WO2011067552A1 - Gasification system - Google Patents
Gasification system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011067552A1 WO2011067552A1 PCT/GB2010/002178 GB2010002178W WO2011067552A1 WO 2011067552 A1 WO2011067552 A1 WO 2011067552A1 GB 2010002178 W GB2010002178 W GB 2010002178W WO 2011067552 A1 WO2011067552 A1 WO 2011067552A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- syngas
- combustion chamber
- processing chamber
- chamber
- processing
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 182
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 blomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/127—Sunlight; Visible light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
- F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/71—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
- F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
- F23G2202/103—Combustion in two or more stages in separate chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/50204—Waste pre-treatment by pyrolysis, gasification or cracking
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/20—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications using renewable energy
Definitions
- This invention relates to gasification systems, in particular to gasification systems for waste.
- Thermal gasification of waste products by the pyrolysis under controlled conditions is a known process used to disseminate waste and to produce synthetic gas (syngas) therefrom which can then be used for the production of energy in known ways. Accordingly energy can be recovered from organic matter within waste.
- an apparatus for processing material such as organically coated waste and organic materials including blomass, industrial waste, municipal solid waste and sludge, comprising: a processing chamber for processing said material at an elevated temperature, in an oxygen deficient environment, to produce syngas; a combustion chamber having at least one burner therein for combusting syngas released by processing of said material; a conduit means between said combustion chamber and said processing chamber for carrying hot exhaust gasses from the combustion chamber to said processing chamber; and at last one mirror arranged to reflect and concentrate sunlight thereby to cause the temperature within said processing chamber to be raised.
- the invention may further include: a syngas reservoir; a storage conduit for carrying syngas into said syngas reservoir; and a syngas feed line for feeding syngas from said reservoir to said combustion chamber.
- the storage conduit and feed line may comprise sections of a conduit between said processing chamber and said combustion chamber such that the syngas reservoir is inline in said conduit.
- the reservoir can be located offline and the storage conduit and feed line connect the reservoir to the processing chamber and combustion chamber respectively, and may optionally branch from the a conduit between said processing chamber and said combustion chamber, accordingly a syngas reservoir bypass conduit is provided for the flow of syngas from the processing chamber to the combustion chamber without passing through the syngas reservoir.
- a first control valve to control the flow of gas from the processing chamber into the syngas reservoir and a second valve to control the flow of combustion chamber exhaust gas into said processing chamber are provided.
- the apparatus therefore can be configured to direct excess syngas into a storage reservoir.
- This has several benefits including the provision of a smaller combustion chamber.
- the syngas produced is not a steady flow but rather ramps up at the start of the process and ramps down at the end of the process the combustion chamber must be dimensioned to meet maximum demand.
- the consumption of syngas in the combustion chamber can be balanced over the cycle. Further advantages of the reservoir are detailed below.
- the apparatus may further comprise a second mirror for reflecting sunlight onto a second heat absorbent surface adjacent said reservoir bypass conduit do as to pre heat said syngas passing through said bypass conduit prior to combustion in said combustion chamber.
- a second mirror for reflecting sunlight onto a second heat absorbent surface adjacent said reservoir bypass conduit do as to pre heat said syngas passing through said bypass conduit prior to combustion in said combustion chamber.
- the apparatus comprises a combustion tower housing said combustion chamber and the second heat absorbent surface comprises an external surface of said combustion tower.
- the apparatus according to any preceding claim further comprising a fossil fuel feed line to said burner capable of maintaining a burner pilot and/or, in the absence of sufficient syngas and/or solar heat, providing sufficient fossil fuel for combustion in said burner so as to, in use, create sufficient heat for the oxidation of any syngas entering said combustion chamber.
- the invention further comprises at least one external heat absorbent surface associated therewith and said at last one mirror is arranged to reflect and concentrate sunlight onto said heat absorbing surface, said heat absorbent surface comprising a heat absorbent external layer and a first gas heating conduit adjacent said heat absorbent layer for receiving combustion chamber exhaust gas, said first gas heating conduit in fluid communication with said processing chamber such that, in use, combustion chamber exhaust gas passing adjacent said heat absorbent surface is heated by said reflected sunlight and flows into said process chamber so as to raise the temperature therein.
- a bypass valve operable to either direct exhaust gas from said combustion chamber through said first gas heating conduit or direct exhaust gas from said combustion chamber through a gas heating conduit bypass; wherein said gas heating conduit bypass is separated from said heat absorbent surface by an insulating layer.
- the processing chamber is movable and the heat absorbent surface forms an external surface of said movable processing chamber.
- the external surface of the first and/or second heat absorbing surface may have a surface texture thereon so as to increase its surface area.
- the processing chamber moves, e.g rotates or pivots, during operation as it maximises, at any one time, the surface area exposed to the reflected sunlight and reduces the need for the mirrors to track the movement of the processing chamber.
- the internal surface of the first and/or second heating conduit has a surface texture thereon to induce turbulence in gas flow therethrough thereby increasing heat exchange with said heat absorbent surface.
- the apparatus may further comprise a further at least one mirror for reflecting and concentrating sunlight directly into said combustion chamber so as to raise the temperature within said combustion chamber.
- solar energy can be directly used to raise the syngas temperature to the required 850° plus that is needed for the combustion of syngas to reduce harmful emissions.
- the use of direct solar heating for this process has the further added advantage that it is easier to provide the required residency period of two seconds at the elevated temperature for the syngas to oxidize as when using the combustion of syngas with the aid of a natural gas burner. Since the addition of the natural gas, and oxidant to burn the natural gas, in the combustion chamber will increase the total volume of gas to be burned inside the combustion chamber a larger combustion chamber is needed to accommodate and combust this extra volume. Then elimination, or at worst minimisation, of the natural gas needed hence reduces the volume of the combustion chamber needed to achieve the required residency time.
- solar energy can be directly used to raise the syngas temperature to the required 850° plus that is needed for the combustion of syngas to reduce harmful emissions.
- the use of direct solar heating for this process has the further added advantage that it is easier to provide the required residency period of two seconds at the elevated temperature for the syngas to oxidize as when using the combustion of syngas with the aid of a natural gas burner. Since the addition of the natural gas, and oxidant to burn the natural gas, in the combustion chamber will increase the total volume of gas to be burned inside the combustion chamber a larger combustion chamber is needed to accommodate and combust this extra volume. Then elimination, or at worst minimisation, of the natural gas needed hence reduces the volume of the combustion chamber needed to achieve the required residency time.
- a conduit between said processing chamber and said combustion chamber is arranged to direct syngas into said combustion chamber burner.
- syngas when syngas is available it can be burned in the burner in place of fossil fuel to reduce the fossil fuel needed or, where solar heating is used in the combustion chamber, the syngas can be burned in the burner when there is insufficient solar energy available to raise the combustion chamber to the required combustion temperature.
- the apparatus preferably comprises a combustion chamber exhaust gas outlet for supplying hot exhaust gas to a means of converting heat to electrical energy.
- a method of processing organic waste comprising: placing said organic waste in a processing chamber; reflecting sunlight from a plurality of mirrored surfaces onto a heat absorbent surface so as to raise the temperature within said processing chamber so as to cause the organic waste material to gassify and produce synthetic gas; withdrawing said synthetic gas from said processing chamber and passing it into a combustion chamber where its temperature is raised to sufficient temperature to so as to destroy any volatile organic compounds (VOC's) therein; and re-circulating at least a portion of the combustion chamber exhaust gas back into said processing chamber.
- VOC's volatile organic compounds
- the method includes: diverting at least a portion of said withdrawn syngas into a storage reservoir; and passing the remainder of the syngas into a combustion chamber.
- the method may also comprise feeding syngas from said storage reservoir to said combustion chamber.
- heat from said recycled combustion chamber exhaust gas makes up any shortfall in thermal input from reflected sunlight.
- a portion of the syngas created during sunlight processing cycles is diverted and stored for use as a fuel during the night time (or periods of low solar energy) processing cycle, i.e. the solar energy is converted into chemical energy and is stored in the form of a syngas for use during night time processing cycles where it is converted from chemical energy to thermal energy to drive the processing of the organic waste.
- the size of the combustion chamber can be balanced to the combined night time/daytime processing cycle needs
- the temperature of the syngas in the combustion chamber may be raised in the presence of oxygen to a sufficient temperature to oxidise said synthetic gas.
- the method may comprising introducing fossil fuel into a burner within the combustion chamber to produce a flow of hot combustion chamber exhaust gas sufficient to compensate for any shortfall in reflected sunlight used for heating said processing chamber.
- the method also comprises: controlling the flow of syngas diverted into the reservoir; controlling the flow of syngas from the reservoir into the combustion chamber; and controlling the flow of combustion chamber exhaust gas into the processing chamber; so as to maximise the solar energy used by the process and minimise the fossil fuel burnt in the burner.
- the method may comprise; during sunlight hours, following the method as described above and; during night time hours, introducing syngas from said syngas reservoir into a burner within said combustion chamber so as to: a) create sufficient hot exhaust gas to heat said processing chamber to the required temperature for the gasification of the organic waste therein; and b) raise the temperature within the combustion chamber to a sufficient temperature to destroy any VOC's therein and/or oxidise therein syngas produced in and received from said processing chamber.
- solar energy is used when available to provide heating for the process chamber and optionally pre-heating of the syngas prior to combustion and heating the syngas in the combustion chamber and, when not available, i.e. during a night time processing cycle using fossil fuels to provide the required thermal input to the system.
- the night time cycle may be run at any time when there is insufficient solar energy to provide the required heat and is not restricted to use during night time hours.
- the method may further comprise: if said syngas reservoir becomes depleted below a predetermined threshold, introducing fossil fuel into said burner in said combustion chamber in sufficient quantities to: a) create sufficient hot exhaust gas to heat said processing chamber to the required temperature for the gasification of the organic waste therein; and b) raise the temperature within the combustion chamber to a sufficient temperature to destroy and VOC's therein oxidise therein syngas produced in and received from said processing chamber.
- the method may further comprise: passing combustion chamber exhaust gas adjacent said heat absorbent surface to heat said exhaust gas with said reflected sunlight; and passing said heated gas into said process chamber so as to raise the temperature within said processing chamber.
- the method may further comprise: raising the temperature of said syngas prior to passing it into said combustion chamber by passing said syngas adjacent a second heat absorbent surface; and reflecting sunlight from a second at least one mirrored surface onto said second heat absorbent surface.
- the method may comprise reflecting and concentrating sunlight into said combustion chamber so as to directly heat gasses therein. Reflecting and concentrating sunlight into said combustion chamber may heat the gasses therein to a temperature at which in the presence of oxygen they oxidise. It will be appreciated that the above preferred features may be used in combination with one another.
- FIGs 1 and 2 show schematic diagrams of processes in accordance with the invention
- Figure 3 shows an apparatus for performing the process of Figure 2;
- Figure 4 shows a further schematic diagram of a process in accordance with the invention.
- Figure 5 shows an apparatus for performing the process of Figure 4.
- Figure 6 shows a diagram of the heat exchange surfaces of the apparatus of Figures 3 and 5;
- Figure 7 shows a further schematic diagram of a process in accordance with the invention.
- Figure 8 shows an apparatus for performing the process of Figure 7.
- the apparatus comprises a processing chamber 2 in which waste material containing organic substances is thermally treated.
- the processing chamber 2 may be of a known type which may include a through-process chamber in which a stream of waste material containing organic substances is continuously fed into one end and the char removed from the other or, alternatively, it may be used in a batch processing method wherein waste material is loaded in to the processing chamber 2, is left therein for a period of time, and then is removed from the processing chamber 2.
- the processing chamber 2 is preferably moved during use so as to expose all surfaces of the waste material therein such that they may be processed. Movement may include one or more of rotating or tipping the processing chamber.
- a combustion chamber 4 is connected to an outlet of the processing chamber 2 by conduit 6 which has a valve 8 therein.
- Conduit 6 carries syngas created by the processing of the organic waste material.
- the valve 8 may control one or both of the flow of syngas into the combustion chamber 4 and the back pressure within the processing chamber 2.
- the combustion chamber 4 contains a burner, not shown, in which the syngas is combusted. Oxygen, or an Oxygen containing gas, for example compressed air, is injected into the combustion chamber 4 from supply 10.
- VOC's Volatile Organic Compounds
- the combustion chamber 4 is maintained at a temperature in excess of 850°C. This temperature may be achieved either by the combustion of the syngas itself or alternatively, or in addition, by the combustion of a fossil fuel, in particular natural gas, which is supplied from source 12 through conduit 14 and is controlled by means of valve 16.
- the burner may comprise an afterburner arrangement into which the syngas is introduced.
- An outlet conduit 18 withdraws a proportion of the hot combustion gasses from the combustion chamber 4 and passes these through a first gas heating conduit 20 and from there into the processing chamber 2.
- the flow of hot exhaust gasses from the combustion chamber 4 into the first gas heating conduit is controlled by means of valve 22.
- a solar reflector means 24 reflects sunlight onto an absorbent surface 26 of the first gas heating conduit 20.
- the solar reflector means 24 comprises a mirror which focuses and concentrates the sunlight.
- the mirror may be any one of a number of known high temperature solar collectors for example it may include one or more parabolic troughs, parabolic dishes, Fresnel Reflectors or Linear Fresnel Reflectors.
- the concentrated sunlight imparts thermal energy into the gas passing through the first gas heating conduit 20 thereby increasing its temperature before it passes into the processing chamber 2.
- the thermally heated exhaust gasses impart heat into the organic waste material in the processing chamber 2 causing it to pyrolysis and release synthetic gas.
- a first gas heating conduit bypass 28 having a valve 30 therein allows the hot exhaust gasses taken from the combustion chamber 4 to bypass the first gas heating conduit 20. This bypass would be used in times of low solar energy whereby passing the hot combustion chamber exhaust gas through the first gas heating conduit 20 would result in a heat loss from the absorbent surface thereof. In such conditions, bypassing the gas heating conduit 20 results in hotter gasses being inputted to the processing chamber 2.
- Combustion chamber 4 has an outlet conduit 32 which takes the hot exhaust gasses not re-circulated back into the processing chamber 2 to an energy generation plant.
- the hot exhaust gasses may, for example, be used to create steam to power a steam turbine.
- the inclusion of the solar reflector 24 into the process reduces the volume of natural gas required to maintain the process thereby reducing the environmental impact associated with the use of fossil fuels.
- the flow rates of gas through the various valves is controlled so as to maintain a predetermined temperature and pressure within the processing chamber 2 in order to thermally decompose all the organic matter therein without melting the majority of the metal within the waste.
- metals with very low melting points, for example lead may be melted within the process.
- FIG. 2 a similar system to that of Figure 1 is shown.
- the syngas leaving the processing chamber 2 via conduit 6 being fed directly into the combustion chamber 4
- One or more solar reflectors 24 as described above reflect sunlight onto the heat absorbent surface of the second heating conduit 34 so as to heat the syngas from the processing chamber 2 prior to its introduction to the combustion chamber 4.
- By heating the syngas to close to its combustion temperature prior to adding it into the combustion chamber 4 the amount of energy needed in the combustion chamber 4 to combust it at a temperature in excess of 850°C is thereby reduced, further improving the efficiency of the system.
- the apparatus comprises a processing chamber 2 which is pivotally mounted on to processing chamber mounts 40 such that, in use, it can be pivoted thereon so as to cause any organic waste materials therein to pass from one side of the processing chamber 2 to the other.
- the processing chamber may be of the type described in published patent application WO 2006/100512.
- the conduit 6 connects an outlet of the processing chamber 2 to the combustion chamber 4 and an outlet conduit 18 connects the combustion tower 4 to the processing chamber 2.
- a plurality of solar reflectors 24 reflect light from the sun 42 onto a heat absorbing surface 20 of the processing chamber and a heat absorbing surface 34 of the combustion chamber 4.
- the solar reflectors are shown as parabolic mirrors which may be positioned via positioning means 44 to track the sun so as to reflect solar energy onto the heat absorbing surfaces 20, 34.
- the combustion chamber 34 has a natural gas inlet and an Oxygen inlet, not shown.
- the outlet of the combustion chamber 4 has a valve block 46 which controls the proportion of the hot exhaust gasses from the combustion chamber 34 which are directed through conduit 18 to the processing chamber and through conduit 32 to a power generation means.
- a valve block 46 which controls the proportion of the hot exhaust gasses from the combustion chamber 34 which are directed through conduit 18 to the processing chamber and through conduit 32 to a power generation means.
- FIG. 4 and 5 a schematic diagram and apparatus of a further embodiment of the invention are shown.
- the system is substantially similar to that shown in Figures 2 and 3 except in so far as additional solar reflectors 48 are provided to reflect and concentrate sunlight from the sun 42 directly into the combustion chamber 4 so as to raise the temperature therein.
- the combustion chamber 4 comprises at least one substantially transparent section 50 through which the concentrated sunlight reflected by solar reflectors 48 can pass to enter the combustion chamber 4.
- the syngas exits the processing chamber 2 via conduit 6 and its flow is controlled by valve 8.
- the syngas then passes through the heat exchange panels 34 where it is heated by sunlight reflected by parabolic dishes 24 which reflect and concentrate sunlight onto the heat absorbent surface 36 of the panels 34.
- the preheated syngas then enters the combustion chamber 4 where its temperature is increased to a combustion temperature in excess of 850°C by concentrated sunlight reflected directly into the combustion chamber 4 by parabolic mirrors 48.
- a supply of Oxygen, or Oxygen containing gas 10 is supplied to the combustion chamber with the syngas in sufficient quantities for full oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's) within the syngas to occur within the combustion chamber.
- VOC's Volatile Organic Compounds
- the combustion chamber 4 is also supplied with natural gas from a supply 2 through conduit 14, the supply being controlled by valve 16. At times when there is insufficient sunlight to power the combustion process within the combustion chamber 4 natural gas can be burnt in the combustion chamber 4 so as to increase the temperature therein.
- the remainder of the system operates substantially as described with reference to Figures 2 and 3.
- the system and apparatus shown in Figures 4 and 5 maximise the use of available solar energy and can drastically reduce the amount of fossil fuels that are needed to be consumed to process organic waste material within the processing chamber 2. Furthermore, the excess exhaust gasses from the combustion chamber 4 are used to power an electricity generating means resulting in a waste processing apparatus that transfers solar thermal energy into chemical potential energy within the processing chamber by processing organic waste and then combusts the chemical potential energy within combustion chamber 4 to produce thermal and kinetic energy in exhaust gasses passing through conduit 32 which can then be transferred into electrical potential energy. Accordingly, not only is waste material safely processed but as a by-product of the waste processing cycle electrical energy can be produced with the minimum reliance upon fossil fuels.
- the solar energy can only be used to power the processing of the waste materials during hours of sufficient sunlight. Accordingly, in a second mode of operation the system shown in any one of diagrams 1 ,2 and 4 can, during hours where there is not sufficient sunlight to provide the required thermal energy input, function solely on the thermal energy provided by the combustion or natural gas from source 12 within the combustion chamber.
- FIG. 6 a schematic cross-section of heating panels 20, 34 of the invention is shown.
- the panels are shown in two modes of operation, a night time mode of operation and a daytime mode of operation.
- a night time mode of operation exhaust gasses from the combustion chamber 4 enter the heating panel 52 via conduit 18 and pass through a first gas heating conduit 20 which runs adjacent the absorbent surface 26.
- the heat absorbing surface 26 may have a corrugated or otherwise adapted external surface that increases its surface area.
- the use of an externally textured surface, for example a corrugated surface is especially beneficial when used with moving or rotating processing chambers as it ensures that there are always parts of the surface area which are perpendicular to the light reflected from the solar reflectors thereby enabling maximum heat absorbance.
- the internal surface 54 of the conduit 20 may contain a surface texture that encourages the turbulent flow of exhaust gasses through the conduit 20. By inducing turbulent flow over the internal surface through which heat is absorbed, maximum heat transfer into the flowing gasses is obtained.
- the panel 52 may comprise a large flat conduit 20 or alternatively may comprise a plurality of smaller conduits arranged adjacent to one another substantially over the entire heat absorbent surface 26 of the panel 52. After passing through the conduit 20 the heated exhaust gasses exit the panel 52 via outlet 56 and may thereafter directly enter the processing chamber 2. In some arrangements the outlets surface 58 of the panel 52 may comprise an internal surface of the processing chamber 2.
- a heat absorbing panel may be provided that can be used to receive heat into gas passing therethrough during the hours in which solar energy is available and may thermally insulate exhaust gasses from combustion chamber 4 from the external environment when insufficient solar energy is available to affect heat.
- a storage conduit 62 with a control valve 64 therein branches off the conduit 6 which carries syngas from the processing chamber 2 to the combustion chamber 4 via heat exchange conduit 34.
- the storage conduit 62 feeds into a syngas reservoir in which syngas can be stored.
- a syngas feed line 68 connects the syngas reservoir 66 to the combustion chamber 4.
- the syngas feed line 68 has a valve 70 therein for controlling the feed of syngas from the syngas reservoir 66 into the combustion chamber 4.
- the syngas feed line 68 may feed syngas from the reservoir 66 back into the conduit 6 so that it can travel therein to the combustion chamber 4 or, alternatively, the syngas feed line 68 may lead directly into the combustion chamber 4 without reconnecting with conduit 6.
- syngas feed line 68 leads back into conduit 6
- a valve not shown, is positioned in conduit 6 between the junctions with the storage conduit 62 and the syngas feed line 68.
- syngas exiting the processing chamber 2 via conduit 6 may be directed such that a proportion of the syngas enters the combustion chamber for combustion therein and a proportion of the syngas produced is withdrawn from the conduit 6 and is stored in the syngas reservoir 66 via storage conduit 62.
- the output level of syngas varies in relation to the treatment cycle.
- a low production of syngas is achieved which increases to a maximum production rate of syngas toward the middle of the cycle and, towards the end of the cycle the syngas production rate decreases.
- the syngas reservoir 66 may act as a buffer to withdraw syngas from the system during times of maximum production and to return syngas to the system during times of lower production so as to even the flow of syngas to the combustion chamber 4 throughout the processing cycle.
- syngas drawn from the syngas reservoir 66 may be combusted at a higher or lower rate within a combustion chamber 4 to vary the temperature and flow rate of exhaust gas passing therefrom into the processing chamber 2.
- heat can be quickly supplied to the processing chamber to bring the temperature of the organic containing waste material up to its processing temperature.
- This heating is provided in two manners. Firstly by the rate of syngas and/or natural gas burnt within the combustion chamber and secondly by the amount of solar energy that can be reflected from the solar reflectors 24 on to the heating conduits 20 to increase the temperature of the exhaust gasses from combustion chamber 4.
- the volume of syngas from the reservoir 66 that is being combusted in the combustion chamber 4 can be decreased such that sufficient heat is maintained within the processing chamber 2 for the process to continue.
- syngas production rate within the processing chamber 2 decreases, then additional syngas may be added into the combustion chamber 4 from the syngas reservoir 66 so as to maintain a high enough temperature and flow of exhaust gasses to maintain the production of electricity from the electricity producing means powered by the exhaust gasses supplied by conduit 32. It is anticipated that during the middle period of the processing cycle, when maximum syngas is being produced from the processing chamber, that sufficient syngas will be produced to both power the combustion chamber and to allow for a proportion of the produced syngas to be withdrawn via storage conduit 62 to replenish syngas levels within the reservoir 66.
- the processing chamber 2 produces sufficient excess syngas during hours of sunlight such that a sufficient reserve can be stored within the reservoir 66 such that, at night time, when the solar energy is not available to power the system that a large portion, if not all, of the heating requirement of the combustion chamber 4 can be provided by the combustion therein of syngas from the syngas reservoir 66, in combination with the syngas produced by the processing chamber 2.
- the system can be run during both the night time and daytime with a minimal need for the additional use of fossil fuels.
- the syngas within the reservoir 66 is used to store the solar energy utilised within the process during sunlight hours for conversion back into thermal energy during night time hours.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10785494A EP2507555A1 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2010-11-26 | Gasification system |
US13/513,556 US20120298020A1 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2010-11-26 | Gassification system |
EA201200847A EA201200847A1 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2010-11-26 | Gasification system |
BR112012013108A BR112012013108A2 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2010-11-26 | gasification system. |
IN4902DEN2012 IN2012DN04902A (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2010-11-26 | |
CN201080054988XA CN102656406A (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2010-11-26 | Gasification system |
MX2012006346A MX2012006346A (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2010-11-26 | Gasification system. |
AU2010326436A AU2010326436A1 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2010-11-26 | Gasification system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0921266.3 | 2009-12-04 | ||
GB0921266.3A GB2475889B (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2009-12-04 | Gassification system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011067552A1 true WO2011067552A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
Family
ID=41641938
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2010/002178 WO2011067552A1 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2010-11-26 | Gasification system |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120298020A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2507555A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102656406A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2010326436A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112012013108A2 (en) |
CR (1) | CR20120340A (en) |
EA (1) | EA201200847A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2475889B (en) |
IN (1) | IN2012DN04902A (en) |
MX (1) | MX2012006346A (en) |
TW (1) | TW201139946A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011067552A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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US20130142698A1 (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2013-06-06 | Michael C. Cheiky | System for making renewable fuels |
WO2014031776A3 (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2015-07-23 | Cool Planet Energy Systems, Inc. | System for making renewable fuels |
US9951280B2 (en) | 2011-03-24 | 2018-04-24 | Cool Planet Energy Systems, Inc. | System and method for making renewable fuels |
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MX2010002418A (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2011-09-15 | Univ Mexico Nacional Autonoma | Method and device for mirrors position adjustment of a solar concentrator. |
US8882493B2 (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2014-11-11 | Nexterra Systems Corp. | Control of syngas temperature using a booster burner |
ES2402644B1 (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2014-05-20 | Antonio Pasalodos Cabrero | URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE PROCESSING PLANT FOR FUEL PRODUCTION BY SOLAR THERMAL REACTOR. |
GB201121438D0 (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-01-25 | Qinetiq Ltd | Energy recovery system |
GB2502115B (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2015-04-01 | Chinook End Stage Recycling Ltd | Improvements in waste processing |
WO2013179313A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Wte Waste To Energy Canada, Inc | Advanced sequential batch gasification process |
GB2510642B (en) * | 2013-02-12 | 2016-02-03 | Chinook End Stage Recycling Ltd | Waste processing |
GB2503065B (en) | 2013-02-20 | 2014-11-05 | Recycling Technologies Ltd | Process and apparatus for treating waste comprising mixed plastic waste |
CN113631860A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2021-11-09 | 厄尔·德克尔 | Method and reactor for advanced thermochemical conversion treatment of municipal solid waste |
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- 2010-11-26 IN IN4902DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN04902A/en unknown
- 2010-11-26 CN CN201080054988XA patent/CN102656406A/en active Pending
- 2010-11-26 EP EP10785494A patent/EP2507555A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-11-26 US US13/513,556 patent/US20120298020A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-11-26 WO PCT/GB2010/002178 patent/WO2011067552A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-11-26 BR BR112012013108A patent/BR112012013108A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-11-26 AU AU2010326436A patent/AU2010326436A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-11-26 MX MX2012006346A patent/MX2012006346A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR112012013108A2 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
MX2012006346A (en) | 2012-09-07 |
TW201139946A (en) | 2011-11-16 |
CR20120340A (en) | 2012-09-05 |
GB0921266D0 (en) | 2010-01-20 |
IN2012DN04902A (en) | 2015-09-25 |
GB2475889A (en) | 2011-06-08 |
CN102656406A (en) | 2012-09-05 |
AU2010326436A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
US20120298020A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
EP2507555A1 (en) | 2012-10-10 |
GB2475889B (en) | 2012-06-20 |
EA201200847A1 (en) | 2012-11-30 |
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