processor is
A first calculation unit (120) for calculating an effective value of the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor;
An envelope processing unit (140, 140A) for generating an envelope waveform of the vibration waveform by performing an envelope process on the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor;
A second calculation unit (160) for calculating an effective value of an alternating current component of the envelope waveform generated by the envelope processing unit;
A diagnosis unit that diagnoses an abnormality of the rolling bearing based on the effective value of the vibration waveform calculated by the first calculation unit and the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform calculated by the second calculation unit ( 190, 190A), and a rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device.
A rotation sensor (210) for detecting a rotation speed of the shaft supported by the rolling bearing or the rolling bearing;
The processor is
A modified vibration level calculation unit (130) that calculates a corrected vibration level obtained by normalizing the effective value of the vibration waveform calculated by the first calculation unit with the rotation speed;
A modified modulation degree calculation unit (170) for calculating a modified modulation degree obtained by normalizing the effective value of the alternating current component of the envelope waveform calculated by the second calculation unit with the rotation speed;
The abnormality diagnosis device for a rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the diagnosis unit diagnoses an abnormality of the rolling bearing based on the corrected vibration degree and the corrected modulation degree.
3. The abnormality diagnosis device for a rolling bearing according to claim 2, wherein the diagnosis unit diagnoses an abnormality of the rolling bearing based on a temporal change of the corrected vibration degree and the corrected modulation degree.
The processing unit further includes a frequency analysis unit (220, 230) for performing frequency analysis on at least one of the vibration waveform and the envelope waveform,
The abnormality diagnosis device for a rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the diagnosis unit further estimates an abnormal part of the rolling bearing based on an analysis result of the frequency analysis unit.
The rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device according to claim 1, wherein the vibration sensor includes an acceleration sensor.
A displacement sensor (240) for detecting a relative displacement between the inner and outer rings of the rolling bearing;
The abnormality diagnosis device for a rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the diagnosis unit further diagnoses an abnormality of the rolling bearing by further using a detection value of the displacement sensor.
A temperature sensor (260) for measuring the temperature of the rolling bearing;
The abnormality diagnosis device for a rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the diagnosis unit further diagnoses an abnormality of the rolling bearing by further using a measured value of the temperature sensor.
A sensor (270) for measuring the amount of impurities contained in the lubricant of the rolling bearing;
The abnormality diagnosis device for a rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the diagnosis unit further diagnoses an abnormality of the rolling bearing by further using a measured value of the sensor.
A rotation sensor (210) for detecting a rotation speed of the shaft supported by the rolling bearing or the rolling bearing;
The envelope processing unit (140A)
An absolute value detector (410) for outputting an absolute value of the vibration waveform;
An envelope detector (420) that generates the envelope waveform by applying attenuation processing of a predetermined time constant to the output signal of the absolute value detector,
The rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device according to claim 1, wherein the time constant is set based on the rotation speed.
The rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device according to claim 9, wherein the time constant is set to be equal to or less than a half cycle of rotation of a rolling element in the rolling bearing.
The rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device according to claim 10, wherein the time constant is set to 0.5 times or more of the half cycle.
The rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device according to claim 9, wherein the time constant is set to be equal to or less than a passing cycle of a rolling element with respect to a stationary ring of the rolling bearing.
The rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device according to claim 12, wherein the time constant is set to 0.5 times or more of the passage period.
A blade (30) that receives wind power;
A main shaft (20) connected to the blade;
A generator (50) connected to the main shaft or to a gearbox for speeding up rotation of the main shaft;
A plurality of rolling bearings (60) provided on the main shaft, the speed increaser and the generator;
An abnormality diagnosing device for diagnosing at least one abnormality of the plurality of rolling bearings,
The abnormality diagnosis device includes:
A vibration sensor (70) for measuring a vibration waveform of a rolling bearing to be diagnosed;
A processing unit (80, 80A to 80C) for diagnosing abnormality of the rolling bearing to be diagnosed,
The processor is
A first calculation unit (120) for calculating an effective value of the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor;
An envelope processing unit (140, 140A) for generating an envelope waveform of the vibration waveform by performing an envelope process on the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor;
A second calculation unit (160) for calculating an effective value of an alternating current component of the envelope waveform generated by the envelope processing unit;
A diagnosis unit that diagnoses an abnormality of the rolling bearing based on the effective value of the vibration waveform calculated by the first calculation unit and the effective value of the AC component of the envelope waveform calculated by the second calculation unit ( 190).
A wind power generator (10);
An abnormality diagnosis device (330) disposed at a position different from the wind power generation device;
A communication device (310) for performing communication between the wind power generator and the abnormality diagnosis device;
The wind power generator is
A blade (30) that receives wind power;
A main shaft (20) connected to the blade;
A generator (50) connected to the main shaft or to a gearbox for speeding up rotation of the main shaft;
A plurality of rolling bearings (60) provided on the main shaft, the speed increaser and the generator;
A vibration sensor (70) for measuring at least one vibration waveform of the plurality of rolling bearings;
A data processing unit (80D) that performs primary processing on the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor,
The data processing unit
A first calculation unit (120) for calculating an effective value of the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor;
An envelope processing unit (140, 140A) for generating an envelope waveform of the vibration waveform by performing an envelope process on the vibration waveform measured using the vibration sensor;
A second calculation unit (160) that calculates an effective value of an alternating current component of the envelope waveform generated by the envelope processing unit,
The abnormality diagnosis device diagnoses an abnormality of a rolling bearing to be diagnosed based on an effective value of the vibration waveform and an effective value of an alternating current component of the envelope waveform received from the data processing unit of the wind turbine generator by the communication device. An abnormality diagnosis system.