WO2011069818A1 - Convertisseur piézoélectrique d'énergie avec protection contre la surcharge - Google Patents

Convertisseur piézoélectrique d'énergie avec protection contre la surcharge Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011069818A1
WO2011069818A1 PCT/EP2010/067988 EP2010067988W WO2011069818A1 WO 2011069818 A1 WO2011069818 A1 WO 2011069818A1 EP 2010067988 W EP2010067988 W EP 2010067988W WO 2011069818 A1 WO2011069818 A1 WO 2011069818A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piezoelectric
piezoelectric element
energy
mechanical
energy converter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/067988
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Frey
Ingo KÜHNE
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2011069818A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011069818A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/30—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with mechanical input and electrical output, e.g. functioning as generators or sensors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a piezoelectric energy converter for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy using a piezoelectric energy converter.
  • piezoelectric energy converters are known which are based almost exclusively on electro-mechanically coupled spring-mass systems.
  • Spring-mass systems have the disadvantage that they work efficiently only in their Reso ⁇ nanzfrequenz. They are therefore only conditionally suitable for broadband suggestions. Furthermore, theirs
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a piezoelectric energy converter, which does not have the nachfeile of spring-mass systems.
  • a piezoelectric energy converter for converting mechanical energy into electrical see energy by the action of mechanical energy in the form of variable mechanical pressure on a piezoelectric element, so that there is a deformation of the piezoelectric element in a defined spatial direction and this deformation leads to a defined mechanical compressive stress of the piezoelectric element, wherein
  • the piezoelectric element in such a manner in a housing inserted is ⁇ superimposed, that a deformation of the piezoelectric element substantially is possible only in a defined spatial direction, and takes place the deformation of the piezoelectric element by the action of kinetic energy to the piezoelectric element.
  • the type of energy conversion from mechanical energy to electrical energy can be used anywhere where kinetic energy is present, which can be applied as a mechanical pressure on a piezoelectric element. Due to the mechanical pressure, the piezoelectric element undergoes a mechanical deformation. The piezoelectric effect generates a charge separation between the electrodes. This charge flow is then externally available as electrical energy.
  • Such situati ⁇ ones can be found for example in industrial automation, for example during bending or extension of robotic arms or during the deflection of conveyor belts.
  • These already existing kinetic energies which are also present in defined and known directions of movement, can be "harvested" for the energy converter according to the invention, thus supplying the energy converter with kinetic mechanical energy which provides an already existing infrastructure.
  • the piezoelectric element consists of at least one piezoelectric layer and electrode layers.
  • the Elect ⁇ clear layers can be made of various metals or metal alloys. Examples of the electrode material are platinum, titanium and a platinum / titanium alloy. Also conceivable are non-metallic, electrically conductive materials.
  • the piezoelectric layer can just ⁇ if consist of different materials. Examples include piezoelectric ceramic materials such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminum nitride
  • PVDF polyvinylidene difluoride
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Electrode layers can be applied to an optional carrier layer. This increases the stability of the piezoelekt ⁇ step element.
  • a first advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the housing consists of a first and a second housing part, which are joined together by connecting elements, wherein at least one housing part has a ne recess for receiving the piezoelectric element. Due to the configuration of the housing into two parts, the assembled result in the housing, can be the Ener ⁇ giewandler prepared very easily (for example by screwing or Plug-in technology). By a suitable recess for receiving the piezoelectric element, the deformation direction of the element can be determined. This increases the robustness of the transducer against mechanical influences.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the housing has means for electrical Anorialie- tion of the piezoelectric element. Due to the electrical AnAuthierung the recovered electrical energy to consumers (eg sensors, actuators) dissipated.
  • the action of the kinetic energy on the piezoelectric element is effected by a punch movement, wherein a defined travel of the punch is transmitted directly to the piezoelectric element.
  • a defined and controllable mechanical compressive stress is generated on the piezoelectric element. Via the piezoelectric effect, this mechanical compression stress leads to a elekt ⁇ step charge separation between the electrodes.
  • electrical pressure contacts and external electrical wiring of these pressure contacts the electrical energy generated can be used directly.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the travel of the punch is limited by suitable design of the punch so that a maximum zuläs ⁇ sige compressive stress of the piezoelectric element can not be exceeded. This ensures that a ma ⁇ ximal permissible compressive stress of the piezoelectric element can not be exceeded.
  • the stability of the housing ensures that an undesired deformation occurs. is prevented. Furthermore, mechanical tensile stresses are avoided.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the punch acts on a narrow end face of the plate.
  • a maximum deformation of the piezoelectric element is achieved at the lowest external force and thus achieves a maximum electrical power output.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that a plurality of piezoelectric energy converters are connected behind ⁇ each other. Thereby, the amount of energy produced magnification ⁇ ßert with constant mechanical compressive stress. It can be supplied therefore systems need the big ⁇ ßere amounts of energy. Furthermore, this allows the power generation system to be scaled with respect to the required energy.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the piezoelectric element has a multi-layer structure with MEMS layers (ie in Micro Electro Mechanical Systems - technology). With this technology, a piezoelectric energy converter with very small lateral dimensions is accessible. In addition, very thin layers can be formed. For example, the layer thicknesses of the electrode layers are 0.1 .mu.m to 0.5 .mu.m. The piezoelectric layer is a few ym thick, for example 1 ym to 10 ym. The piezoelectric element is designed as a thin pie ⁇ zoelektharide.
  • a carrier layer for example a carrier ⁇ layer of silicon, polysilicon, silicon dioxide (Si0 2 ) or silicon nitride (S13N 4 ).
  • a layer thickness of the carrier layer is selected from the range of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • a commercially available bulk material eg produced by means of green film technology with thicknesses in the range of a few hundred ym can be used.
  • the piezoelectric element has a layer sequence of electrode layer, piezoelectric layer and further electrode layer.
  • Several such layer sequences can thereby be stacked so that a multi-layer construction with ⁇ stacked, alternately arrange ⁇ th electrode layers and piezoelectric layers results.
  • the piezoelectric element In the generation of the piezoelectric element by means of MEMS technology, it is about corresponding lateral Buchang. Pressure stress in and between the individual layers possible to make the layer stack so that it curves under pressure in a definable (ie determinable) direction.
  • the MEMS technology enables to produce the piezo-electric element ⁇ and thus also the power converter in mi ⁇ niaturinstrumenter construction. This increases that
  • the object is further achieved by a method for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy using a piezoelectric energy converter by turning on a work by the mechanical energy caused, changed ⁇ derbaren mechanical pressure on a piezoelectric Ele ⁇ ment, so that there is a deformation the piezoelectric element comes in a defined spatial direction and this deformation leads to a defined mechanical compressive stress of the piezoelectric element.
  • this method no seismic mass is required, as in a spring-mass system for the conversion of mechanical energy in electrical energy is used. The known disadvantages of spring-mass systems thus do not occur.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of a first embodiment of the direct-mechanical piezoelectric energy converter according to the invention
  • FIG 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a piezoelectric element.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of a first exemplary embodiment of the direct-mechanical piezoelectric energy converter EW according to the invention.
  • the energy converter EW according to the invention represents a substitute for a battery-powered power supply and is a reliable device or method of mechanical electrical energy conversion based on the utilization of a defined dynamic deflection, as occurs in many environments. Such environmental conditions are, for example in the automotive industry, but also to be found in the Industrieautomatisie ⁇ tion. In the automotive industry, for example, in a moving vehicle, dynamic deflections in the tire gum are a constant occurrence. In stationary vehicles mechanical-dynamic deflections occur, for example at door movements (Publ ⁇ NEN or closing a vehicle door).
  • the piezoelectric energy converter EW invention be ⁇ does not rest on a spring-mass system and thus bypassing the otherwise expected characteristic disadvantage.
  • the piezoelectric energy converter EW according to the invention is able to convert a defined, temporally dynamic travel path from the environment to electrical energy directly by mechanical means.
  • the piezoelectric element PE is so simple mechanically ⁇ sammenge salt.
  • the converter thus essentially consists of a piezoelectric element PE whose two surfaces are metallised. These two surfaces constitute the necessary electrodes in ⁇ .
  • the active transducer element PE is built into a rigid housing G, although it is stored in bulk, but allows only a deformation in a defined spatial direction. In all spatial directions, the allowable deformation of the piezoelectric element PE by the housing G is ideally reduced to a minimum of zero.
  • the housing G must in addition to the mechanical functionality also a have electrical functionality for electrical Antitle ist of the two electrodes.
  • the housing bottom GT2 and the housing cover GT1 are rigidly connected to one another via connecting elements (eg screwed connections, plug connections or rivets).
  • the recess which receives the piezoelectric element PE is so pronounced in the housing G that a deformation of the element PE is permitted only in a defined spatial direction.
  • an opening in the housing is provided, through which the action of kinetic energy can take place on the piezoelectric element PE.
  • FIG 2 shows a second embodiment of the Invention ⁇ proper direct-mechanical piezoelectric energy converter EW.
  • the housing bottom and the housing cover are rigidly connected by screw VE to a housing G. Due to the rigid and robust construction of the housing G (eg hard plastic), the overload protection for the direct-mechanical piezoelectric energy converter EW is ensured. Via a suitable rigid stamp ST (eg insulated metal pin), the defined travel SW can be transferred directly to the piezo element PE.
  • the piezo element PE is not directly visible, because in Figure 2, the housing G is closed. The piezo element PE is located in a recess AS in the housing G.
  • the punch ST and the defined travel SW can act directly on the piezo element PE, which is located in the recess AS. This action leads to a deformation of the piezoelectric element and to a defined mechanical compressive stress. Via the piezoelectric effect, this mechanical compressive stress leads to an electrical charge separation between the two electrodes. Via the electrical pressure contacts EK3 (the second electrical pressure contact is not visible in the figure, as it is mounted on the back of the housing) and in the case of external electrical wiring, part of the generated electrical energy can be used directly (eg for the supply of sensors or actuators).
  • the adjusting travel SW is introduced onto the "small" (narrow) end face of the piezo element PE, since maximum deformation and thus maximum electrical power output are achieved with the lowest external force
  • the housing G ensures that an undesired deformation is virtually prevented, Furthermore, this arrangement ensures that no mechanical tensile stresses can occur for ceramic piezoelectrics are in any case be avoided.
  • ⁇ modern energy converter EW defined Ranges SW existing through anyway mechanical deformations are ent ⁇ thus quasi harvested and harnessed by electromechanical energy conversion for autonomous systems. Dynamic deflections as many Environments happen to be implemented by means of a punch movement in a defined travel and mechanically ⁇ coupled directly to the piezoelectric element or is applied (that is, an influence caused).
  • Non-permanent electrical contact enables the flexible replacement of the piezo element (for example in the case of mechanical defects).
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a piezoelectric element PE.
  • the example of Figure 3 shows the piezo element PE as a multilayer rectangular or substantially rectangular plate.
  • the piezo element PE can in principle also take other forms (e.g., circle).
  • the piezoelectric element PE has a layer sequence of electrode layer ESI, piezoelectric layer PES and white ⁇ more excellent electrode layer ES2. May be stacked follow a plurality of such layer ⁇ thereby, so that a multilayer structure having stacked, alternately arranged electrode layers ESI, ES2 and see piezoelectric layers resulting PES.
  • the electrode material of the electrode layers ESI, ES2 may consist of various metals or metal alloys. Examples of the electrode material are platinum, titanium and a platinum / titanium alloy. Also conceivable are non-metallic, electrically conductive materials.
  • the piezoelectric layer PES may also be made under ⁇ Kunststofflichsten materials.
  • Examples include piezoelectric ceramic materials such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminum nitride (A1N).
  • Piezo ⁇ electrical organic materials such as polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are also conceivable.
  • a carrier layer TS may be present.
  • the Trä ⁇ carrier layer TS increases the stability of the piezoelectric element PE.
  • the MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology is particularly suitable for realizing the piezoelectric element PE.
  • very thin layers can be formed.
  • the layer thicknesses of the electrode layers ESI, ES2 are 0.1 .mu.m to 0.5 .mu.m.
  • the piezoelectric layer PES is a few ym thick, for example 1 ym to 10 ym.
  • the piezoelectric element is designed as a thin piezoelectric plate.
  • the pie ⁇ zoelektharide PE has a very small Mas ⁇ se.
  • ES may be provided a support layer TS, for example, a support layer TS of silicon, polysilicon, silicon dioxide ⁇ (SiO 2) or silicon nitride (S13N 4 ).
  • a bridge of the backing layer Schichtdi ⁇ TS is in the range of 1 ym to 100 ym selected.
  • a miniaturized trained Energywand ⁇ ler EW increases the range of possible applications and applications, especially in decentralized applications that require a self-sufficient and most maintenance-free Energyver ⁇ supply.
  • a commercially available bulk material eg produced by means of green film technology with thicknesses in the range of a few hundred ym can be used.
  • Overload-protected direct-mechanical piezoelectric energy converter for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy by the action of mechanical energy in the form of variable mechanical pressure on a piezoelectric element, so that there is a deformation of the pie ⁇ zoelektrischen element in a defined spatial direction and this deformation leads to a defined mechanical compressive stress of the piezoelectric element, wherein the piezoelectric element is stored in such a manner in a housing, that a deformation of the piezoelectric Ele ⁇ Mentes only in a defined spatial direction is possible, and wherein the deformation of the piezoelectric element by the action of kinetic energy on the piezoelectric element takes place.

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  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un convertisseur piézoélectrique d'énergie mécanique directe (EW) avec protection contre la surcharge, destiné à convertir de l'énergie mécanique en énergie électrique sous l'effet d'une énergie mécanique produite sous la forme d'une pression mécanique variable sur un élément piézoélectrique (PE), si bien qu'il se produit une déformation de l'élément piézoélectrique dans une direction définie de l'espace et que cette déformation conduit à une contrainte de pression mécanique définie de l'élément piézoélectrique. L'élément piézoélectrique est monté dans un boîtier (G) de telle sorte qu'une déformation de l'élément piézoélectrique n'est possible que dans une direction définie de l'espace et la déformation de l'élément piézoélectrique (PE) se produit sous l'effet d'une énergie cinétique sur l'élément piézoélectrique (PE).
PCT/EP2010/067988 2009-12-07 2010-11-23 Convertisseur piézoélectrique d'énergie avec protection contre la surcharge WO2011069818A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009057280 2009-12-07
DE102009057280.5 2009-12-07
DE102010019739A DE102010019739A1 (de) 2009-12-07 2010-05-07 Überlastgeschützter piezoelektrischer Energiewandler
DE102010019739.4 2010-05-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011069818A1 true WO2011069818A1 (fr) 2011-06-16

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104283460A (zh) * 2014-10-11 2015-01-14 北京工业大学 高效率多方向振动能量采集装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3651353A (en) * 1969-10-13 1972-03-21 Sundstrand Data Control Piezoelectric pressure transducer with acceleration compensation
US5934882A (en) * 1994-11-14 1999-08-10 Hughes Electronics Corporation Electrical generator system having a tuned resonant oscillating mass
JP2002262584A (ja) * 2001-03-01 2002-09-13 Leben Co Ltd 圧電素子を用いた発電機、および水力、風力を用いた発電機
EP1317056A2 (fr) * 2001-11-12 2003-06-04 USC Corporation Générateur oscillatoire
US20090229142A1 (en) * 2008-03-13 2009-09-17 Rastegar Jahangir S Piezoelectric-based toe-heaters for frostbite protection

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3651353A (en) * 1969-10-13 1972-03-21 Sundstrand Data Control Piezoelectric pressure transducer with acceleration compensation
US5934882A (en) * 1994-11-14 1999-08-10 Hughes Electronics Corporation Electrical generator system having a tuned resonant oscillating mass
JP2002262584A (ja) * 2001-03-01 2002-09-13 Leben Co Ltd 圧電素子を用いた発電機、および水力、風力を用いた発電機
EP1317056A2 (fr) * 2001-11-12 2003-06-04 USC Corporation Générateur oscillatoire
US20090229142A1 (en) * 2008-03-13 2009-09-17 Rastegar Jahangir S Piezoelectric-based toe-heaters for frostbite protection

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104283460A (zh) * 2014-10-11 2015-01-14 北京工业大学 高效率多方向振动能量采集装置

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Publication number Publication date
DE102010019739A1 (de) 2011-06-09

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