WO2011057579A1 - 外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机 - Google Patents

外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011057579A1
WO2011057579A1 PCT/CN2010/078681 CN2010078681W WO2011057579A1 WO 2011057579 A1 WO2011057579 A1 WO 2011057579A1 CN 2010078681 W CN2010078681 W CN 2010078681W WO 2011057579 A1 WO2011057579 A1 WO 2011057579A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pumping unit
traction
steel rope
outer rotor
rotor motor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/078681
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵平
赵伟民
李云峰
常宝平
Original Assignee
Zhao Ping
Zhao Weimin
Li Yunfeng
Chang Baoping
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhao Ping, Zhao Weimin, Li Yunfeng, Chang Baoping filed Critical Zhao Ping
Publication of WO2011057579A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011057579A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B47/00—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps
    • F04B47/02—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps the driving mechanisms being situated at ground level
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/126—Adaptations of down-hole pump systems powered by drives outside the borehole, e.g. by a rotary or oscillating drive

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pumping unit, and more particularly to an outer rotor motor direct traction type pumping unit.
  • the various conventional pumping units of the prior art employ complex mechanisms and devices, which have large power consumption, low efficiency, high equipment cost, troublesome installation and maintenance, poor reliability, and high risk.
  • the outer rotor motor direct traction type pumping unit provided by the invention simplifies the structure and mechanism, greatly reduces power loss and improves work efficiency.
  • the technical proposal of the present invention is an outer rotor motor direct traction type pumping unit, which comprises a low speed high torque permanent magnet motor, an upper guard rail, a ladder, a traction system, a lifter, a cross beam, a support column, a counterweight, and a pumping oil.
  • Rod two-story platform, activity ladder, control box, manual brake system, moving clamping mechanism, track, wellhead, concrete foundation, etc.
  • the low-speed high-torque permanent magnet motor runs at low speed, and there are many heat dissipation holes at both ends of the hollow rotor, which greatly reduces the heating phenomenon of the system, and can well avoid the demagnetization phenomenon and ensure the long-term use of the motor.
  • the low-speed high-torque permanent magnet motor can be an outer rotor type or an inner rotor type.
  • the control adopts the encoderless frequency conversion control system, which has the functions of rectification, anti-skid, etc., and can adjust the operation stroke and stroke according to the specific well condition of the pumping unit. Since the starting torque is 2.5 times that of a normal motor, the advantages of low power consumption and direct drive can be fully utilized.
  • the motor is protected by integral or separable shields to prevent the erosion of wind and rain; the upper guardrail is used for the safety protection of the operator; the magnification 2 extraction system not only meets the power transmission and operation requirements of the pumping unit, but also The weight of the balance weight is reduced; the low center of gravity extractor is used for pulling up and down the rod pump, and the slanting phenomenon of the sucker rod caused by the high center of gravity is eliminated; the cross beam is used for workover and the like; the support column is pumped The main structure of the oil machine operation; the manual brake system is used for the brake of the motor during workover or temporary adjustment; the moving clamping mechanism is used for shifting the whole machine during workover, and the workover space is given out; the emergency brake is used for pumping When the oil rod is broken, it is prevented from balancing and bottoming.
  • External rotor motor direct traction pumping unit traction system fixed by low speed high torque permanent magnet motor, adjustable balance end Steel rope head combination, sucker rod puller end fixed steel rope head combination, traction steel rope, sucker rod puller end moving pulley set, sucker rod puller, adjustable balance heavy end movable pulley set, adjustable Balance weight, sucker rod, wellhead and other components.
  • the traction system is a labor-saving flexible system composed of a plurality of steel ropes with a magnification of 2, a movable pulley, a fixed steel rope head combination, and a traction sheave that is rigidly connected with a low-speed high-torque permanent magnet motor, which is passed through a steel rope and a traction sheave.
  • the traction generated by the frictional force generates traction power.
  • the sucker rod puller and the adjustable balance weight are unbalanced at both ends, it can be relatively slipped to prevent the motor from being overloaded; the sucker rod puller has a gravity return function to prevent the sucker rod from being eccentric; the dynamometer card holder
  • the sensor can be calibrated at any time; the adjustable balance weight is welded into a hollow structure by steel plate, and the concrete is filled with large specific gravity.
  • the balance is hollow at the center. There are two-way sliding doors in front, which are used to fill the active weights. The weight of the different suspension loads is adjusted to balance the load at the end of the lifter.
  • the fixed steel rope head combination and the support are composed of an adjustable steel rope head cover, a steel rope head cover front seat plate, a steel rope head cover rear seat plate, a clamping screw, a traction steel rope and the like.
  • the fixed steel rope head combination is used in conjunction with the wheel groove spacing of the motor traction sheave.
  • the narrower wheel groove spacing makes the thickness of the traction sheave small, but the fixed end arrangement is difficult. After adopting the illustrated mechanism, the groove distance can be ensured, and the twisting of the steel rope caused by different surface arrangements and the lateral force caused by the clamping plate clamp can be prevented from adversely affecting the steel rope, thereby improving the service life of the steel rope.
  • the adjustable steel rope head sleeve is arranged at different angular positions of the steel rope head sleeve, which makes the adjustment of the steel rope head sleeve convenient. It consists of a wedge, a rope cap, a rope cap jacket, a rope cap adjusting nut, a set screw, a traction steel cord, and the like.
  • the traction steel rope and the rope cap are cemented by babbitt or consolidated by alloy steel joints, which can make the traction work well; the thread combination of the rope cap and the rope cap adjustment nut can adjust the length between the steel ropes. Keep it evenly stressed; After the adjustment is completed, put on the rope cap jacket and tighten with the set screws.
  • the outer rotor motor direct traction type pumping unit bracket column is composed of an upper platform flange, a bracket column, an upper ladder, a beam hole, a ladder manhole door, a second floor platform, an active ladder, a base and the like.
  • the bracket column is a main support structure of the pumping unit, and has the characteristics of light weight, high strength and beautiful appearance compared with other bracket structures.
  • the stand column can be a cylindrical stand column or a truss stand.
  • a manhole is opened on the lower side of the cylinder support column for adjusting the balance weight and its guide rails, and adjusting the limit device.
  • the upper and lower parts of the cylinder support column are provided with a load beam jack for inserting the load beam and performing workover operations.
  • the upper and lower ends of the cylindrical support column have flanges for connection to the upper platform and the base.
  • the truss columns are available in both fixed and removable styles. Due to their open exterior space, transportation and installation operations are more convenient.
  • the frame of the truss columns is surrounded by iron mesh for safety.
  • the outer rotor motor direct traction type pumping unit power system consists of manual brake, low speed high torque permanent magnet motor, motor seat, brake seat, adjustable fixed steel rope head, upper platform, maintenance special steel rope hanger. Since the low-speed high-torque permanent magnet motor has a large outer casing diameter, the manual brake mechanism that is fitted thereon is composed of a plurality of levers, and the terminal braking force is set to be within 15 kg, which satisfies the ergonomic requirements.
  • the outer rotor motor direct traction pumping unit power system is installed on the upper platform, the upper platform is a steel plate welded structure, and the oil and steel parts are repaired on both sides of the front and front ends.
  • the outer rotor motor direct traction type pumping unit upper guardrail consisting of left and right side guardrails, front and rear side guardrails, guardrail connecting plates, LOGO, base, steel mesh pedals, etc.
  • the combined structure is convenient for transportation, and the plane size is designed according to the method of 0. 618.
  • the double curved shape of the façade interacts with the support column to form a whole.
  • the front end of the iron mesh pedal is vacant, which is convenient for the traction mechanism to operate; the rear end has a shutter open to the ladder, which is convenient for climbing, and is used as part of the platform after being closed.
  • External rotor motor direct traction type pumping unit base and foundation, vertical adjustment support, horizontal adjustment support balance weight drop bottom buffer, rail clamp, whole machine horizontal displacement device, horizontal displacement guide, electric control box, lower Platform, concrete foundation, etc.
  • the concrete foundation can be changed according to the geographical location and climate of the oilfield or oil well; the concrete foundation is provided with lifting anchors, cable passages, anchor bolts for the rails and retaining holes for fixing the base of the pumping unit.
  • the track is made up of light rails, and the middle track has equal spacing slots for the pumping unit to shift.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a direct traction type pumping unit of an outer rotor motor according to the present invention.
  • 2 is a schematic structural view of a low-speed, high-torque outer rotor permanent magnet motor.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the traction system of the direct traction pumping unit of the outer rotor motor.
  • Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the outer rotor motor direct traction pumping unit bracket column.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the fixed steel cord head and the support.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the combination of a fixed upper platform and a guardrail.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the power system of the direct traction type pumping unit of the outer rotor motor.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the upper guard rail of the direct traction type pumping unit of the outer rotor motor.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the base and the basic structure of the direct traction type pumping unit of the outer rotor motor.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of the low center of gravity extractor.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the balanced weight combination structure of the adjustable weight.
  • the symbol 1 in the figure indicates the outer rotor low speed high torque permanent magnet motor; the symbol 1-1 indicates the permanent magnet motor main body;
  • symbol 1-2 is represented as a double-side traction sheave; symbol 1-3 is represented as a motor bearing housing; symbol 1-4 is represented as a motor base; symbol 2 is represented as an upper platform; symbol 3 is represented as a traction system; symbol 4 is represented as a pumping system; Oil rod lifter; symbol 5 is shown as a stand column; symbol 6 is shown as a sucker rod; symbol 7 is shown as a ladder; symbol 8 is a cross beam; symbol 9 is a two-layer platform; symbol 10 is represented as an active ladder; Reference numeral 11 denotes a manual brake system; symbol 12 denotes a control box; symbol 13 denotes a moving clamping mechanism; symbol 14 denotes a track; symbol 15 denotes a wellhead; symbol 16 denotes a concrete foundation; symbol 17 denotes an adjustable Balanced heavy end fixed steel rope head combination; symbol 18 is shown as sucker rod puller end fixed steel rope head combination; symbol 19 is shown as traction steel rope; symbol 20 is shown as sucker rod puller end moving pull
  • the outer rotor motor direct traction type pumping unit is shown in Fig. 1.
  • Low-speed high-torque permanent magnet motor, as shown in Figure 2 runs at low speed, and has many cooling holes at both ends of the hollow rotor, which greatly reduces the system heating phenomenon, can avoid demagnetization and ensure long-term use of the motor.
  • the low-speed high-torque permanent magnet motor can be an outer rotor type or an inner rotor type.
  • the control adopts the encoderless frequency conversion control system, which has the functions of rectification, anti-skid, etc., and can adjust the operation stroke and stroke according to the specific well condition of the pumping unit. Since the starting torque is 2.5 times that of a normal motor, the advantages of low power consumption and direct drive can be fully utilized.
  • the motor is protected by integral or separable shields to prevent the erosion of wind and rain; the upper guardrail is used for the safety protection of the operator; the magnification 2 extraction system not only meets the power transmission and operation requirements of the pumping unit, but also The weight of the balance weight is reduced; the low center of gravity extractor is used for pulling up and down the rod pump, and the slanting phenomenon of the sucker rod caused by the high center of gravity is eliminated; the cross beam is used for workover and the like; the support column is pumped The main structure of the oil machine operation; the manual brake system is used for the brake of the motor during workover or temporary adjustment; the moving clamping mechanism is used for shifting the whole machine during workover, and the workover space is given out; the emergency brake is used for pumping When the oil rod is broken, it is prevented from balancing and bottoming.
  • the outer rotor motor direct traction pumping unit traction system is shown in Figure 3.
  • the low-speed high-torque permanent magnet motor and the adjustable balance weight are shown in Figure 11.
  • the end-fixed steel rope head combination and the sucker rod puller are shown in Figure 10.
  • the traction system is a labor-saving flexible system composed of a plurality of steel ropes with a magnification of 2, a movable pulley, a fixed steel rope head combination, and a traction sheave that is rigidly connected with a low-speed high-torque permanent magnet motor, which is passed through a steel rope and a traction sheave.
  • the traction generated by the frictional force generates traction power.
  • the slip can be relatively slipped to prevent the motor from being overloaded;
  • the sucker rod puller has a gravity return function to prevent the sucker rod from being eccentric;
  • the dynamometer deck The sensor can be calibrated at any time;
  • the adjustable balance weight is welded into a hollow structure by steel plate, and the concrete is filled with large specific gravity.
  • the balance is hollow at the center. There are two-way sliding doors in front, which are used to fill the active weights. The weight of the different suspension loads is adjusted to balance the load at the end of the lifter.
  • the fixed steel rope head combination and the support are as shown in Fig. 4.
  • the fixed steel rope head combination is used in conjunction with the wheel groove spacing of the motor traction sheave.
  • the pitch of the wheel groove can make the thickness of the traction sheave small, but it is difficult to arrange the fixed end.
  • the adjustable steel rope head sleeve is arranged at different angular positions of the steel rope head sleeve, which makes the adjustment of the steel rope head sleeve convenient. It consists of a wedge, a rope cap, a rope cap jacket, a rope cap adjusting nut, a set screw, a traction steel cord, and the like.
  • the traction steel rope and the rope cap are cemented by babbitt or consolidated by alloy steel joints, which can make the traction work well; the thread combination of the rope cap and the rope cap adjustment nut can adjust the length between the steel ropes. Keep it evenly stressed; After the adjustment is completed, put on the rope cap jacket and tighten with the set screws.
  • the outer rotor motor direct traction pumping unit bracket column is shown in Figure 5.
  • the bracket column is a main support structure of the pumping unit, and has the characteristics of light weight, high strength and beautiful appearance compared with other bracket structures.
  • a manhole is opened on the lower side of the cylinder support column for adjusting the balance weight and its guide rails, and adjusting the limit device.
  • the upper and lower parts of the cylinder support column are provided with a load beam jack for inserting the load beam and performing workover operations.
  • the upper and lower ends of the cylindrical support column have flanges for connection to the upper platform and the base.
  • the truss columns are available in both fixed and removable styles.
  • the frame of the truss columns is surrounded by iron mesh for safety.
  • the outer rotor motor direct traction pumping unit power system is shown in Figure 6 as the integral upper platform combination, and Figure 7 is the detachable upper platform combination, consisting of manual brake, low speed high torque permanent magnet motor, motor base, brake seat, Adjustable steel rope head, upper platform, maintenance special steel rope hangers and other components. Since the low-speed high-torque permanent magnet motor has a large outer casing diameter, the manual brake mechanism that is fitted thereon is composed of a plurality of levers, and the terminal braking force is set to be within 15 kg, which satisfies the ergonomic requirements.
  • the outer rotor motor direct traction pumping unit power system is installed on the upper platform, the upper platform is a steel plate welded structure, and the oil and steel parts are repaired on both sides of the front and front ends.
  • the outer rotor motor direct traction type pumping unit upper guardrail as shown in Figure 6 fixed guardrail, Figure 8 detachable guardrail, consists of left and right side guardrail, front and rear side guardrail, guardrail connecting plate, L0G0, base, steel mesh pedal and so on.
  • the combined structure is convenient for transportation, and the plane size is designed according to the method of 0. 618.
  • the double curved shape of the façade interacts with the support column to form a whole.
  • the front end of the iron mesh pedal is vacant, which is convenient for the traction mechanism to operate; the rear end has a shutter open to the ladder, which is convenient for climbing, and is used as part of the platform after being closed.
  • the outer rotor motor direct traction pumping unit base and foundation are shown in Figure 9.
  • the concrete foundation can be changed according to the geographical location and climate of the oilfield or oil well; the concrete foundation is provided with lifting anchors, cable passages, anchor bolts for the rails and retaining holes for fixing the base of the pumping unit.
  • the track is made up of light rails, and the middle track has equal spacing slots for the pumping unit to shift.
  • the vertical adjustment support and the horizontal adjustment support adjust the vertical and horizontal position of the pumping unit to match the wellhead and the sucker rod.
  • the balance weight drop buffer is used for a balanced fall caused by an accident.
  • the rail clamp is mainly used for the positioning of the pumping unit after the work shifting, and can also be used for the usual stable operation. The displacement of the whole machine is manually moved by the manual pump and the hydraulic jack to complete the shifting or seating operation, and the structure is simple and convenient.

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Description

外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机 技术领域 本发明涉及一种抽油机， 具体说是外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机。 现有技术 现有的各种抽油机采用了复杂的机构和装置， 动力消耗大、效率低、 设备成本高， 安装和维修也非常麻烦， 可靠性差， 危险性大。 发明内容 有鉴于此， 本发明提供的外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机简化结构和机构， 大幅降低动 力损耗、 提高作业效率。 本发明的技术方案是外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机， 由低速大扭矩永磁电机、上护栏、 爬梯、 曳引系统、 提引器、 横担梁、 支架立柱、 平衡重、 抽油杆、 二层平台、 活动梯、 控 制箱、 手动制动系统、 移动夹紧机构、 轨道、 井口、 混凝土基础等组成。 低速大扭矩永磁电机低速运转， 且中空转子两端开有许多散热孔， 大幅减少了系统发 热现象， 可很好的避免去磁现象， 确保电机长期使用。 低速大扭矩永磁电机可采用外转子式和内转子式。 其控制采用无编码器变频控制系 统， 具有纠偏、 防滑等功能， 可根据抽油机的具体井况调节运行冲次、 冲程等功能。 由于 其启动力矩为普通电机的 2. 5倍， 可以充分发挥其节电低耗和直驱的优点。 电机采用整体式或可分开式护罩保护起来， 防止风雨灰尘的侵蚀； 上护栏用于操作人 员作业时的安全防护； 倍率 2的提引系统不仅满足抽油机的动力传递和运行要求， 还减少 了平衡重的质量； 低重心提引器用于有杆抽油泵上下运动的牵引， 并消除了高重心引起的 抽油杆偏磨现象； 横担梁用于修井等作业； 支架立柱是抽油机运行的主结构； 手动制动系 统用于修井或临时调整作业时电机的制动； 移动夹紧机构用于修井时整机移位， 让出修井 空间； 紧急制动器用于抽油杆断裂时， 防止置平衡重冲底。 外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机曳引系统， 由低速大扭矩永磁电机、 可调平衡重端固定 钢绳头组合、 抽油杆提引器端固定钢绳头组合、 曳引钢绳、 抽油杆提引器端动滑轮组、 抽 油杆提引器、 可调平衡重端动滑轮组、 可调式平衡重、 抽油杆、 井口等组成。 曳引系统为 倍率 2的多根钢绳通过动滑轮、 固定钢绳头组合和与低速大扭矩永磁电机钢性连接的曳引 轮等构成的省力柔性系统， 它是通过钢绳与曳引轮间的摩擦力生成的曳引力产生牵引动力 的。 当抽油杆提引器和可调式平衡重两端不平衡时， 可相对滑移， 防止电机过载； 抽油杆 提引器具有重力归位功能， 防止抽油杆偏磨； 测功用卡座， 随时卡换传感器测功； 可调式 平衡重由钢板焊成中空结构， 内部装填大比重混凝土， 平衡重中部中空， 前有双向拉门， 用于填装活动配重块， 可根据井位的不同悬点载荷进行重量调节， 使之与提引器端的悬点 载荷保持平衡。 固定钢绳头组合与支座， 由可调钢绳头套、 钢绳头套前座板、 钢绳头套后座板、 夹紧 螺钉、 曳引钢绳等组成。 固定钢绳头组合是与电机曳引轮的轮槽间距配合使用， 较窄轮槽 间距可使曳引轮的厚度小， 但固定端布置困难。 采用图示机构后， 既能保证槽距， 又防止 不同面布置引起的钢绳扭转和采用夹板夹引起的横向力对钢绳的不良影响， 提高了钢绳的 使用寿命。 可调钢绳头套设在钢绳头套座的不同角度位置上， 使钢绳头套调节方便。 它由楔子、 绳帽、 绳帽外套、 绳帽调节螺母、 定位螺钉、 曳引钢绳等组成。 曳引钢绳和绳帽采用巴氏 合金浇注固结或采用合金钢接头加压固结， 可使牵引力很好发挥； 绳帽和绳帽调节螺母的 螺纹组合可调节各个钢绳间的长度， 使之保持均匀受力； 调节完成后， 套上绳帽外套并用 定位螺钉紧定。 外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机支架立柱， 由上平台法兰、 支架立柱、 上部爬梯、 担梁 孔、 带爬梯人孔门、 二层平台、 活动爬梯、 底座等组成。 支架立柱是一种抽油机的主支撑 结构， 与其他支架结构相比具有重量轻， 强度大， 外形美观的特点。 支架立柱可以是圆筒 支架立柱或桁架立柱。 圆筒支架立柱下侧开有人孔， 用于可调平衡重及其导轨的调节， 限 位装置的调节等。 圆筒支架立柱的上下部， 开有担梁插孔， 用于插入担梁， 进行修井作业 等。 圆筒支架立柱的上下端都有法兰， 用于与上平台和底座的连接。 桁架立柱有固定式和 可拆装式两种， 因其外部空间开放， 运输和安装操作时更便利； 桁架立柱的框架四周都用 铁网封住， 以提高安全度。 外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机动力系统， 由手动制动器、 低速大扭矩永磁电机、 电机 座、 制动器座、 可调式固定钢绳头、 上平台、 维修专用钢绳挂耳等组成。 由于低速大扭矩永磁电机的外壳直径较大， 套装在其上的手动制动器机构通过多个杠 杆组成， 终端制动力设为 15kg 以内， 满足人体工程学要求。 外转子电机直接曳引式抽油 机动力系统安装在上平台上， 上平台为钢板焊接结构， 其中部和前端部两侧焊有油 7维修 专用钢绳挂耳。 外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机上护栏，由左右侧护栏、前后侧护栏、护栏连接板、 LOGO, 底座、 钢网踏板等组成。 其组合结构便于运输， 平面尺寸按 0. 618法设计， 立面的双弧形 造型与支架立柱互应， 形成一个整体。 铁网踏板前端空置， 便于曳引机构运行； 后端对着 爬梯开有活门， 既便于攀爬， 关闭后又作为平台的一部分使用。 外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机底座和基础， 由垂直调节支座、 水平调节支座平衡重落 底缓冲器、 夹轨器、 整机水平位移装置、 水平位移导轨、 电控箱、 下平台、 混凝土基础等 组成。混凝土基础可根据油田或油井的地理位置及气候改变；混凝土基础上设有吊运吊耳、 电缆通道、 轨道的地脚螺栓和固定抽油机底座的予留孔。 轨道采用轻轨组合而成， 中间的 轨道上开有等间距槽， 用于抽油机移位。 垂直调节支座和水平调节支座分别调节抽油机的 垂直和水平位置， 使其与井口和抽油杆协调一致。 平衡重落底缓冲器用于因事故引起的平 衡重坠落。 夹轨器主要用于修井移位后抽油机的定位， 也可用于平时的稳定作业。 整机位 移采用手动泵和液压千斤顶两次顶推来完成移位或就位作业， 结构简单便利。 附图说明 图 1为本发明的外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机结构示意图。 图 2为低速大扭矩外转子永磁电机结构示意图。 图 3为外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机曳引系统示意图。 图 4外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机支架立柱示意图。 图 5为固定钢绳头组合与支座结构示意图。 图 6为固定式上平台与护栏组合示意图。 图 7为外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机动力系统结构示意图。 图 8为外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机上护栏结构示意图。 图 9为外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机底座和基础结构示意图。 图 10为低重心提引器结构示意图。 图 11为可调配重的平衡重组合结构示意图。 图中符号 1表示为外转子低速大扭矩永磁电机； 符号 1-1表示为永磁电机主体； 符号
1-2表示为双侧曳引轮； 符号 1-3表示为电机轴承座； 符号 1-4表示为电机底座； 符号 2 表示为上平台； 符号 3表示为曳引系统； 符号 4表示为抽油杆提引器； 符号 5表示为支架 立柱； 符号 6表示为抽油杆； 符号 7表示为爬梯； 符号 8表示为横担梁； 符号 9表示为二 层平台； 符号 10表示为活动梯； 符号 11表示为手动制动系统； 符号 12表示为控制箱； 符号 13表示为移动夹紧机构； 符号 14表示为轨道； 符号 15表示为井口； 符号 16表示为 混凝土基础； 符号 17表示为可调平衡重端固定钢绳头组合； 符号 18表示为抽油杆提引器 端固定钢绳头组合； 符号 19表示为曳引钢绳； 符号 20表示为抽油杆提引器端动滑轮组； 符号 21表示为可调平衡重端动滑轮组； 符号 22表示为可调式平衡重； 符号 23号表示为 支架立柱连接法兰或连接套； 符号 24表示为担梁孔； 符号 25表示为带爬梯人孔门或维修 门； 符号 26表示为支架立柱底座； 符号 27表示为可调钢绳头套； 符号 28表示为钢绳头 套前座板或圆弧座板； 符号 29表示为钢绳头套后座板； 符号 30表示为夹紧螺钉； 符号 31 表示为导向夹套； 符号 32表示为与上平台固连的护栏； 符号 33表示为上平台； 符号 34 表示为安装节； 符号 35表示为手动制动器； 符号 36表示为电机座； 符号 37表示为制动 器座； 符号 38表示为上平台； 符号 39表示为维修专用钢绳挂耳； 符号 40表示为左右侧 护栏； 符号 41表示为前后侧护栏； 符号 42表示为护栏连接板； 符号 43表示为 LOGO; 符 号 44表示为底座； 符号 45表示为铁网踏板； 符号 46表示为垂直调节支座； 符号 47表示 为水平调节支座； 符号 48表示为平衡重落底缓冲器； 符号 49表示为夹轨器； 符号 50表 示为整机水平位移装置； 符号 51表示为水平位移导轨； 符号 52表示为下平台； 符号 53 表示为活动平衡梁； 符号 54表示为平衡重运动导向装置； 符号 55表示为平衡重连接导向 装置； 符号 56表示为紧急制动器弹簧； 符号 57表示为紧急制动器导向轴； 符号 58表示 为紧急制动器连杆； 符号 59表示为紧急制动器压紧装置； 符号 60表示为平衡重活动门。 具体实施方式 如图所示， 外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机如图 1， 由低速大扭矩永磁电机、 上护栏、 爬梯、 曳引系统、 提引器、 横担梁、 支架立柱、 平衡重、 抽油杆、 二层平台、 活动梯、 控 制箱、 手动制动系统、 移动夹紧机构、 轨道、 井口、 混凝土基础等组成。 低速大扭矩永磁电机， 如图 2， 低速运转， 且中空转子两端开有许多散热孔， 大幅减 少了系统发热现象， 可很好的避免去磁现象， 确保电机长期使用。 低速大扭矩永磁电机可采用外转子式和内转子式。 其控制采用无编码器变频控制系 统， 具有纠偏、 防滑等功能， 可根据抽油机的具体井况调节运行冲次、 冲程等功能。 由于 其启动力矩为普通电机的 2. 5倍， 可以充分发挥其节电低耗和直驱的优点。 电机采用整体式或可分开式护罩保护起来， 防止风雨灰尘的侵蚀； 上护栏用于操作人 员作业时的安全防护； 倍率 2的提引系统不仅满足抽油机的动力传递和运行要求， 还减少 了平衡重的质量； 低重心提引器用于有杆抽油泵上下运动的牵引， 并消除了高重心引起的 抽油杆偏磨现象； 横担梁用于修井等作业； 支架立柱是抽油机运行的主结构； 手动制动系 统用于修井或临时调整作业时电机的制动； 移动夹紧机构用于修井时整机移位， 让出修井 空间； 紧急制动器用于抽油杆断裂时， 防止置平衡重冲底。 外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机曳引系统如图 3， 由低速大扭矩永磁电机、可调平衡重， 如图 11， 端固定钢绳头组合、 抽油杆提引器见图 10端固定钢绳头组合、 曳引钢绳、 抽油 杆提引器端动滑轮组、 抽油杆提引器、 可调平衡重端动滑轮组、 可调式平衡重、 抽油杆、 井口等组成。 曳引系统为倍率 2的多根钢绳通过动滑轮、 固定钢绳头组合和与低速大扭矩 永磁电机钢性连接的曳引轮等构成的省力柔性系统， 它是通过钢绳与曳引轮间的摩擦力生 成的曳引力产生牵引动力的。当抽油杆提引器和可调式平衡重两端不平衡时，可相对滑移， 防止电机过载； 抽油杆提引器具有重力归位功能， 防止抽油杆偏磨； 测功用卡座， 随时卡 换传感器测功； 可调式平衡重由钢板焊成中空结构， 内部装填大比重混凝土， 平衡重中部 中空， 前有双向拉门， 用于填装活动配重块， 可根据井位的不同悬点载荷进行重量调节， 使之与提引器端的悬点载荷保持平衡。 固定钢绳头组合与支座如图 4， 由可调钢绳头套、 钢绳头套前座板、 钢绳头套后座板、 夹紧螺钉、 曳引钢绳等组成。 固定钢绳头组合是与电机曳引轮的轮槽间距配合使用， 较窄 轮槽间距可使曳引轮的厚度小， 但固定端布置困难。 采用图示机构后， 既能保证槽距， 又 防止不同面布置引起的钢绳扭转和采用夹板夹引起的横向力对钢绳的不良影响， 提高了钢 绳的使用寿命。 可调钢绳头套设在钢绳头套座的不同角度位置上， 使钢绳头套调节方便。 它由楔子、 绳帽、 绳帽外套、 绳帽调节螺母、 定位螺钉、 曳引钢绳等组成。 曳引钢绳和绳帽采用巴氏 合金浇注固结或采用合金钢接头加压固结， 可使牵引力很好发挥； 绳帽和绳帽调节螺母的 螺纹组合可调节各个钢绳间的长度， 使之保持均匀受力； 调节完成后， 套上绳帽外套并用 定位螺钉紧定。 外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机支架立柱如图 5， 由上平台法兰、 圆筒支架立柱、 上部 爬梯、 担梁孔、 带爬梯人孔门、 二层平台、 活动爬梯、 底座等组成。 支架立柱是一种抽油 机的主支撑结构， 与其他支架结构相比具有重量轻， 强度大， 外形美观的特点。 圆筒支架 立柱下侧开有人孔， 用于可调平衡重及其导轨的调节， 限位装置的调节等。 圆筒支架立柱 的上下部， 开有担梁插孔， 用于插入担梁， 进行修井作业等。 圆筒支架立柱的上下端都有 法兰， 用于与上平台和底座的连接。 桁架立柱有固定式和可拆装式两种， 因其外部空间开 放， 运输和安装操作时更便利； 桁架立柱的框架四周都用铁网封住， 以提高安全度。 外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机动力系统如图 6为整体式上平台组合、 图 7为可拆式上 平台组合， 由手动制动器、 低速大扭矩永磁电机、 电机座、 制动器座、 可调式固定钢绳头、 上平台、 维修专用钢绳挂耳等组成。 由于低速大扭矩永磁电机的外壳直径较大， 套装在其上的手动制动器机构通过多个杠 杆组成， 终端制动力设为 15kg 以内， 满足人体工程学要求。 外转子电机直接曳引式抽油 机动力系统安装在上平台上， 上平台为钢板焊接结构， 其中部和前端部两侧焊有油 7维修 专用钢绳挂耳。 外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机上护栏如图 6固定式护栏、 图 8可拆式护栏， 由左右侧 护栏、 前后侧护栏、 护栏连接板、 L0G0、 底座、 钢网踏板等组成。 其组合结构便于运输， 平面尺寸按 0. 618法设计， 立面的双弧形造型与支架立柱互应， 形成一个整体。 铁网踏板 前端空置， 便于曳引机构运行； 后端对着爬梯开有活门， 既便于攀爬， 关闭后又作为平台 的一部分使用。 外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机底座和基础如图 9， 由垂直调节支座、 水平调节支座平 衡重落底缓冲器、 夹轨器、 整机水平位移装置、 水平位移导轨、 电控箱、 下平台、 混凝土 基础等组成。 混凝土基础可根据油田或油井的地理位置及气候改变； 混凝土基础上设有吊 运吊耳、 电缆通道、轨道的地脚螺栓和固定抽油机底座的予留孔。轨道采用轻轨组合而成， 中间的轨道上开有等间距槽， 用于抽油机移位。 垂直调节支座和水平调节支座分别调节抽 油机的垂直和水平位置， 使其与井口和抽油杆协调一致。 平衡重落底缓冲器用于因事故引 起的平衡重坠落。 夹轨器主要用于修井移位后抽油机的定位， 也可用于平时的稳定作业。 整机位移采用手动泵和液压千斤顶两次顶推来完成移位或就位作业， 结构简单便利。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述抽油机包括将动力系统的 动力转换于抽油泵上下运动的曳引系统，提供动力的动力系统，用于安装主机的立柱系统。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述曳引系 统曳引系统为倍率 2的多根钢绳通过动滑轮、 固定钢绳头组合和与低速大扭矩永磁电机钢 性连接的曳引轮等构成的省力柔性系统， 它是通过钢绳与曳引轮间的摩擦力生成的曳引力 产生牵引动力； 其包括低速大扭矩永磁电机、 可调平衡重端固定钢绳头组合、 抽油杆提引 器端固定钢绳头组合、 曳引钢绳、 抽油杆提引器端动滑轮组、 抽油杆提引器、 可调平衡重 端动滑轮组、 可调式平衡重、 抽油杆。 3、 根据权利要求 2 所述的外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述当抽油 杆提引器和可调式平衡重两端不平衡时， 可相对滑移， 防止电机过载。
4、 根据权利要求 2 所述的外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述可调式 平衡重由钢板焊成中空结构， 内部装填大比重混凝土， 平衡重中部中空， 前有双向拉门， 用于填装活动配重块， 可根据井位的不同悬点载荷进行重量调节， 使之与提引器端的悬点 载荷保持平衡。
5、 根据权利要求 2 所述的外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述固定钢 绳头组合包括可调钢绳头套、 钢绳头套前座板、 钢绳头套后座板、 夹紧螺钉、 曳引钢绳。
6、 根据权利要求 5 所述的外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述可调钢 绳头套设在钢绳头套座上， 使钢绳头套调节方便； 包括楔子、 绳帽、 绳帽外套、 绳帽调节 螺母、 定位螺钉、 曳引钢绳； 曳引钢绳和绳帽采用巴氏合金浇注固结或采用合金钢接头加 压固结，可使牵引力很好发挥；绳帽和绳帽调节螺母的螺纹组合可调节各个钢绳间的长度， 使之保持均匀受力； 调节完成后， 套上绳帽外套并用定位螺钉紧定。
7、 根据权利要求 1 所述的外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述立柱系 统包括上平台法兰、 支架立柱、 上部爬梯、 担梁孔、 带爬梯人孔门、 二层平台、 活动爬梯、 底座， 支架立柱可以是圆筒支架立柱或桁架立柱。
8、 根据权利要求 7 所述的外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述圆筒支 架立柱下侧开有人孔， 用于可调平衡重及其导轨的调节， 限位装置的调节； 圆筒支架立柱 的上下部， 开有担梁插孔， 用于插入担梁， 进行修井作业； 圆筒支架立柱的上下端都有法 兰， 用于与上平台和底座的连接；
9、 根据权利要求 7 所述的外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述桁架立 柱有固定式和可拆装式两种； 桁架立柱的框架四周都用铁网封住， 以提高安全度。
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述动力系 统包括手动制动器、 低速大扭矩永磁电机、 电机座、 制动器座、 可调式固定钢绳头、 上平 台、 维修专用钢绳挂耳；电机上安装有整体式或可分开式护罩。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述低速 大扭矩永磁电机的中空转子两端开有许多散热孔， 大幅减少了系统发热现象， 可很好的避 免去磁现象， 确保电机长期使用。
12、 根据权利要求 10所述的外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述低速 大扭矩永磁电机采用无编码器变频控制系统， 具有纠偏、 防滑功能， 可根据抽油机的具体 井况调节运行冲次、 冲程。 13根据权利要求 1所述的外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述抽油机顶 部设置有上护栏， 包括左右侧护栏、 前后侧护栏、 护栏连接板、 L0G0、 底座、 钢网踏板； 铁网踏板前端空置， 便于曳引机构运行； 后端对着爬梯开有活门， 既便于攀爬， 关闭后又 作为平台的一部分使用。
14、 根据权利要求 1所述的外转子电机直接曳引式抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述抽油机 底部的底座和基础包括垂直调节支座、 水平调节支座平衡重落底缓冲器、 夹轨器、 整机水 平位移装置、 水平位移导轨、 电控箱、 下平台、 混凝土基础； 混凝土基础上设有吊运吊耳、 电缆通道、 轨道的地脚螺栓和固定抽油机底座的予留孔； 轨道采用轻轨组合而成， 中间的 轨道上开有等间距槽， 用于抽油机移位； 垂直调节支座和水平调节支座分别调节抽油机的 垂直和水平位置， 使其与井口和抽油杆协调一致； 平衡重落底缓冲器用于因事故引起的平 衡重坠落。
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