WO2011063708A1 - 多中继正交频分复用系统的资源分配方法和装置 - Google Patents
多中继正交频分复用系统的资源分配方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
- H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
- H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/022—Site diversity; Macro-diversity
- H04B7/026—Co-operative diversity, e.g. using fixed or mobile stations as relays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
- H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
- H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
- H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0032—Distributed allocation, i.e. involving a plurality of allocating devices, each making partial allocation
- H04L5/0033—Distributed allocation, i.e. involving a plurality of allocating devices, each making partial allocation each allocating device acting autonomously, i.e. without negotiation with other allocating devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0037—Inter-user or inter-terminal allocation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
- H04L5/006—Quality of the received signal, e.g. BER, SNR, water filling
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- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
- H04L5/0064—Rate requirement of the data, e.g. scalable bandwidth, data priority
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/022—Channel estimation of frequency response
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
- H04W52/42—TPC being performed in particular situations in systems with time, space, frequency or polarisation diversity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0473—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being transmission power
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of wireless network communication technologies, and in particular, to a resource allocation technique in a multi-relay orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system. Background technique
- the basic model of the relay network in the wireless communication system is as shown in FIG.
- the relay network shown in FIG. 1 includes: a source node, a relay node, and a target node.
- the primary signal transmission process from the source node to the target node is completed by two time slots.
- the source node broadcasts a signal
- the relay node and the target node listen to the signal sent by the source node
- the relay node listens to the source node.
- the signal is decoded first, and the decoded signal is sent to the target node with a certain power in the second time slot, and the target node performs joint processing on the signals respectively received from the first time slot and the second time slot.
- the relay-based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system uses relay technology and OFDM technology.
- the existing resource allocation methods mainly include the following two methods: Method 1.
- Method 1 A resource allocation method based on the same principle of subcarriers, that is, a subcarrier and a relay node that a source node sends a signal to a relay node
- the subcarriers that send signals to the target node are the same.
- Method 2 A resource allocation method based on the subcarrier energy pairing principle, that is, a subcarrier with the strongest energy in the previous hop is matched, and the subcarrier with the strongest energy in the previous hop is matched. The sub-carrier with the second strongest energy, and so on.
- the resource allocation method and apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present invention can optimize system performance.
- the resource allocation includes: at least two of subcarrier power allocation, relay selection, and subcarrier pairing; the mathematical optimization problem is based on channel information using end-to-end transmission rate optimization principles for subcarrier power allocation, relay selection, and subcarrier pairing settings Mathematical optimization problem;
- Signal transmission is performed according to the resource allocation parameter.
- An obtaining module configured to acquire actual channel information
- a resource allocation module configured to acquire a resource allocation parameter according to a mathematical optimization problem based on actual channel information, where the resource allocation parameter includes: at least two of subcarrier power allocation, relay selection, and subcarrier pairing;
- the mathematical optimization problem is a mathematical optimization problem based on channel information using an end-to-end transmission rate optimization principle for subcarrier power allocation, relay selection, and subcarrier pairing;
- a transmission module configured to perform signal transmission according to the resource allocation parameter.
- the mathematical optimization problem is set for the subcarrier power allocation, the relay selection, and the subcarrier pairing by using the end-to-end transmission rate optimization principle, and the subcarrier power allocation and the relay selection are obtained by solving the mathematical optimization problem. And at least two of the subcarrier pairings, using the obtained resource allocation parameters for signal transmission can improve the end-to-end transmission rate, thereby optimizing system performance.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a relay network in a wireless communication system
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a resource allocation method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an OFDM system including a relay network to which the resource allocation method according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention is applied;
- 5 is a flowchart of a resource allocation method according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
- 6 is a flowchart of a resource allocation method according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a resource allocation apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram showing the first structure of a resource allocation module according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a resource allocation module according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7C is a third schematic structural diagram of a resource allocation module according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of relay nodes in the simulation process
- Figure 9 is a schematic diagram 1 of the end-to-end transmission rate obtained by simulation.
- Figure 10 is a second comparison of the end-to-end transmission rate obtained by simulation. detailed description
- Embodiment 1 A resource allocation method. The flow of the method is shown in Figure 2.
- S200 obtaining actual channel information.
- the actual channel information here may be the equivalent channel gain of each subcarrier.
- the process of obtaining actual channel information may be: first acquiring channel coefficients of each subcarrier, and then calculating channel equivalents of each subcarrier by using channel coefficients of each subcarrier.
- the resource allocation parameters herein include: at least two of subcarrier power allocation, relay selection, and subcarrier pairing, where the mathematical optimization problem is based on channel information using end-to-end transmission rate optimization principle for subcarrier power allocation, relay selection.
- the end-to-end transmission rate optimization principle can be specifically defined as the principle of maximum end-to-end transmission rate.
- the resource allocation method is mainly described by taking the end-to-end transmission rate optimization principle as the maximum end-to-end transmission rate principle as an example.
- the mathematical optimization problem based on the actual channel information is the mathematical optimization problem obtained after substituting the acquired actual channel information into the mathematical optimization problem.
- the resource allocation parameter is obtained according to the mathematical optimization problem based on the actual channel information, that is, the mathematical optimization problem of substituting the actual channel information is solved.
- the mathematical optimization problem is set for subcarrier power allocation, relay selection, and subcarrier pairing, so at least the subcarrier power allocation, relay selection, and subcarrier pairing that maximize the end-to-end transmission rate can be obtained from the solution result.
- the mathematical optimization problem can be solved in the form of a dual function, that is, the mathematical optimization problem is converted into a form of a dual function, and the converted dual function is solved; of course, this embodiment can also be used.
- This embodiment does not limit the specific implementation process for solving the mathematical optimization problem.
- N is the number of subcarriers of the OFDM symbol, and N is greater than or equal to 1;
- K is the number of relay nodes, and K is greater than or equal to 2;
- the transmission rate of the subcarriers may also be referred to as the end-to-end mutual information of the cooperative transmission performed by the relay node on the subcarrier pairing, and the unit of the end-to-end mutual information may be a Nats/OFDM signal;
- ⁇ represents a constraint on the mathematical optimization problem, where 1 "selects the restriction bar for the relay
- P s is the total transmit power of the source node, which is the total transmit power of the relay node k.
- Equation (2) the power of the subcarrier i from the source node to the relay node k
- A. 2 represents the power of the relay node k to the subcarrier i of the target node
- % is the source
- the equivalent channel gain of the subcarrier i from the node to the target node is the equivalent channel gain from the source node to the subcarrier i of the relay node k
- « 2 is the equivalent of the subcarrier i from the relay k to the target node.
- Channel gain the above % can be expressed as:
- the above °3 ⁇ 4, 2 can be expressed as: called ⁇ , is the channel coefficient of the subcarrier i from the source node to the target node
- ⁇ is the channel coefficient of the subcarrier i from the source node to the relay node k
- ⁇ is the channel coefficient from the relay node k to the subcarrier i of the target node
- ⁇ ⁇ is the relay node The noise variance of k.
- the transmission rate obtained by using the above formula (3) is basically connected to the optimal capacity, that is, the highest transmission rate.
- the mathematical optimization problem in this embodiment is a mathematical optimization problem for joint optimization of subcarrier pairing, relay selection and subcarrier power allocation.
- the optimization objectives of the mathematical optimization problem include: In the limited case, maximize the end-to-end transmission rate.
- ⁇ is the dual variable of the dual function
- P is the value range of the subcarrier power allocation
- each value in the value domain is a function of P and t
- D is The value range consisting of P and t
- P is the original variable of subcarrier power allocation
- t is the original variable of the relay selection
- P is the original variable of the subcarrier pairing
- ⁇ is related to the power constraint condition of the source node and the power limit condition of the relay node.
- A ( ⁇ ' ⁇ '-' ⁇ ) ⁇ 0 , where A is the dual variable vector of the source node, which is the relay node
- the dual variable vector of 1 is the Lagrange function of the dual variable vector of the relay node k, t, p, p ⁇ v , t , P and .
- the process of solving the dual function can be: first determine the dual variable value of the dual function, then calculate the optimal original variable of the dual function in the value of the dual variable, and obtain the optimal original variable to solve the mathematical optimization problem. result.
- the value of the dual variable here can be the optimal value of the dual variable, that is, the optimal pair.
- the even variable can also be the initial value of the dual variable.
- the initial value of the dual variable is the value that is initialized for the dual variable.
- the first specific example of the process for obtaining the resource allocation parameter according to the mathematical optimization problem based on the actual channel information in S210 may be: First, in the case of a given subcarrier pairing and a given relay selection, from the actual channel information based Obtaining the optimal subcarrier power allocation in the mathematical optimization problem; since the mathematical optimization problem in this embodiment is set for the subcarrier power allocation, subcarrier pairing, and relay selection, therefore, given two resource allocation parameters In the case of the mathematical optimization problem, the optimal value of the third resource allocation parameter can be obtained; then, in the case of the given subcarrier pairing and the optimal subcarrier power allocation obtained above, the mathematics based on the actual channel information Obtain the optimal relay selection in the optimization problem; then, in the case of the optimal subcarrier power allocation and the optimal relay selection obtained above, obtain the optimal subcarrier pairing from the mathematical optimization problem based on the actual channel information, for example , using the Hungarian algorithm to obtain the optimal subcarrier pairing.
- the above-mentioned given subcarrier pairing and given relay selection can
- the optimal subcarrier pairing, optimal relay selection, and optimal subcarrier power allocation in the first specific example are dual functions in the dual variable.
- the current value of the dual variable can be either the initialization value of the dual variable or the optimal dual variable.
- the first specific example may further include: determining the optimal subcarrier pairing, optimal relay selection, and optimality based on the foregoing Whether the dual variable of the dual function of the subcarrier power allocation converges, if not, update the dual variable, for example, update the dual variable according to the gradient algorithm or the subgradient algorithm, and then reacquire the optimal subordination based on the updated dual variable. Carrier pairing, optimal relay selection, and optimal subcarrier power allocation until the dual variable converges.
- the currently obtained optimal original variables ie, optimal subcarrier pairing, optimal relay selection, and optimal subcarrier power allocation
- the convergent dual variable is the optimal dual variable of the dual function.
- the first specific example may further include: correcting by using optimal relay selection and optimal subcarrier pairing optimal subcarrier power allocation. That is, if the dual gap is ignored in the calculation of the optimal original variable of the first specific example, then After obtaining the optimal original variable of the dual function on the optimal dual variable, the optimal subcarrier power distribution and the optimal subcarrier pairing original variable can be used to calculate the optimal subcarrier power distribution. The original variables are corrected to make subcarrier power allocation more accurate.
- the complexity of the first specific example above is the multi-item level of the number of hop subcarriers and the number of relay nodes.
- a second specific example of the process for obtaining the resource allocation parameter according to the mathematical optimization problem based on the actual channel information in S210 may be: First, in the case where the known subcarrier power equalization and the given subcarrier are paired, the actual channel information is based on The optimal relay selection is obtained in the mathematical optimization problem; the sub-carrier power equalization is that the power of each sub-carrier is the same for one transmitting node. Since the mathematical optimization problem in this embodiment is set for the subcarrier power allocation, the subcarrier pairing, and the relay selection, therefore, in the case where the known subcarrier power is equally allocated and a resource allocation parameter is given, The optimal value of the third resource allocation parameter is obtained from the mathematical optimization problem.
- optimal subcarrier pairing can be obtained from the mathematical optimization problem based on actual channel information.
- the above-mentioned given subcarrier pairing can be set by using initialization or random allocation. This embodiment does not limit the specific setting manner of pairing carrier carriers.
- the optimal subcarrier pairing, optimal relay selection, and subcarrier power equal distribution in the second specific example are the dual functions of the dual function.
- the current value of the dual variable can be the initialization value of the dual variable.
- the second specific example above is to jointly optimize the relay selection and subcarrier pairing based on the equal allocation of the preset subcarrier power. Since the second specific example above can not perform the fall process of the dual variable, the complexity of the second concrete example is much lower than the complexity of the first specific example.
- a third specific example of the process for obtaining the resource allocation parameter according to the mathematical optimization problem based on the actual channel information in S210 may be: First, in the case of known subcarrier pairing and given relay selection, from the actual channel information based Obtaining the optimal subcarrier power allocation in the mathematical optimization problem; since the mathematical optimization problem in this embodiment is set for the subcarrier power allocation, the subcarrier pairing, and the relay selection, therefore, the subcarrier pairing and the given subcarrier are known.
- the optimal value of the third resource allocation parameter can be obtained from the mathematical optimization problem.
- optimal relay selection can be obtained from mathematical optimization problems based on actual channel information.
- the above given relay selection can be set by initialization or random allocation. This embodiment does not limit the specific setting mode of a given relay selection.
- the optimal relay selection and the optimal subcarrier power allocation in the third specific example are the most common values of the dual function in the dual value. Excellent original variable.
- the current value of the dual variable can be the initial value of the dual variable or the optimal dual variable.
- the third specific example may further include: determining based on the known subcarrier pairing, optimal relay selection, and optimal subcarrier. Whether the dual variable of the dual function of the power distribution converges, if not, update the dual variable, for example, update the dual variable according to the gradient algorithm or the sub-gradient algorithm, and then regain the optimal relay selection based on the updated dual variable. And optimal subcarrier power allocation until the dual variable converges. That is to say, when it is judged that the dual variable converges, the currently acquired optimal original variables (ie, optimal relay selection and optimal subcarrier power allocation) are solutions to the mathematical optimization problem.
- the convergent dual variable is the optimal dual variable of the dual function.
- the foregoing third specific example may further include: performing correction by using an optimal relay selection and a known subcarrier pairing optimal subcarrier power allocation. That is to say, if the dual gap is ignored in the calculation of the optimal original variable of the third specific example, after the optimal original variable of the dual function on the optimal dual variable is obtained, the calculated maximum can be utilized.
- the optimal relay selection original variable and the known subcarrier pairing original variable in the optimization variable correct the optimal subcarrier power allocation original variable to make the subcarrier power allocation more accurate.
- the third specific example above is based on the joint optimization of the relay selection and the subcarrier power allocation based on the preset fixed subcarrier pairing. Since the subcarrier pairing in the original variable of the above third specific example is known, the process of obtaining the subcarrier pairing is omitted, so that the complexity of the third specific example is slightly lower than that of the first specific example. degree.
- the result obtained by the solution can be used for signal transmission. For example, performing signal transmission according to optimal subcarrier pairing, optimal relay selection, and optimal subcarrier power allocation; for example, performing signal transmission according to optimal subcarrier pairing, optimal relay selection, and equalization of subcarrier power; For example, based on known subcarrier pairing, optimal relay selection and optimal Subcarrier power allocation for signal transmission.
- S220 can use the existing signal transmission operation to implement signal transmission by using the resource allocation parameter obtained by the solution. This embodiment does not limit the specific implementation process of using the resource allocation parameter for signal transmission.
- the execution body of the first embodiment may be a source node or a relay node.
- Embodiment 2 Resource allocation method.
- the OFDM system including the relay network to which the method is applicable is as shown in FIG. 3, and the flow of the method is as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows an OFDM system based on two-hop multi-relay cooperation of the amplify-forward AF protocol.
- the OFDM system comprises: a source node S, f relay nodes, i.e., 1 ⁇ and a target node D.
- the source node S performs OFDM-based communication with the target node D through the relay nodes.
- 3 includes + 1 channel, 2 + 1 channel bandwidth can be set to be the same, and each channel experiences independent frequency selective fading.
- Each channel is logically divided into W parallel orthogonal subcarriers with flat fading on each subcarrier.
- the subcarriers from the source node S to the relay nodes are the first hop subcarriers, and the subcarriers from the relay nodes to the target node are the second hop subcarriers.
- Each of the relay nodes in Figure 3 operates in half-duplex mode and uses the AF protocol.
- the communication between the source node S and the destination node D is divided into thousands of frames, each frame consisting of several OFDM symbols, and each frame is further divided into two slots.
- the source node S transmits a signal on all subcarriers, and the target node D and all the relay nodes listen to the channel.
- each relay node amplifies the signals received from the respective subcarriers, and forwards the amplified signals to the target node D.
- the relay node receives the signal sent by the source node S on the first hop subcarrier '', the relay node f amplifies the signal, and the amplified signal in the second time slot is in the second hop subcarrier/ 'Upload to target node D.
- the first hop subcarrier ⁇ and the second hop subcarrier may be the same or different, and the first hop subcarrier and the second hop subcarrier ⁇ ' constitute a subcarrier pairing ( '').
- each subcarrier pairing can only be assigned to one relay node, and one relay node can be assigned multiple subcarrier pairs. In the extreme case of only one relay node, the relay node is assigned all subcarrier pairs.
- the target node At the end of each frame, the target node combines the signals received in the two slots and performs optimal detection to obtain the frame sent by the source node S.
- the subcarrier pairing assigned to the relay node shown in FIG. 3 is: (first hop subcarrier 2, second The hop subcarrier 1) and (the first hop subcarrier 3, the second hop subcarrier 6), and the subcarriers allocated to the relay node R 2 are paired as: (first hop subcarrier 5, second hop subcarrier 7)
- the subcarriers allocated to the relay node R k are: (first hop subcarrier 1, second hop subcarrier 8), (first hop subcarrier 4, second hop subcarrier 4), and (first hop) Subcarrier 7, second hop subcarrier 3)
- subcarrier pairing assigned to relay node R K is: (first hop subcarrier 6, second hop subcarrier 5) and (first hop subcarrier 9, first Two-hop subcarrier 2).
- S400 Acquire actual channel information, that is, acquire channel information of all subcarriers.
- the channel information acquired in S400 is: an equivalent channel gain of each subcarrier obtained by channel coefficient calculation.
- the equivalent channel gain of each subcarrier may include: an equivalent channel gain of the subcarrier i between the source node S and the relay node k, that is, an equivalent channel gain of the first hop subcarrier i, and a relay node k and target node
- the equivalent channel gain of the subcarrier i between D that is, the equivalent channel gain of the second hop subcarrier i ⁇ *, 2 , and the subcarrier directly connected between the source node S and the target node D without any relay node i equivalent channel increase
- the channel coefficient of the first hop subcarrier f of the relay node is the channel coefficient of the second hop subcarrier of the relay node, and the source node S to the destination node D are directly connected without passing through any relay node.
- the channel coefficient on the subcarrier, '-e ⁇ l, ⁇ , N ⁇ , N is the number of subcarriers from the source node to all relay nodes, is the noise variance of the first relay node, and is the noise variance of the target node.
- e ⁇ l , ⁇ is the number of relay nodes.
- the dual function in S400 is obtained according to the mathematical optimization problem, which is described as: How to set subcarrier power allocation, relay selection and subcarrier pairing to maximize the transmission rate between the source node and the target node.
- the above mathematical optimization problems include: relay selection restriction conditions, subcarrier pairing restriction conditions, source node power restriction conditions, and relay node power limitation conditions.
- the relay selection restriction condition is that a pair of subcarriers can only be assigned to one relay node.
- the subcarrier pairing constraint condition is that one first hop subcarrier can only be paired with one second hop subcarrier.
- the source node power constraint condition is that the sum of the transmit powers of all the first hop subcarriers does not exceed the total transmit power of the source node.
- Relay node power limit condition is a relay section The sum of the transmit powers of all the second hop subcarriers at the point does not exceed the total transmit power of the relay node.
- Subcarrier pairing constraint Equation (8) where N is the number of first hop subcarriers and also the number of second hop subcarriers, ⁇ ' ⁇ 1 ⁇ , which can be a binary variable representing the first hop subcarrier ''and The second hop subcarrier pairing indicates that the first hop subcarrier '' is not paired with the second hop subcarrier.
- Source node power limit conditions Equation (9) where N is the number of first hop subcarriers of the relay node k, K is the number of relay nodes, and v ; 1 is the power of the source node transmitting the subcarrier i to the relay node k, which is the source node Total transmit power.
- Relay node power limit conditions Equation (10) where N is the number of second hop subcarriers of the relay node k, and the number of the first hop subcarriers of the relay node k is the same as the number of the second hop subcarriers, and is paired with the first hop subcarrier i
- the second hop subcarrier i the source node transmits the power of the subcarrier 1 to the relay node k, which is the total transmit power of the source node.
- the formula representation of the mathematical optimization problem in S400 can be as shown in the above formula (1), and the description will not be repeated here.
- the carrier power allocation P needs to satisfy the formula (9) and the formula (10).
- the relay selection t requires the formula (7).
- the subcarrier pairing p needs to satisfy the formula (8).
- the mathematical optimization problem in this embodiment is a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem.
- S410 Initialize a dual variable, that is, set an initial value of the dual variable.
- the preset default value can be used as the initial value of the dual variable, or the initial value of the dual variable ⁇ can be randomly generated. This embodiment does not limit the specific entity process for initializing the dual variable ⁇ .
- the specific implementation process of S420 includes:
- the given subcarrier pairing original variable and the given relay to select the original variable optimize the subcarrier power allocation original variable.
- the given subcarrier matching original variable and the given relay selection original variable can be set by initialization or random allocation.
- Set the subcarrier pairing ( ⁇ , ⁇ ') to be assigned to the relay node ie ⁇ ','" 1 , ⁇ ' ⁇ 1 , then the optimal subcarrier power allocation original variable can pass the following formula ( 11 ) Solve for:
- Equation (13) The above formula (12) and formula (13) are as shown in the following formula (14):
- H is as shown in the following formula (16):
- Equation (17) On the basis of equation (15), for the given subcarrier paired with the original variable P, the optimal relay selection original variable t' can be found.
- equation (16) or equation (17) defines the best criterion for relay selection. When there are multiple relay nodes capable of maximizing, then one relay node can be randomly selected for the subcarrier pairing in the plurality of relay nodes.
- Hi ' H i,i', i,n , ⁇ is a value range of 7 .
- the optimal subcarrier pairing original variable may be as shown in the following formula (20):
- Formula (20) Substituting the optimal original variable ⁇ 5 ⁇ into equation (6) gives a dual function based on the optimal original variable.
- the dual function based on the optimal original variable obtained according to the above uses a gradient algorithm or a sub-gradient algorithm to determine whether the current dual variable converges. If the judgment result is convergence, then to S440, otherwise,
- the existing convergence determination method can be used to determine whether the dual variable converges.
- This embodiment does not limit the specific judgment process for determining whether the current dual variable converges.
- the optimal subcarrier power allocation original variable may be inaccurate and needs to be corrected.
- the optimal subcarrier power allocation original variable P can be utilized and updated, and the updated optimal subcarrier power allocation original variable P satisfies the subcarrier power limiting condition and the source node power limiting condition in the above mathematical optimization problem.
- a specific example of correcting the optimal subcarrier power allocation original variable is: Using the existing resource allocation method considering only the subcarrier power allocation, the optimal subcarrier power allocation original variable is positive.
- the optimal subcarrier power allocation original variable that is not corrected can basically be considered as the optimal solution. It is not difficult to prove that if the optimal subcarrier power allocation original variable is corrected when the number of subcarriers N is sufficiently large, the modified optimal subcarrier power allocation original variable expression is expressed by the above formula (12) and formula (13). )basically the same.
- a gradient algorithm or a sub-gradient algorithm can be used to calculate the sub-gradient of the dual variable. This embodiment is not limited to the specific implementation of calculating the sub-gradient of the dual variable.
- Embodiment 3 Resource allocation method. This method is a resource allocation method in the case where the power allocation of each subcarrier is equal, that is, a resource allocation method based on equal subcarrier power allocation. The flow of the method is shown in Figure 5.
- S500 obtains actual channel information, that is, acquires channel information of all subcarriers.
- the channel information acquired in the S500 is: an equivalent channel gain of each subcarrier obtained by the channel coefficient calculation.
- the equivalent channel gain of each subcarrier may include: an equivalent channel gain of the subcarrier i between the source node S and the relay node k, that is, an equivalent channel gain of the first hop subcarrier i 0 ⁇ , 1 , a relay node k and target node
- all transmitting nodes i.e., source nodes and relay nodes
- A independent power limiting condition
- the specific implementation process of the S520 includes: optimizing the relay selection by pairing the original variables with the given subcarriers and calculating the obtained subcarrier power distribution average.
- the calculated subcarrier power allocation average is as shown in the following formula (21):
- N N Equation (21) Substitutes the formula (21) into the ', in the formula (6), and then, pairs the original variable for the given subcarrier
- the optimal relay selection original variable t' is also substituted into the formula (6), and the Hungarian algorithm is used to obtain the optimal subcarrier pairing original variable, so as to obtain the optimal function of the dual function at the currently given dual variable.
- This embodiment does not need to perform convergence judgment for the dual variable, and further does not need to update the current value of the dual variable.
- the complexity of the third embodiment is ⁇ W 3 ).
- Embodiment 4 Resource allocation method. This method is a resource allocation method in the case where pairing of subcarriers is known, that is, a resource allocation method based on pre-fixed subcarrier pairing. The flow of the method is as shown in the drawing
- S600 Acquire actual channel information, that is, acquire channel information of all subcarriers.
- the channel information acquired in S600 is: an equivalent channel gain of each subcarrier obtained by channel coefficient calculation.
- the equivalent channel gain of each subcarrier may include: an equivalent channel gain of the subcarrier i between the source node S and the relay node k, that is, an equivalent channel gain of the first hop subcarrier i", 1 , a relay node k and target node
- the equivalent channel gain of the subcarrier i between D that is, the equivalent channel gain of the second hop subcarrier i ⁇ *, 2 , and the subcarrier directly connected between the source node S and the target node D without any relay node i equivalent channel increase
- initializing the dual variable ⁇ that is, setting the initial value of the dual variable.
- the preset default value can be used as the initial value of the dual variable P, or the initial value of the dual variable P can be randomly generated. This embodiment does not limit the specific entity process for initializing the dual variable P.
- the specific implementation process of the S620 includes:
- the optimal subcarrier power allocation original variable can be obtained by solving 4 ''" ⁇ , ⁇ . 2.
- optimize the relay selection that is, obtain the optimal relay selection original variable.
- S630 Determine, according to the dual function based on the optimal subcarrier power allocation original variable, the optimal relay selection original variable, and the given subcarrier pair, whether the current dual variable is converged by using a gradient algorithm or a subgradient algorithm. If the result of the determination is convergence, then go to S640, otherwise, go to S650.
- the existing convergence judgment method can be used to determine whether the dual variable converges.
- This embodiment does not limit the specific judgment process for judging whether the currently given dual variable converges.
- a gradient algorithm or a subgradient algorithm can be used to calculate the sub-gradient of the dual variable. This embodiment is not limited to the specific implementation of calculating the sub-gradient of the dual variable.
- the fourth embodiment requires the ⁇ step to update the dual variable, and the complexity of the relay selection and power allocation for each step is ⁇ ( ⁇ «), the overall complexity of the fourth embodiment is Od" +1 ).
- Embodiment 5 Resource allocation device.
- the structure of the device is shown in Figure 7.
- the resource allocation device in Fig. 7 may be a source node in a multi-relay orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system or a relay node in a multi-relay orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system.
- the apparatus of Figure 7 includes: an acquisition module 700, a resource allocation module 710, and a transmission module 720.
- the obtaining module 700 is configured to acquire actual channel information.
- the actual channel information here may be the equivalent channel gain of each subcarrier.
- a specific example of the obtaining module 700 for obtaining the actual channel information may be: the obtaining module 700 first acquires channel coefficients of each subcarrier, and then the obtaining module 700 calculates the equivalent channel gain of each subcarrier by using channel coefficients of each subcarrier.
- the resource allocation module 710 is configured to obtain resource allocation parameters according to a mathematical optimization problem based on actual channel information, where the resource allocation parameters include: at least two of subcarrier power allocation, relay selection, and subcarrier pairing; mathematical optimization problem herein A mathematical optimization problem for subcarrier power allocation, relay selection, and subcarrier pairing based on channel information using end-to-end transmission rate optimization principles.
- the end-to-end transmission rate optimization principle here can be embodied as the maximum end-to-end transmission rate principle.
- the resource allocation device will be described mainly by taking the principle of end-to-end transmission rate optimization as the maximum end-to-end transmission rate.
- the resource allocation module 710 can obtain the subcarrier power allocation, relay selection, and sub-interval that maximize the end-to-end transmission rate from the result of the solution. At least two of the carrier pairs.
- the resource allocation module 710 can solve the above mathematical optimization problem in the form of a dual function, and can also solve the above mathematical optimization problem by other methods.
- the resource allocation module 710 may store a mathematical optimization problem, or may store a dual function converted from a mathematical optimization problem. This embodiment does not limit the specific implementation process of the resource allocation module 710 for solving the mathematical optimization problem.
- the mathematical optimization problem and the dual function in the present embodiment are as described in the above-described first to fourth embodiments, and will not be described in detail herein.
- a specific example of the resource allocation module 710 for solving the dual function may be: the resource allocation module 710 first determines the dual variable value of the dual function, and then the resource allocation module 710 calculates the optimal original variable of the dual function on the value of the dual variable, the resource.
- the optimal original variable obtained by the allocation module 710 is the result of solving the mathematical optimization problem.
- the value of the dual variable here can be the optimal value of the dual variable, that is, the optimal dual variable, or the initial value of the dual variable.
- the initial value of the dual variable is the value that is initialized for the dual variable.
- the resource allocation module 710 can perform signal transmission according to the optimal original variable.
- the resource allocation module 710 in FIG. 7A includes: a first allocation submodule 711, a second allocation submodule 712, and a third allocation submodule 713.
- the resource allocation apparatus may further include: any one or two of the first convergence module and the first modification module.
- the first allocation sub-module 71 1 is configured to obtain an optimal sub-carrier power allocation from a mathematical optimization problem based on actual channel information in the case of a given sub-carrier pairing and a given relay selection.
- the first allocation sub-module 711 can set the given subcarrier pairing and the given relay selection by means of initialization or random allocation. This embodiment does not limit the specific implementation manner in which the first allocation sub-module 711 sets the sub-carrier carrier pairing and the given relay selection.
- the second allocation sub-module 712 is configured to obtain the optimal relay selection from the mathematical optimization problem based on the actual channel information in the case of the azimuth carrier pairing and the optimal subcarrier power allocation acquired by the first allocation sub-module 711.
- the third allocation sub-module 713 is configured to perform mathematics based on actual channel information in the case of the optimal sub-carrier power allocation acquired by the first distribution sub-module 71 1 and the optimal relay selection acquired by the second distribution sub-module 712 Get the optimal subcarrier pairing in the optimization problem.
- the optimal subcarrier pairing, optimal relay selection, and optimal subcarrier obtained by the first allocation submodule 711, the second allocation submodule 712, and the third allocation submodule 713 when the mathematical optimization problem is expressed in the form of a dual function
- the power distribution is the optimal original variable of the dual function on the current value of the dual variable.
- the current value of the dual variable can be the initial value of the dual variable or the optimal dual variable.
- the first convergence module in the resource allocation device needs to determine the above-mentioned optimality.
- the first convergence module updates the dual variable, for example, the first convergence module according to the gradient algorithm or the subgradient algorithm Updating the dual variable, then, the first allocation sub-module 711, the second assigning sub-module 712, and the third assigning sub-module 713 re-acquire optimal sub-carrier pairing, optimal relay selection, and most based on the updated dual variable.
- the subcarrier power is allocated until the first convergence module determines that the dual variable converges.
- the optimal original variables currently acquired by the first allocation sub-module 711, the second distribution sub-module 712, and the third distribution sub-module 713 are solutions to the mathematical optimization problem.
- the convergent dual variable is the optimal dual variable of the dual function.
- the first repair in the resource allocation device can correct the optimal subcarrier power allocation by using optimal subcarrier pairing and optimal relay selection to make the subcarrier power allocation more accurate.
- a specific example of the operations performed by the first allocation sub-module 711, the second distribution sub-module 712, the third distribution sub-module 713, the first convergence module, and the first correction module is as described in the foregoing second embodiment, and is not repeated here. Description.
- FIG. 7B A second specific example of the structure of the resource allocation module 710 is shown in Figure 7B.
- the resource allocation module 710 in FIG. 7B includes: a fourth allocation sub-module 714 and a fifth allocation sub-module 715.
- the fourth allocation sub-module 714 is configured to obtain an optimal relay selection from a mathematical optimization problem based on actual channel information in the case of equal-subcarrier carrier pairing and sub-carrier power allocation.
- the subcarrier power equalization is that for each transmitting node, the power of each subcarrier is the same.
- the fourth allocation submodule 714 can set the paired carrier pairing by means of initialization or random allocation. This embodiment does not limit the specific implementation manner in which the fourth allocation submodule 714 sets the pairing of the carrier carriers.
- the fourth allocation sub-module 714 may also initialize the dual variable ⁇ , and the fourth allocation sub-module 714 may use the preset default value as the initial value of the dual variable, or may be random. Generate an initial value for the dual variable. This embodiment does not limit the fourth entity submodule 714 to initialize the specific entity process of the dual variable ⁇ .
- the fifth allocation sub-module 715 is configured to obtain an optimal sub-carrier pairing from the mathematical optimization problem based on the actual channel information in the case of the sub-carrier power equalization and the optimal relay selection obtained by the fourth allocation sub-module 714.
- the optimal relay selection and the optimal subcarrier pairing acquired by the fourth allocation submodule 714 and the fifth allocation submodule 715 may be based on the initial value of the dual variable. acquired.
- a specific example of the operations performed by the fourth allocation sub-module 714 and the fifth distribution sub-module 715 is as described in the third embodiment above, and the description thereof will not be repeated here.
- the resource allocation module 710 in Figure 7C includes: a sixth allocation sub-module 716 and a seventh allocation sub-module 717.
- the resource allocation device may further include: any one or two of the second convergence module and the second modification module.
- the sixth allocation sub-module 716 is configured to obtain an optimal sub-carrier power allocation from a mathematical optimization problem based on actual channel information in the case of known sub-carrier pairing and given relay selection.
- the sixth allocation sub-module 716 can set a given relay selection by means of initialization or random allocation. This embodiment does not limit the specific implementation manner in which the sixth allocation sub-module 716 sets a given relay selection.
- the seventh allocation sub-module 717 is configured to obtain an optimal relay selection from a mathematical optimization problem based on actual channel information in the case of the known subcarrier pairing and the optimal subcarrier power allocation acquired by the sixth allocation submodule.
- the optimal relay selection and the optimal subcarrier power allocation obtained by the sixth allocation submodule 716 and the seventh allocation submodule 717 are the dual values of the dual function on the current value of the dual variable.
- the current value of the dual variable can be the initial value of the dual variable or the optimal dual variable.
- the second convergence module in the resource allocation device needs to determine the optimal sub-carrier pairing based on the above-mentioned known sub-carrier pairing.
- the second convergence module updates the dual variable, for example, the second convergence module updates the dual variable according to the gradient algorithm or the sub-gradient algorithm, and then, the sixth The allocation sub-module 716 and the seventh allocation sub-module 717 re-acquire the optimal relay selection and the optimal sub-carrier power allocation on the basis of the updated dual variable until the second convergence module determines that the dual variable converges. That is to say, when the second convergence module determines that the dual variable converges, the optimal original variables currently acquired by the sixth allocation sub-module 716 and the seventh distribution sub-module 717 are solutions to the mathematical optimization problem.
- the convergent dual variable is the optimal dual variable of the dual function.
- the second modification module in the resource allocation apparatus can correct the optimal subcarrier power allocation by using known subcarrier pairing and optimal relay selection, so as to make the subcarrier power.
- the allocation is more accurate.
- a specific example of the operations performed by the sixth distribution sub-module 716, the seventh distribution sub-module 717, the second convergence module, and the second correction module is as described in the above-described fourth embodiment, and the description thereof will not be repeated here.
- the transmission module 720 is configured to perform signal transmission according to the resource allocation parameter obtained by the resource allocation module 710.
- the transmission module 720 can use the foregoing resource allocation parameters to implement signal transmission by using existing signal transmission operations. This embodiment does not limit the specific implementation process of the transmission module 720 for signal transmission.
- the AF-based two-hop OFDM system is set to include: one source node, one target node, and four relay nodes, ie, 4 , and the distribution of the four relay nodes is as shown in FIG.
- the four relay nodes in Figure 8 are randomly distributed in a square area.
- the reference scheme includes: (1) For each relay node, the subcarriers are respectively sorted on each hop according to the channel gain. (2) Sorting the subcarriers on the two hops one by one, and the existing literature has proved that this sorting and pairing mode is optimal in a single relay system, and is calculated under the assumption of equal power allocation. Following the corresponding total transmission rate. (3) Select a relay node that can maximize the transmission rate, and perform optimal power allocation on each subcarrier pair.
- the abscissa is the transmit power of the transmitting node, and the ordinate is the average of the end-to-end transmission rate.
- the framed curve is the system performance curve of the second embodiment of the present invention, and the curve with the triangle is the system performance curve of the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the curve with the vertical line is the system performance curve of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, with a five-pointed star.
- the curve is a system performance curve for a OFDM character based relay selection reference scheme. As can be seen from the graph shown in Fig. 9, the system performance of the second embodiment of the present invention, the system performance of the third embodiment, and the system performance of the fourth embodiment are significantly superior to those of the reference scheme.
- the end-to-end frequency efficiency of the second embodiment of the present invention can be improved by about 40%. Comparing the system performance of the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment of the present invention with the system performance of the second embodiment, the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment only bring about less than 1 dB of power loss.
- FIG. 10 Shows the four relay nodes in the network to form a relay cluster, which is distributed on the connection line between the source node and the target node.
- the radius of the trunk cluster is much smaller than the distance between the source node and the destination node.
- Figure 10 Variables in horizontal coordinates Indicates the ratio of the distance from the source node to the relay and the distance from the source node to the target node. The ordinate is the average end-to-end transmission rate.
- the average end-to-end transmission rate as a function of the location of the relay node is as shown in FIG.
- the curve with a square is the system performance curve of the second embodiment of the present invention
- the curve with a triangle For the system performance curve of the third embodiment of the present invention, the curve with the vertical line is the system performance curve of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and the curve with the five-pointed star is the system performance curve of the OFDM character-based relay selection reference scheme.
- the transmission rate is higher than the end 70% of the base case.
- the present invention can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary hardware platform, and of course, all can be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is better.
- Implementation Based on this understanding, all or part of the technical solutions of the present invention contributing to the background art may be embodied in the form of a software product that can be used to perform the method flow described above.
- the computer software product can be stored in a storage medium, such as a ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., including instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform various embodiments of the present invention.
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BR112012012652A BR112012012652A2 (pt) | 2009-11-26 | 2010-11-03 | metodo de alogacao de recurso e aparelho de sistema de multiplexacao de divisao de frequencia ortogonal de multirretransmissao |
JP2012540270A JP2013512596A (ja) | 2009-11-26 | 2010-11-03 | 多中継の直交周波数分割多重(ofdm)システムのリソース割当て方法および装置 |
EP10832615A EP2506643A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 | 2010-11-03 | Resources allocation method and apparatus of multiple relays orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ofdm) system |
US13/481,164 US20120236704A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 | 2012-05-25 | Resource allocation method and apparatus of multi-relay orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system |
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CN102333368B (zh) * | 2011-06-13 | 2014-04-23 | 西安交通大学 | 非线性放大-转发中继最优功率分配方法 |
CN102740303B (zh) * | 2012-05-28 | 2015-01-21 | 上海交通大学 | 改进型中继系统的联合功率分配和子载波匹配方法 |
KR101915473B1 (ko) * | 2012-06-29 | 2018-11-06 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 간섭 중화를 수행하는 멀티 홉 네트워크에서 대상 송신 노드 및 대상 수신 노드의 페어를 분산적으로 결정하는 방법 및 협력 헤더를 통하여 중앙 집중적으로 결정하는 방법 |
CN102833866B (zh) * | 2012-08-31 | 2015-02-04 | 宁波大学 | 一种协作中继正交频分多址接入系统的资源分配方法 |
CN103858506B (zh) * | 2012-12-27 | 2017-08-18 | 华为技术有限公司 | 资源分配方法及装置 |
CN103117844B (zh) * | 2013-02-02 | 2015-09-02 | 南京邮电大学 | 基于中继的多小区正交频分复用系统资源分配方法 |
EP3248322B1 (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2020-01-01 | Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) | Adaptive relay schemes and virtual full-duplex relay operation |
CN105228249B (zh) * | 2015-08-21 | 2018-11-20 | 上海华为技术有限公司 | 一种子载波分配方法、相关装置以及基站 |
CN105792370B (zh) * | 2016-03-02 | 2019-03-12 | 南京邮电大学 | 一种双向多中继ofdm系统中的资源联合分配方法 |
CN106304288A (zh) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-01-04 | 辛建芳 | 无线传感网非实时数据传输的网关功率分配方法 |
CN106452713B (zh) * | 2016-10-28 | 2019-06-04 | 武汉虹信通信技术有限责任公司 | 一种导频污染减轻方法及装置 |
CN106851835B (zh) * | 2017-01-06 | 2019-10-15 | 北京邮电大学 | 一种资源分配方法及装置 |
JP6747571B2 (ja) * | 2017-02-16 | 2020-08-26 | 日本電気株式会社 | 無線アドホックネットワークにおける通信端末、通信方法及び通信プログラム |
CN107359928B (zh) * | 2017-07-19 | 2020-02-21 | 湘潭大学 | 多用户单中继协作通信系统的最优化功率分配算法 |
CN108601087B (zh) * | 2018-04-27 | 2022-07-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | 一种基于网络切片的无线通信资源分配方法 |
CN109219089B (zh) * | 2018-08-20 | 2020-01-21 | 南京航空航天大学 | 无线携能双向中继网络中面向用户公平性的容量最大化传输方法 |
CN109413748B (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-12-06 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种基于正交频分复用解码转发双向协作的无线携能通信方法 |
CN111511001B (zh) * | 2020-04-08 | 2023-03-24 | 西藏大学 | 一种多基站ofdm系统下行链路资源分配方法 |
CN111867030B (zh) * | 2020-06-17 | 2023-09-29 | 浙江工业大学 | 基于粒子群优化的射频能量源布置与发射功率设置方法 |
CN113207185B (zh) * | 2021-04-28 | 2023-04-07 | 中山大学 | 一种无线携能ofdm协作中继通信系统的资源优化分配方法 |
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