WO2011069372A1 - 高密度培养微藻的光生物反应器系统 - Google Patents

高密度培养微藻的光生物反应器系统 Download PDF

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WO2011069372A1
WO2011069372A1 PCT/CN2010/075484 CN2010075484W WO2011069372A1 WO 2011069372 A1 WO2011069372 A1 WO 2011069372A1 CN 2010075484 W CN2010075484 W CN 2010075484W WO 2011069372 A1 WO2011069372 A1 WO 2011069372A1
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Prior art keywords
photobioreactor
disposed
solar
light
spectrophotometric
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PCT/CN2010/075484
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
袁振宏
杨康
王忠铭
朱顺妮
尚常花
周卫征
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中国科学院广州能源研究所
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Priority to US13/514,389 priority Critical patent/US20120288921A1/en
Publication of WO2011069372A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011069372A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M31/00—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light
    • C12M31/02—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light located outside the reactor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M31/00—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light
    • C12M31/08—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light by conducting or reflecting elements located inside the reactor or in its structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
    • C12M41/24—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes inside the vessel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M43/00—Combinations of bioreactors or fermenters with other apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/06—Nozzles; Sprayers; Spargers; Diffusers
    • C12M29/08—Air lift
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/59—Biological synthesis; Biological purification

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of microalgae cultivation biotechnology, in particular to a high-density microalgae cultivation photobioreactor system which operates by solar photovoltaic electrothermal complementary mode. Background technique
  • Algae is not only rich in protein, fat and carbohydrate, but also contains various amino acids, vitamins, antibiotics, highly unsaturated fatty acids and many other biologically active substances. It can be used as food, medicine, An important source of raw materials for biochemical reagents, fine chemicals, fuels and other materials. With the deepening of human understanding of microalgae, the development and development of new high-efficiency photobioreactors and their application in high-density culture of microalgae have become an important part of microalgae biotechnology.
  • Microalgae culture mainly includes open and closed photobioreactors.
  • the open photobioreactor is simple in construction, low in cost and simple in operation, but has disadvantages such as being susceptible to pollution and unstable culture conditions.
  • the closed reactor has stable culture conditions, can be aseptically operated, and is easy to carry out high-density culture, which has become the future development direction.
  • closed photobioreactors are: pipeline type, flat type, columnar airlift type, stirred type fermenter, floating film bag, and the like.
  • the lighting mode of the closed photobioreactor mainly includes outdoor direct lighting and artificial light source lighting.
  • Solar energy is the most abundant clean energy on the earth.
  • the energy of the earth including fossil fuels, is derived from the sun.
  • the annual solar energy incident on the earth's surface is about 5. 7xl024J, about 10,000 times that of human energy.
  • the earth intercepts every year.
  • the solar radiation energy is equivalent to 1500 times of the current global energy energy.
  • solar energy due to its low energy density, solar energy has intermittent and unstable, and difficult to collect, which restricts its large-scale utilization.
  • solar energy utilization needs to be effective.
  • the carrier needs to convert solar energy into an energy source that can be stored, transported and continuously exported. Summary of the invention
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a solar energy spectrophotometric bioreactor system which is effective for improving solar energy utilization and is continuously and stably applied to microalgae cultivation.
  • a solar energy spectrophotometric bioreactor system for high-density microalgae cultivation including a photobioreactor, a solar collector, an optical fiber, and a photobio a light distributing device in the reactor, a residual gas absorption device and a culture liquid separation and recovery device respectively connected to the photobioreactor; one end of the light distribution device is connected to a spectroscopic light intensity adjusting device disposed on the photobioreactor, The spectroscopic light intensity adjusting device is connected to the solar energy collector through the optical fiber; a gas distributor is disposed between the light distributing device and the bottom of the photobioreactor, and the gas distributor is connected to the output end of the gas mixing device
  • the gas mixing device input terminal (0 2 gas source, N 2 gas source or compressed air source, etc., can conveniently and accurately adjust the gas source Component.
  • the gas distributor is placed between the inner cylinder and the bottom of the reactor, and is connected to the gas mixing device to form a circulating flow of the culture liquid by air-lift circulation mixing.
  • the light-distributing device comprises a double-layer transparent inner cylinder disposed coaxially with the photobioreactor and a plurality of dispersed optical fibers disposed in the double-layer gap of the inner cylinder, the top end of the dispersed optical fiber being connected to the spectroscopic light intensity adjusting device.
  • the optical device uses a fiber-optic system with high light transmission efficiency.
  • the light bio-reactor is internally dispersed with a dispersion fiber. This fiber is different from ordinary optical fiber. When the input end is input to the light source, the side can emit continuous and uniform light.
  • the segmental dispersion fiber is vertically inserted between the double wall surfaces of the inner cylinder along the axial direction of the inner cylinder, and after the inner cylinder is placed in the photobioreactor, uniform and effective illumination conditions can be formed in the inner and outer cylinders and the photobioreactor;
  • the structure has a large surface area to volume ratio of light, and the light path of light energy transmitted to the microalgae is shorter; while the optical fiber is connected to the top of the dispersion fiber to introduce sunlight,
  • the LED light source is installed at the bottom end of the diffused fiber, and can be diffused by the diffused fiber to avoid repeated arrangement of the auxiliary lighting system in the photobioreactor, which is advantageous for simplifying the structure and ensuring the effective volume of the photobioreactor.
  • the device is illuminating, and the solar light source and the LED auxiliary light source can work independently or simultaneously.
  • auxiliary illumination system that is coupled to the solar collector at one end and to the light distribution device at the other end.
  • the system is equipped with an auxiliary lighting system that converts solar energy into electrical energy storage, which can effectively improve the change of solar illumination and insufficient night light intensity.
  • the auxiliary lighting system includes a solar panel connected in sequence, a battery, an LED auxiliary lighting device, and an LED light source, and the solar panel is disposed on the solar collector.
  • the LED auxiliary illumination device is disposed on a photobioreactor disposed at a bottom end of the polishing device.
  • the solar collector includes a parabolic concentrating cooler, and a parabolic concentrator mirror is disposed on the inner side of the parabolic concentrating cooler, and a secondary concentrator mirror disposed on the shaft of the solar collector is disposed.
  • a solar automatic tracker is disposed on the secondary concentrator mirror, and the secondary concentrator mirror is coupled to the optical fiber.
  • the solar light is spectrally screened and adjusted by parabolic mirrors, filters, and shutters to obtain a spectral band coupled with the absorption spectrum of the microalgae to increase the effective optical density.
  • the reflective film characteristic of the primary parabolic concentrator reflector is capable of reflecting visible light. Transmitted infrared light with a parabolic concentrating cooler on the back that absorbs transmitted infrared light.
  • thermoelectric concentrating cooler coupled to the parabolic concentrating cooler at one end and to the photobioreactor at the other end.
  • the heat exchange device includes a heat accumulator, a circulation pump, and a heat exchanger, and the parabolic concentrating cooler is connected to the heat accumulator, and the heat exchanger is disposed in the photobioreactor, the heat exchanger, and the circulation A heat exchange circuit is formed between the pump and the heat accumulator.
  • the reflective film of the parabolic concentrator reflector of the solar collector has the characteristics of reflecting visible light and transmitting infrared light. When the sunlight passes through a parabolic concentrator mirror, the reflective film reflects visible light, transmits infrared light, and the concentrating cooler absorbs transmission.
  • the thermal energy is introduced into the heat accumulator through a pipeline, and the heat accumulator and the heat exchanger placed inside the photobioreactor are forcedly exchanged and exchanged by a circulation pump to control the inside of the photobioreactor Temperature, and make full use of the energy of different spectral bands of sunlight.
  • An automatic detecting device is further disposed in the photobioreactor; the automatic detecting device It can monitor the process parameters such as light intensity, PH value and dissolved oxygen content in real time, and provide sufficient reference for the user to cultivate microalgae; the automatic detection device can be connected with the heat exchanger to make the heat exchange device cooperate.
  • the use of an automatic detection device can achieve the effect of automatically controlling the temperature of the reactor, which facilitates the heat exchange process.
  • a reactor feed port and an exhaust port are disposed on a top end of the photobioreactor, and a reactor discharge port is disposed at a bottom end thereof, and the residual gas absorption device is connected to the exhaust port, Two ends of the culture liquid separation and recovery device are respectively connected to the reactor feed port and the reactor discharge port; and a finite pressure valve is further disposed on the exhaust port.
  • the pressure limiting valve is set to ensure sufficient pressure inside the reactor and to discharge residual reaction gases in a timely manner.
  • the spectroscopic light intensity adjusting device includes an adjustable filter and an adjustable light intensity shutter.
  • the device of the invention adopts solar energy collection, spectroscopic and transmission devices, and adopts solar energy to cultivate microalgae, and the system can effectively improve solar energy through different ways of light, electricity and heat. Utilization, reduce the consumption of external electrical energy, introduce sunlight into the indoor closed photoreactor to replace the artificial light source, reduce the consumption of electrical energy in the closed photoreactor, and utilize the mature solar photovoltaic technology when the solar lighting conditions are insufficient.
  • the battery-LED light source assists the illumination to solve the problem of intermittent, unstable, and difficult collection of solar energy, and ensures continuous and stable cultivation of the microalgae.
  • DRAWINGS 2 is a schematic structural view of a solar collector of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a photobioreactor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a connection between a LED auxiliary illumination device and a dispersion optical fiber according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a gas distributor according to the present invention
  • a solar energy spectrophotometric bioreactor system for high-density microalgae cultivation comprising a photobioreactor 3, further comprising a solar collector 1, an optical fiber 2, disposed in a photobioreaction a light distributing device in the device 3, a residual gas absorption device 24 and a culture liquid separation and recovery device 9 respectively connected to the photobioreactor 3; one end of the polishing device and the spectroscopic light intensity adjusting device 12 disposed on the photobioreactor 3 connection, The spectroscopic light intensity adjusting device 12 is connected to the solar collector 1 through the optical fiber 2; a gas distributor 8 is disposed between the polishing device and the bottom of the photobioreactor 3, the gas distributor 8 and the gas mixing device 7 connections.
  • the photobioreactor 3 is made of a transparent PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate, ie, plexiglass) cylindrical can (reactor designed to withstand pressure of 0.2 MPa), in photobioreaction
  • the inner cylinder 31 is also coaxially disposed with a double-layer transparent PMMA seal.
  • the inner cylinder 31 is fixed in the photobioreactor 3 by the inner cylinder bracket 20, and is sealed in the double gap of the inner cylinder 31.
  • the root dispersion fiber 19, the inner cylinder 31 and the dispersion fiber 19 constitute a light distribution device; the top end of the dispersion fiber 19 is connected to the spectroscopic light intensity adjusting device 12, and the bottom end is connected to the LED light source 25.
  • the gas distributor 8 is disposed in a space between the bottom of the photobioreactor 3 and the bottom of the inner cylinder 31, and the culture liquid is formed into a circulating flow by gas-lift circulation mixing.
  • auxiliary illumination system one end of which is connected to the solar collector 1 and the other end is connected to the light distribution device.
  • the auxiliary illumination system comprises a solar panel 11 connected in sequence, a battery 10, an LED auxiliary illumination device 14, and an LED.
  • the light source 25, the solar panel 11 is disposed on and integrated with the solar collector 1, and the LED auxiliary illumination device 14 is disposed on the photobioreactor 3, and the LED light source 25 is disposed at the bottom end of the optical device.
  • the solar collector 1 includes a parabolic concentrating cooler 16 having a parabolic concentrator mirror 15 disposed on the inner side of the parabolic concentrating cooler 16 and a secondary concentrating light disposed on the shaft of the solar collector 1
  • the mirror 18 is provided with a solar automatic tracker 17 on the secondary concentrator mirror 18, and the secondary concentrator mirror 18 is connected to the optical fiber 2. Pick up.
  • thermoelectric device having a parabolic concentrating cooler at one end
  • the heat exchange device comprises a heat accumulator 4, a circulation pump 5, a heat exchanger 6, and a parabolic concentrating cooler 16 is connected to the regenerator 4, and the heat exchanger 6 is arranged In the photobioreactor 3, a heat exchange circuit is formed between the heat exchanger 6, the circulation pump 5, and the heat accumulator 4.
  • An automatic detecting device 13 is also provided in the photobioreactor 3, and the automatic detecting device 13 can be connected to the heat exchanger 6.
  • the connection of the residual gas absorption device 24 and the culture liquid separation recovery device 9 to the photobioreactor 3 is realized by providing a reactor feed port 22 and an exhaust port 23 on the top end of the photobioreactor 3, and is provided at the bottom end thereof.
  • 22 is connected to the reactor discharge port 21; a limit pressure valve 26 is also provided on the exhaust port 23.
  • the photobioreactor system is mainly used for the cultivation of microalgae.
  • the specific operation is as follows: Before the microalgae cultivation is carried out, saturated high temperature steam is introduced into the reactor through the feed port 22, and the reactor is rinsed with high temperature steam and high pressure water. disinfection.
  • the culture solution of the microalgae is pre-configured, pumped into the reactor through the reactor feed port 22, and the microalgae species are connected.
  • the solar collector 1 introduces the collected sunlight into the spectroscopic light intensity adjusting device 12 through the optical fiber 2, and the beam passes through the spectroscopic light intensity adjusting device 12 to obtain a spectrum suitable for the growth of the microalgae, and enters the photobiological reaction.
  • the dispersed optical fiber 19 in the gap of the inner cylinder 31 of the photobioreactor 3 forms uniform and effective illumination conditions in the photobioreactor 3.
  • the solar panel 11 and the solar collector 1 are integrated, and the collected electric energy is stored in the battery 10 while collecting sunlight.
  • the LED auxiliary illumination device 14 connected to the battery provides illumination to ensure the reactor. The lighting conditions in .
  • the microalgae-rich culture solution is discharged through the reactor discharge port 21, and the microalgae is obtained through the culture liquid separation and recovery device 9, and the separated culture solution is recycled to the photobioreactor 3 for reuse.
  • the gas distributor 8 adopts a circular pipeline, and a plurality of aeration heads 27 are uniformly connected to the pipeline at the upper portion, and are placed in the gap between the bottom of the photobioreactor 3 and the bottom of the light-distributing device, and circulated.
  • the mode is internal circulation.
  • the gas-rising circulation mixing mode makes the culture liquid form a circulating flow, and obtains good material mixing and high gas-liquid mass transfer intensity; at the same time, the shear force formed by the circulation is lower than that of the circulation pump forced circulation method, and the cultivation is effectively reduced.
  • the destruction of microalgae structure is suitable for the cultivation of microalgae with low shear tolerance.

Description

高密度培养微藻的光生物反应器系统 技术领域
本发明涉及到微藻培养生物技术领域， 尤其是一种采用太阳能光 电热互补方式工作的高密度微藻培养光生物反应器系统。 背景技术
随着全球性资源短缺压力的日益增加， 开发和利用海洋藻类将 是长远解决人类食品和能源来源的重要途径。 藻类不仅富含蛋白质、 脂肪和碳水化合物这三大类人类所必需的物质， 而且还含有各种氨 基酸、维生素、抗生素、高不饱和脂肪酸以及其它多种生物活性物质， 可以做为食品、 药品、 生化试剂、 精细化工产品、 燃料以及其它材料 的重要原料来源。随着人类对微藻认识的不断加深， 开发和研制新型 高效光生物反应器及其在微藻的高密度培养方面的应用研究已成为 微藻生物技术的一个重要组成部分。
微藻培养主要有开放式和封闭式两种光生物反应器。开放式光生 物反应器构建简单、 成本低廉及操作简便， 但存在易受污染、 培养条 件不稳定等缺点。 封闭式反应器培养条件稳定， 可无菌操作， 易进行 高密度培养， 已成为今后的发展方向。 一般封闭式光生物反应器有： 管道式、平板式、柱状气升式、搅拌式发酵罐、浮式薄膜袋等。 目前， 封闭式光生物反应器的采光方式主要有室外直接采光和人造光源采 光两种。 采用室外采光易受外界环境光照、温度等因素影响， 不利于 微藻培养过程的控制； 采用人造光源， 虽然反应器在室内工作， 避免 了环境因素的影响， 但是人造光源消耗大量电能， 不利于控制微藻大 规模培养生产的成本。
太阳能是地球上最丰富的洁净能源，包括化石燃料在内的地球上 的能源均来源于太阳，每年入射到地球表面的太阳能约为 5. 7xl024J, 约为人类所用能源的 10000倍，地球每年拦截的太阳辐射能相当于目 前全球电力能量的 1500倍， 但太阳能因其能源密度低， 存在间歇性 和不稳定性， 收集困难等问题， 制约了它的大规模利用， 另外太阳能 的利用需要有效的载体， 需要将太阳能转化为一种可以储存、运输和 连续输出的能源。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种有效提高太阳能利用率，连续稳定地 应用于微藻培养的太阳能分光光合生物反应器系统。
为实现以上目的， 本发明采取了以下的技术方案： 一种高密度培 养微藻的太阳能分光光合生物反应器系统， 包括有光生物反应器， 还 包括太阳能采集器， 光导纤维， 设置在光生物反应器内的布光装置， 分别与光生物反应器连接的残余气体吸收装置和培养液分离回收装 置；所述布光装置一端与设置在光生物反应器上的分光光强度调节装 置连接， 该分光光强度调节装置通过光导纤维连接到太阳能采集器； 在所述布光装置的下方、与所述光生物反应器底部之间设有气体分布 器， 该气体分布器与气体混合装置输出端连接， 气体混合装置输入端 接入（02气源、 N2气源或压缩空气等气源， 可以方便准确地调节气源 组分。
气体分布器置于内筒与反应器底部之间， 与气体混合装置相连， 通过气升环流混合方式使培养液形成循环流动。
所述布光装置包括与光生物反应器同轴设置的双层透明内筒以 及设置在该内筒双层间隙中的多根弥散光纤，该弥散光纤顶端与所述 分光光强度调节装置连接。 布光装置使用光传递效率高的光纤系统， 光生物反应器内部布光采用弥散光纤， 这种光纤不同于普通光导纤 维， 在其入射端输入光源时， 侧面可以发出连续均匀的光线； 将数段 弥散光纤沿内筒轴线方向垂直装入内筒双层壁面之间，随内筒置入光 生物反应器后， 可以在内筒内外、光生物反应器中形成均匀有效的光 照条件； 这种结构具有较大的光照表面积与体积比， 光能传递到微藻 的光路较短； 在弥散光纤顶部连接光导纤维引入太阳光的同时， 将
LED光源安装在弥散光纤底端， 可利用弥散光纤布光， 避免重复布置 光生物反应器内的辅助照明系统， 有利于简化结构， 保证光生物反应 器的有效容积， 两种光源采用同一布光装置布光， 太阳光源与 LED辅 助光源可独立或同时工作。
还包括有辅助照明系统，该辅助照明系统一端与太阳能采集器连 接， 另一端与所述布光装置连接。 系统设置有辅助照明系统， 将太阳 能转变为电能储存，能有效改善太阳光照变化和夜晚光照强度不足的 情况。
所述辅助照明系统包括有依次连接的太阳能电池板、蓄电池、 LED 辅助照明装置、 LED光源，所述太阳能电池板设置在太阳能集热器上， 所述 LED辅助照明装置设置在光生物反应器上，该 LED光源设置在所 述布光装置的底端。
所述太阳能集热器包括有抛物面聚光冷却器，该抛物面聚光冷却 器内侧上设有一次抛物面聚光器反射镜，设置在太阳能集热器中轴上 的二次聚光器反射镜，在该二次聚光器反射镜上设有太阳能自动跟踪 器， 所述二次聚光器反射镜与所述光导纤维连接。太阳光经过抛物面 反射镜、 滤光镜、 遮光器的光谱筛选和调节， 得到与微藻吸收光谱耦 合的光谱带， 提高有效光密度， 一次抛物面聚光器反射镜的反射膜特 性是能反射可见光透射红外光，其背面设置有抛物面聚光冷却器能吸 收透射红外光。
还包括有热交换装置，该热交换装置一端与所述抛物面聚光冷却 器连接， 另一端连接到所述光生物反应器内。
所述热交换装置包括蓄热器、 循环泵、 换热器， 所述抛物面聚光 冷却器与所述蓄热器连接， 所述换热器设置于光生物反应器内， 换热 器、 循环泵、 蓄热器之间构成换热回路。太阳能采集器的一次抛物面 聚光器反射镜的反射膜具有反射可见光、透射红外光特性， 太阳光通 过一次抛物面聚光器反射镜时， 反射膜反射可见光， 透射红外光， 聚 光冷却器吸收透射过来的红外光热能，通过管路将该热能导入到蓄热 器中，蓄热器与置于光生物反应器内部的换热器通过循环泵强制循环 换热， 以控制光生物反应器内的温度， 并充分利用太阳光不同光谱带 的能量。
在所述光生物反应器内还设置有自动检测装置；该自动检测装置 能对反应过程中的光强度、 PH值、 溶解氧含量等工艺参数进行实时 监控， 为使用者培养微藻提供充分的参考； 自动检测装置可以与所述 换热器连接， 使得热交换装置配合自动检测装置使用， 能达到自动控 制反应器温度的效果， 这样有助于热交换过程的进行。
在所述光生物反应器顶端上设有反应器进料口和排气口，在其底 端上设有反应器出料口， 所述残余气体吸收装置与所述排气口连接， 所述培养液分离回收装置的两端分别与所述反应器进料口和反应器 出料口连接； 在所述排气口上还设置有限压阀。 限压阀的设置能保证 反应器内部足够的压力并及时排出反应残余气体。
所述分光光强度调节装置包括可调节滤光镜和可调节光强遮光 器。 本发明与现有技术相比， 具有如下优点： 本发明装置通过太阳能 的采集、 分光、 传输装置， 采用太阳能进行微藻的培养， 该系统通过 光、 电、 热不同途径， 可以有效提高太阳能的利用率， 降低对外部电 能的消耗， 将太阳光引入室内的封闭式光反应器以代替人造光源， 降 低封闭式光反应器对于电能的消耗，同时在太阳光照条件不足时利用 技术成熟的太阳能光伏电池一 LED光源辅助照明， 解决利用太阳能间 歇性、 不稳定性、 收集困难的问题， 保证微藻的连续稳定培养。 附图说明 图 2为本发明太阳能采集器结构示意图；
图 3为本发明光生物反应器结构示意图；
图 4为本发明 LED辅助照明装置与弥散光纤连接示意图； 图 5为本发明气体分布器结构示意图；
附图标记说明： 1-太阳能采集器， 2-光导纤维， 3-光生物反应 器， 31-内筒， 4-蓄热器， 5-循环泵， 6-换热器， 7-气体混合装置， 8-气体分布器， 9-培养液分离回收装置， 10-蓄电池， 1 1-太阳能电池 板， 12-分光光强度调节装置， 13-自动检测装置， 14-LED辅助照明装 置， 15-—次抛物面聚光器反射镜， 16-抛物面聚光冷却器， 17-太阳 能自动跟踪器， 18-二次聚光器反射镜， 19-弥散光纤， 20-内筒支架， 21-反应器出料口， 22-反应器进料口， 23-排气口， 24-残余气体吸收 装置， 25-LED光源， 26-限压阀， 27_曝气头。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明的内容做进一步详细说 明。
实施例：
请参阅图 1到图 4所示， 一种高密度培养微藻的太阳能分光光 合生物反应器系统， 包括有光生物反应器 3， 还包括太阳能采集器 1， 光导纤维 2， 设置在光生物反应器 3内的布光装置， 分别与光生物反 应器 3连接的残余气体吸收装置 24和培养液分离回收装置 9; 布光 装置一端与设置在光生物反应器 3上的分光光强度调节装置 12连接， 该分光光强度调节装置 12通过光导纤维 2连接到太阳能采集器 1 ; 在布光装置的下方、 与光生物反应器 3底部之间设有气体分布器 8， 该气体分布器 8与气体混合装置 7连接。
本实施例中， 光生物反应器 3为透明的 PMMA (聚甲基丙稀酸甲 酯， 即有机玻璃） 筒状罐体 （反应器设计为耐压 0. 2MPa ) 制成， 在 光生物反应器 3内还同轴设置有双层透明 PMMA密封制成的内筒 31， 内筒 31由内筒支架 20固定在光生物反应器 3中， 在内筒 31的双层 间隙中密封设置有多根弥散光纤 19， 该内筒 31和弥散光纤 19即组 成布光装置； 弥散光纤 19顶端与分光光强度调节装置 12连接， 底端 与 LED光源 25连接。 气体分布器 8即设置于光生物反应器 3底部与 内筒 31底部之间的空隙中， 通过气升环流混合方式使培养液形成循 环流动。
还包括有辅助照明系统，该辅助照明系统一端与太阳能采集器 1 连接， 另一端与布光装置连接， 辅助照明系统包括有依次连接的太阳 能电池板 11、 蓄电池 10、 LED辅助照明装置 14、 LED光源 25， 太阳 能电池板 11设置在太阳能集热器 1上并与其结合为一体， LED辅助 照明装置 14设置在光生物反应器 3上，该 LED光源 25设置在布光装 置的底端。
上述太阳能集热器 1包括有抛物面聚光冷却器 16， 该抛物面聚 光冷却器 16内侧上设有一次抛物面聚光器反射镜 15， 设置在太阳能 集热器 1中轴上的二次聚光器反射镜 18， 在该二次聚光器反射镜 18 上设有太阳能自动跟踪器 17， 二次聚光器反射镜 18与光导纤维 2连 接。
还包括有热交换装置， 该热交换装置一端与抛物面聚光冷却器
16连接，另一端连接到光生物反应器 3内，热交换装置包括蓄热器 4、 循环泵 5、 换热器 6， 抛物面聚光冷却器 16与蓄热器 4连接， 换热器 6设置于光生物反应器 3内， 换热器 6、 循环泵 5、 蓄热器 4之间构 成换热回路。
在光生物反应器 3 内还设置有自动检测装置 13， 该自动检测装 置 13可以与换热器 6连接。
残余气体吸收装置 24和培养液分离回收装置 9与光生物反应器 3的连接通过在光生物反应器 3顶端上设有反应器进料口 22和排气 口 23实现， 在其底端上设有反应器出料口 21， 残余气体吸收装置 24 与排气口 23连接， 用于吸收光生物反应器 3反映产生的残余气体， 培养液分离回收装置 9的两端分别与反应器进料口 22和反应器出料 口 21连接； 在排气口 23上还设置有限压阀 26。 本光生物反应器系统主要用于微藻的培养， 具体操作如下： 实施微藻培养之前， 将饱和高温蒸汽通过进料口 22通入反应器 内部， 使用高温蒸汽和高压水对反应器进行冲洗消毒。将预先配置好 微藻的培养液， 通过反应器进料口 22泵入反应器内， 接入微藻菌种。 在光照条件充足时，太阳能采集器 1将采集到的太阳光通过光导纤维 2导入分光光强度调节装置 12， 光束在经过分光光强度调节装置 12 后得到适合微藻生长的光谱， 进入光生物反应器 3内， 通过密封置入 光生物反应器 3内筒 31间隙的弥散光纤 19在光生物反应器 3中形成 均匀有效的光照条件。 太阳能电池板 11与太阳能采集器 1采用一体 化设计， 在采集太阳光的同时， 采集电能储存于蓄电池 10， 在光照 条件不足时， 通过与蓄电池相连的 LED辅助照明装置 14提供照明， 保证反应器中的光照条件。
经过一定的反应时间后， 通过反应器出料口 21放出富含微藻的培 养液， 经过培养液分离回收装置 9得到微藻， 分离得到的培养液再循 环进入光生物反应器 3重复利用。 请参阅图 5所示， 气体分布器 8采用环形管路， 上部均布数个曝气 头 27与管路相连， 置于光生物反应器 3底部与布光装置底部之间的空 隙中， 循环方式为内环流式。这种气升环流混合方式使培养液形成循 环流动， 获得良好的物料混合和较高的气液传质强度； 同时循环形成 的剪切力较采用循环泵强制循环方式很低，有效降低对培养微藻结构 的破坏作用， 适用于较低剪切力耐受性的微藻的培养。 上列详细说明是针对本发明可行实施例的具体说明，该实施例并 非用以限制本发明的专利范围，凡未脱离本发明所为的等效实施或变 更， 均应包含于本案的专利范围中。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种高密度培养微藻的太阳能分光光合生物反应器系统， 包 括有光生物反应器（3 )， 其特征在于： 还包括太阳能采集器（1 )， 光 导纤维 （2)， 设置在光生物反应器 （3 ) 内的布光装置， 分别与光生 物反应器 （3 ) 连接的残余气体吸收装置 （24) 和培养液分离回收装 置 (9)；
所述布光装置一端与设置在光生物反应器 （3 ) 上的分光光强度 调节装置（12)连接，该分光光强度调节装置（12)通过光导纤维（2) 连接到太阳能采集器（1 ); 在所述布光装置的下方、 与所述光生物反 应器（3 ) 底部之间设有气体分布器（8 )， 该气体分布器（8) 与气体 混合装置 （7) 连接。
2、如权利要求 1所述的高密度培养微藻的太阳能分光光合生物反 应器系统， 其特征在于： 所述布光装置包括与光生物反应器 （3 ) 同 轴设置的双层透明内筒（31 ) 以及设置在该内筒（31 )双层间隙中的 多根弥散光纤 （19)， 该弥散光纤 （19) 顶端与所述分光光强度调节 装置 （12) 连接。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的高密度培养微藻的太阳能分光光合生 物反应器系统， 其特征在于： 还包括有辅助照明系统， 该辅助照明系 统一端与太阳能采集器 （1 ) 连接， 另一端与所述布光装置连接。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的高密度培养微藻的太阳能分光光合生物 反应器系统， 其特征在于： 所述辅助照明系统包括有依次连接的太阳 能电池板（11 )、蓄电池 ( 10)、 LED辅助照明装置（ 14 )、 LED光源（ 25 )， 所述太阳能电池板 （11) 设置在太阳能集热器 （1)上， 所述 LED辅 助照明装置（14)设置在光生物反应器（3)上， 所述 LED光源（25) 设置在所述布光装置的底端。
5、如权利要求 1所述的高密度培养微藻的太阳能分光光合生物反 应器系统， 其特征在于： 所述太阳能集热器 （1) 包括有抛物面聚光 冷却器 （16)， 该抛物面聚光冷却器 （16) 内侧上设有一次抛物面聚 光器反射镜（15)， 设置在太阳能集热器（1) 中轴上的二次聚光器反 射镜 （18)， 在该二次聚光器反射镜 （18) 上设有太阳能自动跟踪器
(17)， 所述二次聚光器反射镜 （18) 与所述光导纤维 （2) 连接。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的高密度培养微藻的太阳能分光光合生物 反应器系统， 其特征在于： 还包括有热交换装置， 该热交换装置一端 与所述抛物面聚光冷却器（16)连接， 另一端连接到所述光生物反应 器 (3) 内。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的高密度培养微藻的太阳能分光光合生物 反应器系统， 其特征在于： 所述热交换装置包括蓄热器（4)、 循环泵
(5)、 换热器（6)， 所述抛物面聚光冷却器（16) 与所述蓄热器（4) 连接， 所述换热器 （6) 设置于光生物反应器 （3) 内， 换热器 （6)、 循环泵 （5)、 蓄热器 （4) 之间构成换热回路。
8、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的高密度培养微藻的太阳能分光光合生 物反应器系统， 其特征在于： 在所述光生物反应器 （3) 内还设置有 自动检测装置 （13)。
9、 如权利要求 1所述的高密度培养微藻的太阳能分光光合生物 反应器系统， 其特征在于： 在所述光生物反应器 （3) 顶端上设有反 应器进料口（22)和排气口（23)，在其底端上设有反应器出料口（21)， 所述残余气体吸收装置 （24)与所述排气口 （23)连接， 所述培养液 分离回收装置 （9) 的两端分别与所述反应器进料口 （22) 和反应器 出料口 （21) 连接； 在所述排气口 （23) 上还设置有限压阀 （26)。
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