WO2011060455A1 - Composition sensibilisante pour un explosif - Google Patents

Composition sensibilisante pour un explosif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011060455A1
WO2011060455A1 PCT/ZA2010/000062 ZA2010000062W WO2011060455A1 WO 2011060455 A1 WO2011060455 A1 WO 2011060455A1 ZA 2010000062 W ZA2010000062 W ZA 2010000062W WO 2011060455 A1 WO2011060455 A1 WO 2011060455A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition according
sensitizing composition
sensitizing
emulsion
microspheres
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ZA2010/000062
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charl Vermaak
Original Assignee
African Explosives Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
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Application filed by African Explosives Limited filed Critical African Explosives Limited
Priority to EP10801092.7A priority Critical patent/EP2396288B1/fr
Priority to BRPI1010269A priority patent/BRPI1010269A2/pt
Priority to RS20130581A priority patent/RS53094B/en
Priority to AU2010319979A priority patent/AU2010319979A1/en
Priority to MA34210A priority patent/MA33151B1/fr
Priority to PL10801092T priority patent/PL2396288T3/pl
Publication of WO2011060455A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011060455A1/fr
Priority to ZA2012/01554A priority patent/ZA201201554B/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
    • C06B47/145—Water in oil emulsion type explosives in which a carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/002—Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
    • C06B23/003—Porous or hollow inert particles

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a sensitizing composition for use with slurry and emulsion explosives (hereinafter collectively referred to as explosives) to provide sensitization through density reduction.
  • explosives slurry and emulsion explosives
  • base emulsion is used to refer to a water-in-oil emulsion comprising an inorganic oxidizer salt solution, for example ammonium nitrate, as a discontinuous phase and an organic fuel as a continuous phase.
  • an inorganic oxidizer salt solution for example ammonium nitrate
  • a base emulsion component of an emulsion explosive typically has a density in a range 1.3 to 1.4 g/cc. At these densities, the base emulsion is not "cap sensitive" i.e. it is too dense, and therefore too insensitive, to be detonated to explode by the initiating shock produced by a blasting cap.
  • a density reducing agent is added to reduce the density typically to within a range 0.9 to 1.1 g/cc.
  • a density reducing agent may be chemical agent for example sodium nitrite, which chemically reacts with the base emulsion to produce density reducing gas bubbles, it may be a mechanical agent, such as a hollow or solid microsphere, or it may be a combination of a chemical and a mechanical agent.
  • An example of the microspheres used in a density reducing context is isobutane plastic enclosed micro-balloons, each with a particle diameter in a range 10-150 pm.
  • Microspheres provide an advantage, over gas bubbles created by a chemical agent, in that they do not coalesce to reduce the sensitivity of the emulsion, and their density reducing effect can be more accurately predicted due to their relatively regular unit dimensions.
  • this advantage is somewhat mitigated by handling difficulties, due to their small particulate size. Consequently, the microspheres easily can become airborne, creating a dust problem, exacerbated in an underground location, and a respiratory irritant.
  • the invention at least partially addresses the aforementioned problems.
  • surfactant and "emulsifier” (hereinafter the terms are used interchangeably) are used to describe an organic compound that exhibits an amphiphilic characteristic, meaning it has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties, which enables a surfactant compound to interface between a hydrophobic organic compound and an aqueous solution to form an emulsion.
  • the invention provides a sensitizing composition to sensitize a base emulsion which includes a carrier emulsion, of a liquid non-polar organic fuel, a surfactant and an aqueous solution, and a plurality of microspheres suspended in the carrier emulsion.
  • the organic fuel may a mineral oil, a vegetable oil or a wax.
  • the surfactant may be any suitable surfactant, for example an SMO (sorbutan mono oleate) or PIBSA (polyisobutylene succinic anhydride) based surfactant.
  • SMO sulfur-sorbutan mono oleate
  • PIBSA polyisobutylene succinic anhydride
  • the aqueous solution may include one or more compounds selected from a group of inorganic salts consisting of ammonium, alkali and alkaline earth metal nitrates, chlorates and perchlorates and a group of organic compounds consisting of organic nitrates, for example MMAN (monomethyl ammonium nitrate), and organic chlorides.
  • inorganic salts consisting of ammonium, alkali and alkaline earth metal nitrates, chlorates and perchlorates
  • organic compounds consisting of organic nitrates, for example MMAN (monomethyl ammonium nitrate), and organic chlorides.
  • the aqueous solution may contain at least calcium nitrate.
  • the aqueous solution is a solution of calcium nitrate and a perchlorate salt, for example sodium perchlorate.
  • the sensitizing composition may contain the following components in the following concentration ranges:
  • the microspheres may be either solid, for example polystyrene spheres or beads of vermiculite, or hollow, for example gas filled micro-balloons of glass, plastic, a resinous material or a carbonaceous material.
  • the microspheres are isobutane filled plastic micro-balloons of the type manufactured by Akzo Nobel.
  • the microspheres may be present in the sensitizing composition in a range 0.5% - 10%. Preferably the range is 1 % - 4% (m/m). More preferably 2% (m/m) of the sensitizing composition comprises microspheres.
  • the average diameter of the microspheres may be in a range 20-160pm. Preferably the range is 60-80pm.
  • the density of the sensitizer composition may be in a range 0.3 to 1.05 g/cc.
  • the sensitizing composition may include a chemical gassing agent, for example sodium nitrite, to provide gas bubbles in the composition which are functionally supplementary to the microspheres.
  • a chemical gassing agent for example sodium nitrite
  • the invention further provides a method of producing an explosive composition which includes the steps of:
  • a sensitizing composition which includes a carrier emulsion, of a liquid non-polar organic fuel, a surfactant and an aqueous solution, and a plurality of microspheres suspended in the carrier emulsion;
  • explosive composition (c) mixing the base emulsion with the sensitizing composition in a respective mass ratio in the range 90:10 to 50:50 to form the explosive composition.
  • explosive composition is used hereinafter to refer to a composition which has been diluted to within a density range of 0.4 - 1.35 g/cc, and thus is sensitized to detonate when initiated, either by booster or cap initiation.
  • the base emulsion may have a density above 1.28 g/cc.
  • the mass ratio of base emulsion to sensitizing composition is 80:20.
  • the organic fuel of the base emulsion and the organic fuel of the sensitizing composition may be the same.
  • the inorganic oxidizer salt solution of the base emulsion includes ammonium nitrate (AN) whilst the aqueous solution of the sensitizing composition includes at least one salt or compound from the following: an ammonium, alkali or alkali earth metal nitrate, chlorate or perchlorate, an organic nitrate and an organic chloride.
  • AN ammonium nitrate
  • the aqueous solution of the sensitizing composition includes at least one salt or compound from the following: an ammonium, alkali or alkali earth metal nitrate, chlorate or perchlorate, an organic nitrate and an organic chloride.
  • the aqueous solution includes calcium nitrate.
  • AN may be excluded from the aqueous solution to render the solution thermodynamically stable relatively to the base emulsion.
  • an explosive mixture 10 is produced from the combination of a base emulsion 12 and a sensitizing composition 14 which is in accordance with the present invention.
  • the base emulsion 12 as hereinabove generally defined, can be any inorganic oxidizer salt solution 16 and organic fuel 18 combination, with a density in a range 1.3 to 1.4 g/cc, emulsified with a suitable emulsifier 20.
  • the sensitizing composition 14 comprises a carrier emulsion 22 of a fuel phase 24 and an aqueous phase 26 to which is added the plastic or glass micro-balloons 28.
  • the fuel phase 24 is a mixture of an organic hydrocarbon fuel 30, for example a mineral oil, and surfactant 32 such as PIBSA and/or SMO.
  • the aqueous phase 26 is an aqueous solution of calcium nitrate.
  • another oxidizer salt for example sodium perchlorate, can be included in the aqueous solution.
  • the sensitizing composition 14 contains the following components in the following concentrations:
  • micro-balloons 2% (m/m).
  • the sensitizing composition 14 is mixed with the base emulsion 12, in situ, in the mass ratio (sensitizing composition to base emulsion) of 20:80, to produce the explosive mixture which has a density within the range 0.9 to 1.1 g/cc.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une composition sensibilisante permettant de sensibiliser une émulsion de base, devant être utilisée dans une composition explosive, qui comprend une émulsion formant véhicule, d'un combustible organique non polaire liquide, un agent tensioactif et une solution aqueuse, et une pluralité de microsphères en suspension dans l'émulsion formant véhicule.
PCT/ZA2010/000062 2009-11-12 2010-10-21 Composition sensibilisante pour un explosif WO2011060455A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10801092.7A EP2396288B1 (fr) 2009-11-12 2010-10-21 Utilisation d'une composition sensibilisante pour un explosif
BRPI1010269A BRPI1010269A2 (pt) 2009-11-12 2010-10-21 composicao sensibilizante para um explosivo
RS20130581A RS53094B (en) 2009-11-12 2010-10-21 USE OF SENSIBLE COMPOSITIONS FOR EXPLOSIVES
AU2010319979A AU2010319979A1 (en) 2009-11-12 2010-10-21 A sensitizing composition for an explosive
MA34210A MA33151B1 (fr) 2009-11-12 2010-10-21 Composition sensibilisante pour un explosif
PL10801092T PL2396288T3 (pl) 2009-11-12 2010-10-21 Zastosowanie kompozycji uczulającej do środka wybuchowego
ZA2012/01554A ZA201201554B (en) 2009-11-12 2012-03-07 A sensitizing composition for an explosive

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA2009/07945 2009-11-12
ZA200907945 2009-11-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011060455A1 true WO2011060455A1 (fr) 2011-05-19

Family

ID=43778196

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ZA2010/000062 WO2011060455A1 (fr) 2009-11-12 2010-10-21 Composition sensibilisante pour un explosif

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2396288B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2010319979A1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI1010269A2 (fr)
CL (1) CL2011003032A1 (fr)
MA (1) MA33151B1 (fr)
PE (1) PE20121143A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL2396288T3 (fr)
RS (1) RS53094B (fr)
WO (1) WO2011060455A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201201554B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102910992A (zh) * 2012-10-24 2013-02-06 雅化集团三台化工有限公司 用树脂微球进行乳化炸药物理敏化的工艺
FR3021313A1 (fr) * 2014-05-20 2015-11-27 Nitrates & Innovation Produit explosif en cartouche obtenu a partir de melange d'emulsion et de billes de polystyrene

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1262973A (en) * 1969-04-01 1972-02-09 Atlas Chem Ind Blasting composition
GB1344148A (en) * 1970-10-15 1974-01-16 Dow Chemical Co Explosive compositon
EP0228354A1 (fr) * 1985-12-23 1987-07-08 Nitro Nobel Aktiebolag Procédé de préparation d'une émulsion explosive du type eau-dans-l'huile et composition oxydante pour l'utilisation dans le procédé
WO1989002881A1 (fr) * 1987-09-30 1989-04-06 Mining Services International Corporation Procedes et compositions relatives a des agents emulsifies a degagements gazeux destines a sensibliser des compositions explosives
AU598162B2 (en) * 1987-11-18 1990-06-14 Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Limited Binding additive for explosive compositions
US5074939A (en) * 1989-09-05 1991-12-24 Ici Australia Operations Proprietary Limited Explosive composition
WO1994027933A1 (fr) * 1993-05-25 1994-12-08 Nelson Brothers, Inc. Procede pour faire varier la vitesse de detonation d'une composition explosive
EP0775681A1 (fr) * 1995-11-24 1997-05-28 ICI Canada Inc. Microémulsion et système oleosoluble générateur de gaz
WO1997030955A1 (fr) * 1996-02-22 1997-08-28 Nelson Brothers, Inc. Emulsion a deux phases convenant aux compositions explosives
WO2008026124A2 (fr) * 2006-08-29 2008-03-06 African Explosives Limited Explosif en émulsion

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4356044A (en) * 1981-03-23 1982-10-26 Ireco Chemicals Emulsion explosives containing high concentrations of calcium nitrate

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1262973A (en) * 1969-04-01 1972-02-09 Atlas Chem Ind Blasting composition
GB1344148A (en) * 1970-10-15 1974-01-16 Dow Chemical Co Explosive compositon
EP0228354A1 (fr) * 1985-12-23 1987-07-08 Nitro Nobel Aktiebolag Procédé de préparation d'une émulsion explosive du type eau-dans-l'huile et composition oxydante pour l'utilisation dans le procédé
WO1989002881A1 (fr) * 1987-09-30 1989-04-06 Mining Services International Corporation Procedes et compositions relatives a des agents emulsifies a degagements gazeux destines a sensibliser des compositions explosives
AU598162B2 (en) * 1987-11-18 1990-06-14 Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Limited Binding additive for explosive compositions
US5074939A (en) * 1989-09-05 1991-12-24 Ici Australia Operations Proprietary Limited Explosive composition
WO1994027933A1 (fr) * 1993-05-25 1994-12-08 Nelson Brothers, Inc. Procede pour faire varier la vitesse de detonation d'une composition explosive
EP0775681A1 (fr) * 1995-11-24 1997-05-28 ICI Canada Inc. Microémulsion et système oleosoluble générateur de gaz
WO1997030955A1 (fr) * 1996-02-22 1997-08-28 Nelson Brothers, Inc. Emulsion a deux phases convenant aux compositions explosives
WO2008026124A2 (fr) * 2006-08-29 2008-03-06 African Explosives Limited Explosif en émulsion

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102910992A (zh) * 2012-10-24 2013-02-06 雅化集团三台化工有限公司 用树脂微球进行乳化炸药物理敏化的工艺
FR3021313A1 (fr) * 2014-05-20 2015-11-27 Nitrates & Innovation Produit explosif en cartouche obtenu a partir de melange d'emulsion et de billes de polystyrene

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CL2011003032A1 (es) 2012-07-06
EP2396288A1 (fr) 2011-12-21
BRPI1010269A2 (pt) 2018-02-27
EP2396288B1 (fr) 2013-12-11
AU2010319979A1 (en) 2011-10-13
MA33151B1 (fr) 2012-03-01
ZA201201554B (en) 2012-11-28
RS53094B (en) 2014-06-30
PE20121143A1 (es) 2012-08-27
PL2396288T3 (pl) 2014-04-30

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