WO2011060620A1 - 一种干燥干选联合原煤提质设备及方法 - Google Patents

一种干燥干选联合原煤提质设备及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011060620A1
WO2011060620A1 PCT/CN2010/001858 CN2010001858W WO2011060620A1 WO 2011060620 A1 WO2011060620 A1 WO 2011060620A1 CN 2010001858 W CN2010001858 W CN 2010001858W WO 2011060620 A1 WO2011060620 A1 WO 2011060620A1
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Prior art keywords
coal
dry
drying
raw coal
hot air
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PCT/CN2010/001858
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李功民
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Li Gongmin
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Application filed by Li Gongmin filed Critical Li Gongmin
Priority to US13/510,642 priority Critical patent/US8739975B2/en
Priority to UAA201207488A priority patent/UA105079C2/uk
Priority to PL400390A priority patent/PL230124B1/pl
Publication of WO2011060620A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011060620A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/26Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating conveyors propelling materials over stationary surfaces; with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating shelves, sieves, or trays
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/02Heating arrangements using combustion heating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/005Treatment of dryer exhaust gases
    • F26B25/007Dust filtering; Exhaust dust filters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of material sorting, in particular to a dry and dry sorting combined raw coal upgrading equipment and method, which is also suitable for sorting and upgrading materials other than coal. Background technique
  • coal As well as ash and sulfur, are important factors affecting coal quality.
  • coal In order to improve the quality of coal, coal must be dewatered and sorted. With the development of coal upgrading technology, coal drying and dry selection processes have been widely used and have achieved remarkable results.
  • a slime drying device which is composed of a fluidized bed drying portion and a heat source supply portion, and the fluidized drying portion is composed of a coal conveyor, a crusher, a pre-dryer, a screw feeder, A fluidized bed boiling drying furnace, a two-stage cyclone separator, a belt conveyor, and the like are sequentially connected, and the heat source supply portion is composed of a flue gas furnace, a mixer, and an auxiliary device.
  • a sorting bed excitation device for a wind jigging dry coal separator which comprises a vibration motor and an elastic component, a vibration motor and a sorting bed fixed, a vibration motor shaft and a sorting bed.
  • the sieve surface of the sieve plate is vertical; according to the wind jigging dry method, the coal is selected as the medium, and the working characteristics of the wind jigging layer are formed for the sorting materials, and the vibration vibration device is used for the symmetric installation of the vibration motor of the same specification, and the vibration motor
  • the output shaft is perpendicular to the working surface of the sorting bed.
  • the design makes the vibration direction of the sorting bed coincide with the output direction of the material.
  • the vibration motor does not need to carry the material to throw up the movement. The material depends on the wind to lift and jigging on the sorting bed. In the stratification process, the discharge device is entered in a shorter stroke.
  • the "Coal Drying System Optimization Study” published in the "Journal of Coal” 2004 04 discloses a dry coal preparation process, in which the coal-based heavy fluidized bed dry coal selection control requirements for the selected raw coal moisture are combined.
  • composite dry coal preparation is an effective and practical technology for coal drainage and sulfur reduction, saving water resources, avoiding secondary pollution of coal slurry water, simple process, low investment, low production cost, and suitable for China with its unique characteristics.
  • the demand for coal enterprises has been rapidly promoted and applied, providing an economical and practical coal preparation method for coal processing.
  • the size of raw coal is one of the main influencing factors for the use of dry coal.
  • the coal with external moisture exceeding 9% is reduced due to the sorting effect, and the dry coal preparation technology cannot be directly used.
  • China's lignite resources are abundant, but coal is seriously cemented, and dry coal must be used.
  • due to the low degree of metamorphism and large water content it is the main reason that affects the dry selection of coal.
  • the drying device in the process of drying high-moisture coal, the drying device requires a large amount of heat source and sufficient drying time, and the processing capacity is inversely proportional to the dewatering strength. At present, the drying device is greatly limited in order to increase the yield. , dehydration at 6-12 ° /. Between the drying alone, the calorific value is limited. Compared with dry selection, the investment and production costs of drying equipment of the same scale are 3-4 times that of dry selection.
  • coal In addition, as we all know, China is a big country in the production and consumption of coal. In the primary energy composition, coal accounts for a high proportion of 75%. A large amount of coal is converted into electricity to support the needs of the national economy. Of the 1.325 billion tons of raw coal produced in 1997, 523 million tons were used for power generation. That is, coal-fired power plants consumed 39.5% of the country's coal production, making it the largest coal user. Power generation relies on coal as the main source of energy, as is the case in many developed countries. For example, in the United States, a power generation and coal producing country, 86% to 89% of its total domestic coal consumption is for power plants. Therefore, the capital investment, economic operation, and environmental impact of coal-fired power plants are largely related to coal quality. In the cost of thermal power generation, coal costs account for 80%. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the impact of coal quality on coal-fired power plants.
  • the present inventors have proposed a dry dry selection combined with raw coal upgrading equipment and method, and the dry dry selection combined with raw coal upgrading equipment and method better solves the disadvantages of dry dry selection alone, and Through the dry and dry joint operation, not only the sharing of the same functional equipment is realized, but also the recycling of energy by-products of the coal preparation process (such as meteorite) is realized.
  • a dry dry selection combined raw coal upgrading device which comprises a coal supply system, a hot air system, a drying system, a dust removal exhaust system and a dry selection system, wherein the coal supply system can be divided into dry raw coal.
  • the coal supply system uses raw coal transport device to supply raw coal to the hot air system and the drying system respectively;
  • the hot air system is a heat supply part of the drying system, and the hot air system includes a hot blast stove and a settling chamber
  • the first main fan the hot air system generates the flue gas generated in the hot air furnace through the sedimentation chamber to be treated by Mars, and then mixed with the cold air to become a certain temperature, the hot air is pressurized and supplied to the drying system through the first main fan, and the first induced draft fan is discharged.
  • the tuyere is connected to the lower part of the dryer in the drying system; the drying system is used for drying and dehydrating the raw coal, reducing the moisture of the raw coal, and the dried coal product is sent to the dry selection system via the dried product transport mechanism; the dust exhaust system is used for Fine particle coal dust recovery, dust removal and exhaust system including dust collector and exhaust fan, dust removal and exhaust system connected Between the drying system and the dry selection system, the exhaust fan is composed of an induced draft fan and an exhaust pipe; the dry selection system includes a dry sorting machine, a circulating fan, and a cyclone dust collector, and is used for sorting the dried raw coal into clean coal. , China Coal and Meteorite.
  • the temperature of the hot air generated by the flue gas generated in the hot blast stove through the sedimentation chamber in addition to Mars and then mixed with the cold air is about 50 ° C to 280 ° C.
  • the temperature of the hot air mixed with cold air is about 250 °C.
  • the raw coal transport device is a raw coal belt conveyor, and the product transport mechanism after drying is Product belt conveyor after drying.
  • the core equipment of the drying system is a vibrating mixed flow dryer.
  • the dry sorter in the dry selection system is a composite dry coal separator.
  • the hot blast stove is a chain type hot blast stove or a boiling type hot blast stove.
  • a dry dry selection combined with raw coal upgrading method comprising the steps of:
  • Hot blast stove is divided into chain type hot blast stove and boiling type hot blast stove.
  • the low calorific value of raw coal is more than 16000kJ/kg, that is, about 3840 kcal / kg As the fuel of the chain type hot blast stove; when the low calorific value of the raw coal is less than 16000 kJ/kg, the boiling hot blast stove is used as the hot blast stove of the coal supply system;
  • the drying system uses a vibrating mixed-flow dryer, the coal flow flows from the top to the bottom through a multi-layer vibrating bed to the coal outlet, and the hot air passes through the upper row of the multi-layer vibrating bed from bottom to top.
  • the gas port is discharged, and the macroscopic flow between the coal stream and the hot air is countercurrent, that is, there is a vertical cross flow of coal and hot air inside the dryer, and a horizontal countercurrent of coal and hot air;
  • Dust removal by dust removal and exhaust system consists of a dust remover and an exhaust fan.
  • the dust remover separates the coal powder from the exhaust gas into the product coal, and the cleaned exhaust gas after treatment is exhausted by the exhaust fan;
  • the use of the dry dry selection combined with raw coal upgrading equipment and method according to the present invention overcomes the above-mentioned defects in the use of drying and dry selection equipment alone, not only the dry coal preparation and drying process
  • the combination of machine and land brings out the advantages of drying and dry selection, and expands the application range of equipment, less investment, low production cost, easy to promote and apply coal upgrading technology; and greatly avoid energy waste.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a dry-drying combined raw coal upgrading device according to the technical scheme of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing the process of the dry-drying combined raw coal upgrading method according to the technical scheme of the present invention.
  • 1 hot blast stove; 2: raw coal belt conveyor; 3: settling chamber; 4: first main fan; 5: dryer; 6: dry belt conveyor; 7: dust collector; 8: induced draft fan; : Exhaust pipe; 10: Second main fan; 11: Cyclone dust collector; 12: Dry sorter; 13: Clean coal belt conveyor; 14: Vermiculite belt conveyor; 15: Coal belt conveyor.
  • a dry dry selection combined with raw coal upgrading equipment includes a coal supply system, a hot air system, a drying system, a dust removal and exhaust system, and a dry selection system.
  • the coal supply system can be divided into two parts: dry raw coal supply coal and hot blast furnace coal.
  • the coal supply system uses the raw coal transport device to supply the raw coal to the hot air system and the drying system respectively; the raw coal transport device shown in Fig. 1 is the raw coal belt.
  • Machine 2 chain transport mechanisms and other conventional material transport mechanisms can also be used.
  • the hot air system is a heat supply part of the drying system, and the hot air system includes a hot air furnace 1, a sedimentation chamber 3, and a first main fan 4, and the hot air system passes the flue gas generated in the hot air furnace 1 through the sedimentation chamber 3 to remove the Mars.
  • the hot air mixed with the cold air to a certain temperature is pressurized and supplied to the drying system through the first main fan 4, and the air outlet of the first main fan 4 is connected to the lower portion of the dryer 5 in the drying system.
  • the flue gas generated in the hot blast stove 1 The temperature of the hot air in the sedimentation chamber 3 in addition to the treatment of Mars and then mixed with cold air is about 50 ° C - 280 ° C, preferably about 250 ° C; according to actual production needs, other suitable The hot air of temperature.
  • the hot blast stove 1 is a chain type hot blast stove or a boiling type hot blast stove.
  • the drying system is used to dry and dehydrate the raw coal, reduce the moisture of the raw coal, and the dried coal product is sent to the dry selection system via the dried product transport mechanism.
  • the core equipment of the drying system is a vibrating mixed flow dryer.
  • the dried product transport mechanism shown in Figure 1 is a dry product belt conveyor 6 .
  • the dust removal and exhaust system is used for the recovery of fine coal dust.
  • the dust removal and exhaust system includes a dust collector 7 and an exhaust fan.
  • the dust removal and exhaust system is connected between the drying system and the dry selection system.
  • the exhaust fan is composed of an induced draft fan 8 and an exhaust pipe. 9 composition.
  • the dust remover 7 shown in Fig. 1 uses a bag filter.
  • the dry selection system includes a dry sorter 12, a circulation fan, and a cyclone 11 for separating the dried raw coal into clean coal, medium coal, and vermiculite.
  • the dry sorter 12 in the dry selection system is a composite dry coal separator.
  • Dry dry selection combined with raw coal upgrading method includes the following steps:
  • coal supply system to provide coal for dry coal supply and hot blast stove; crush and transport low-quality raw coal through coal supply system, and dry coal source with coal size greater than 8mm and less than 50mm after crushing is sent to the drying system via raw coal belt conveyor 2 After the crushing, the coal has a coal particle size of less than 8 mm and is sent to the hot air furnace 1 .
  • the hot blast stove 1 is divided into a chain type hot blast stove and a boiling type hot blast stove.
  • the low calorific value of the raw coal is more than 16000 kJ/kg, that is, about 3840 kcal/kg, it is directly used as a fuel for the chain type hot blast stove; when the low calorific value of the raw coal is less than At 16000 kJ/kg, a boiling hot blast stove is used as the hot blast stove for the coal supply system.
  • the flue gas generated in the hot blast stove 1 is subjected to the process of removing the Mars and then mixed with the cold air to become a hot air of about 150-280 ° C, which is pressurized by the first main fan 4
  • the lower portion of the dryer 5 in the drying system is given; the hot air system is also referred to as a heat source system in FIG.
  • the drying system uses a vibrating mixed-flow dryer, the coal flow flows from the top to the bottom through a multi-layer vibrating bed to the coal outlet, and the hot air passes through the upper row of the multi-layer vibrating bed from bottom to top.
  • the gas port is discharged, and the macroscopic flow between the coal stream and the hot air is countercurrent, that is, there is a vertical cross flow of coal and hot air inside the dryer 5, and a horizontal backflow of coal and hot air.
  • Dust removal by dust removal and exhaust system is composed of a dust remover 7 and an exhaust fan.
  • the dust remover 7 separates the coal powder in the exhaust gas and merges it into the product coal.
  • the treated clean exhaust gas is exhausted through the exhaust fan. .
  • the technical advantages of the present invention are: the hot flue gas generated in the hot blast stove 1 is removed from the marshall through the settling chamber 3, and is fed from the lower portion of the dryer 5 by the first main blower 4, and the raw coal material of the raw coal is taken from the raw coal belt conveyor 2 It is transported from the top of the dryer 5, and after the wet raw coal material is uniformly dried, most of it is output from the lower part of the dryer 5 by the dried product belt conveyor 6, and a part of the fine material enters the bag filter 7 with the hot air flow, and the bag type dust remover 7 The separated material is recovered as a product, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe 9 via the induced draft fan 8.
  • the dried coal product is sent to the dry sorter 12 by the dry-selected coal belt conveyor 15 for sorting.
  • the clean coal and vermiculite are respectively output from the clean coal belt conveyor 13 and the vermiculite belt conveyor 14.
  • the second main fan 10 provides the air volume required for sorting by the dry sorter 12, and the cyclone 11 is connected in series with the second main fan 10 to remove coarser particulate coal dust to protect the fan impeller from being worn; the bag filter 7 and the cyclone
  • the dust collectors 11 are connected in parallel to ensure that the dust concentration of the gas discharged into the atmosphere is lower than the national standard, and the air is directly sucked from the periphery of the dry sorter 12 to form a negative pressure operation, thereby improving the sorting efficiency of the dry sorter 12.
  • the first choice after drying and drying is not the only option. If the raw coal has a high vermiculite content and the surface moisture (visible moisture) is not high, the dry selection operation can be performed. The user should give priority to the dry selection process. Under the same investment conditions, the first dry selection scheme is to remove the amount of dryness after removing the vermiculite, and improve the yield of the upgraded coal than the first drying scheme.
  • the investment can be reduced by about 30%. If the surface moisture of the raw coal is too high or the vermiculite content is not high, the dry selection operation cannot be carried out without drying, then only the first choice after drying and drying is selected. For the simplification of the present invention, other applicable materials or components or process improvements are not listed here.
  • the apparatus and method of the invention not only organically combines the dry coal preparation and drying processes, but also exerts the respective advantages of drying and dry selection, and expands the application range of the equipment, has low investment, low production cost, and is convenient for coal extraction. Promotion and application of quality technology.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Description

一种干燥干选联合原煤提质设备及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及物料分选领域,具体涉及一种干燥干选联合原煤提质 设备及方法, 其也适用于煤炭之外的其他物料的分选和提质。 背景技术
煤炭的含水量以及灰分、 硫分是影响煤炭品质的重要因素。 为 了提高煤炭的品质, 必须对煤炭进行脱水和分选。 随着煤炭提质技 术的开发, 煤炭干燥和干选工艺在其中得到了广泛的应用, 并且取 得了显著的成效。
例如, 在中国专利 CN2494964Y中公开了一种煤泥干燥设备, 其由流化床干燥部分、 热源供给部分构成, 流化干燥部分由输煤机、 破碎机、 预干燥器、 螺旋给料机、 流化床沸腾干燥炉、 双级旋风分 离器、 皮带机等依次连接组成, 热源供给部分由烟气炉、 混合器及 辅助装置构成。 另外, 在中国专利 CN2889494Y中公开了一种风力 跳汰干法选煤机分选床激振装置, 其中包括振动电机和弹性组件, 振动电机与分选床固接, 振动电机转轴与分选床筛板的筛面垂直; 其根据风力跳汰干法选煤以空气为介质、 对分选物料形成风力跳汰 分层的工作特点, 采用激振装置为同规格振动电机对称安装、 振动 电机的输出轴与分选床工作面垂直的设计, 该设计使分选床的振动 方向与物料的输出方向一致, 振动电机无需承负物料抛起运动, 物 料在分选床上依靠风力托起、 跳汰、 分层过程中以较短的行程进入 排料装置。
在《煤炭学报》 2004年 04期上发表的"煤炭干燥系统优化研究" 公开了一种干法选煤工艺, 其中根据空气重介流化床干法选煤对入 选原煤水分的控制要求,结合 50 - 6mm粒级煤粒的粒度组成特性和 水分分布特性, 在激振器的作用下, 薄层煤炭在布风板上从入料端 快速地移向出料端,热气流自下而上穿过布风板和煤层, 与煤粒发生 强烈的热质交换, 使煤粒的表面自由水快速蒸发。
尤其是, 复合式干法选煤作为煤炭排矸、 降硫的有效实用技术, 节约水资源, 避免煤泥水二次污染, 工艺简单, 投资少、 生产成本 低, 以其独有的特点适合我国煤炭企业的需求而得到迅速推广应用, 为煤炭加工提供了一种经济实用的选煤方法。
但是,原煤水分大小是能否使用干法选煤的主要影响因素之一, 外在水分超过 9%的煤炭由于分选效果降低,进而不能直接选用干法 选煤技术。 另外, 我国褐煤资源丰富, 但煤炭遇水泥化严重, 必须 釆用干法选煤, 然而由于变质程度低, 水分大, 是影响干法'选煤推 广的主要原因。 在另一方面, 干燥装置在对高水分煤炭进行干燥的 过程中, 需要大量的热源和足够的干燥时间, 处理能力与脱水强度 成反比, 目前干燥装置为了提高产量, 脱水强度受到很大的限制, 脱水在 6-12°/。之间, 单独靠干燥的方式提高发热量有限。 干燥与干 选比较, 相同规模的干燥装置的投资和生产成本是干选的 3-4倍。
因而从设备上、 经济上考虑, 分别使用干燥和干选设备, 造成 受制于原煤炭品质而难于推广干法选煤, 受制于投资太大、 而使投 资方难于接受。 并且, 受制于目前的技术水平, 在国内外, 没有很 好的办法解决上述问题。
另外, 众所周知, 我国是煤炭的生产和消费大国, 在一次能源 构成中, 煤炭占 75%的高额比重。 大量煤炭转化为电力支持国民经 济的需求。在 1997年生产 13.25亿吨原煤中,有 5.23亿吨用于发电, 即燃煤电厂消耗了全国煤炭产量的 39.5%, 是最大的煤炭用户。 发 电依赖煤炭为主要能源的状况, 在许多发达国家也是如此。 例如, 作为发电和产煤大国的美国, 其国内煤炭消耗总量的 86% ~ 89%是 用于电厂。 因而, 燃煤电厂的基建投资、 经济运行、 以及环境影响, 在很大程度上与煤炭质量有关。 在火力发电成本中, 煤炭费用占 80%。 因此, 提升煤质对燃煤电厂的影响是至关重要的。
所以, 目前急需一种解决上述问题, 并且符合可持续发展、 以及 环保节能的国家和产业要求的煤质提升设备及工艺。 发明内容
本发明人经过长期技术开发和研究, 提出了一种干燥干选联合 原煤提质设备及方法, 该干燥干选联合原煤提质设备及方法较好地 解决了干燥干选单独使用的弊端, 并且通过干燥干选联合作业, 不 仅仅实现了相同功能设备的共享, 还实现了选煤过程副产品 (如矸 石) 能源的循环利用。
依据本发明的第一方面, 提供一种干燥干选联合原煤提质设备, 其包括供煤系统、热风系统、干燥系统、 除尘排气系统和干选系统, 其中供煤系统可以分为干燥原煤供煤和热风炉用煤两部分, 供煤系 统使用原煤输运装置分别将原煤供给给热风系统和干燥系统; 热风 系统是干燥系统的供热源部分, 所述热风系统包括热风炉、 沉降室 和第一主风机, 热风系统将在热风炉中生成的烟气经过沉降室内除 火星处理、 再与冷空气混合成为一定温度的热风经过第一主风机加 压供给干燥系统, 第一引风机出风口连接于干燥系统中的干燥器的 下部; 干燥系统用于将原煤干燥脱水、 降低原煤的水分, 干燥后的 煤产品经由干燥后产品输运机构送至干选系统; 除尘排气系统用于 细颗粒煤尘的回收, 除尘排气系统包括除尘器和排风机, 除尘排气 系统连接在干燥系统和干选系统之间, 所述排风机由引风机和排气 管构成; 干选系统包括干选机、 循环风机、 旋风除尘器, 用于在于 将干燥后的原煤分选为精煤、 中煤和矸石。
优选地, 在热风炉中生成的烟气经过沉降室内除火星处理、 再 与冷空气混合而成的所述热风的温度大约为 50°C-280°C。
优选地, 与冷空气混合而成的所述热风的温度为 250°C左右。 优选地, 原煤输运装置为原煤皮带机, 干燥后产品输运机构为 干燥后产品皮带机。
优选地, 干燥系统的核心设备是振动混流干燥器。
优选地, 干选系统中的干选机为复合式干法选煤机。
优选地, 热风炉为链条式热风炉或沸腾式热风炉。
依据本发明的第二方面, 提供一种干燥干选联合原煤提质方法, 其包括以下步骤:
1 )使用供煤系统提供干燥供煤和热风炉用煤; 热风炉分为链条 式热风炉和沸腾式热风炉, 当原煤的低位发热值大于 16000kJ/kg即 约 3840大卡/ kg时直接用作链条式热风炉的燃料; 当原煤的低位发 热值小于 16000kJ/kg时釆用沸腾热风炉作为供煤系统的热风炉;
2 )使用热风系统将由在热风炉中生成的烟气经过除火星处理再 与冷空气混合成为 150-28CTC左右的热风经过第一主风机加压供给 干燥系统中的干燥器的下部;
3 )使用干燥系统对原煤进行干燥: 干燥系统使用振动混流干燥 器, 煤流自上而下经过多层振动床流动到出煤口, 热风自下而上穿 过多层振动床经上部的排气口排出, 煤流与热风之间的宏观流动是 逆流, 即在干燥器内部既有煤与热风的垂直交叉流动、 又有煤与热 风的水平逆流;
4 )利用除尘排气系统除尘: 除尘排气系统由除尘器和排风机组 成, 除尘器将废气中的煤粉分离出来, 合并到产品煤中, 处理后的 洁净废气经排风机排空;
5 )使用干选系统分选干燥后的原煤, 将干燥后的原煤分选为 精煤、 中煤和矸石, 精煤作为产品煤销售, 中煤可以并入精煤作产 品煤销售, 也可以回流到进煤口再选,一部分矸石可以作为沸腾热风 炉的燃料, 另一部分矸石作废物处理。
使用依据本发明的干燥干选联合原煤提质设备及方法,克服了上 述单独使用干燥及干选设备的缺陷,不仅仅将干法选煤和干燥工艺有 机地结合在一起, 发挥了干燥及干选的各自优点, 而且扩大了设备的 应用范围, 投资少, 生产成本低, 便于煤炭提质技术的推广应用; 另 外极大地避免能源浪费。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图 1和图 2来说明本发明专利的技术方案, 在下面 的具体实施方式中, 如果在其中没有特殊说明, 则所使用的部件或 方法均为常规部件和方法, 各个常规部件之间的连接关系使用常规 连接。
图 1为依据本发明技术方案的干燥干选联合原煤提质设备的结 构示意图;
图 2为依据本发明技术方案的干燥干选联合原煤提质方法的流程 模块图。
图中, 1 : 热风炉; 2: 原煤皮带机; 3: 沉降室; 4: 第一主风机; 5: 干燥器; 6: 干燥后产品皮带机; 7: 除尘器; 8: 引风机; 9: 排 气管; 10: 第二主风机; 11 : 旋风除尘器; 12: 干选机; 13: 精煤皮 带机; 14: 矸石皮带机; 15: 上煤皮带机。
如图 1 中所示的为一种干燥干选联合原煤提质设备, 该干燥干 选联合原煤提质设备包括供煤系统、 热风系统、 干燥系统、 除尘排 气系统和干选系统。 供煤系统可以分为干燥原煤供煤和热风炉用煤 两部分, 供煤系统使用原煤输运装置分别将原煤供给给热风系统和 干燥系统; 图 1中所示的原煤输运装置为原煤皮带机 2,也可以使用 链条输运机构及其他常规物料输运机构。
热风系统是干燥系统的供热源部分, 所述热风系统包括热风炉 1、 沉降室 3和第一主风机 4, 热风系统将在热风炉 1中生成的烟气 经过沉降室 3 内除火星处理、 再与冷空气混合成为一定温度的热风 经过第一主风机 4加压供给干燥系统, 第一主风机 4出风口连接于 干燥系统中的干燥器 5的下部。 其中, 在热风炉 1 中生成的烟气经 过沉降室 3 内除火星处理、 再与冷空气混合而成的所述热风的温度 大约为 50°C-280°C , 优选为 250°C左右; 根据实际生产的需要, 也 可以生成其他合适温度的热风。 热风炉 1 为链条式热风炉或沸腾式 热风炉。
干燥系统用于将原煤干燥脱水、 降低原煤的水分, 干燥后的煤 产品经由干燥后产品输运机构送至干选系统。 干燥系统的核心设备 是振动混流干燥器。 图 1 中所示的干燥后产品输运机构为干燥后产 品皮带机 6。
除尘排气系统用于细颗粒煤尘的回收, 除尘排气系统包括除尘 器 7和排风机, 除尘排气系统连接在干燥系统和干选系统之间, 排 风机由引风机 8和排气管 9构成。 图 1中所示的除尘器 7使用袋式 除尘器。
干选系统包括干选机 12、 循环风机、 旋风除尘器 11 , 用于在于 将干燥后的原煤分选为精煤、 中煤和矸石。 干选系统中的干选机 12 为复合式干法选煤机。
现结合图 1和图 2来说明干燥干选联合原煤提质方法, 如图 2 中所示的为干燥干选联合原煤提质方法的流程模块图。 干燥干选联 合原煤提质方法包括以下步骤:
1 )使用供煤系统提供干燥供煤和热风炉用煤; 将低质原煤经供 煤系统破碎和输送,破碎后煤粒度大于 8mm且小于 50mm的干燥煤 源经由原煤皮带机 2送至干燥系统,破碎后煤粒度小于 8mm的煤末 送热风炉 1。热风炉 1分为链条式热风炉和沸腾式热风炉, 当原煤的 低位发热值大于 16000kJ/kg即约 3840大卡/ kg时直接用作链条式热 风炉的燃料; 当原煤的低位发热值小于 16000kJ/kg时釆用沸腾热风 炉作为供煤系统的热风炉 1。
2 )使用热风系统将由在热风炉 1中生成的烟气经过除火星处理 再与冷空气混合成为 150-280°C左右的热风经过第一主风机 4加压供 给干燥系统中的千燥器 5的下部; 热风系统在图 2中也被称为热源 系统。
3 )使用干燥系统对原煤进行干燥: 干燥系统使用振动混流干燥 器, 煤流自上而下经过多层振动床流动到出煤口, 热风自下而上穿 过多层振动床经上部的排气口排出, 煤流与热风之间的宏观流动是 逆流, 即在干燥器 5 内部既有煤与热风的垂直交叉流动、 又有煤与 热风的水平逆流。
4 )利用除尘排气系统除尘: 除尘排气系统由除尘器 7和排风机 组成, 除尘器 7将废气中的煤粉分离出来, 合并到产品煤中, 处理 后的洁净废气经排风机排空。
5 )使用干选系统分选干燥后的原煤, 将干燥后 原煤分选为精 煤、 中煤和矸石, 精煤作为产品煤销售, 中煤可以并入精煤作产品 煤销售, 也可以回流到进煤口再选, 一部分矸石可以作为沸腾热风 炉的燃料, 另一部分矸石作废物处理。
更具体地, 本发明的技术优点在于: 在热风炉 1产生的热烟气 经沉降室 3除去火星, 由第一主风机 4从干燥器 5的下部给入, 湿 原煤物料由原煤皮带机 2从干燥器 5顶部输运进入, 湿原煤物料被 均匀干燥后, 大部分从干燥器 5下部由干燥后产品皮带机 6输出, 一部分细物料随热风流进入袋式除尘器 7,袋式除尘器 7分离出的物 料作为产品回收, 废气经引风机 8由排气管 9排出。 干燥后的煤产 品由干选上煤皮带机 15送入干选机 12进行分选, 分选后精煤和矸 石分别由精煤皮带机 13和矸石皮带机 14输出。第二主风机 10提供 干选机 12分选所需的风量, 旋风除尘器 11与第二主风机 10串联, 除去较粗颗粒煤尘, 保护风机叶轮少受磨损; 袋式除尘器 7与旋风 除尘器 11并联, 保证排入大气中的气体含尘浓度低于囯家标准, 并 且直接从干选机 12周围吸入空气, 形成负压操作, 提高干选机 12 的分选效能。 另外, 尽管在上面给出了本发明的最优设计, 但是针对各个部 件的常规改进, 已经被发明人试验实施, 能够取得不错的技术效果。 例如, 先干燥后干选并非联全流程的唯一选择, 如果原煤的矸石含 量较高, 而表水分(可见水分)不高, 可以进行干选作业时, 用户 应优先选择先干选后干燥流程, 在投资相同的条件下, 先干选方案 是先去除矸石后进行干燥处量, 比先干燥方案提高提质煤产量
20%-30%以上; 在提质煤产量相同的条件下, 可以降低投资约 30%。 如果原煤的表水分过高或者矸石含量不高时, 不干燥则不能进行干 选作业, 那么就只有先干燥后干选唯一的选择方案了。 为了本发明 的简化, 其他可适用的材料或部件或工艺改进, 在此就不一一列举 了。
综上所述,在本发明中已经清楚详细地描述了本发明的干燥干选 联合原煤提质设备及方法。 进一步地, 本领域普通的技术人员可以理 解, 在不背离所附权利要求定义的本发明的精神和范围的情况下, 可 以在形式和细节中做出各种各样的修改。 工业实用性
本发明的设备及方法不仅仅将干法选煤和干燥工艺有机地结合 在一起,发挥了干燥及干选的各自优点,而且扩大了设备的应用范围, 投资少, 生产成本低, 便于煤炭提质技术的推广应用。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种干燥干选联合原煤提质设备, 其主要包括供煤系统、 热 风系统、 干燥系统、 除尘排气系统和干选系统, 其特征在于:
供煤系统可以分为干燥原煤供煤和热风炉用煤两部分, 供煤系 统使用原煤输运装置分别将原煤供给热风系统和干燥系统;
热风系统是干燥系统的供热源部分,所述热风系统包括热风炉、 沉降室和第一主风机, 热风系统将在热风炉中生成的烟气经过沉降 室内除火星处理、 再与冷空气混合成为一定温度的热风经过第一主 风机加压供给干燥系统, 第一引风机出风口连接于干燥系统中的干 燥器的下部;
干燥系统用于将原煤干燥脱水、 降低原煤的水分, 干燥后的煤 产品经由干燥后产品输运机构送至干选系统;
除尘排气系统用于细颗粒煤尘的回收, 除尘排气系统包括除尘 器和排风机, 除尘排气系统连接在干燥系统和干选系统之间, 所述 排风机由引风机和排气管构成;
干选系统包括干选机、 循环风机、 旋风除尘器, 用于在于将干 燥后的原煤分选为精煤、 中煤和矸石。
2、依据权利要求 1的干燥干选联合原煤提质设备,其特征在于, 在热风炉中生成的烟气经过沉降室内除火星处理、 再与冷空气混合 而成的所述热风的温度大约为 50°C-280°C左右。
3、依据权利要求 1或权利要求 2的干燥干选联合原煤提质设备, 其特征在于, 与冷空气混合而成的所述热风的温度为 250°C左右。
4、依据权利要求 1或权利要求 2的干燥干选联合原煤提质设备, 其特征在于, 所述原煤输运装置为原煤皮带机, 所述干燥后产品输 运机构为干燥后产品皮带机。
5、依据权利要求 1的干燥干选联合原煤提质设备,其特征在于, 干燥系统的核心设备是振动混流干燥器。
6、依据权利要求 1的干燥干选联合原煤提质设备,其特征在于, 干选系统中的所述干选机为复合式干法选煤机。
7、依据权利要求 1的干燥干选联合原煤提质设备,其特征在于, 所述热风炉为链条式热风炉或沸腾式热风炉。
8、 一种使用权利要求 1-7中之任一所述干燥干选联合原煤提质 设备的干燥干选联合原煤提质方法, 其包括以下步骤:
1 )使用供煤系统提供干燥供煤和热风炉用煤; 热风炉分为链条 式热风炉和沸腾式热风炉, 当原煤的低位发热值大于 16000kJ/kg即 约 3840大卡/ kg时直接用作链条式热风炉的燃料; 当原煤的低位发 热值小于 16000kJ/kg时釆用沸腾热风炉作为供煤系统的热风炉;
2 )使用热风系统将由在热风炉中生成的烟气经过除火星处理再 与冷空气混合成为 150-280°C左右的热风,经过第一主风机加压供给 干燥系统中的干燥器的下部;
3 )使用干燥系统对原煤进行干燥: 干燥系统使用振动混流干燥 器, 煤流自上而下经过多层振动床流动到出煤口, 热风自下而上穿 过多层振动床经上部的排气口排出, 煤流与热风之间的宏观流动是 逆流, 即在干燥器内部既有煤与热风的垂直交叉流动、 又有煤与热 风的水平逆流;
4 )利用除尘排气系统除尘: 除尘排气系统由除尘器和排风机组 成, 除尘器将废气中的煤粉分离出来, 合并到产品煤中, 处理后的 洁净废气经排风机排空;
5 )使用干选系统分选干燥后的原煤, 将干燥后的原煤分选为精 煤、 中煤和矸石, 精煤作为产品煤销售, 中煤可以并入精煤作产品 煤销售, 也可以回流到进煤口再选,一部分矸石可以作为沸腾热风炉 的燃料, 另一部分矸石作废物处理。
PCT/CN2010/001858 2009-11-19 2010-11-19 一种干燥干选联合原煤提质设备及方法 WO2011060620A1 (zh)

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