WO2011079716A1 - 一种使用麦克风阵列的降噪控制方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种使用麦克风阵列的降噪控制方法和装置 Download PDF

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WO2011079716A1
WO2011079716A1 PCT/CN2010/079814 CN2010079814W WO2011079716A1 WO 2011079716 A1 WO2011079716 A1 WO 2011079716A1 CN 2010079814 W CN2010079814 W CN 2010079814W WO 2011079716 A1 WO2011079716 A1 WO 2011079716A1
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signal
microphone array
adaptive filter
noise reduction
noise
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French (fr)
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李波
刘崧
楼厦厦
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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Priority to JP2012540279A priority patent/JP5542952B2/ja
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10LSPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L21/00Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
    • G10L21/02Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
    • G10L21/0208Noise filtering
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10LSPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L21/00Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
    • G10L21/02Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
    • G10L21/0208Noise filtering
    • G10L21/0216Noise filtering characterised by the method used for estimating noise
    • G10L2021/02161Number of inputs available containing the signal or the noise to be suppressed
    • G10L2021/02166Microphone arrays; Beamforming

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of microphone array adaptive noise reduction control technology, and in particular to a microphone array noise reduction control method and apparatus. Background technique
  • Wireless mobile communication technologies and devices have been widely used in people's ordinary life and work, which has relieved the time and space constraints of people's communication and provided great convenience for people.
  • the communication environment will be complex and varied, including noisy environments, where noise will make the voice quality of the call seriously degraded. Therefore, the voice enhancement technology that suppresses noise has a modern communication. Important application.
  • Patent Document 3 provides another better microphone array speech enhancement technique composed of two or more microphones, and the noise received by one microphone through the adaptive filter cancels the noise component in the signal received by the other microphone. Keep the voice component. Since the signals received by the two microphones in practice have speech components, the noise reduction will also damage the speech. Therefore, a key difficulty of this technology is how to control the convergence and filtering of the adaptive filter to ensure effective noise suppression. At the same time, the voice in one microphone is protected from being cancelled by the voice in the other microphone.
  • the microphone array has a pointing by designing a specific microphone position.
  • the directional microphone is directly used, so that the energy responses from signals in different directions are different, so the direction of the signal is judged by comparing the energy differences, thereby controlling the elimination of noise.
  • this method first has strict requirements on the microphone, such as the consistency requirement of the microphone, or the directional microphone needs to be strictly designed to have obvious directivity, which has a large limitation; secondly, this method cannot accurately judge in the case of large noise.
  • the noise reduction of the adaptive filter cannot be accurately controlled, so that the noise is damaged while the noise is reduced.
  • Patent Document 1 Chinese Invention Patent Notice No. CN1684143
  • Patent Document 2 Chinese Invention Patent Announcement No. CN101477800
  • Patent Document 3 Chinese Invention Patent Announcement No. CN101466055
  • Patent Document 4 Chinese Invention Patent Publication No. CN101466056
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is how to accurately determine the voice state by using a microphone array composed of two or more microphones, thereby effectively controlling the adaptive filter to eliminate noise and improve the signal to noise ratio. At the same time, it is very good at protecting voice quality.
  • the present invention provides a microphone array adaptive noise reduction control method, which includes the following steps:
  • the step of determining the incident angle of the sound includes:
  • S202 Calculate a phase difference of each frequency sub-band of the microphone array signal, and calculate a relative delay of each frequency sub-band of the microphone array signal by the phase difference;
  • step S203 Calculate an incident angle of the microphone array signal according to a relative delay of each frequency subband.
  • step S4 when there is only noise, the adaptive filter is quickly updated; when the target signal is present, the adaptive filter is slowly updated.
  • the update speed of the adaptive filter is controlled by the control parameter ⁇ , wherein the value of ⁇ is determined by the ratio of the noise component in the statistical result; the smaller the ⁇ , the slower the adaptive filter update; when ⁇ is 0
  • the sound signals are all target speech signals, and the adaptive filter is not updated; conversely, when ⁇ is 1, the sound signals are all noise signals, and the adaptive filter is updated at the fastest speed.
  • the method further includes: setting an angular transition range, dividing the entire space into a plurality of regions according to the number of the target speech signals, calculating a parameter ⁇ according to the region where the incident angle is located, and calculating ⁇ * ⁇ As a control parameter of the adaptive filter.
  • the step of performing frequency domain transformation on the sound signal further includes:
  • S2013 DFT converts the data after the window into the frequency domain.
  • the present invention further provides a microphone array noise reduction control apparatus, including: a microphone array for collecting a sound signal; and a filtering control unit configured to determine an incident angle of all sound signals of the microphone array, and perform a signal according to the incident angle The statistics of the components are then controlled based on the statistical results of the signal components to control the adaptive filter and the wave filter; the adaptive filter is used to filter out noise.
  • a microphone array noise reduction control apparatus including: a microphone array for collecting a sound signal; and a filtering control unit configured to determine an incident angle of all sound signals of the microphone array, and perform a signal according to the incident angle The statistics of the components are then controlled based on the statistical results of the signal components to control the adaptive filter and the wave filter; the adaptive filter is used to filter out noise.
  • the filtering control unit includes: a DFT unit for performing a discrete Fourier transform on the sound signal to the frequency domain; and a signal delay estimating unit for calculating a phase difference of each frequency subband of the microphone array signal, and the phase difference is Calculating a relative delay of each frequency subband of the microphone array signal; a signal direction estimating unit, configured to calculate an incident angle of the microphone array signal according to a relative delay of each frequency subband; a signal component statistical unit, configured to be used according to the incident The angle is used to calculate the target signal component, and the target signal component and the noise component are distinguished.
  • the DFT unit includes: a framing unit; configured to perform framing processing on the sound signal; a window unit, configured to window-process each frame of the framed signal; and a DFT conversion unit configured to perform DFT conversion on the windowed data to the frequency domain.
  • the microphone array in the technical solution provided by the present invention is composed entirely of omnidirectional microphones or consists of omnidirectional microphones and unidirectional microphones or all of them are unidirectional microphones.
  • the spatial orientation information of the sound is directly obtained by using the microphone array, and the orientation information is utilized to more accurately control the update filtering of the adaptive filter, thereby effectively reducing noise and protecting the voice well.
  • this technology does not require the energy information of the signal, and does not have strict requirements on the consistency of the two microphones, nor is it affected by the energy change.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the position of two microphone arrays according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a simple principle of a dual microphone implementation provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single microphone array implementation of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dual microphone time domain adaptive filter noise reduction implementation scheme provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dual microphone frequency domain (subband) adaptive filter noise reduction implementation scheme provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 6a is a waveform diagram of a noisy speech signal before denoising processing according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6b is a waveform diagram of a speech signal after denoising processing according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram of the present invention. A schematic diagram of the position of a two microphone array;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic illustration of the position of two microphone arrays suitable for use in a dual microphone headset provided by the present invention. detailed description
  • an acoustic signal collected by two microphones and an adaptive filter are used for noise reduction processing, wherein two microphones are used.
  • the collected acoustic signals are respectively used as the noisy speech signal S1 and the reference signal 3 ⁇ 4.
  • the reference signal S 2 is input to the adaptive filter for filtering, the output signal noise signal S 3 , the noisy speech signal ⁇ 1 signal minus s 3 is obtained to obtain the signal y, and y is fed back to the adaptive filter to update the filter weight.
  • the adaptive filter When the y energy is large, the adaptive filter is quickly updated so that s 3 keeps close to Sl , and then the y energy obtained by subtracting Si and s 3 is continuously smaller; at that time, the y energy is the smallest, and the adaptive filter stops updating, thereby The effect of using the s 2 system 81 is achieved.
  • the present invention provides a method of controlling adaptive filter updating and filtering using a sound incident direction, which enables the adaptive filter to not impair speech when speech occurs.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a simple principle of a dual microphone voice enhancement control implementation provided by the present invention.
  • two omnidirectional microphones mic_a, mic_b were collected into acoustic signals Sl, s 2.
  • the sound signal S1 is used as a desired voice signal, and the sound signal s 2 is treated as a reference signal.
  • the sound signal S1 , s 2 is processed by a filter control unit to obtain a control parameter ot; then the adaptive filter H adjusts the update speed according to the control parameter ⁇ , and calculates the noise signal s 3 ; the desired voice signal S1 minus the noise signal s 3 obtains the noise-reduced speech signal y, and y feeds back to the adaptive filter to update the filter weights, so that the energy of the noise in y is minimized, and the speech energy is unchanged, thereby achieving protection of the speech while suppressing noise. effect.
  • FIG. 3 is a simple implementation of a microphone array composed of a plurality of microphones provided by the present invention. Schematic diagram. As shown in FIG. 3, n+1 omnidirectional microphones mic_a, mic_bl mic_bn form a microphone array, and in the process of performing noise reduction processing in this embodiment, the sound signal is collected by the microphone mic_a as a desired The speech signal S1 is processed by mic_bl whil mic-bn to obtain a sound signal as a reference signal.
  • the microphone array implementation provided in FIG. 3 is different from the dual microphone implementation of FIG. 2 in that there are n microphones (mic_b1...mic_bn) providing reference signals in the microphone array, adaptive filters.
  • the control module processes the sound signals collected by the n microphones and the sound signals collected by the mic—a, and obtains n control parameters ⁇ , ⁇ (HI ...... Hn ) adaptive filters.
  • y is fed back to the adaptive filter to update the filter weights, so that the energy of the noise in y is minimized, and the speech energy is unchanged, thereby achieving the effect of suppressing noise-protected speech.
  • the adaptive filter may be a time domain adaptive filter or a frequency domain adaptive filter.
  • the noise reduction implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below by taking the time domain adaptive filter and the frequency domain adaptive filter as examples.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a dual microphone time domain adaptive filter noise reduction implementation provided by the present invention.
  • the signal is then processed by the filter control unit, and the control parameter ⁇ is output to the adaptive filter.
  • the adaptive filter constrains its weight according to the control parameter ⁇ to update and filter the corresponding speed, and outputs the noise signal s 3 ; and the noise signal s 3 and the noise in the desired speech signal 81 are eliminated.
  • the final noise-reduced speech signal y The final noise-reduced speech signal y.
  • the filtering control unit comprises a DFT unit, a signal delay estimating unit, a signal direction estimating unit and a signal component statistical unit, and the DFT unit separately performs discrete Fourier transform to the frequency domain; and converts the signal into the frequency domain to the signal input
  • the microphone signal delay estimating unit calculates the phase difference of each frequency subband of the two signals, and then calculates the relative delay of each frequency subband of the two signals according to the phase difference; setting the target speech from the 0 degree direction, and the signal direction estimating unit Two-way signal for each frequency sub-band
  • the relative delays are converted into their incident angles, and the target speech components within the guard angle and the noise components outside the guard angle can be distinguished according to the incident angle; the signal component statistical unit counts the components of the target speech signal whose incident angle is within the guard angle, and
  • the control parameter ⁇ (0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 ) is calculated.
  • the more noise components outside the protection angle, the larger the control parameter ⁇ is, the faster the adaptive filter is updated; when the received signals are all noise components outside the guard angle, ⁇ 1, adaptive filter The fastest update in the noise segment suppresses the noise signal.
  • the speech that stops updating in the speech segment to protect the desired speech signal is not erased by 4, so that the good protection target speech is not damaged.
  • noise speech signal y is fed back to the time domain adaptive filter H, when y energy, quickly update the adaptive filter, so that the continued proximity Sl s 3, and s 3 and Sl obtained with Save The y energy is getting smaller and smaller.
  • the frame length N 256, that is, 32 ms
  • the aliasing M 128, that is, 50% aliasing.
  • Window function can choose Hanming window, Hanning window and other window functions, this implementation
  • the windowed data is finally DFT converted to the frequency domain.
  • o ⁇ it ⁇ is the frequency subband
  • G is the frequency subband
  • (») is the amplitude
  • (" is the phase.
  • Signal delay estimation unit Calculate the relative delay of the two signals
  • the angle of incidence of the signal can be known by comparing the relative delay of the signal ⁇ ( « ) with the delay of the protection angle ⁇ 45° ⁇ ( ⁇ 45°):
  • the control parameter ⁇ of the adaptive filter is obtained according to the ⁇ ( « ) statistic in the protection angle.
  • the adaptive filter input signal is s 2 (n), and the filtered output signal is s 3 (n):
  • s 3 (n) w( )*s 2 (n) + w(l)*s 2 (nl) + ... + w(Pl)*s 2 (nP + l)
  • the adaptive filter stops updating, so that the adaptive filter and the output signal s 3 (n) of the filter do not converge to ⁇ ( ⁇ ), s 3 (n) is different from s ⁇ n), so that the subtracted speech components are not cancelled, and the output y(n) retains the speech component.
  • 0 ⁇ 1 That is, the signal collected by the microphone has both a speech component and a noise component.
  • the adaptive filter update speed is controlled by the number of speech components and noise components to ensure that the speech component is preserved while eliminating noise.
  • FIG. 6a and FIG. 6b respectively show waveform diagrams of the noisy speech signal and the denoised speech signal before and after the noise reduction processing of the above-described embodiment provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 6a and FIG. 6b wherein the target voice is from the 0° direction and the music noise is from 90°
  • FIG. 6a is the original noisy speech signal S1 waveform collected by the microphone mic_a
  • FIG. 6b is after the noise reduction process of the present invention.
  • Signal y waveform It can be seen that the technical solution for reducing noise by using the incident angle of sound provided by the present invention can better protect the target speech while eliminating the noise in the target speech, and has a good noise reduction effect.
  • ⁇ * ⁇ is a control parameter as an adaptive filter. This makes the control parameters of the adaptive filter more precise, thereby enhancing the noise reduction effect of the speech.
  • control parameter ⁇ is used to control the time domain adaptive filter for noise reduction, but it is not limited to the time domain adaptive filter.
  • the control parameter ⁇ can also be used to control the frequency domain (subband) adaptive filter for noise reduction.
  • the difference between the time domain and the frequency domain is:
  • the signal component statistical unit of the time domain obtains a control parameter ⁇ by counting the number or proportion of the target signal; the statistical component of the signal component of the frequency domain is obtained by counting the incident angle of each frequency subband.
  • the control parameter ⁇ of the frequency subbands The difference between the time domain and the frequency domain is:
  • the signal component statistical unit of the time domain obtains a control parameter ⁇ by counting the number or proportion of the target signal; the statistical component of the signal component of the frequency domain is obtained by counting the incident angle of each frequency subband.
  • the DFT unit collects two omnidirectional microphones mic_a and mic_b.
  • the signal s 2 is transformed into the frequency domain, and the signal converted to the frequency domain is input to the microphone signal delay estimating unit to calculate the relative delay of each frequency sub-band of the two signals; the signal direction estimating unit takes each frequency sub-band signal The relative delay is converted into the incident angle of each frequency sub-band signal; the signal component statistical unit counts the position of the incident angle of each frequency sub-band within the guard angle, and calculates the corresponding control parameter ⁇ ,. Indicates the frequency subband).
  • the frequency domain (subband) adaptive filter 4 performs update control on each frequency subband after the signal component statistics according to the characteristics of the frequency subband.
  • the incident angle of each frequency sub-band is converted into the control parameter ⁇ of the adaptive filter, (representing the frequency sub-band).
  • the i'th frequency subband incident angle is ⁇ in the 0 degree direction of the guard angle.
  • the control parameters of each frequency subband can be further obtained and the update of each frequency subband of the frequency adaptive filter can be independently controlled, and the noise reduction effect is more prominent.
  • the transition region may be further increased to obtain the parameter ⁇ ( 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 ), and new control parameters ⁇ , * ⁇ are generated.
  • ⁇ , ⁇ * ⁇ as the control parameter of the adaptive filter can also make the control parameters of the adaptive filter more precise, thus enhancing the noise reduction effect of the speech.
  • the closer to the suppression region ⁇ , the larger, ⁇ ,. 1 in the inhibition region.
  • the protection range selected by the above embodiment is -45° ⁇ 45°, but in practice, it can be adjusted according to the actual position and needs of the user.
  • the relative position of the two microphones to the user is not limited to the position shown in FIG. 1, and may be any position, as long as there is no obstacle between the microphone and the human mouth or the target sound source to block the sound signal transmission, as shown in FIG.
  • the consistency of the two microphones is not strictly required; and the microphone signal is not affected by the change of the sound signal energy. There is no strict requirement for directivity.
  • the present invention is easier to implement in the implementation process than the existing microphone noise reduction technology.
  • the omnidirectional microphone is used to form the microphone array
  • the omnidirectional microphone and the unidirectional microphone may be used to form the microphone array
  • all of the unidirectional microphones may be used to form the microphone array.

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Description

说 明 书 一种使用麦克风阵列的降噪控制方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及麦克风阵列自适应降噪控制技术领域, 具体地说, 涉及一种 麦克风阵列降噪控制方法及装置。 背景技术
无线移动通讯技术和设备在人们的寻常生活和工作中已经得到了广泛应 用, 解除了人们通讯的时空约束, 为人们提供了极大的便利。 但是由于没有 了时空的限制, 因此通讯的环境会是复杂多变的, 其中包括吵杂的环境, 其 中的噪声会使得通话的语音质量严重下降, 因此抑制噪声的语音增强技术在 现代通讯中有重要的应用。
目前常用的语音增强技术中有单麦克风谱减语音增强技术, 也叫单通道 谱减语音增强技术, 比如专利文献 1 ( CN1684143A ) 和专利文献 2 ( CN101477800A ) 中所公开的语音增强技术。 这种技术有以下缺陷: 首先只 能抑制稳态的噪声, 对非稳态的噪声 (如商城超市里的周围人的说话声) 没 有明显的抑制效果; 其次在信噪比较低时, 不能准确统计出噪声能量, 从而 会对语音造成损害; 最后此技术对噪声能量的估计需要一段较长的统计时间, 从而在噪声出现一段时间后降噪才会有效。
专利文献 3 中提供了另一种更优的两个或多个麦克风组成的麦克风阵列 语音增强技术, 通过自适应滤波器用一个麦克风接收到的噪声抵消另一个麦 克风接收到的信号中的噪声成分, 保留语音成分。 由于实际中两个麦克风接 收的信号都有语音成分, 降噪的同时也会损害到语音, 因此这种技术的一个 关键难点是如何控制自适应滤波器的收敛和滤波, 以保证有效的抑制噪声同 时保护一个麦克风中的语音不会被另一个麦克风中的语音抵消。
在专利文献 4 中, 通过设计特定的麦克风位置使得麦克风阵列具有指向 性, 而在专利文献 3 中则直接使用指向性麦克风, 这样对来自不同方向信号 的能量响应不一样, 因此通过比较能量差异来判断信号的方向, 从而控制噪 声的消除。 但是, 这种方法首先对麦克风有严格要求, 如麦克风的一致性要 求, 或指向性麦克风需要严格设计以有明显的指向性, 从而有较大限制; 其 次此方法无法在大噪声情况下准确判断语音状态, 也就不能准确控制自适应 滤波器的降噪, 因此在降噪的同时会损害到语音。
专利文献 1 中国发明专利公告 第 CN1684143号
专利文献 2 中国发明专利公告 第 CN101477800号
专利文献 3 中国发明专利公告 第 CN101466055号
专利文献 4 中国发明专利公告 第 CN101466056号 发明内容
针对现有技术中所存在的上述问题, 本发明要解决的问题就是如何利用 两个或多个麦克风组成的麦克风阵列来准确判断语音状态, 从而有效控制自 适应滤波器消除噪声, 提高信噪比, 同时很好的保护语音质量。
为了解决上述技术问题, 本发明提供一种麦克风阵列自适应降噪控制方 法, 包括如下步骤: 如下步骤:
S1: 麦克风阵列采集声音信号;
S2: 确定麦克风阵列所有声音信号的入射角度;
S3: 根据入射角度进行信号成分的统计;
S4: 根据统计结果对自适应滤波器进行控制。
进一步, 确定声音的入射角度的步骤包括:
S201 : 把声音信号进行频域变换, 或进行子带变换;
S202: 计算出麦克风阵列信号各个频率子带的相位差, 并由相位差计算 出麦克风阵列信号各频率子带的相对延时;
S203: 根据各频率子带的相对延时计算出麦克风阵列信号的入射角度。 其中, 在步骤 S4中, 在只有噪声时, 自适应滤波器快速更新; 在存在目 标信号时, 自适应滤波器緩慢更新。 优选的, 利用控制参数 α来控制自适应滤波器的更新速度, 其中, α的值 由统计结果中噪声成分所占的比率确定; α越小, 自适应滤波器更新越慢; α 为 0时, 声音信号全部为目标语音信号, 自适应滤波器不更新; 反之, α为 1时, 声音信号全部为噪声信号, 自适应滤波器以最快速度更新。
优选的, 在步骤 S2之后, 进一步包括: 设置一角度过渡范围, 根据目标 语音信号的多少将整个空间区分为若干区域, 根据所述入射角度所在的区域 计算出参数 β, 并将 β*α是作为自适应滤波器的控制参数。
进一步, 将整个空间区分为保护区域、 过渡区域和抑制区域, 入射角在 保护区域内 β=0; 入射角在过渡区域内 0<β<1 , 入射角在抑制区域 β=1。
其中把声音信号进行频域变换的步骤进一步包括:
S2011 : 对声音信号进行分帧处理;
S2012: 将分帧处理后的每帧信号进行加窗处理;
S2013: 将加窗后的数据进行 DFT转换到频域。
进一步, 在步骤 S2011中, 对声音信号 进行分帧处理( = 1,2 ) , 每帧 N个采样点,或帧长 10ms ~ 32ms,设第 m帧信号是 (m,《),其中 0≤« < N, 0≤m ; 相邻两帧有 M个采样点的混叠, 每帧有 L=N-M个采样点的新数据; 第 m帧 数据为 (m, n) = (m * L + 。
另一方面, 本发明还提供一种麦克风阵列降噪控制装置, 包括: 麦克风 阵列, 用于采集声音信号; 滤波控制单元, 用于确定麦克风阵列所有声音信 号的入射角度, 并根据入射角度进行信号成分的统计, 然后根据信号成分的 统计结果对自适应滤、波器进行控制; 自适应滤波器, 用于滤除噪声。
其中, 滤波控制单元包括: DFT单元, 用于把声音信号进行离散傅里叶 变换变换到频域; 信号延时估计单元, 用于计算麦克风阵列信号各个频率子 带的相位差, 并由相位差计算出麦克风阵列信号各频率子带的相对延时; 信 号方向估计单元, 用于根据各频率子带的相对延时计算出麦克风阵列信号的 入射角度; 信号成分统计单元, 用于根据所述入射角度进行目标信号成分的 统计, 区分得到目标信号成分和噪声成分。
进一步, DFT单元包括: 分帧单元; 用于对声音信号进行分帧处理; 加 窗单元, 用于将分帧处理后的每帧信号进行加窗处理; DFT 转换单元, 用于 将加窗后的数据进行 DFT转换到频域。
此外, 优选的, 本发明所提供技术方案中的麦克风阵列全部由全指向麦 克风组成或者由全指向麦克风和单指向麦克风组成或者全部由单指向麦克风 组成。
采取了以上的技术后, 利用麦克风阵列直接得到声音的空间方位信息, 充分利用方位信息更准确控制自适应滤波器的更新滤波, 有效降低噪声同时 很好的保护语音。 另外, 本技术不需要信号的能量信息, 不会对两个麦克风 一致性有严格要求, 也不会受能量变化的影响。 附图说明
通过下面结合附图对其实施例进行描述, 本发明的上述特征和技术优点 将会变得更加清楚和容易理解。
图 1是表示本发明提供的一种实施方案的两个麦克风阵列的位置示意图; 图 2是本发明提供的一种双麦克实施方案的简单原理示意图;
图 3是本发明提供的一种麦克风阵列实施方案的筒单原理示意图; 图 4是本发明提供的一种双麦克时域自适应滤波器降噪实施方案的原理 示意图;
图 5 是本发明提供的一种双麦克频域(子带) 自适应滤波器降噪实施方 案的原理示意图;
图 6a是本发明提供的一种实施方案降噪处理前的带噪语音信号波形图; 图 6b是本发明提供的一种实施方案降噪处理后的语音信号波形图; 图 7是本发明提供的一种两个麦克风阵列的位置示意图;
图 8 是本发明提供的一种适用于双麦克耳机的两个麦克风阵列的位置示 意图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细的描述。 在现有的麦克风降噪处理技术中, 以两个麦克风组成的麦克风阵列为例, 一般是利用两个麦克风采集到的声信号和一个自适应滤波器进行降噪处理, 其中将两个麦克风釆集到的声信号分别作为带噪语音信号 Sl和参考信号 ¾。 首先把参考信号 S2输入到自适应滤波器进行滤波, 输出信号噪声信号 S3, 带 噪语音信号 §1信号减去 s3得到信号 y, 同时 y反馈回自适应滤波器更新滤波 器权值。 当 y能量大时, 自适应滤波器快速更新, 以使得 s3不断接近 Sl , 然 后 Si 和 s3相减得到的 y能量不断变小; 当 时, y能量最小, 自适应滤波 器停止更新, 从而达到用 s281的效果。
当麦克风阵列接收到的 Sl、 s2中只有噪声信号时,通过自适应滤波器可以 把噪声很好的抑制。 但当 Sl、 s2中有语音信号时, 自适应滤波器为了使 s3和 sl抵消后的 y能量最小也会把其中的语音信号抵消掉,从而造成语音的损害。 因此为了保证语音不会被抑制, 本发明提供了一种利用声音入射方向控制自 适应滤波器更新和滤波的方法, 能够使得自适应滤波器在语音出现时不会损 害语音。
图 1是表示本发明提供的一种实施方案的两个麦克风阵列的位置示意图。 如图 1 所示, 在本实施方案中, 麦克风阵列由两个全指向性麦克风 mic— a、 mic_b组成, 麦克风的间距 D=2cm, 使用者在图 1中所示的 -45度与 45度间 的范围内说话。
图 2是本发明提供的双麦克风语音增强控制实施方案的简单原理示意图。 如图 2所示, 两个全指向性麦克风 mic_a、 mic_b分别采集到声信号 Sl、 s2。 需要说明的是, 在本实施方案的进行降噪处理的过程中, 将声音信号 Sl作为 期望语音信号, 将声音信号 s2作为参考信号处理。 首先通过一个滤波控制单 元对声信号 Sl、 s2进行处理得到控制参数 ot; 然后自适应滤波器 H根据控制参 数 α调整更新速度, 并计算出噪声信号 s3; 期望语音信号 Sl减去噪声信号 s3 即得到降噪后的语音信号 y, 同时 y反馈回自适应滤波器更新滤波器权值, 以 使得 y 中噪声的能量最小, 语音能量不变, 从而达到在抑制噪声的同时保护 语音的效果。
图 3 是本发明提供的一种由多个麦克风组成麦克风阵列实施方案的简单 原理示意图。 如图 3所示, n+1个全指向性麦克风 mic_a、 mic_bl mic— bn 组成一个麦克风阵列, 在本实施例的进行降噪处理的过程中, 将麦克风 mic_a 所釆集到得声音信号作为期望语音信号 Sl, 将 mic_bl ...... mic— bn所釆集到得 声音信号作为参考信号处理。
图 3所提供的麦克风阵列实施方案与图 2的双麦克风实施方案不同的是, 麦克风阵列中提供参考信号的麦克风有 n 个 ( mic— b 1...... mic_bn ) , 自适应 滤波器控制模块分别将这 η个麦克风所采集的声音信号与 mic— a所采集的声 音信号进行处理, 得出 n 个控制参数 αι, η 个 (HI ...... Hn ) 自适应滤波器
Hi(i=l ...n)根据控制参数 整更新速度, 并计算 n个出噪声信号, 这 n个噪 声信号累加, 得到最终的噪声信号 S3; 然后从期望语音信号 Sl减去噪声信号 s3即得到降噪后的语音信号 y。 同时 y反馈回自适应滤波器更新滤波器权值, 以使得 y 中噪声的能量最小, 语音能量不变, 从而达到抑制噪声保护语音的 效果。
在上述图 2以及图 3所示的实施方案中, 自适应滤波器均可选用时域自 适应滤波器或者频域自适应滤波器。 下面分别以时域自适应滤波器和频域自 适应滤波器为例来对本发明的降噪实施方案进行详细的说明。
图 4是本发明提供的一种双麦克时域自适应滤波器降噪实施方案的原理 示意图。 如图 4所示, 麦克风阵列由两个全指向性麦克风 mic— a、 mic_b组成; 首先两个麦克风以/ S = HZ的采样频率接收到信号 Sl、 s2, 其中将信号 Sl作为 期望语音信号, 将信号 s2作为参考信号。 然后由滤波控制单元对信号进行处 理, 输出控制参数 α给自适应滤波器。 自适应滤波器根据控制参数 α对其权值 进行约束, 来进行相应速度的更新和滤波, 并输出噪声信号 s3; 将噪声信号 s3与期望语音信号 81中的噪声 4氏消, 就得到最终的降噪语音信号 y。
其中滤波控制单元包括 DFT单元、 信号延时估计单元、 信号方向估计单 元和信号成分统计单元, DFT 单元把两路信号分别进行离散傅里叶变换到频 域; 转换到频域后的信号输入到麦克风信号延时估计单元算出两路信号每个 频率子带的相位差, 然后根据相位差计算出两路信号各频率子带的相对延时; 设置目标语音来自 0度方向, 信号方向估计单元把两路信号各个频率子带的 相对延时换算出它们的入射角度, 根据入射角度就可以区分保护角内的目标 语音成分和保护角外的噪声成分; 信号成分统计单元统计入射角在保护角内 的目标语音信号的成分, 并计算出控制参数 α (0<α<1 ) 。
其中, 保护角外的噪声成分越多, 说明控制参数 α越大, 则自适应滤波器 更新越快; 当接收到的信号全是保护角外的噪声成分时, α=1, 自适应滤波器 在噪声段进行最快更新, 从而抑制噪声信号。
反之,在保护角内的目标信号成分越多, α越小, 自适应滤波器更新越慢; 当信号全是目标语音成分时, α=0, 自适应滤波器约束滤、波器的权值在语音段 停止更新以保护期望语音信号 的语音不会被 4氏消, 从而 4艮好的保护目标 语音不受到损害。
在图 4中, 降噪语音信号 y被反馈回时域自适应滤波器 H, 当 y能量大时, 自适应滤波器快速更新, 以使得 s3不断接近 Sl, 然后 Sl 和 s3相减得到的 y能 量不断变小, 当 s3=Sl时, y能量最小, 自适应滤波器停止更新, 从而达到用 s2抑制 s 效果。
在图 4中, 滤波控制单元的具体处理过程如下:
DFT单元对信号 Sl,s2做离散傅立叶变换:首先对 s,.进行分帧处理( =1,2 ), 每帧 N 个采样点, 或帧长 10ms~32ms, 设第 m 帧信号是 其中 0<n<N, Q<m。 相邻两帧有 M ( M=128 ~ 192 )个采样点的混叠, 即当前帧的 前 M个采样点是前一帧的最后 M个采样点, 每帧只有 L=N-M个采样点的新 数据。 因此第 m帧数据为 ,《) = * + /^)。 本实施方案取帧长 N=256, 即 32ms, 混叠 M=128, 即 50%的混叠。 分帧处理后对每帧信号用窗函数 win(n) 进行加窗处理,加窗后的数据为 («7,«) = ¥^(«)* (》7,«)。窗函数可选择汉明窗, 汉宁窗等窗函数, 本实施
Figure imgf000009_0001
加窗后的数据最后进行 DFT转换到频域 其中 o≤it≤ 是频率子带, G;(» )是幅度, (》 )是相位。 信号延时估计单元: 计算两信号的相对延时
AT(m,k)^ k)-^k)
2 Λ
信号方向估计单元: 根据信号的相对延时 ΔΓ(« )与保护角 ±45°的延时 ΔΓ(±45°)进行比较可知道信号的入射角范围:
≤ΔΓ(^),保护角外
4
AT(m,k)
>ΔΓ( ,保护角内 信号成分统计单元: 根据 ΔΓ(« )统计在保护角内的成分得到自适应滤波 器更新的控制参数 α, α是 0~1之间的数, 由频率成分在保护角内的多少决定。 频率成分在保护角内的个数是 0时, α=1; 频率成分在保护角外的个数为 0时, α=0。
时域自适应滤波器: 在本实施例中, 时域自适应滤波器是一个阶长为 Ρ (Ρ 1 ) 的 FIR 滤波器 (有限长脉冲响应滤波器) , 滤波器的权值是 w = [w(0),w -),---MP-D] ' 本实施例中 P=64。 自适应滤波器输入信号为 s2(n), 滤波输出的信号是 s3(n):
s3(n) = w( )*s2(n) + w(l)*s2(n-l) + ... + w(P-l)*s2(n-P + l)
S3(n)与 S^n)相减得到 4氐消后的信号 y(n): y(n) = Sl(n) - s3(n) ,
y(n)反馈回自适应滤波器进行滤波器权值的更新:
w(rt) = w(n) + μ* y(n)*x(n) , x(n) = [x(n), x(n - 1), ... , x(n -Ρ + ϊ)] , 其更新速度 受参数 α的控制。 当 a=l, 即 Sl(n), s2(n)中全是噪声成分, 自适应滤波器快速收敛, 使得 s3(n)与 Sl(n)相同, 抵消后的 y(n)能量最小, 从 而消除噪声。 当 a=0, 即 81(11), s2(n)中全是目标语音成分, 自适应滤波器停止 更新, 从而自适应滤、波器的输出信号 s3(n)不会收敛到 δι(η), s3(n)与 s^n)不同, 从而相减后的语音成分不会被抵消, 输出 y(n)保留了语音成分。 当 0<α<1时, 即麦克风采集到的信号中同时有语音成分和噪声成分, 这时自适应滤波器更 新速度由语音成分和噪声成分的多少来控制, 以保证消除噪声的同时保留语 音成分。
图 6a和图 6b分别表示本发明提供的上述实施方案降噪处理前、 后的带 噪语音信号和降噪语音信号波形图。 如图 6a、 图 6b所示, 其中目标语音来自 0°方向, 音乐噪声来自 90°, 图 6a是麦克风 mic_a采集到的原始带噪语音信 号 Sl波形, 图 6b是经过本发明降噪处理后的信号 y波形。 可见本发明提供的 利用声音入射角度进行降噪处理的技术方案在消除目标语音中的噪声的同时 ί艮好的保护了目标语音, 具有艮好的降噪效果。
另外, 上述实施方案中, 把整个信号采集空间分为了保护区域和抑制区 域两个区域, 进一步也可增加过渡区域, 得到参数 β ( 0 < β < 1 ) , 信号入射 角在保护区域内 β=0, 在过渡区域内 0<β<1, 越接近抑制区域 β越大, 在抑制 区域内 β=1。 β*α是作为自适应滤波器的控制参数。 这样能够使自适应滤波器 的控制参数更为精确, 从而增强语音的降噪效果。
本实施方案是利用控制参数 α控制时域自适应滤波器进行降噪,但不限于 时域自适应滤波器,也可利用控制参数 α控制频域(子带)自适应滤波器降噪。 时域与频域的区别在于: 时域的信号成分统计单元通过统计目标信号的多少 或比例来得到一个控制参数 α; 频域的信号成分统计单元通过统计每个频率子 带的入射角度得到 Ν个频率子带的控制参数 α。
图 5 是本发明提供的一种双麦克频域(子带) 自适应滤波器降噪实施方 案的原理示意图,如图 5所示, DFT单元把两个全指向性麦克风 mic_a、 mic_b 将采集到的信号 s2变换到频域, 转换到频域后的信号输入到麦克风信号延 时估计单元算出两路信号每个频率子带的相对延时; 信号方向估计单元把每 个频率子带信号的相对延时换算成每个频率子带信号的入射角度; 信号成分 统计单元统计每个频率子带的入射角度在保护角内的位置, 并计算出相应的 控制参数 α ,. (
Figure imgf000011_0001
表示频率子带) 。 频域(子带) 自适应滤波器 4艮据分频率子带的特点在信号成分统计后对 每个频率子带分别进行更新控制。 每个频率子带的入射角度换算为自适应滤 波器的控制参数 α, ( 表示频率子带) , 入射角度越大, 说明该频率子带的语 音越偏离 0度方向的目标语音, 则 α,·就越大, 该频率子带的更新速度越快。 第 i '个频率子带入射角度在保护角内 0度方向时 αΗ),该子带自适应滤波器不 更新, 保护该子带的目标语音成分; 第 i '个频率子带入射角度在保护角外时最 偏离 0度方向的目标语音, α,=1 , 该子带自适应滤波器最快更新, 抑制该子带 的噪声成分。
通过控制频域(子带) 自适应滤波器降噪, 可进一步得到每个频率子带 的控制参数 并独立控制频率自适应滤波器每个频率子带的更新, 其降噪效 果更加突出。
同样, 在本实施方式中, 也可以进一步增加了过渡区域, 得到参数 β ( 0 < β < 1 ) , 生成新的控制参数 α,*β。 信号入射角在保护区域内 β=0, 在过渡区 域内 0<β<1 , 越接近抑制区域 β越大, 在抑制区域内 β=1。 将 α,·*β作为自适应 滤波器的控制参数, 这样同样能够使自适应滤波器的控制参数更为精确, 从 而增强语音的降噪效果。
更进一步, 增加过渡区域, 计算出每个频率子带的参数 β, ( 0 < β, < 1 ) , 入射角在保护区域内 β,. =0, 在过渡区域内 0<β,· <1, 越接近抑制区域 β,越大, 在抑制区域内 β,. =1。 生成新的控制参数 α,·*β,·, 并将 α,·*β作为自适应滤波器的 控制参数信号。 这样使自适应滤波器的控制参数的精确度得到进一步, 从而 使语音的降噪效果得到进一步增强。
上述实施方案选取的保护范围是 -45° ~ 45°, 但在实际中可根据用户的实 际位置与需求做调整。 两麦克风与用户的相对位置也不限于图 1所示的位置, 可以是任意位置, 只要麦克风与人嘴或目标声源之间没有障碍物阻挡声信号 传播即可, 如图 7所示的两个麦克风阵列的位置、 图 8所示的适用于双麦克 耳机的两个麦克风阵列的位置。 此外, 需要说明的是, 由于本技术方案的降噪处理过程中不需要信号的 能量信息, 因此不会对两个麦克风一致性有严格要求; 也不会受声音信号能 量变化的影响, 对麦克风的指向性也没有严格要求。 故较之于现有的麦克风 降噪技术, 本发明在实施过程中也更加易于实现。 虽然在本发明提供的上述 实施方案中, 均采用全指向麦克风组成麦克风阵列, 但也可以选用全指向麦 克风和单指向麦克风组成麦克风阵列, 或者全部采用单指向麦克风组成麦克 风阵列。 在本发明的上述教导下, 本领域技术人 可以在上述实施例的基础上进 行各种改进和变形, 而这些改进和变形, 都落在本发明的保护范围内, 本领 域技术人员应该明白, 上述的具体描述只是更好的解释本发明的目的, 本发 明的保护范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种麦克风阵列降噪控制方法, 其特征在于, 包括如下步骤:
S1 : 麦克风阵列采集声音信号;
S2: 确定麦克风阵列所有声音信号的入射角度;
S3: 根据入射角度进行信号成分的统计;
S4: 根据统计结果对自适应滤波器进行控制。
2、 按照权利要求 1所述的麦克风阵列降噪控制方法, 其特征在于, 所述 确定声音的入射角度的步骤包括:
S201 : 把声音信号进行频域变换, 或进行子带变换;
S202: 计算出麦克风阵列信号各个频率子带的相位差, 并由相位差计算 出麦克风阵列信号各频率子带的相对延时;
S203: 根据各频率子带的相对延时计算出麦克风阵列信号的入射角度。
3、 按照权利要求 1或 2所述的麦克风阵列降噪控制方法, 其特征在于, 在步骤 S4中, 具体的,
在只有噪声时, 自适应滤波器快速更新; 在存在目标信号时, 自适应滤 波器緩 更新。
4、 按照权利要求 3所述的麦克风阵列降噪控制方法, 其特征在于, 利用控制参数 α来控制自适应滤波器的更新速度, 其中, α的值由统计结 果中噪声成分所占的比率确定;
α越小, 自适应滤波器更新越慢; α为 0时,声音信号全部为目标语音信号, 自适应滤波器不更新; 反之, α为 1时, 声音信号全部为噪声信号, 自适应滤 波器以最快速度更新。
5、 按照权利要求 4所述的麦克风阵列降噪控制方法, 其特征在于, 在步 骤 S2之后, 进一步包括:
设置一角度过渡范围, 根据目标语音信号的多少将整个空间区分为若干 区域, 根据所述入射角度所在的区域计算出参数 β , 并将 β*α是作为自适应滤 波器的控制参数。
6、 按照权利要求 5所述的麦克风阵列降噪控制方法, 其特征在于, 将整个空间区分为保护区域、 过渡区域和抑制区域, 入射角在保护区域 内 β=0; 入射角在过渡区域内 0<β<1 , 入射角在抑制区域 β=1。
7、 按照权利要求 2所述的麦克风阵列降噪控制方法, 其特征在于, 所述 把声音信号进行频域变换的步骤进一步包括:
S2011 : 对声音信号进行分帧处理;
S2012: 将分帧处理后的每帧信号进行加窗处理;
S2013: 将加窗后的数据进行 DFT转换到频域。
8、 按照权利要求 7所述的麦克风阵列降噪控制方法, 其特征在于, 在步 骤 S2011中,
对声音信号 s,.进行分帧处理( ζ· = 1, 2 ) , 每帧 Ν个采样点, 或帧长 10ms ~ 32ms, 设第 m帧信号是 d; (m,/i),其中 0≤w < N, 0≤m ; 相邻两帧有 M个采样点 的混叠, 每帧有 L=N-M个采样点的新数据;
第 m帧数据为
9、 按照权利要求 8所述的麦克风阵列降噪控制方法, 其特征在于, 取 N=256, 混叠 M=128 ~ 192。
10、 一种麦克风阵列降噪控制装置, 包括:
麦克风阵列, 用于采集声音信号;
滤波控制单元, 用于确定麦克风阵列所有声音信号的入射角度, 并根据 入射角度进行信号成分的统计, 然后根据信号成分的统计结果对自适应滤波 器进行控制;
自适应滤波器, 用于滤除噪声。
11、 按照权利要求 10所述的麦克风阵列降噪控制装置, 其特征在于, 所 述滤波控制单元包括:
DFT单元, 用于把声音信号进行离散傅里叶变换变换到频域;
信号延时估计单元, 用于计算麦克风阵列信号各个频率子带的相位差, 并由相位差计算出麦克风阵列信号各频率子带的相对延时;
信号方向估计单元, 用于根据各频率子带的相对延时计算出麦克风阵列 信号的入射角度;
信号成分统计单元, 用于根据所述入射角度进行目标信号成分的统计, 区分得到目标信号成分和噪声成分。
12、 按照权利要求 11所述的麦克风阵列降噪控制装置, 其特征在于, 所 述 DFT单元包括:
分帧单元; 用于对声音信号进行分帧处理;
加窗单元, 用于将分帧处理后的每帧信号进行加窗处理;
DFT转换单元, 用于将加窗后的数据进行 DFT转换到频域。
13、 按照权利要求 10至 13 中任一项所述的麦克风阵列降噪控制装置, 其特征在于, 所述麦克风阵列全部由全指向麦克风组成或者由全指向麦克风 和单指向麦克风组成或者全部由单指向麦克风组成。
PCT/CN2010/079814 2009-12-28 2010-12-15 一种使用麦克风阵列的降噪控制方法和装置 Ceased WO2011079716A1 (zh)

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