WO2011069396A1 - 光学发动机 - Google Patents

光学发动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011069396A1
WO2011069396A1 PCT/CN2010/078236 CN2010078236W WO2011069396A1 WO 2011069396 A1 WO2011069396 A1 WO 2011069396A1 CN 2010078236 W CN2010078236 W CN 2010078236W WO 2011069396 A1 WO2011069396 A1 WO 2011069396A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piston
cylinder
quartz glass
transparent quartz
window
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2010/078236
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
霍英贤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wuhu Power Technology Research Co Ltd
Chery Automobile Co Ltd
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Wuhu Power Technology Research Co Ltd
Chery Automobile Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2011069396A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011069396A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/18—Other cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/004—Cylinder liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an engine, and more particularly to an optical engine. Background technique
  • optical engines have become one of the directions for the development of engines.
  • the optical engine combustion system uses visualization, combined with advanced technologies such as lasers and high-speed cameras to detect in-cylinder sprays, flow fields, and combustion processes, providing excellent conditions for combustion research.
  • the world's major automotive and engine research institutes such as Austrian AVL, FEV, and some combustion research institutes have established optical engine research platforms.
  • the optical engine platform has become an important support for the development of engines, especially in-cylinder direct injection engines.
  • the optical engine mainly adopts a transparent window on the top of the piston, or a part of the cylinder liner is transparent, and combines various advanced technologies such as a laser and a high-speed camera to study the flow field, the spray, and the flame forming process in the cylinder.
  • a transparent window on the top of the piston or a part of the cylinder liner is transparent, and combines various advanced technologies such as a laser and a high-speed camera to study the flow field, the spray, and the flame forming process in the cylinder.
  • the scheme of the transparent piston used in the prior art is limited in observation, and the condition under some working conditions is not comprehensively observed; and the movement is not smooth and easily causes damage. Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an optical engine which can conveniently and comprehensively observe various conditions in the cylinder and make the movement of the engine smooth and less likely to cause damage.
  • the present invention provides an optical engine including a cylinder head, a original cylinder sleeve and a piston.
  • a transparent quartz glass cylinder sleeve is installed between the cylinder head and the original cylinder sleeve, and the piston is an extended piston.
  • the elongated piston has a round window at the top, and a transparent quartz glass is installed in the circular window.
  • the length of the transparent quartz glass cylinder liner is greater than the stroke of the optical engine, and the piston ring of the piston moves only within the translucent quartz glass cylinder liner.
  • the length of the transparent quartz glass cylinder sleeve is greater than the sum of the engine stroke and the distance from the lowermost ring of the piston to the top surface of the piston, and the bolt between the engine block, the original cylinder sleeve, the cylinder head and the transparent quartz glass cylinder sleeve Fixed connection.
  • the side of the elongated piston is open with a window having a height greater than the stroke of the optical engine.
  • the height of the window opened by the side is greater than the stroke of the engine, which is used to place the mirror.
  • the extension of the piston is made of an aluminum alloy, and the extension of the piston is bolted to the top of the window with a transparent quartz glass.
  • the mirror is fixed to one end of a bracket which is obliquely placed through the bracket at a 45 degree angle into a side window of the elongated piston, the other end of which is fixed to the upper surface of the engine block.
  • the inner diameter of the transparent quartz glass cylinder sleeve is equal to the cylinder bore diameter of the engine cylinder sleeve, and further includes a coaxial sleeve mounted on the engine block body for ensuring coaxiality between the transparent quartz glass cylinder liner and the engine original cylinder liner degree.
  • the coaxial sleeve is provided with a window, and the mirror fixed on the bracket extends through the window into the side window of the piston, and a laser is mounted on one side of the transparent quartz glass cylinder sleeve, and the emitted light is irradiated through the transparent quartz glass cylinder sleeve Into the tank.
  • the piston ring is made of graphite for lubrication between the piston ring and the cylinder liner, while preventing the piston ring from scratching the transparent quartz glass cylinder liner.
  • the optical engine of the present invention maintains most of the original engine cylinder head, cylinder block, crankcase system, connecting rod and the like.
  • a transparent quartz glass cylinder sleeve and a coaxial sleeve are added between the cylinder block and the cylinder head.
  • the transparent cylinder sleeve and the coaxial sleeve cause an increase in the distance between the cylinder heads of the cylinder block.
  • the piston is replenished by lengthening the piston, and the top of the piston is provided with a transparent window. There is a window with a mirror mounted, and the inside of the cylinder is studied through a transparent cylinder liner and a transparent window at the top of the piston.
  • This multi-cylinder prototype modified optical engine is suitable for small cylinder machines. It is mainly used to study the flow field, spray and mixture formation in different directions in the engine cylinder, but does not do in-cylinder combustion research to optimize the engine.
  • the intake port, the gas distribution mechanism, the combustion chamber, etc. provide reference and provide reference for engine simulation calculation. details as follows:
  • the piston ring is made of graphite to prevent the piston ring from scratching the quartz glass cylinder liner.
  • Lubrication and better heat transfer coefficient ensure lubrication between the piston ring and the transparent cylinder liner, and at the same time reduce the temperature rise caused by friction of the transparent cylinder sleeve; the length of the transparent cylinder sleeve is greater than the engine stroke, ensuring that the piston ring is only in the transparent cylinder In-set movement, avoiding the adverse effects of the movement of the piston ring in cylinder liners of different materials; retaining the water jacket of the prototype, and adding the circulating hot water to make the temperature inside the cylinder close to the actual operating temperature of the engine; The consistency of the parameters of the optical engine combustion system and the actual engine combustion system parameters is preserved, and the feasibility and reference value of the test results are improved.
  • the coaxial sleeve is designed to ensure the coaxiality
  • Figure 1 is a general view of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of an elongated piston
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the coaxial sleeve.
  • the original engine cylinder head, the cylinder block, the crankcase system, and the connecting rod are unchanged, the piston is lengthened, and the head of the extended piston 2 is provided with a transparent quartz glass window 11, and the side of the elongated piston is opened with a window.
  • the length of the elongated piston side window 12 is greater than the stroke of the engine (to avoid the piston hitting the mirror in the up and down movement), the extension piston side window 12 is provided with a mirror 5, and the cylinder assembly 7 is added between the cylinder head assembly 1 and the cylinder head assembly 1
  • the transparent quartz glass cylinder liner 3 can detect the flow field, the spray and the formation of the mixed gas in the cylinder by lengthening the mirror 5 at the lower part of the piston 2 and the transparent quartz glass cylinder sleeve 3; the inner diameter of the transparent quartz glass cylinder liner 3 and the engine
  • the inner diameter of the cylinder liner is equal, and the length of the transparent quartz glass cylinder sleeve 3 is greater than the engine stroke, which ensures that the entire stroke of the piston ring runs in the cylinder liner; the connecting rod adopts the original connecting rod, and the cylinder is caused by the quartz glass cylinder sleeve 3 and the coaxial sleeve 4.
  • the increase in the distance between the cylinder heads is supplement
  • a preferred embodiment may be a retrofit of a modified multi-cylinder prototype optical engine
  • the piston is lengthened by the prototype connecting rod, and the upper part of the extended piston 2 is provided with a transparent quartz glass window 11.
  • the upper and lower parts of the elongated piston 2 are connected by bolts, so that the top part of the piston and the transparent quartz glass window 11 are easy to assemble and disassemble, the piston
  • the elongated portion 9 is provided with an elongated piston side window 12 for placing the mirror 5 on the side.
  • the piston extension portion 9 is made of aluminum alloy material to reduce the overall piston quality ( Figure 2).
  • a transparent quartz glass cylinder sleeve 3 is arranged between the cylinder head and the original cylinder sleeve, and a coaxial sleeve 4 is arranged between the transparent quartz glass cylinder sleeve 3 and the original cylinder sleeve to ensure the coaxiality of the original cylinder sleeve and the transparent quartz glass cylinder liner 3.
  • the coaxial sleeve 4 is provided with a coaxial sleeve side window 13 (Fig. 3) on which the mirror 5 is mounted.
  • the laser can be mounted on the side of the transparent quartz glass cylinder liner 3, and is irradiated into the cylinder through the transparent quartz glass cylinder liner 3.
  • the mirror 5 is fixed on the mirror holder 6, and extends through the coaxial sleeve side window 13 on the coaxial sleeve 4 into the elongated piston side window 12, and is observable through the mirror 5 and the transparent quartz glass window 11 of the elongated piston top 8. Into the cylinder airflow, spray and mixture formation.
  • the piston ring is made of graphite, which ensures that the transparent quartz glass cylinder liner 3 is not scratched, and the graphite has self-lubricating effect and good heat transfer coefficient, and the graphite piston ring 10 is ensured. Lubrication between the transparent quartz glass cylinder liner 3 and the reduction of the temperature rise caused by the friction of the transparent quartz glass cylinder liner 3 is of certain significance.
  • the optical engine maintains the original engine cylinder head, cylinder block, crankcase system, connecting rod and other components in the process of reforming the multi-cylinder prototype.
  • the piston is lengthened, and transparent quartz glass is added between the cylinder block and the cylinder head. Cylinder liner 3, and bolted to the connection. (Fig. 1) Further, the respective members may be preferably:
  • the inner diameter of the transparent quartz glass cylinder liner 3 is equal to the engine bore diameter.
  • the length of the transparent quartz glass cylinder liner 3 is greater than the sum of the engine stroke and the distance from the lowermost piston ring to the top surface of the piston, ensuring that the piston ring is only in the transparent quartz glass cylinder liner 3 Exercise, avoiding the adverse effects of piston rings moving in cylinder liners of different materials.
  • the increase in the distance between the cylinder and the cylinder head is supplemented by lengthening the piston 2.
  • the upper end of the elongated piston 2 is provided with a transparent quartz glass window 11, and the side is provided with an elongated piston side window 12 on which the mirror 5 is mounted.
  • the height of the elongated piston side window 12 is greater than the stroke of the engine, so as to avoid the extension piston 2 hitting the reflection in the up and down movement.
  • Mirror 5. (as shown in Figure 2)
  • the coaxiality of the transparent quartz glass cylinder sleeve 3 and the original cylinder sleeve is ensured by the coaxial sleeve 4.
  • the coaxial sleeve 4 needs to be installed on the cylinder body and processed together with the cylinder block.
  • the machining accuracy is not lower than the machining accuracy of the inner surface of the cylinder liner.
  • the coaxial sleeve 4 has a coaxial sleeve side window 13 for placing the mirror 5 with the elongated piston 2 . ( Figure 3)
  • the mirror 5 is fixed to one end of the mirror holder 6 and obliquely passed through the mirror holder 6 at an angle of 45 degrees into the elongated piston side window 12, and the other end of the mirror holder 6 is fixed to the upper surface of the cylinder.
  • the cylinder head is lubricated through the external pipeline, one end of the pipeline to the original main oil passage of the cylinder block, and the other end is connected to the original main oil passage of the cylinder head.
  • the oil return of the cylinder head is also through the external pipeline.
  • One end of the pipeline is connected to the oil return hole of the cylinder head, and one end is connected to the oil return hole of the cylinder.
  • the lubrication of the crankshaft and connecting rod is still lubricated by the original lubricating oil passage of the cylinder.
  • the lubrication between the piston ring and the cylinder liner is mainly dependent on the self-lubrication of the graphite piston ring.
  • the friction heat of the cylinder head system is mainly cooled by the lubrication system, and the crankshaft linkage mechanism is mainly cooled by the lubrication system.
  • the cooling of the transparent quartz cylinder liner mainly passes through the graphite.
  • the piston ring 10 is transmitted to the piston, and since the actual running time of the engine is short, the heat generated by the friction is very limited.
  • the water channel in the cooling system of the optical engine is mainly used here to warm up, so that the temperature inside the cylinder is close to the actual running of the engine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

光学发动机
技术领域
本发明涉及发动机， 具体涉及一种光学发动机。 背景技术
目前， 使用光学发动机已成为研发发动机的方向之一。 光学发动机燃烧系统采用 可视化， 结合激光、 高速摄像机等先进技术可检测缸内喷雾、 流场以及燃烧过程等情 况， 从而为燃烧研究提供很好的条件。 世界各个大型汽车、 发动机研究机构如奥地利 AVL, FEV, 一些燃烧研究机构等， 都建立了光学发动机研究平台， 光学发动机平台 已成为研发发动机特别是缸内直喷发动机的重要支撑。 现有技术中光学发动机主要采 用活塞顶部安装透明窗口， 或者部分缸套透明， 结合激光器、 高速摄像机等各种先进 技术， 来研究缸内流场、 喷雾以及火焰形成过程等情况。 为发动机研发提供指导， 同 时为现有发动机出现的实际问题提供指导， 并用于现有发动机燃烧系统优化。 而现有 技术中采用的透明活塞的方案， 其观察受限， 对部分工况下的情况观察不全面； 且运 动不平顺易造成损坏。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种光学发动机， 可以方便且全面观察缸内各 种情况， 并且使发动机的运动平顺， 不易造成损坏。
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明提供了一种光学发动机， 包括缸盖， 原缸套以及活 塞， 所述缸盖与原缸套之间安装有一透明石英玻璃缸套， 所述活塞为一加长活塞， 该 加长活塞顶部开有圆窗口， 圆窗口内安装有透明石英玻璃。
所述透明石英玻璃缸套的长度大于光学发动机的冲程， 所述活塞的活塞环仅在透 明石英玻璃缸套内运动。
进一步地， 所述透明石英玻璃缸套的长度大于发动机冲程与活塞最下面一道环到 活塞顶面的距离之和， 发动机缸体、 原缸套、 缸盖以及透明石英玻璃缸套之间均螺栓 固定连接。
所述加长活塞的侧面开有窗口， 该窗口的高度大于光学发动机的冲程。
所述侧面所开的窗口的高度大于发动机的行程， 该窗口用来放置反射镜。 活塞的加长部分采用铝合金材料， 活塞加长部分与装有透明石英玻璃窗口的顶部 之间通过螺栓连接。
所述反射镜固定在一支架的一端，该反射镜以 45度角通过该支架斜放至该加长活 塞的侧面窗口内， 该支架的另一端固定至发动机缸体的上表面。
透明石英玻璃缸套内径和发动机缸套缸径相等， 其中， 还包括一同轴套， 该同轴 套安装在发动机缸体上， 用于确保该透明石英玻璃缸套和发动机原缸套的同轴度。
所述同轴套上开有窗口，固定在支架上的反射镜通过该窗口伸到活塞侧面窗口内， 透明石英玻璃缸套的一侧安装有激光器， 其发射的光通过透明石英玻璃缸套照射到缸 内。
活塞环采用石墨材质， 用于活塞环和缸套之间的润滑， 同时防止活塞环刮伤透明 石英玻璃缸套。
本发明所述的光学发动机保持原有的发动机缸盖、 缸体、 曲轴箱系统、 连杆等大 部分零部件。 缸体、 缸盖之间加入透明石英玻璃缸套和同轴套， 透明缸套与同轴套引 起缸体缸盖间距离的增加， 通过加长活塞进行补充， 活塞顶部装有透明窗口， 侧面开 有安装反射镜的窗口， 通过透明缸套和活塞顶部透明窗口研究缸内情况。
这种多缸原型机改造的光学发动机， 适用于小缸机， 主要用于研究发动机缸内不 同方向的流场、 喷雾以及混合气的形成等情况， 但不做缸内燃烧研究， 为优化发动机 的进气道、 配气机构、 燃烧室等提供参考， 同时为发动机模拟计算提供参考。 具体如 下：
在原型机上进行改造， 采用透明石英玻璃缸套， 且活塞头部装有透明石英玻璃， 可视化程度大， 便于研究； 活塞环采用石墨材质， 防止了活塞环刮伤石英玻璃缸套， 石墨具有自润滑作用和较好热传导系数， 保证了活塞环和透明缸套之间的润滑， 同时 可降低透明缸套由于摩擦引起的温度升高； 透明缸套长度大于发动机冲程， 保证活塞 环仅在透明缸套内运动， 避免活塞环在不同材质的缸套中运动带来的不良影响； 保留 原型机的水套， 通过加循环热水使缸内温度和发动机实际运转温度相接近； 很大程度 上， 保留了光学发动机燃烧系统参数和实际发动机燃烧系统参数的一致性， 提高了试 验结果可行性和参考价值； 为了保证透明缸套和原缸套间的同轴度设计了同轴套。 附图说明
图 1为本发明整体视图； 图 2为加长活塞示意图；
图 3为同轴套示意图。
图中：
1. 缸盖总成； 2. 加长活塞； 3. 透明石英玻璃缸套； 4. 同轴套； 5. 反射镜； 6. 反 射镜支架； 7. 缸体总成； 8. 加长活塞顶部； 9. 活塞加长部分； 10. 石墨活塞环； 11. 透 明石英玻璃窗口； 12. 加长活塞侧面窗口； 13. 同轴套侧面窗口。 具体实施方式
下面根据附图对本发明进行详细描述， 其为本发明多种实施方式中的一种优选实 施例。
优选实施例中， 原有发动机缸盖、 缸体、 曲轴箱系统以及连杆等零部件不变， 活 塞进行加长，且加长活塞 2头部装有透明石英玻璃窗口 11，加长活塞侧面开有窗口 12， 加长活塞侧面窗口 12的高度大于发动机的行程 （避免活塞上下运动中撞到反射镜）， 加长活塞侧面窗口 12内装有反射镜 5， 缸体总成 7与缸盖总成 1之间加入透明石英玻 璃缸套 3， 通过加长活塞 2下部的反射镜 5和透明石英玻璃缸套 3， 可以检测缸内的流 场、喷雾以及混合气的形成等情况； 透明石英玻璃缸套 3内径和发动机缸套内径相等， 透明石英玻璃缸套 3的长度大于发动机冲程， 保证了活塞环整个行程在缸套中运行； 连杆采用原连杆， 由于石英玻璃缸套 3和同轴套 4引起缸体缸盖间距离的增加， 通过 加长活塞 2来进行补充。
参照附图， 优选实施例可以为， 在多缸原型机上进行改造， 改造后的光学发动机
(如图 1 ) 主要用于研究发动机缸内不同方向的流场、 喷雾以及混合气的形成等情况， 但不做缸内燃烧研究。
采用原型机连杆， 对活塞进行加长， 加长活塞 2顶部装有透明石英玻璃窗口 11， 加长活塞 2的上下两部分通过螺栓连接，使活塞顶部部分及透明石英玻璃窗口 11易于 装配和拆卸， 活塞加长部分 9侧面开有用来放置反射镜 5的加长活塞侧面窗口 12。 同 时活塞加长部分 9采用铝合金材料， 减小整体活塞质量 （如图 2)。
在缸盖和原缸套之间装有透明石英玻璃缸套 3， 透明石英玻璃缸套 3和原缸套间 装有同轴套 4， 保证原缸套和透明石英玻璃缸套 3的同轴度， 同轴套 4上开有安装反 射镜 5的同轴套侧面窗口 13 (如图 3 )。 可在透明石英玻璃缸套 3—侧装激光器， 通过 透明石英玻璃缸套 3照射到缸内。 反射镜 5固定在反射镜支架 6上，通过同轴套 4上的同轴套侧面窗口 13伸到加长 活塞侧面窗口 12内， 通过反射镜 5、 加长活塞顶部 8的透明石英玻璃窗口 11可观测 到缸内气流、 喷雾以及混合气形成等情况。
由于透明石英玻璃缸套 3比较容易被刮伤， 活塞环采用石墨材质， 保证了透明石 英玻璃缸套 3不被刮伤， 同时石墨具有自润滑作用和较好热传导系数， 保证了石墨活 塞环 10和透明石英玻璃缸套 3之间的润滑，并对降低透明石英玻璃缸套 3由于摩擦引 起的温度升高有一定的意义。
本光学发动机在多缸原型机上改造过程中保持原有的发动机缸盖、 缸体、 曲轴箱 系统， 连杆等大部分零部件不变， 活塞加长， 缸体、 缸盖之间加入透明石英玻璃缸套 3， 并用螺栓固定连接。 （如图 1 ) 进一步地， 各个构件可以在实施例中优选为：
1. 透明石英玻璃缸套：
透明石英玻璃缸套 3内径和发动机缸径相等， 透明石英玻璃缸套 3的长度大于发 动机冲程与活塞最下面一道环到活塞顶面的距离之和， 保证活塞环仅在透明石英玻璃 缸套 3内运动， 避免活塞环在不同材质的缸套中运动带来的不良影响。
2. 加长活塞：
缸体与缸盖之间距离的增加， 通过加长活塞 2来进行补充。 加长活塞 2顶部装有 透明石英玻璃窗口 11， 侧面开有安装反光镜 5的加长活塞侧面窗口 12， 所述加长活塞 侧面窗口 12的高度大于发动机的行程，避免加长活塞 2上下运动中撞到反射镜 5。（如 图 2 )
3. 同轴套：
为了保证活塞连杆机构运动的平稳性， 减小整个光学发动机的振动， 透明石英玻 璃缸套 3和原缸套的同轴度通过同轴套 4来保证。同轴套 4加工时需要安装在缸体上， 和缸体一起加工， 加工精度不低于缸套内表面的加工精度。 同轴套 4上开有同轴套侧 面窗口 13， 用来和加长活塞 2—起放置反射镜 5。 （如图 3 )
4. 反射镜：
反射镜 5固定到反射镜支架 6的一端，并以 45度角通过反射镜支架 6斜放到加长 活塞侧面窗口 12内， 反射镜支架 6的另一端固定到缸体上表面。
5. 光学发动机的润滑：
缸盖的润滑通过外接管路， 管路一端到缸体原主油道， 另一端接缸盖原主油道。 缸盖的回油， 也通过外接管路， 管路一端连接缸盖回油孔， 一端连接缸体回油孔。 曲轴及连杆的润滑仍采用缸体原润滑油道进行润滑。
活塞环和缸套之间的润滑主要依靠石墨活塞环的自润滑进行。
6. 光学发动机的冷却和加温：
由于本光学发动机不进行燃烧试验， 所有主要的热源来自于摩擦， 缸盖系统摩擦 热主要通过润滑系统进行冷却， 曲轴连杆机构也主要通过润滑系统进行冷却， 透明石 英缸套的冷却主要通过石墨活塞环 10传递给活塞， 由于发动机实际运转时间较短， 所 以摩擦产生的热量非常有限。 光学发动机的冷却系统中的水道在这里主要起到加温的 作用， 使得缸内温度和发动机实际运转时相接近。
7. 通过缸体、 缸盖间的透明石英玻璃以及活塞顶部窗口， 即可检测缸内的不同方 向的流场、 喷雾以及混合气的形成等情况。 由于很大程度上保留与实际发动机燃烧系 统参数的一致性， 提高了光学发动机试验结果可信度和参考价值。
上面结合附图对本发明进行了示例性描述， 显然本发明具体实现并不受上述方式 的限制， 只要采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种改进， 或未经改进直接 应用于其它场合的， 均在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种光学发动机， 包括发动机缸体、 缸盖、 原缸套以及活塞， 其特征在于， 所 述缸盖与所述原缸套之间安装有一透明石英玻璃缸套， 所述活塞为一加长活塞， 该加 长活塞顶部开有圆窗口， 圆窗口内安装有透明石英玻璃。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的光学发动机， 其特征在于， 所述透明石英玻璃缸套的长度 大于光学发动机的冲程， 所述活塞的活塞环仅在透明石英玻璃缸套内运动。
3. 如权利要求 2所述的光学发动机， 其特征在于， 进一步地， 所述透明石英玻璃 缸套的长度大于发动机冲程与活塞最下面一道环到活塞顶面的距离之和， 所述发动机 缸体、 所述原缸套、 所述缸盖以及所述透明石英玻璃缸套之间均由螺栓固定连接。
4. 如权利要求 2所述的光学发动机， 其特征在于， 所述活塞环采用石墨材质， 用 于所述活塞环和所述缸套之间的润滑， 同时防止所述活塞环刮伤所述透明石英玻璃缸 套。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的光学发动机， 其特征在于， 所述活塞的加长部分采用铝合 金材料， 所述活塞加长部分与装有透明石英玻璃的所述圆窗口的顶部之间通过螺栓连 接。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的光学发动机，其特征在于，所述加长活塞的侧面开有窗口， 该窗口的高度大于光学发动机的冲程。
7. 如权利要求 6所述的光学发动机， 其特征在于， 所述加长活塞侧面所开窗口的 高度大于发动机的行程， 该窗口用来放置反射镜。
8. 如权利要求 7所述的光学发动机， 其特征在于， 所述反射镜固定在一支架的一 端， 该反射镜以 45度角通过该支架斜放至加长活塞的侧面窗口内， 该支架的另一端固 定至所述发动机缸体的上表面。
9. 如权利要求 8所述的光学发动机， 其特征在于， 所述透明石英玻璃缸套内径和 所述发动机原缸套的缸径相等， 其中， 还包括一同轴套， 该同轴套安装在所述发动机 缸体上， 用于确保该透明石英玻璃缸套和所述发动机原缸套的同轴度。
10. 如权利要求 9所述的光学发动机， 其特征在于， 所述同轴套上开有窗口， 固 定在支架上的反射镜通过该窗口伸到活塞侧面窗口内， 所述透明石英玻璃缸套的一侧 安装有激光器， 其发射的光通过透明石英玻璃缸套照射到缸内。
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