WO2011052484A1 - 生体への情報伝達装置 - Google Patents
生体への情報伝達装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011052484A1 WO2011052484A1 PCT/JP2010/068638 JP2010068638W WO2011052484A1 WO 2011052484 A1 WO2011052484 A1 WO 2011052484A1 JP 2010068638 W JP2010068638 W JP 2010068638W WO 2011052484 A1 WO2011052484 A1 WO 2011052484A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- shape memory
- memory alloy
- living body
- transparent plate
- tactile
- Prior art date
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/016—Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
- G06F3/04164—Connections between sensors and controllers, e.g. routing lines between electrodes and connection pads
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/048—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/048
- G06F2203/04809—Textured surface identifying touch areas, e.g. overlay structure for a virtual keyboard
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an information transmission device that transmits tactile information to a living body using a shape memory alloy.
- an information transmission device that applies a pulse voltage to a shape memory alloy to vibrate and transmits information to the sense of touch of a living body (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-48268).
- Such an information transmission device is small, light, energy efficient, and can transmit various information to a living body.
- a touch panel is used as an input device attached to the screen of a display device such as a car navigation system.
- a display device such as a car navigation system.
- the touch panel even if you input it with your fingertip, there is no response like a click feeling to your finger's sense of touch.
- driving a car there is a problem of causing carelessness ahead.
- an information transmission device as shown in the above publication is attached to the screen of the touch panel, and the response of input to the touch panel is transmitted as a tactile sensation to a living body such as a fingertip by vibration of the shape memory alloy.
- Such an information transmission device has a problem that the screen cannot be seen well when attached to the screen of the touch panel because the tactile sensation unit having the vibration operation unit blocks the field of view. Further, it cannot be attached to the front surface of a picture or video screen other than the touch panel screen (hereinafter, collectively referred to as a display panel including the touch panel screen) in order to block the field of view.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and displays the pressed position or display on the tactile sensation of the living body that contacts the shape memory alloy disposed on the display panel without disturbing the view of the display panel. It is an object of the present invention to provide an information transmission device to a living body that can transmit information related to the content that has been performed.
- the present invention displays visual information in an information transmission device that transmits tactile information to a living body in contact with the alloy by an expansion / contraction operation of the alloy caused by applying a voltage to the shape memory alloy.
- a tactile sensor unit disposed on the display panel; and a signal generating means for generating a signal voltage for driving the tactile sensor unit, wherein the tactile sensor unit is disposed on at least a part of the surface of the display panel.
- a thin line-shaped shape memory alloy disposed on the transparent plate. The shape memory alloy is in a relaxed state when no signal voltage is applied, and the living body contacts the alloy.
- the alloy shrinks in response to the signal voltage, so that the living body in contact with the alloy is tactile. Transmitting the broadcast, said signal generating means, and generating a signal voltage associated with the display of the display panel.
- the shape memory alloy is used for a portion that contacts the living body, and a portion that does not contact the living body is replaced with a microwire.
- the transparent plate of the tactile sensor unit has a hole at a predetermined position, and the shape memory alloy is disposed so as to straddle the hole of the transparent plate in a relaxed state, and both ends of the alloy. Is connected to the microwire, and the microwire extends to both ends of the transparent plate, and is connected to the signal generating means at both ends.
- the tactile unit further includes a transparent protective cover for sandwiching the shape memory alloy and the microwire between the transparent plate.
- the transparent protective cover has a hole having the same shape at a position corresponding to the hole of the transparent plate so that the shape memory alloy is exposed.
- the microwire is a metal wire made of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, or tungsten, and the microwire and the shape memory alloy are welded and joined at both ends of the hole. Preferably it is.
- the overlap region where the welding is performed is 0.2 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less.
- the signal generating means when the display panel is a touch panel, the signal generating means generates a signal voltage in response to an input operation to the touch switch caused by a human body coming in contact with the contact unit disposed on the touch panel. It is preferable to generate and drive the contact unit.
- the said apparatus WHEREIN: It is preferable that the transparent plate piece which has a shape smaller than the said hole part shape is being fixed to a part of said shape memory alloy straddling the hole part of the said transparent plate.
- the present invention it is possible to transmit tactile information related to display contents to a living body that contacts a shape memory alloy of a tactile sensor unit arranged on the display panel without disturbing the view of the display panel. For this reason, for example, when the display panel is a video display, tactile information of an object displayed on the video can be transmitted, and when the display panel is a picture display, the information on the picture can be transmitted.
- the resistance value of the microwire is generally lower than that of the shape memory alloy, it is easy to lower the driving voltage, the manufacturing is easy, and the energy is saved. Since the same pulse voltage is applied to the shape memory alloys connected in series, tactile information is transmitted to the living body when any of the touch switches on the touch panel is pressed. Therefore, the tactile sensation unit can have a very simple configuration. Since the resistance value of the microwire is lower than that of the shape memory alloy, even if the shape memory alloy is connected in series, the decrease in the amplitude of vibration due to the decrease in the pulse voltage with respect to the shape memory alloy can be suppressed.
- a microwire is a metal material wire that is at least linear and has a specific resistance smaller than that of a shape memory alloy and does not cause an expansion / contraction operation upon application of a pulse voltage.
- This microwire also includes what was comprised with the transparent electrode. Since the microwire is held by the transparent plate and the transparent protective cover in the tactile sensor unit, it is possible to prevent dust and the like from adhering to the hole. Since the transparent protective cover comes into contact with the shape memory alloy and the touch switch through the transparent protective cover, it is preferable to use a film-like one that is easily deformed. Since the transparent protective cover has a hole portion of the same shape at a position corresponding to the hole portion of the transparent plate and the shape memory alloy is exposed, the microwire is fixed by the transparent protective cover.
- the living body such as a finger can be brought into direct contact with the shape memory alloy and the touch switch, for example, tactile information sensitive to the living body can be given.
- the microwire uses a metal wire made of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, or tungsten, and the microwire and the shape memory alloy are welded to each other at both ends of the hole, the resistance is low except in the region where vibration occurs. In addition, even when vibration is generated, the joint is not detached, and a highly reliable device can be realized. Since the welded overlap area is 0.2 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less, the shape memory alloy and the microwire are welded and joined while minimizing the loss of visibility on the display panel. can do.
- Information is transmitted to the tactile sensation of the living body in accordance with the input operation to the touch panel, so that the user can recognize that the input to the touch panel has been achieved with a click feeling or a different tactile sensation depending on the pressed position. Since the transparent plate piece vibrates with the expansion and contraction operation of the shape memory alloy, it is possible to give the living body a sense of clicking as if a button was operated when inputting to the touch switch.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the biological information transmission apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention
- (b) is a disassembled perspective view of the tactile-sensor unit in the information transmission apparatus.
- (A) is a top view which shows an example of the tactile sensor unit in the same information transmission apparatus
- (b) is a top view which shows another example of the tactile sensor unit.
- (A) is the perspective view which shows the structure which replaced the part which does not contact a biological body among the shape memory alloys in the information transmission apparatus which concerns on a 1st modification with the microwire, (b) is in the shape memory alloys.
- (A) is a top view which shows an example of the touch panel in the same information transmission apparatus
- (b) is a top view which shows the other example in the same information transmission apparatus.
- the information transmission device 1 to a living body includes a transparent plate-like tactile sensor unit 2 having a shape memory alloy 21 in contact with the living body and a signal for generating a signal (signal voltage) for driving the tactile sensor unit 2. And a generating unit (which constitutes a signal generating means) 3.
- the tactile sensor unit 2 is disposed on a display panel 5 that displays images, pictures, and the like.
- the signal generator 3 receives a signal generator 31 that generates a signal for driving the tactile sensor unit 2 and a pulse wave that receives the signal output from the signal generator 31 and drives the shape memory alloy 21 of the tactile sensor unit 2.
- a shape memory alloy driver 32 for generating for generating.
- the display panel 5 is a video display that displays a video in response to a signal, or a display object on which a picture or symbol is drawn.
- a control device 6 that generates a signal for displaying a video is provided.
- the control device 6 outputs a signal associated with the video data displayed on the display panel 5 to the signal generating device 31.
- the signal generator 31 generates a signal for driving the tactile sensor unit 2 so that information related to the image can be transmitted to the living body.
- the signal generator 31 When the display panel 5 is a display object on which a picture is drawn, the signal generator 31 generates data related to the display object. In this case, the control device 6 is not always necessary.
- the tactile sensor unit 2 includes a thin line-shaped shape memory alloy 21 that vibrates by expansion and contraction, a transparent plate 22 to which the shape memory alloy 21 is attached, and a thin film that covers the shape memory alloy 21 and the transparent plate 22 from above.
- the transparent protective cover 24 is provided.
- the transparent plate 22 has a hole portion 23a opened in the plate surface, the shape memory alloy 21 is attached to the transparent plate 22 across the hole portion 23a, and both ends are extended to the end portion of the transparent plate 22, and a signal generation unit 3 is connected to a microwire 4 as a lead wire for transmitting a signal from 3 to the shape memory alloy 21.
- the portion of the shape memory alloy 21 straddling the hole 23a is fixed to the transparent plate 22 at both ends of the hole 23a in a relaxed state when no signal voltage is applied to the alloy.
- the shape memory alloy 21 when the shape memory alloy 21 is pressed against the living body, tension is generated in the shape memory alloy 21, and a living body such as a finger comes into contact with a touch panel or the like placed under the hole 23a. It is fixed in a relaxed state.
- the transparent protective cover 24 also has a hole 23 b at a location corresponding to the hole 23 a of the transparent plate 22.
- the hole 23 When referring to both the hole 23 a and the hole 23 b, it is referred to as the hole 23.
- the hole 23b may not be provided. In this case, since the shape memory alloy 21 is brought into contact with the touch panel or the like via the transparent protective cover 24, the tactile sensitivity felt by the living body is slightly dull, but the transparent protective cover 24 is provided on the surface of the hole 23. If this is the case, dust or dust will not adhere to the hole 23.
- the shape memory alloy 21 is made of a thin wire having a diameter of 50 ⁇ m or less.
- Transparent glass, transparent resin, or the like can be used for the transparent plate 22.
- the transparent protective cover 24 can also be made of transparent glass, transparent resin, or the like, and is preferably as thin as possible. Therefore, it is desirable to use a transparent resin that can be formed on the film.
- FIG. 1 four pairs of the shape memory alloy 21 and the hole portion 23 are shown, but a configuration in which a large number of the shape memory alloy 21 and the hole portion 23 are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the transparent plate 22 may be employed.
- the signal generating device 31 receives data from the control device 6 when the control device 6 is provided as described above, and displays a picture or the like displayed on the display panel 5 when the control device 6 is not provided. Store related information.
- the shape memory alloy driver 32 outputs a pulse wave that drives the shape memory alloy 21 to the shape memory alloy 21 via the microwire 4.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B show examples of the tactile sensor unit 2 attached to the display panel 5.
- FIG. 2A shows an example in which the display panel 5 is a display object that displays arrows and the like, and four holes 23 and four shape memory alloys 21 are provided on the arrow H diagram. The user can clearly see the arrow H through the tactile sensor unit 2.
- the signal generator 31 uses a shape memory alloy driver 32 (hereinafter referred to as a driver) to give a signal for giving a tactile sensation that an object is moving in the same direction as the arrow H from the information of the arrow H stored therein.
- a shape memory alloy driver 32 hereinafter referred to as a driver
- the driver 32 outputs a pulse wave for driving the shape memory alloy 21 based on the signal from the signal generator 31.
- the user touches the shape memory alloy 21 of the four tactile unit 2 so as to cover the palm or finger pad, and the tactile unit 2 in the upper position shown in FIG.
- a pulse wave is output in turn to the tactile sensor unit 2 in the lower position, the user can sense a tactile sense that an object is moving in the same direction as the arrow H, and can sense the direction of the arrow H based on the tactile information. .
- the display panel 5 is a video display, and a plurality of shape memory alloys 21 and holes 23 are arranged in a matrix on the display.
- illustration of the lead wire for driving the shape memory alloy 21 is omitted, but for example, a plurality of sets of tactile sensor units 2 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2B there are four tactile units 2 in the same row, so there are four microwires 4 connected to the shape memory alloy driver at both ends. If, for example, a 25 ⁇ m gold wire is used as the microwire 4, about 100 ⁇ m blocks the display on the display panel 5, but this level has little effect on the visibility of the display panel. For example, an image of the fabric I is displayed on the display panel 5 by the control device 6.
- the user can view the image of the fabric I through the tactile sensor unit 2.
- the control device 6 outputs a signal associated with the image data of the fabric I to the signal generation device 31.
- the signal generating device 31 outputs a signal for giving a tactile sensation of the fabric I to the living body based on the signal from the control device 6 to the driver 32, and the driver 32 is based on the signal from the signal generating device 31.
- the pulse wave which drives is output. In this case, if a pulse as will be described later is applied to the shape memory alloy 21, the user can sense the tactile sensation of the displayed fabric I by touching the tactile sensor unit 2. In this way, by transmitting the image information and tactile information of an object displayed as an image on the display panel 5, it is possible to give the user a sense of touching the object while being remote.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the temperature and length of the shape memory alloy 21.
- the horizontal axis indicates the temperature of the shape memory alloy 21, and the vertical axis indicates the length of the shape memory alloy 21. Since the shape memory alloy 21 has a resistance value, the shape memory alloy 21 generates heat when a pulse wave is applied, and contracts by 7% when the temperature is equal to or higher than the temperature T2, and is 0.93L from the original length L. Becomes shorter. When no pulse wave is applied, the heat is dissipated, and when cooled to a temperature T1 or lower, the original length L is restored.
- the length of the shape memory alloy 21 repeatedly changes to the length L and the length 0.93L.
- the memory alloy 21 vibrates. Therefore, when the shape memory alloy 21 straddling the hole 23 is pressed by a living body such as a finger and the shape memory alloy 21 is vibrated in a state where tension is applied to the shape memory alloy 21, information is transmitted to the tactile sense of the living body by the vibration. Can be transmitted.
- FIG. 4 shows a state of applying a pulse wave.
- the horizontal axis indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates voltage.
- FIG. 4A shows the ratio of the on time and off time of the pulse wave.
- the on / off duty which is the ratio between the voltage application time during which the shape memory alloy 21 is heated and the voltage non-application time during which the shape memory alloy 21 is cooled, is effectively about 1:20 when the applied voltage is 1V. If the voltage non-application time is shorter than this, cooling is insufficient and vibration does not occur.
- the voltage application time in FIG. 4A is 1 to 100 ms
- the voltage non-application time is 20 to 2000 ms.
- FIG. 4B shows a voltage application method when preheating the shape memory alloy 21. If 0.3 V is applied as the offset voltage, the shape memory alloy 21 is preheated, and the peak value of the pulse wave can be lowered to vibrate the shape memory alloy 21.
- FIG. 4C shows a voltage application method in which the peak value of the pulse wave is changed.
- the peak values are changed to 1V, 1.2V, 0.5V, 1.5V, 0.7V, and 1.2V.
- the crest value is low, the shape memory alloy 21 vibrates weakly, and when the crest value is high, the shape memory alloy 21 vibrates strongly.
- the strength of vibration of the shape memory alloy 21 can be adjusted.
- FIG. 4 (d) shows a voltage application method in which, when the pulse wave is intermittently applied, the time for applying the pulse wave is made constant and the interval for applying the pulse wave is changed.
- the time for applying the pulse wave is a constant time between 10 ms and 500 ms, and the interval time for applying the pulse wave is changed between 10 ms and 1 s.
- the interval time is short, the stimulus given to the living body becomes strong, and when the interval time is long, the stimulus given to the living body becomes weak.
- the stimulus given to the living body can be adjusted by changing the interval time for applying the pulse wave.
- FIG. 4 (e) shows a voltage application method in which, when a pulse wave is intermittently applied, the interval at which the pulse wave is applied is constant and the time for applying the pulse wave is changed.
- the interval time for applying the pulse wave is a constant time between 10 ms and 1 s, and the time for applying the pulse wave is changed between 1 ms and 50 ms.
- the information transmission device 1 is small and light, has high energy efficiency, can respond to high frequencies, and has extremely high resolution of the vibration source. Further, if a vibration of about 0.5 Hz is applied alone, it feels like a click feeling when a human pulse or a switch is pressed, and if it is driven at a frequency of 10 to 200 Hz, a vibrating tactile sensation can be given.
- FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (d) show the position information of the vibration source on the living body that is in contact with both points because the peak values of the drive pulses applied to the shape memory alloy 21 at two points (point A and point B) are different. It can be transmitted.
- a plan view of the points A and B is shown in the frame of the one-dot chain line in FIG.
- the palm of the living body is pressed against each shape memory alloy 21 straddling each of the two hole portions 23 (points A and B) separated by about 60 mm, and the shape memory alloy 21 is vibrated at the same time.
- the tactile sensation that the living body feels when the peak values are different is shown.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents the peak value of the pulse wave applied to the shape memory alloy wire 21 corresponding to the points A and B.
- the magnitude of the stimulus given to the living body at points A and B and the position of the stimulus felt by the living body are indicated by symbols of the stimulus C and the recognition position D, respectively.
- the size of the symbol of the stimulus C represents the size of the stimulus
- the position of the symbol of the recognition position D indicates where the living body felt the vibration source between points A and B.
- the peak values of the pulse waves at point A and point B are the same 1V, so the living body feels that there is a vibration source at the midpoint between points A and B.
- the peak value at point A is 1V and the peak value at point B is 0.5V
- the living body feels that there is a vibration source closer to point A.
- the peak value at point A is 0.5V and the peak value at point B is 1V
- the living body feels that there is a vibration source closer to point B.
- the peak value at point A is 0.2V and the peak value at point B is 1V, so that the living body has a vibration source closer to point B than in FIG. 5 (c). To feel. In this way, it is possible to cause phantom sensation that makes a tactile sensation feel that a vibration source is present at a place where the vibration source does not actually exist.
- 6A to 6D show that a tactile sensation in which an object moves between both points can be transmitted by applying a drive pulse to the shape memory alloy 21 at two points (point A and point B) with a time difference. Show what you can do.
- the tactile sensation of the movement speed of the vibration source is indicated by a symbol of movement sense E.
- the state of the moving speed of the vibration source felt by the living body is indicated by the swell of the arrow symbol of the movement sensation E, and the slower the swell, the slower the feeling is felt.
- the peak value of the pulse wave at the points A and B is 1 V, but the time difference from the application of the pulse voltage to the point A to the application of the pulse voltage to the point B is different.
- the living body feels tactile as if the vibration source moved from point A to point B quickly. Then, as the time difference for applying the pulse wave to the points A and B becomes larger, the living body can cause an apparent movement that makes the tactile sensation feel as if the vibration source moved from the point A to the point B slowly. In addition, this can give rise to higher-order perception, giving a smooth feeling, a tingling feeling, and a bumpy feeling.
- FIG. 7A shows an example in which the same part is replaced by a microwire 71.
- the microwire 71 is a metal wire such as gold, silver, copper, aluminum, or tungsten having a diameter of 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the connection method between the microwire 71 and the shape memory alloy 21 includes ultrasonic waves and welding, and a material suitable for each connection method is selected. Since the diameter of the microwire 71 is equal to or smaller than the diameter of the shape memory alloy 21, the field of view of the display panel is further improved.
- FIG. 7B shows an example in which the transparent electrode 72 is substituted for the same part. Also in this case, since the transparent electrode 72 is transparent, the field of view of the display panel is further improved.
- these microwires 71 generally have a lower resistance value than the shape memory alloy 21, the driving voltage can be lowered, the manufacture of the tactile sensor unit 2 is facilitated, and energy is saved. Further, the battery can be driven, and the information transmission device 1 can be made portable.
- the fact that only the part in contact with the living body is the shape memory alloy 21 and the part not in contact with the living body is the microwire 71 enables low resistance as a whole, low voltage drive, low power. It is effective because it is consumed. Furthermore, using a shape memory alloy only for the portion that vibrates due to expansion and contraction can effectively give vibration to a living body that comes into contact. Further, for the connection between the shape memory alloy 21 and the microwire 71, welding using a laser is most suitable.
- the shape memory alloy 21 is given a pulse voltage, so that the alloy itself shrinks and thickens due to heat, and also expands and thins during heat dissipation, so that the solder enters a tunnel state.
- Contact resistance will be high or will not be able to be used.
- welding is the process of melting an object to be connected together to make an alloy.
- the end portions of the shape memory alloy 21 and the microwire 71 are overlapped for welding and the overlapping region is 0.2 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less.
- the shape memory alloy 21 sandwiched between the transparent plate 22 and the transparent protective cover 24 is in a relaxed state, and the shape memory alloy 21 moves in the radial direction of the hole 23 on both ends of the hole 23. It is fixed freely.
- the shape memory alloy 21 in the hole 23 is pressed with the finger Y, the entire shape memory alloy 21 is stretched, and when a pulse wave is applied, it vibrates and transmits information to the finger Y. Since the shape memory alloy 21 may not be firmly fixed to the transparent plate 22, the tactile sensor unit 2 can be easily assembled.
- the shape memory alloy 21 is bent into a horseshoe shape, and the horseshoe shape is raised from the transparent plate 22 in the vertical direction, and is fixed to the transparent plate 22 at the root of the horseshoe shape.
- the transparent plate 22 may not have a hole.
- the shape memory alloy 21 is covered with a transparent resin film 25 having elasticity, and the top of the horseshoe shape is exposed on the resin 25.
- the inside of the horseshoe shape is also filled with the resin 25.
- the shape memory alloy 21 When the current stops, the shape memory alloy 21 is cooled and returns to its original length, and the top portion rises due to the elasticity of the resin 25. By turning on and off the current, the top and bottom are repeatedly lowered and raised, and the shape memory alloy 21 vibrates. By adopting such a configuration, the shape memory alloy 21 vibrates in a state where tension is applied, so that a strong stimulus can be given to a living body that has contacted the shape memory alloy 21. In addition, you may cover the resin 25 on the horseshoe-shaped top part to such an extent that the vibration of the shape memory alloy 21 is not inhibited.
- the display panel is the touch panel 51
- the tactile sensor unit 2 transmits information to the tactile sense of the living body in response to the input to the touch panel 51.
- the touch panel 51 includes touch switches 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d (collectively, touch switches 52), and the holes 23a, 23b, 23c, and 23d are positioned on the touch switches 52, respectively.
- a tactile unit 2 is arranged.
- the shape memory alloy 21 (21a, 21b, 21c, 21d) is located in these holes 23.
- a signal from the touch switch 52 a is sent to the control device 6, and the control device 6 inputs the touch switch 52 a to the signal generation device 31. Output the data.
- the signal generator 31 vibrates the shape memory alloy 21 a straddling the hole 23 a via the shape memory alloy driver 32 based on the data from the control device 6.
- the user who has pressed the touch switch 52a can feel the vibration of the shape memory alloy 21 at the fingertip and obtain a click feeling.
- the vibration pattern such as the frequency and vibration time of the shape memory alloy 21 may be changed for each touch switch 52. Since the touch pattern is pressed by the vibration pattern of the shape memory alloy 21, it can be operated without looking at the touch panel 51. It is effective for operation panels of automobiles.
- the touch panel 51 includes touch switches 52a to 52d, and the hole portions 23a to 23d and the shape memory alloys 21a to 21d are disposed on the touch switches 52a to 52d, respectively.
- a plurality of shape memory alloys 21 arranged in the hole 23 of the other touch switch pass over one touch switch.
- four microwires are routed on each touch switch surface, but if a microwire of about 25 ⁇ m is used, the visibility is hardly affected.
- the shape memory alloy 21 of the holes 23a to 23d arranged on the touch switches 52a to 52d is connected in series with a microwire.
- the shape memory alloy 21 in the holes 23a to 23d vibrates and responds to the user. Even if there are a plurality of shape memory alloys 21, the number of microwires can be reduced, resulting in low cost.
- the contact unit 2 of this modification has a structure in which transparent plate pieces 22 a and 24 a having the same shape are attached to the hole portions 23 of the transparent plate 22 and the transparent protective cover 24.
- the shape memory alloy 21 crossing the hole 23 is sandwiched and bonded by transparent plate pieces 22a and 24a from above and below.
- a and b are welded portions of the shape memory alloy 21 and the microwire 71.
- the vibration of the shape memory alloy 21 is directly transmitted to the transparent plate pieces 22a and 24a, and can be transmitted to the fingertip as a larger displacement.
- the contact unit 2 is arranged on a screen of a display with a touch panel for car navigation.
- a touch switch for example, 52a in FIG. 10
- a signal from the touch switch is sent to the control device 6 (see FIG. 10), and the control device 6 generates a signal.
- Data indicating that the touch switch is input to the device 31 is output.
- the signal generator 31 vibrates the shape memory alloy 21 straddling the hole 23 via the driver 32 based on data from the control device 6. By transmitting this vibration to the transparent plate pieces 22a and 24a, the user who pressed the touch switch can obtain the pressing force of the virtual button at the fingertip. This is the same feeling as if the actual button was pressed.
- this invention is not restricted to the structure of the said embodiment, A various deformation
- the pulse wave application condition may be adjusted so that the shape memory alloy 21 vibrates.
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Abstract
Description
上記装置において、前記触覚子ユニットの透明板は所定位置に穴部を有し、前記形状記憶合金は、弛緩された状態で前記透明板の穴部を跨るように配置され、該合金の両端部が前記マイクロワイヤに接続され、前記マイクロワイヤは、前記透明板の両端部まで延在され、該両端部において前記信号発生手段に接続されることが好ましい。
上記装置において、前記触覚子ユニットは、前記透明板との間に前記形状記憶合金及びマイクロワイヤを挟み込む透明保護カバーをさらに有することが好ましい。
上記装置において、前記透明保護カバーは、前記透明板の穴部に対応する位置に同一形状の穴部を有し、前記形状記憶合金が露出するようにすることが好ましい。
上記装置において、前記マイクロワイヤが、金、銀、銅、アルミニウム又はタングステンのいずれかから成る金属線であり、前記マイクロワイヤと前記形状記憶合金とが前記穴部の両端部でそれぞれ溶接接合されていることが好ましい。
上記装置において、前記溶接接合されている重なり領域が、0.2mm以上で、0.4mm以下とすることが好ましい。
上記装置において、前記透明板の穴部を跨る前記形状記憶合金の一部に、前記穴部形状よりも小さな形状を有する透明板片が固定されていることが好ましい。
直列接続された形状記憶合金に対して同じパルス電圧が印加されるので、タッチパネルのタッチスイッチのいずれを押下しても生体には触覚情報が伝達される。そのための触覚子ユニットを極めて簡単な構成とすることができる。
マイクロワイヤは形状記憶合金より抵抗値が低いので、形状記憶合金を直列接続しても形状記憶合金に対するパルス電圧の減少による振動の振幅の減少を抑制できる。マイクロワイヤとは、形状記憶合金よりも少なくとも線形及び比抵抗が小さく、かつパルス電圧の印加により伸縮動作を生じない金属材料線である。このマイクロワイヤは、透明電極により構成したものをも含む。
触覚子ユニットには、マイクロワイヤを透明板と透明保護カバーとで把持するようにしたので、穴部にホコリ等が付着することを防止できる。透明保護カバーは、これを介して形状記憶合金とタッチスイッチに接触するので、変形しやすいフィルム状のものを使用することが好ましい。
透明保護カバーは透明板の穴部に対応する位置に同一形状の穴部を有し、形状記憶合金が露出した構成としているので、マイクロワイヤは透明保護カバーにより固定される。形状記憶合金とタッチスイッチに対して、例えば指等の生体を直接接触させることができるので、生体に対して敏感な触覚情報を与えることができる。
マイクロワイヤが、金、銀、銅、アルミニウム又はタングステンから成る金属線を用い、マイクロワイヤと形状記憶合金とを穴部の両端部でそれぞれ溶接接合しているので、振動を生じる領域以外は低抵抗とすることができ、かつ振動を生じても接合部が外れることが無く、信頼性が高い装置を実現できる。
溶接接合されている重なり領域が、0.2mm以上で、0.4mm以下としたものであるので、表示パネルに対する視認性を損なうことを最小限にしつつ、形状記憶合金とマイクロワイヤとを溶接接合することができる。
形状記憶合金の伸縮動作に伴い透明板片が振動するので、タッチスイッチへの入力時に、ボタン操作をしたようなクリック感覚を生体に与えることができる。
本発明の第1の実施形態に係る生体への情報伝達装置について図1を参照して説明する。生体への情報伝達装置1は、生体に接触される状態の形状記憶合金21を有した透明板状の触覚子ユニット2と、この触覚子ユニット2を駆動する信号(信号電圧)を生成する信号発生部(信号発生手段を成す)3とを備える。触覚子ユニット2は、映像、絵図等を表示する表示パネル5の上に配置される。信号発生部3は、触覚子ユニット2を駆動させる信号を発生する信号発生装置31と、この信号発生装置31から出力された信号を受けて触覚子ユニット2の形状記憶合金21を駆動させるパルス波を発生する形状記憶合金ドライバ32とを有している。
本実施の形態では、透明保護カバー24も、透明板22の穴部23aに対応する個所に穴部23bを有している。穴部23a及び穴部23bの両方を指す場合は、穴部23と称する。透明保護カバー24として、薄く柔軟性のあるフィルム状の材料を選択すれば、穴部23bを有しなくてもよい。この場合には、透明保護カバー24を介して形状記憶合金21とタッチパネル等に接触するので、生体が感じる触覚の感度はやや鈍ることになるが、穴部23の表面に透明保護カバー24を設ければ、穴部23にゴミやほこり等が付着することがない。
次に、本実施形態の第1の変形例について図7を参照して説明する。本変形例では、形状記憶合金21の内で、生体に接触しない部分が、他の材質に代替されている。図7(a)は、同部分がマイクロワイヤ71によって代替された例を示す。マイクロワイヤ71は、直径が10~50μmの金、銀、銅、アルミニウム、タングステン等の金属線である。マイクロワイヤ71と形状記憶合金21との接続方法には、超音波や溶接等があり、それぞれの接続方法に適した材料が選択される。マイクロワイヤ71の直径が、形状記憶合金21の直径の同等以下であるので、表示パネルの視界が一層改善される。
上記のように、生体に接触する部分のみが形状記憶合金21であり、生体に接触しない部分がマイクロワイヤ71であることは、全体として低抵抗とすることを可能とし、低電圧駆動、低電力消費となることから有効である。さらには、伸縮で振動する部分だけに形状記憶合金を使うことが、接触する生体に振動を効果的に与えることができる。
また、形状記憶合金21とマイクロワイヤ71との接続には、レーザを用いた溶接が最も好適である。この接続に、例えば半田接続を用いた場合、形状記憶合金21はパルス電圧を与えることにより、熱により該合金自身が縮んで太くなり、また放熱時には伸びて細くなるため、半田がトンネル状態になり、接触抵抗が高くなったり、抜けて使用できなくなる。また、極細のマイクロワイヤと形状記憶合金の線同士を半田で接続することは接触面積が少なく、困難である。それに対して、溶接は、接続するもの同士を溶かし合わせて合金を作ることである。ここに、形状記憶合金21とマイクロワイヤ71とは、溶接接合のために各端部同士が重なり合わせられ、その重なり領域は、0.2mm以上で、0.4mm以下とした。これにより、接合部が表示パネルに対する視認性を損なうことを最小限にしつつ、溶接が可能となる。また、溶融温度の違う異金属を同時に溶融するために、素材の元素、質量などを考慮してレーザ照射について最良条件を求める必要がある。
次に、本実施形態の第2の変形例について図8を参照して説明する。本変形例では、透明板22と透明保護カバー24に挟まれた形状記憶合金21が弛緩した状態であり、形状記憶合金21は、穴部23の両端側で、穴部23の径方向に移動自在に固定されている。穴部23の形状記憶合金21が、指Yで押圧されると、形状記憶合金21全体が張り、パルス波が印加されると振動して指Yに情報を伝達する。形状記憶合金21の透明板22への固定が強固でなくてもよいので、触覚子ユニット2の組み立てが容易になる。
次に、本実施形態の第3の変形例について図9を参照して説明する。本変形例では、形状記憶合金21が馬蹄形に曲げられており、馬蹄形は、透明板22から垂直方向に起こされた状態であり、馬蹄形の根元で透明板22に固定されている。透明板22は、穴部を有さなくてもよい。形状記憶合金21は、弾性を有する透明な樹脂フィルム25で覆われ、馬蹄形の頂部を樹脂25の上に露出させている。馬蹄形の内側も樹脂25によって充填されている。形状記憶合金21に電流が流れると、形状記憶合金21は加熱されて収縮し、樹脂25を締め付けて頂部が下降する。電流が停止すると、形状記憶合金21は冷却されて元の長さに戻り、樹脂25の弾性によって頂部が上昇する。電流をオン・オフすることにより、頂部の下降上昇が繰り返されて形状記憶合金21が振動する。このような構成にすることにより、形状記憶合金21に張力が加わった状態で振動するので、形状記憶合金21に接触した生体に強い刺激を与えることができる。なお、樹脂25は、馬蹄形の頂部の上に、形状記憶合金21の振動を阻害しない程度に覆ってもよい。
次に、本発明の第2の実施形態に係る情報伝達装置について図10を参照して説明する。本実施形態では、表示パネルがタッチパネル51になっており、タッチパネル51への入力に対応して触覚子ユニット2が生体の触覚に情報を伝達する。タッチパネル51は、タッチスイッチ52a、52b、52c、52d(総称してタッチスイッチ52)を有しており、それぞれのタッチスイッチ52の上に、穴部23a、23b、23c、23dが位置するように触覚子ユニット2が配置されている。これら穴部23には形状記憶合金21(21a、21b、21c、21d)が位置する。ユーザが、例えば、穴部23aから指でタッチスイッチ52aを押圧すると、タッチスイッチ52aからの信号が制御装置6に送られ、制御装置6は、信号発生装置31にタッチスイッチ52aが入力されたことのデータを出力する。信号発生装置31は、制御装置6からのデータに基づいて、形状記憶合金ドライバ32を介して穴部23aを跨っている形状記憶合金21aを振動させる。このことにより、タッチスイッチ52aを押圧したユーザは、指先に形状記憶合金21の振動を感じ、クリック感を得ることができる。
次に、本第2の実施形態の変形例について図12を参照して説明する。本変形例の接触子ユニット2は、透明板22と透明保護カバー24のそれぞれの穴部23に、同形状の透明板片22a,24aを取り付けた構造を持つ。穴部23を横断している形状記憶合金21を、その上下から透明板片22a,24aで挟んで接着している。a,bは、形状記憶合金21とマイクロワイヤ71との溶接部である。このような構成により、形状記憶合金21の振動が透明板片22a,24aに直接伝わることになり、より大きな変位として指先に伝えることができる。
この接触子ユニット2は、例えば、カーナビゲーションのタッチパネル付きのディスプレイの画面上に配置される。ユーザが、例えば、穴部23から指でタッチスイッチ(例えば図10の52a)を押圧すると、このタッチスイッチからの信号が制御装置6(図10参照)に送られ、制御装置6は、信号発生装置31にタッチスイッチが入力されたことのデータを出力する。信号発生装置31は、制御装置6からのデータに基づいて、ドライバ32を介して穴部23を跨っている形状記憶合金21を振動させる。この振動が透明板片22a,24aに伝わることにより、タッチスイッチを押圧したユーザは、仮想ボタンの押下力を指先に得ることができる。これは、あたかも実際のボタンを押下した場合と同様の感覚となる。
2 触覚子ユニット
21 形状記憶合金
22 透明板
23 穴部
3 信号発生部(信号発生手段)
4,71 マイクロワイヤ
5 表示パネル
51 タッチパネル
Claims (10)
- 形状記憶合金に電圧を印加することにより生じる該合金の伸縮動作により該合金に接触する生体へ触覚情報を伝達する情報伝達装置において、
視覚情報を表示する表示パネル上に配置される触覚子ユニットと、
前記触覚子ユニットを駆動する信号電圧を生成する信号発生手段と、を備え、
前記触覚子ユニットは、前記表示パネルの少なくとも一部の表面上に配置される透明板と、該透明板に配置された細線状の形状記憶合金とを備え、
前記形状記憶合金は、信号電圧が印加されていないときに弛緩状態で、かつ該合金に生体が接触し得る状態で該透明板に配置され、前記信号発生手段から該合金に信号電圧が印加されたとき、該信号電圧に応じて該合金が縮むことにより、該合金に接触する生体に触覚情報を伝達し、
前記信号発生手段は、前記表示パネルの表示と関連した信号電圧を生成することを特徴とする生体への情報伝達装置。 - 前記形状記憶合金は生体に接触する部分に用いられ、生体に接触しない部分はマイクロワイヤに代替されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の生体への情報伝達装置。
- 前記触覚子ユニットの透明板は所定位置に穴部を有し、
前記形状記憶合金は、弛緩された状態で前記透明板の穴部を跨るように配置され、該合金の両端部が前記マイクロワイヤに接続され、
前記マイクロワイヤは、前記透明板の両端部まで延在され、該両端部において前記信号発生手段に接続されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の生体への情報伝達装置。 - 前記透明板の穴部は、直線状に複数個設けられ、
前記穴部を跨って配置された前記形状記憶合金の両端部が前記マイクロワイヤにそれぞれ接続され、複数の前記形状記憶合金が前記マイクロワイヤにより直列接続されていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の生体への情報伝達装置。 - 前記触覚子ユニットは、前記透明板との間に前記形状記憶合金及びマイクロワイヤを挟み込む透明保護カバーをさらに有することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の生体への情報伝達装置。
- 前記透明保護カバーは、前記透明板の穴部に対応する位置に同一形状の穴部を有し、前記形状記憶合金が露出するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の生体への情報伝達装置。
- 前記マイクロワイヤが、金、銀、銅、アルミニウム又はタングステンのいずれかから成る金属線であり、前記マイクロワイヤと前記形状記憶合金とが前記穴部の両端部でそれぞれ溶接接合されていることを特徴とする請求項3乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の生体への情報伝達装置。
- 前記溶接接合されている重なり領域が、0.2mm以上で、0.4mm以下としたことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の生体への情報伝達装置。
- 前記表示パネルがタッチパネルであるとき、前記タッチパネル上に配置された接触子ユニットの上から人体が接触することによるタッチスイッチへの入力動作に応じて、前記信号発生手段が信号電圧を生成して前記接触子ユニットを駆動することを特徴とする請求項3乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の生体への情報伝達装置。
- 前記透明板の穴部を跨る前記形状記憶合金の一部に、前記穴部形状よりも小さな形状を有する透明板片が固定されていることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の生体への情報伝達装置。
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JP2014167777A (ja) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-11 | Nikon Corp | 触覚呈示装置および電子機器 |
JP2014229150A (ja) * | 2013-05-23 | 2014-12-08 | キヤノン株式会社 | 表示制御装置及びその制御方法 |
JP2016015698A (ja) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-28 | Smk株式会社 | 衝撃発生アクチュエータおよびタッチパネル |
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JP2022550209A (ja) * | 2018-06-08 | 2022-11-30 | ジョンソン,ジェフリー,トーマス | アンリミテッド・リーチ・アンド・タッチ・タブレット |
JP7376188B2 (ja) | 2018-06-08 | 2023-11-08 | ジョンソン,ジェフリー,トーマス | アンリミテッド・リーチ・アンド・タッチ・タブレット |
JP7547116B2 (ja) | 2020-08-17 | 2024-09-09 | 株式会社東海理化電機製作所 | 操作装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102597925B (zh) | 2014-12-17 |
KR20120083472A (ko) | 2012-07-25 |
CN102597925A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
US20120212442A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
JP5292655B2 (ja) | 2013-09-18 |
JPWO2011052484A1 (ja) | 2013-03-21 |
KR101419150B1 (ko) | 2014-07-11 |
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