WO2011050801A2 - Ensemble entretoise d'écartement pour l'espacement et système tuyau/paroi - Google Patents

Ensemble entretoise d'écartement pour l'espacement et système tuyau/paroi Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2011050801A2
WO2011050801A2 PCT/DE2010/075114 DE2010075114W WO2011050801A2 WO 2011050801 A2 WO2011050801 A2 WO 2011050801A2 DE 2010075114 W DE2010075114 W DE 2010075114W WO 2011050801 A2 WO2011050801 A2 WO 2011050801A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spacer
shell
outer shell
forces
spacer assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2010/075114
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2011050801A3 (fr
Inventor
Viktor Schatz
Original Assignee
Viktor Schatz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Viktor Schatz filed Critical Viktor Schatz
Priority to DE112010004216T priority Critical patent/DE112010004216A5/de
Publication of WO2011050801A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011050801A2/fr
Publication of WO2011050801A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011050801A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spacer and spacer assembly for
  • a spacer assembly for electrical insulation and a power product having the features set forth in the preambles of the respective independent claims.
  • thermos bottle made of reflective coated glass or stainless steel, known as Dewar bottle.
  • VIP panels vacuum isolated panelel
  • a volume of the plate fills Spacer packed in a vacuum-tight barrier sleeve.
  • spacers hard foams fine-pored silica powder or as silica powder are known, or aerogels used.
  • This type of VIP panels achieves thermal conductivities of 0.004 W / mK, but only in the case of endlessly accepted panel expansions.
  • the edge of the plates must be sealed vacuum-tight, which is why metallic foils or
  • Metal coatings are used. Even with a metal layer thickness in the nano range, unwanted thermal bridges occur at the edges of the plates, which cause the
  • the fine-pored, volume-filling spacers must be evacuated over a large area, as in an evacuation through a small suction evacuation time is immeasurably long. They are therefore produced under vacuum and sealed gas-tight and must therefore be charged with high production costs. Also, the amount of fine-pored hard foam or powder used is very large and material cost therefore high. An economical application has thus far been achieved only in rare niche applications.
  • Spacers which are evenly distributed in a plurality between two acted upon by the external pressure differential force plates.
  • the disclosed embodiments do not allow economic or functional implementation of this idea. It is unthinkable to use the proposed spacers for spacing tubes or vessels.
  • Creepage currents are directly related to the isolation capability.
  • the invention is based on the object, a spacer and
  • Spacer assembly for heat transfer and / or power transmission insulating Spacing of walls and / or surfaces of, in particular, tubular or vessel-like objects, which act on one another with a force
  • the invention is further directed to the goal of reducing a variety of energy-saving, emissions-reducing and thus
  • the invention relates to a first aspect of a spacer
  • Spacer assembly for heat transfer and / or current transfer insulating a spacer and an inner shell of an at least substantially enclosed by the inner shell object with a content, wherein in the cavity between the spaced walls or surfaces of the outer shell or the outer shell and inner shell, a fluid medium or a vacuum is provided.
  • Heat transfer path of the spacer is formed with maximum length.
  • the spacing of the outer shell and inner shell is preferably by means of one of
  • Spacers are made according to any of the types of evacuatable spacer types listed: compressive force, compression force honeycomb core, traction and / or bridging spacer assembly, or any composition thereof.
  • At least one tensile force-transmitting element is attached to the outer shell such that the inner shell with its trapped object and its content at this tensile force transmitting element by the action of force acting freely arranged floating and / or can be arranged. It is to
  • At least one outer hull attachment means and an inner hull attachment means are provided, which serve in each case as a force transducer for receiving and retransferring the tensile forces supplied to them.
  • the outer shell fastening means is arranged on the inside of the outer shell, wherein
  • the outer hull attachment means on the inside of the outer shell is fixed non-positively, in particular by welding, soldering, gluing, riveting, pinching, latching and / or friction, and / or
  • the outer hull fastener slidably engages and / or engages the inside of the outer shell, and has an outer force redirecting means which is adapted to
  • Support section diverts suitable portion of the inside of the outer shell.
  • the inner cover fastening means is arranged on the outer side of the inner cover, wherein the inner cover fastening means on the outer side of the inner shell frictionally, in particular by welding, soldering, gluing, riveting and / or locking / clasping and / or friction attached is, and / or that
  • Inner hull attachment means has an internal force redirecting means which at least partially surrounds the inner shell with enclosed in its subject matter and content force and thus forms a support for the inner shell.
  • the external fastening means is as a clip with one for inserting the inner shell within the clip
  • the traction transfer elements each form an elementary heat transfer path of predetermined length, before the inner shell as a
  • the spacer adapted to receive in more than one effective direction supporting forces, in particular to transfer weight and inertial forces and at least from the inner to the outer shell, and at least two traction transfer elements are arranged so that they receive mutually opposing forces, optionally thereby also an exact position of the inner shell is provided with respect to the outer shell, and / or optionally at least two tensile force transmission elements by the latter
  • outer and inner Kraftum niethsmittel are each formed as an outer and inner ring member, between which a plurality of arranged tensile force transmission elements as the spokes of a spoked wheel is mounted clamped, so acting forces are transferable substantially from all directions at least in the plane of the ring elements, wherein
  • Outer shell are transferable to the inner shell.
  • torques from the outer shell to the inner shell and / or vice versa transferable, so that, for example, a rotary shaft as shown in Figure 35, 36 of an engine thermally insulated thereby can be.
  • the outer and inner ring members must be fixed to the inner and outer sheath each non-rotatably, for. B. by latching, gluing, press fit or flanging.
  • At least one second circumferentially formed spacer is arranged with its outer ring member on the outer shell and arranged with its inner ring member spaced from the inner shell by a predetermined spacing, and there is a circumferentially arranged plurality of third traction transfer elements between the outer ring member of the first spacer and the inner ring member of the second spacer, so that the total effective heat transfer path is composed of three elementary heat transfer paths: each of the first and second
  • a third is preferably optional
  • Spacer of the first or second type added symmetrically, thereby to compensate for the then occurring at the middle spacer tilting moments.
  • all the spacers arranged in this way are combined to form a spacer arrangement and preferably encompassed from the outside by means of, for example, a positioning cassette.
  • the outer and inner ring-shaped Kraftum niethsstoff are each divided into at least two inner and two outer sub-segments, wherein the inner sub-segments with at least one clamping means are connected to each other in a non-positive bond, and the outer sub-segments by means of at the Ends provided latching can be brought into engagement, and the sub-segments are connected via the respective Glaskraft- transmission elements together in a frictional connection, so that a plurality of arranged tensile force transmission elements as the spokes of a spoked wheel is mounted clamped, and acting forces from all directions at least in the level of the ring elements are transferable, wherein the tensioning means as a clamp, a wire / ribbon tension winding, a latching device, a
  • Welding / soldering / splice and / or be designed as an enclosing clamping ring can. This embodiment can be arranged on existing pipes without their disassembly.
  • the force redirecting means is preferably formed as a closed or open ring element of round, oval or polygonal shape.
  • Extension unit is increased, wherein the extension unit is formed as at least one arranged in the outer shell in the direction of action force duct section, the shaft section below, above, or both, and / or laterally of a, preferably symmetrical, force action center of the inner shell is formed.
  • the dimensions of the shaft tract are subject only to structural constraints, often at least the height of a vessel / container can be fully exploited.
  • Extension means are arranged deflected, and wherein the extension means is arranged at a predetermined gap distance from the outer shell and inner shell spaced apart floating.
  • the heat transfer path can be extended by arranging a multiplicity of second extension means nested together so that individual extension means are not in direct contact with each other. Because previously described symmetric alignment extension means are in an unstable state of stability, it is advantageous if each extension means is connected by counteracting transverse stabilization elements to the next extension means and / or the outer sheath which will deflect it against tipping / tilting moments
  • the transverse stabilization elements are preferably designed as tensile force transmission elements whose cross-section is also optimized thermal insulation. Since they do not transmit high forces, their cross section is smaller.
  • At least one of the traction transfer elements is further preferably composed of at least one thread, fiber, wire, strip, foil, sheet, ribbon, woven fabric, fiber roving, braided rope, wire rope and / or rod of any cross-section or any
  • a one-piece design of the tensile force transmission element made of film is particularly easy to produce.
  • the one-piece tensile force transmission element should preferably have at least one opening to the
  • the punched profile can be punched out of sheet metal, foil or plate.
  • Heat insulation directed wherein the outer shell of a first and second spaced apart from each other by additional spacers walls is formed, and the
  • Inner shell of an article in particular a flat trained
  • Solar collector absorber is formed with an absorber plate and at least one absorber conductor.
  • the inner shell is arranged hanging freely on at least one tensile force transmission element.
  • the inner shell is preferably optional with
  • the additional spacers are formed with at least one of the two spacer types: as compressive force Transmission element / e or as a tensile force transmission element / e, wherein the absorber tube are the same side with a inner tube forming the inner tube and the cavity formed by walls with a outer shell forming the outer tube of another spacer assembly gas-tight and borderless connected, and the edges of the walls for a gastight different-sided connection with each other or an equilateral connection with walls of adjacent others
  • the angle of inclination of the at least one tensile member of the spacer and / or the spacer assembly is preferably substantially perpendicular (below 90 degrees) with respect to the tangential plane of at least one of the spaced jacket walls, more preferably between 45 and 135 degrees, more preferably between 60 and 120 degrees, more preferably formed between 70 and 1 10 degrees.
  • At least one force-transmitting section of at least one spacer and / or spacer arrangement is subjected to compressive loading, wherein the cross-section of the pressure force transmission element (s) is formed
  • the spacer which is thus subjected to pressure loading is furthermore preferably arranged by means of a thin-walled structure, in particular of a honeycomb structure, which is arranged substantially in cells with respect to the spaced-apart walls and / or surfaces,
  • Safety factor is set higher above the surface pressure generated by the applied force.
  • the thin-walled structure is preferably made of a plastic, a cellulosic material such as paper / cardboard or cellophane, another biological or chemical plastic, a metal, ceramic or glass or any combination thereof or of
  • Pappwabenplatte or cardboard honeycomb formed with the highest possible Elasticity is sought, and wherein the respective material may be made opaque or transparent, and / or colored in any colors and / or reflective depending on its available properties.
  • the thin-walled structure or cardboard honeycomb core is in many inventive
  • Outer shell adapted shaped, so that he achieves its design-related high load capacity even with curved surfaces.
  • the cells of the thin-walled structure are preferably connected to each other by at least one connection opening and / or recess, so that the fluid medium or vacuum reaches all cells from a common connection point, wherein the cross section of the connection openings and / or recesses is dimensioned such that an evacuation / Befluidung without much resistance is executable.
  • the thin-walled structure of the spacer is formed as a locally limited to the area of the force of the acting force angle segment and / or length section.
  • the cells of the thin-walled structure preferably have any geometric shape, including circular, hexagonal, pentagonal, triangular or rectangular.
  • the claimed on pressure load spacers is formed by means disposed between the inner and outer shell preferably locally limited pressure pad, wherein the pressure pad is filled with a powdery and / or hard foam or gaseous filling material, and wherein the powdery Wrapping material is wrapped in a forming thin-walled capsule or bag is held together.
  • the powdery and / or hard foam-shaped filling material is pre-evacuated in a gas-tight capsule or evacuated in a gas-permeable capsule. In this way, it is also possible to significantly improve using the conventional VI P material
  • the thin-walled capsule or bag is also preferably formed of a metal foil or at least one-layer plastic casing material, which has a low thermal conductivity, and in particular at least one or none
  • the metal layer is not needed because the bags are located in the evacuated cavity. Only for a short storage time, the plastic hü He must have sufficient vacuum tightness.
  • the spacer arrangement is designed to be evacuable and / or fluidizable in preferred embodiments, wherein the evacuation and / or Befluidung of at least one near or remote connection point is executable. So can small and
  • At least the outer shell is divided into at least two shell-like segment parts along an extension direction, so that thereby an assembly can be executed around a closed and / or endlessly formed inner shell. This is the case if existing pipelines are to be thermally insulated with spacer arrangements according to the invention without having to disassemble them.
  • the respective inner shell and / or outer shell is preferably formed and / or composed of the following not fully enumerated elements: pipe sections, pipe fittings, pipe corner elements, pipe tees, fittings, shut-off and control valves, throttles, vessels, vessel and / or housing walls or sections thereof, solar collectors, wherein tubular elements and / or vessels may have any cross-sectional profile, in particular round, oval, rectangular, polygonal.
  • the inner tube can swing in the outer tube at least in sections in the longitudinal direction and / or in the radial direction.
  • At least two spacer assemblies according to the invention are gas-tightly connected to their inner shells and outer sheaths, so that cavities of both
  • Spacer assemblies form a common cavity.
  • an inventive article is preferably a single or composite arbitrary means for separating colder or warmer liquid, gaseous and / or solid contents formed by the respective ambient temperature.
  • it may be the following items from a non-exhaustive list:
  • Rocket nozzle drives electric generators, transformers, propulsion machinery, combustors, chimneys, fuel cell shrouds, current superconductors / solenoids, tokamak / nuclear fusion reactors, heat exchangers, heat pumps, containers / containers, shipping containers, dewar bottles / thermoses, marine, Aircraft, rail and land vehicle body hulls / walls and propulsion machinery, refrigerators,
  • spacer assembly is at least partially used as a force-bearing structural element and / or non-supporting forces, wherein pipe-pipe, wall wall and / or pipe wall connections inner shell side and / or outer shell side are used.
  • the inner shell and / or the object forms in preferred embodiments, a substantially enclosed and frictionally coherent inner shaping unit which is capable of itself including the content and forces exerted by the content in the stable function-preserving shape state, and support or
  • At least one of the walls of the outer and inner sheath preferably has on the inside and / or on the outside a substantially at least in the direction of colder to the warmer wall reflective infrared radiation reflection surface or layer, whereby the heat losses due to the infrared radiation can be reduced or prevented.
  • it is based on a method for assembling at least two spacer arrangements according to one of the previously described embodiments.
  • the inner sheaths of the two first and second spacer assemblies to be joined together or objects are gas-tightly connected to each other, wherein the first inner shell by a predetermined Vorstreckin from the first
  • Outer shell protrudes, so that the connection point is accessible to the connection,
  • the second outer shell of the second spacer assembly is brought into abutment against the first outer shell and both gas-tightly connected to each other, so that cavities of the spacer assemblies form a coherent cavity.
  • At least one inner and one outer spacer-free bridging member are inserted between the inner sheaths and the outer sheaths of the two spacer arrangements to be connected to one another.
  • the bridging member is preferably formed as a pipe section, pipe angle, pipe tee and / or as a vessel.
  • Spacer arrangements is preferably further developed in that
  • a shell formed as, preferably endlessly connected, tube is fitted at predetermined intervals, each with a umgriffschreiben spacer from the outside embracing, the shell-shaped halves of the longitudinally divided outer shell at least one, more preferably applied to two mounted spacers and joined together, and the composite outer shell itself is set up as a gas-tight barrier or with a gas-tight barrier.
  • Pipe / wall system for storing and / or passing a content and / or a fluid medium having a temperature difference from the ambient temperature, from.
  • the pipe / wall system is provided with a heat-insulating sheath comprising at least one article having an inner and outer sheath spaced by spacers or spacer assemblies according to any of the previously described embodiments.
  • Virtually all flowable gases and liquids come into consideration as the medium, but especially water, steam, molten salt, oil, liquid helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc., and even molten metal, etc.
  • the tube / vessel system according to the invention can also be further developed by virtue of the fact that substantially all the individual objects each have gas-tightly connected inner and outer sheaths, so that cavities are adjacent
  • Spacer assemblies form a contiguous, borderless connected cavity.
  • the coherent cavity of the tube / vessel system can be evacuated and / or fluidized from at least one connection point.
  • Particularly preferred embodiment of the tube / vessel according to the invention has a control that the degree of evacuation or thus the tightness of the
  • Vacuum sensor monitored and / or controlled by at least one vacuum pump and a vacuum valve are actuated.
  • the controller monitors physical
  • Parameter sizes of the content in the work space such as pressure, temperature and / or flow through at least one remotely readable sensor.
  • the outer shell may be designed to be non-supporting with respect to pressure difference forces, wherein a plurality of such spacers along a main axis of extension of the outer and inner shell is arranged according to the force distribution.
  • a rotary shaft for transmitting torques which has at least one outer tubular shaft, in which an inner shaft is arranged at a predetermined spacing, so that a cavity is created therebetween.
  • the spacing is preferably carried out by means of at least one spacer according to one of the previously described preferred embodiments, which are adapted to transmit forces from all effective directions.
  • Spoke wheel-like and the inner shaft shaft comprehensive honeycomb structures can also transmit torques with a suitable design.
  • Cavity resulting cavity is preferably fluid with a fluid medium or evacuated or fluidizable and / or evacuated formed.
  • the outer shaft and / or the inner shaft of the rotary shaft according to the invention are each gas-tightly connected to a space on the inside and / or outside space, barrier or shell of a double-walled object. Alternatively, they can be connected to each other in a gastight manner by means of at least one edge bridge connection.
  • the objects of the invention are achieved by using a spacer and spacer assembly according to one of the previously described or derivable preferred embodiments for forming an electrical insulator for insulating from under electrical
  • the objects of the invention are further characterized by an energy product, which by spacers / arrangements and / or applications or objects according to one of previous claims saved and / or generated, wherein the energy product can occur as heat, cold, light, electrical or mechanical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an inventive
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fourth invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fifth invention
  • Figure 6 is a perspective schematic view of another invention
  • Figure 7 is a perspective schematic view of a seventh inventive
  • Figure 8 is a perspective schematic view of an eighth invention
  • FIG. 9 shows a perspective schematic view of an outer shell for
  • Spacer assembly of Figures 7 or 8 a perspective schematic view of two to be connected spacer assemblies of Figure 7; a perspective schematic view of a spacer assembly with split outer shell; a perspective schematic view of another
  • Spacer assembly with split outer shell a perspective exploded schematic view of a shared configuration of the spacer; a perspective schematic view of the split configuration of the spacer of Figure 13; a perspective schematic view of another
  • Heat transfer path ; a cross-sectional view of a spacer unit; a perspective schematic view of yet another
  • Heat transfer path a perspective schematic view of a further developed spacer assembly of Figure 17 with extension of the effective heat transfer path; a cross-sectional view of an assembled
  • FIG. 22 shows a perspective schematic view of a T-joint unit with split outer shell
  • FIG. 23 shows a perspective schematic view of a T-tube connection unit with undivided outer shell
  • FIG. 24 is a perspective schematic view of a corner
  • FIG. 25 shows a perspective schematic view of a corner
  • FIG. 26 is a partial cross-sectional view of a composite corner
  • Figure 27 is a partial cross-sectional view of an assembled
  • FIG. 28 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment according to the invention of an evacuable tube arrangement with a weight-bearing honeycomb segment
  • FIG. 29 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment according to the invention of an evacuable tube arrangement with a fully supporting honeycomb structure
  • FIG. 30 shows a longitudinal sectional partial view of the embodiment according to the invention of an evacuable tube arrangement with a fully supporting honeycomb structure
  • Figure 31 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an evacuable tube assembly according to the invention having a weight-bearing pad spacer;
  • Figure 32 is a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another preferred variant of the spacer assembly according to the invention for
  • Figure 33 is a perspective view of a conventional honeycomb core structure
  • Figure 34 is a perspective view of an inventive
  • FIG. 35 is a perspective view of a rotary shaft according to the invention.
  • Figure 36 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary shaft according to the invention when used in a double-walled evacuated insulated steam turbine, and
  • Figure 37 is a perspective view of a spacer assembly in the form of a wheel with a one-piece tensile force transmitting element.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a device according to the invention
  • Spacer assembly 10 the inner shell as an inner tube 120/2 and the
  • Outer shell is formed as an outer tube 120/1, between which through
  • a cavity 121 is formed.
  • the tubes continued perpendicular to the illustrated image plane in both directions.
  • the outer tube 120/1 is in this case self-supporting, i. for example, vacuum-resistant.
  • the walls of the outer tube 120/1 are designed by wall thickness, material strength and / or constructive shape such as waveform to withstand the acting from outside to inside pressure differential forces. This eliminates the need to provide spacers that intercept these pressure differential forces.
  • the inner tube 120/2 and its contents have a dead weight m, Fm, which according to the invention by means of a (not shown) by symmetrically arranged tensile force transmission element / s 300/1 and 300/2 claimed on tensile load
  • the Fastening device is attached to the above the inner shell 120/2 arranged inside of the outer shell hanging.
  • the tensile force transmission element (s) 300/1 and 300/2 each have an elementary heat transfer path (s).
  • the entire cross-section of the tensile force transmission element (s) 300/1 and 300/2 is dimensioned such that the weight forces and possibly inertial forces Fm attributable to the given spacer 10 are taken into account with a given tensile strength value of the used fiber material.
  • the inner tube 120/2 is also self-supporting, i. It holds the pressure and temperature exerted in the inner tube possibly by harbored content.
  • both the inner and outer tubes 12071, 120/2 are designed to be self-supporting in the axial direction, so that they are allowed to hang freely over a predetermined support distance length Sm.
  • the inner longitudinal axial tube support is designed according to the invention with the described spacer assembly.
  • the outer longitudinal axial tube support is designed according to a known method and therefore not specifically shown.
  • the weight forces and possibly inertial forces Fm attributable to a given spacer 10 are calculated from the predetermined support spacing Sm so that the cross-section of the tensile force transmission elements 300/1 and 300/2 is adapted thereon.
  • the inclination angle oc of the tensile force transmitting member (s) 300/1 and 300/2 is straight in this case.
  • the tensile force transmitting members 300/1 and 300/2 can be pivoted from the center position in both directions, e.g. due to movements of the support structure to which the outer tube 120/1 is attached. This freedom of movement is advantageous if, in particular in pipe angle elements, the different thermal expansion of the inner tube compared to the outer tube is compensated.
  • FIG. 2 a schematic cross-sectional view of a second spacer arrangement 10 according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 makes it possible to support it against inertial mass forces by additional tensile force transmission elements / e 300/1 k, 300/11, 300/1 m, 300/2 k, 300/2 m and 300/21 other directions that may occur, for example, as a result of accelerated movement of a moving means.
  • the cross section of respective fibers of all tensile force transmission elements 300/1 k, 300/11, 300/1 m, 300 / 2k, 300 / 2m and 300/21 and the support distance Sm is given constructively based on intended maximum loads.
  • the tensile force transmitting members 300/11 and 300/21 serve as a back force transmitting means with respect to the tensile force transmitting members 300/1 and 300/2 complementarily arranged therewith. Furthermore, a more accurate positioning of the inner shell 120/2 in the outer shell 120/1 can be achieved.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a third spacer assembly 10 according to the invention, which works with a single tensile force transmission element 300/1.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a fourth spacer arrangement 10 according to the invention, which shows the embodiment from FIG.
  • Clamping device 150 is formed with a clamp 150/1 with a sufficient for insertion of the inner shell 120/2 clamp opening, wherein the ends of the clamp 150/1 as outer shell fastening means 150/1 a, 150/1 b for at least one or a one-piece tensile force Transmission element 300/1, 300/2 are provided.
  • the clip is 150/1 applied against the inside of the outer shell 150/1 attacking and / or resiliently brought into attack.
  • the clamp opening is positioned counter to the direction of action of the loading force Fm, so that the portion 150 / a of the clamp 150/1 facing away from the clamp opening rests against the portion of the inside of the outer cover 150/1 which is suitable as the support section.
  • the traction transfer members 300/1, 300/2 each form an elementary heat transfer section / predetermined length before they directly enclose the inner shell 120/2 as an inner shell attachment means or by means of an additional one
  • Inner shell fastener 150/2 enclose and thus the inner shell 120/2
  • the stapling device 150 can be arranged around a tube 120/2 by plugging and then with longitudinally divided tube shells which in turn are then sealed with a gas-tight barrier made, for example, by wrapping or welding.
  • the bracket 150/1 can hold itself by their given spring force on the inside of the outer shell 150/1 or additionally secured by gluing, welding, pressing.
  • the positioning of the inner shell 120/2 within the outer shell 120/1 does not necessarily have to be centered, but may be asymmetrical in favor of a larger tension element section or elementary heat transfer section.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a fifth evacuated spacer assembly 10 according to the invention, which represents a solar collector with an absorber 600, mostly black coated, of metal plate 600/1 and an energy carrier medium 600/4 leading absorber tubes 600/3.
  • the outer shell is here by a
  • Fixing elements heat to the rear wall 107 arranged below it and also gives off to the front wall 106, whereby energy losses occur.
  • the absorber is arranged suspended on tensile force transmission elements 300/1, which in turn are fastened to intended fastening means 600/2 and / or 600/6 and to the additional spacers 610.
  • This attachment is preferably by a deflection as a loop or by gluing, welding, crushing, etc.
  • the cross section of the tensile force transmission element / s 300/1 and 300/2 is optimized according to the invention thermally insulating.
  • further return force transmission means 130 designed as a tensile force transmission element (s) 130/1, 130/2 are arranged to position the absorber in an oblique or vertical mounting of the solar collector in its intended position hold. This ensures in particular that the absorber can not come into contact with an additional spacer 610 with the edges of its break-through openings 600/5. This fixed arrangement even allows the use of the solar collector according to the invention with minimal heat loss Movement means such as aircraft, ships or vehicles that are subject to changing accelerations.
  • the additional spacers 610 may be connected to at least one of the two
  • Abstandhaltertypen be formed: as a compressive force transmission element / e or as a tensile force transmission element / e (not shown, part of other publications of the applicant).
  • a compressive force transmission element / e or as a tensile force transmission element / e (not shown, part of other publications of the applicant).
  • the evacuated solar collector simultaneously as a wall or roof insulation, whereby the utility of the solar collector increases and costs for the thermal insulation of the wall / roof can be saved.
  • This added-value use is further increased if, according to the invention, the edges of the solar collectors are connected in a gas-tight manner to the edges of the edges of the barriers of adjacent solar collectors and / or evacuated wall panels. Shown is a closed by edge element 600/1 edge of the solar collector, which thereby also forms a thermal bridge.
  • thermal bridge is like the spacers 610 in any physical contact with the absorber 600, so that only a heating of the rear wall 107 of
  • Absorber tubes 600/3 each with an inner shell forming the inner tube of a further spacer assembly 10 / n (not shown) and formed by walls 106, 107 cavity 121 with an outer shell forming the outer tube of another spacer assembly 10 / n on the same side, gas-tight and borderless connected , Then, the heated by sunlight content in the form of an energy medium 600/4 medium is transported almost lossless to a heat storage or heat exchanger.
  • the already good efficiency of the solar thermal collectors can thus reach well over 90% and above all by the effective heat storage in inventively designed storage a very drastic improvement of the practical benefits of solar energy and other renewable energy can be realized.
  • Figure 6 shows a perspective schematic view of another spacer 10 according to the invention, which is in the form of a spoked wheel with an outer and inner ring member 150/10, 150/20, between which a plurality of arranged tensile force transmission elements 300 / i as the spokes of a spoke wheel is mounted clamped so that acting forces Fm substantially at least from all Directions in the xz plane are transferable. If the tensile force transmission element (s) 300 / i, like the spokes of a spoked wheel, are arranged alternately inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis Y, then also acting forces in the y direction can be intercepted.
  • the attachment of the traction transfer elements 300 / i to the outer and inner ring members 150/10, 150/20 may be done in any of the known ways. Shown is an attachment based on threaded through openings in the outer ring member loops 150/1 1 and eyelets 150/21 on the inner ring member 150/20.
  • Spokes may also be used a thin film or foil in which at least one opening is provided for evacuation.
  • the inner diameter of the inner ring member 150/20 and the outer diameter of the outer ring member 150/10 are selected so that an inner and an outer tube 120/2 and 120/1 respectively having a predetermined fit therein or thereabout can be arranged.
  • FIG. 7 shows a perspective schematic view of the seventh spacer arrangement 10 according to the invention, which is here shown without an outer shell 102/1 and has two spacers 10/1 and 10/2 according to FIG. 6, which are spaced apart from one another by an inner support length Sm at an inner tube 120 / 2 are arranged.
  • the inner ring members 150/20 of both spacers 10/1 and 10/2 are preferably firmly anchored to the inner shell 120/2 to prevent their displacement due to vibration or shock or earth rotation in a continuous operation.
  • a one-piece and pressure differential forces bearing trained outer tube or outer shell 120/1 as shown in Figure 9 are drawn up.
  • a tube 120/1 a, 120/1 b divided into shells can also be used, as shown in FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 8 shows a perspective schematic view of an eighth spacer arrangement according to the invention which, as in FIG. 7, however, is provided with a plurality of spacers 10 / i positioned substantially narrower to one another with the pressure difference support distance length S D.
  • the shorter spacing S D allows the use of a non-vacuum-carrying outer shell as described above.
  • very high thermal insulation values are achieved, especially in the case of materials with high tensile strength and, at the same time, low thermal conductivity, such as aramid fiber, which are, for example, atmospheric
  • This embodiment may also use a one-piece or split outer tube.
  • FIG. 10 shows a perspective schematic view of two to be connected
  • the inner shell 120 / 2n preferably has a longer extension than the outer shell 120/1 n, so that it protrudes by a pre-stretch length 20.
  • an inner tube 120/2 first gas-tight to the inner shell 120 / 2n
  • Figure 1 1 shows a perspective schematic view of a spacer assembly with split outer shell 120/1 a, 120/1 b.
  • the split outer shell shells 120/1 a, 120/1 b are designed sufficiently stable, so they after assembly and gas-tight
  • FIG. 12 shows a perspective schematic view of a further spacer arrangement with a divided outer shell, which, in analogy to FIG. 8, is furnished with a multiplicity of spacers 10i spaced apart from one another in a pressure difference support distance S D for a non-self-supporting outer shell 120/1 a, 120/1 b.
  • connection of the split outer shell shells 120/1 a, 120/1 b along their longitudinal edges can be carried out in one of the not fully enumerated types: thermal welding, friction welding, Flanschkantentagen, bonding, chemical compound or by wrapping invention with a flexible gas-tight barrier shell under inventive increased overlap with thin-layer surface bonding or thermal surface welding.
  • Figure 13 shows a perspective exploded schematic view of a split
  • Embodiment of the spacer 10. This split variant is suitable, as the embodiment of Figure 4, to be mounted on an existing inner shell or inner tube 120/2, without having to disassemble it into individual tubes.
  • the inner and outer ring member is divided into at least two inner and two outer sub-segments 150 / 10a, 150/1 Ob, 150 / 20a, 150 / 20b, wherein the inner
  • Partial segments 150 / 20a, 150 / 20b with at least one clamping means 150/3 are connected to each other in a non-positive bond, and the outer sub-segments 150 / 10a, 150/1 Ob means provided at the ends latching means 150/1 1 a, 150/1 1 b are engageable.
  • the subsegments are thereby connected to each other via the respective split tensile force transmission elements 300i in a non-positive bond, so that a plurality of arranged tensile force transmission elements 300i as the spokes of a spoked wheel is mounted clamped, and acting forces Fm are transferable from all directions.
  • the clamping means 150/3 for example, as a clamp with threaded or
  • the tensioning means 150/3 may be formed as a wire band tensioning winding, a latching device, a welding / soldering / splicing point and / or as an enclosing tensioning ring.
  • the tensioning means 150/3 is preferably positioned in a groove 150/22 to maintain a defined position.
  • the shaft 150/23 of the respective inner sub-segment 150 / 20a, 150 / 20b has a relative extension, thereby forming a lever with which the clamping means 150/3 at the position of the groove 150/22 is effective and its force on transmits the tensile force transmission elements 300i to the outer sub-segments 150 / 10a, 150/1 Ob.
  • the two half subassemblies When removed, the two half subassemblies are present with unstressed traction transfer elements 300i. An assembly worker brings them around the inner tube 120/2 and in latching to the latching means 150/1 1 a, 150/1 1 b. Then he presses the two inner split ring elements 150 / 20a, 150 / 20b to each other and puts that
  • Clamping 150/3 around in the groove 150/22 With the help of a clamping device, he brings a clamping force and thereby biases the tensile force transmission elements 300i. When the tension has reached a prescribed tension value, it closes the tensioning means 150/3 by means of the ring capsule 150/31.
  • the inner split ring elements 150 / 20a, 150 / 20b thereby also engage frictionally on the inner tube 120/2, and due to the frictional forces occurring, the mounted spacer 10 is also fixed in the axial direction Y.
  • Figure 14 shows a perspective schematic view of the split configuration of the spacer of Figure 13 in the mounted state.
  • FIG. 15 shows a perspective schematic view of another
  • Spacer assembly 10 with extension of the effective heat transfer path L sum .
  • the structure is best described in the overall view of FIG. 16, which is a cross-sectional view of a spacer unit thus realized.
  • This preferred embodiment is composed of a total of three spacers 10A, 10B, 10C of the type from FIG.
  • the middle spacer 10B is dimensioned such that its inner ring element 150B / 20 abuts against the inner shell 120/2 or frictionally engages and thus absorbs the acting forces Fm and transfers heat. From this inner ring member 150B / 20, the forces Fm are further transmitted to the outer ring member 150B / 10 via the tensile force transmitting members 300B / i while being significantly thermally insulated.
  • the outer ring member 150B / 10 has a spacing AD to the inner wall of the outer shell 120/1, so that the heat is forced here to be conducted along a concentric and bilaterally symmetrically arranged plurality of intermediate tensile force transmitting elements 300D / i.
  • a spacer 10A and 10C are respectively arranged laterally of the middle spacer 10B. In a further not shown preferred embodiment, only a single one of them may suffice.
  • the power transmission and heat transfer is then forwarded by the center traction transfer elements 300D / i, respectively, to an inner ring member 150A / 20 and 150C / 20, which are not in any physical contact with the inner shell 120/2, but are spaced apart by a predetermined spacing AD.
  • the respective tensile force transmission elements 300A / i and 300C / i forward the applied forces Fm and the already highly insulated residual heat and continue to absorb the heat transfer.
  • there is an approximately three times the length L sum of all elementary heat transfer paths / which thereby exceeds the spacing of the inner and outer sheaths 120/2 and 120/1.
  • the thermal insulation is thus at least three times more effective.
  • the tensile force transmitting members 300D / i can be heat-resistant to 600 degrees Celsius from stainless steel alloys, silica glass fiber or carbon fibers.
  • the last effective traction transfer elements 300A / i and 300C / i may be made of aramid fiber, for example, with aramid fiber having a thermal conductivity of 0.04 W / mK and stainless steel such as carbon fiber 15 W / mK, whereby a factor of 1000 stronger thermal insulation along the heat transfer in the last elementary heat transfer path can be achieved.
  • the cross section of respective successive tensile force transmission elements is always predetermined so that the acting forces are carried with a predetermined safety factor above the respective material-related tensile strength limit values Gz.
  • a positioning means embodied as a encompassing positioning cassette 150/4 ensures that the two lateral spacers 10A and 10C are not displaced relative to one another by the force components acting on them axially.
  • this spacer arrangement 10 can be plugged directly onto an inner tube 120/2 or, preferably, be formed into a spacer unit 1 according to the invention in FIG. 16.
  • the advantage of such a spacer unit 1 lies in its practical use under conditions of use of the pipe laying work and is largest in small and medium-sized pipes.
  • the pipes to be connected to the inner shell 120/2 and outer shell 120/1 in a gas-tight manner on the same side can therefore be used free of any spacers and can be connected to one another by means of any available connection technology.
  • Shown is a type of connection per flange 120/15, 120/25, which can be welded and / or screwed. Threaded joints, bonding, chemical bonding would be further exemplary joining techniques from an incomplete list.
  • the inner shell 120/2 preferably has a longer extension than the outer shell 120/1, so that they at least on one side of the spacer unit 1 by a pre-stretch 20th projects.
  • an inner tube can first be gas-tightly connected to the inner sheath 120/2 and only then an outer tube can be brought into abutment against the outer sheath and connected in a gastight manner. The same can be done on the other side of the spacer unit 1.
  • torques are also transferable from the outer shell 120/1 to the inner shell 120/2 and / or vice versa, so that, for example, a rotary shaft of an engine can be made thermally insulated in two parts with a hollow space.
  • the outer and inner ring members must be fixed to the inner and outer sheath each non-rotatably, for. B. by latching, gluing, press fit or flanging.
  • the cross-section of the tensile force transmission elements 300i is adapted to the maximum forces to be transmitted and increases although, according to the invention, the spacing, the length of the tensile force transmission elements and / or material combination can be compensated.
  • FIG. 17 shows a perspective schematic view of yet another spacer arrangement with extension of the effective heat transfer path.
  • the extension is achieved in this case by the fact that above (or below) the spacer arrangement realized as a suspension device an additional evacuated manhole 120/4 or extension shaft 120/4 oriented in the direction of action Fm is mounted as a first extension unit 120/4.
  • the shaft section 120/4 is preferably formed below, above, or both, and / or laterally of a preferably symmetrical force action center m, Fm of the inner shell 120/2 with its contents.
  • the shaft in a further preferred embodiment instead in the depth below the inner tube 120/2 be formed when a special frame is used for this purpose.
  • both depth shaft and height shaft can be combined.
  • the illustration is very schematic, so that, for example, the individual illustrated tensile force transmission element 300/1, 300/2 can also be formed by a multiplicity of fibers, fabric tapes or film / s. Also, the mere deflection of the preferably one-piece tensile force transmission element 300/1, 300/2 to the inner tube 102/2 to supplement with at least one pressure transmitting means, not shown, which ensures the pressure distribution. Also, the attachment of the tensile force transmission elements 300/1, 300/2 at the suspension points is preferably provided by means of a not shown as a suspension device executed thoroughlyhüllenbefest Trentsmittels disposed below the lid 120/41 or on the inner walls of the extension shaft 120/4.
  • Such an extension shaft arrangement is preferably suitable for hanging large pipe diameters, which may be, for example, 1 m in diameter and more.
  • This arrangement can be realized both directly in an outer tube 120/1 by arranging a shaft above the manhole cutout as well as in the form of a fitting unit or spacer unit 1 which is prefabricated at the factory and has connecting flanges / edges formed on both sides.
  • the connection of the inner shell 120/2 can be made accessible to the pipes to be connected, and preferably has a longer extension than the outer shell 120/1 as described in Figure 16, so that they at least on one side of the spacer unit 1 by a pre-stretch I120 projects.
  • FIG. 18 shows a perspective schematic view of a further developed one
  • Heat transfer path L sum of the tensile force transmission elements 300/1 a, 300/1 b, 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b beyond the degree of the spacing h of the walls 106, 107 arranged such that the extension means 120/5 against the counteracting him Traction transmission elements is arranged floating.
  • Extension means 120/5 no direct contact neither to one of the walls 106, 106 or casings 120/1, 120/2 nor to any of the outer shell fasteners or
  • the cage-like pressure transducer 120/5 is preferably designed so that the forces acting on it do not tip over, i. the power transmission is symmetrically divided into at least two tensile force transmission elements 300/1 a, 300/1 b, 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b, which are arranged to each other such that each caused by them tilting moments are canceled each other.
  • Extension means 120/5 each with a predetermined gap distance Ah of the outer shell and inner shell 106, 107 spaced floating is arranged.
  • the cage-like pressure sensor 120/5 has preferably circumferentially closed upper deflecting means 120/51 and lower deflecting means 120/52, which are in this case formed of transverse rods preferably circular cross-section.
  • Cross-section allows a fracture-free deflection of the fibers or films of the tensile force transmission elements 300/1 a, 300/1 b, 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b.
  • the two upper deflecting means 120/51 and lower deflecting means 120/52 are spaced apart from one another by a maximum possible spacing height h by means of vertical pressure transducer rods 150/53, which are preferably arranged in a circle, in a plurality, here 4.
  • the tensile force transmission elements 300/1 a, 300/1 b, 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b, for example, integrally formed with each other via a connecting line 300 / 2c, 300/1 c, so that they without special fastening means to the deflection 120/51, 120/52 of the crossbars are arranged diverted.
  • the tensile force transmission elements 300/1 a, 300/1 b, 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b for example, integrally formed with each other via a connecting line 300 / 2c, 300/1 c, so that they without special fastening means to the deflection 120/51, 120/52 of the crossbars are arranged diverted.
  • Connection lines 300 / 2c, 300/1 c completely omitted and the tensile force transmission elements 300/1 a, 300/1 b, 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b are each formed individually, whereby they can be advantageously formed from different fiber materials to thereby to allow even more effective thermal insulation.
  • the respective tensile force transmission elements 300/1 a, 300/1 b, 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b as a plurality, but at least two fibers arranged parallel spaced from each other, because thereby the cage-like pressure transducer 120th / 5 is additionally secured against the tilting moments occurring on it.
  • the tensile force transmission elements 300/1 a, 300/1 b, 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b distributed over all crossbars, even those left in the picture, are distributed, which additionally also the heat transfer path on the vertical Pressure transducer rods 120/53 and horizontal cross bars of the upper deflection 120/51 and lower deflection 120/52 is extended and additionally creates thermal insulation.
  • the cage-like pressure transducer 120/5 is located in good alignment of the tensile force transmission elements 300/1 a, 300/1 b, 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b in a labile stability state would still be at risk of being twisted by the tilting moments occurring at it and thereby ajar against the wall of the extension shaft 120/4.
  • the cage-like pressure transducer 120/5 is preferably in the upper and lower region, here formed on the upper deflection means 120/51 and lower deflection means 120/52 over as tensile force transmission elements
  • transverse stabilization elements 120/51 1, 120/521 are arranged in pairs in the opposite direction in the x-y plane and thereby hold against
  • Tipping forces / tilting moments in two degrees of freedom x, y ab which form a vertical plane to the effective direction of the applied force F m .
  • Traverse stabilization elements designed as tensile force transmission elements whose cross-section is also optimized thermally insulating. Because the unstable state of stability occurring tilting moments are small, is also the cross section of
  • Cross stabilization elements 120/51 1, 120/521 relatively small compared to the cross section of the tensile force transmission elements 300/1 a, 300/1 b, 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b, which carry the proportionate weight of the inner tube 120/2 with content ,
  • the path of heat is thereby approximately doubled in the direction from the warm to the cold wall 106 or 107.
  • a further increase in thermal insulation is achieved by interleaving further smaller dimensioned cage-like pressure sensors 120 / 5i within the outer cage-type pressure transducer 120/5, each time using anti-roll bars to counter the respective inner cage-type pressure sensors
  • a mounting cassette (not shown) is arranged around the cage-like pressure sensor 120/5 in which the transverse stabilization elements 120/51 1, 120/521 are fastened, in another embodiment. and possibly also the ends 300/1 d, 300/2 d of the tensile force transmission elements 300/1 b, 300 / 2b are fastened.
  • FIG. 19 shows a cross-sectional view of an assembled spacer arrangement 10 with a spacer arrangement 10 / n designed as a double-walled container 10 / n, which according to the invention is gas-tightly connected in an equilateral and rimless manner to a spacer arrangement designed as a double tube 10/1.
  • This pipe-wall connection is described in more detail in FIG.
  • the container 10 / n has a working space 120/21 n, for example, a hot
  • Energy carrier medium such as water vapor or a salt carrier or a cold liquid gas medium such as nitrogen or helium houses.
  • the container is preferably formed circular because of the pressure prevailing in the interior, so that the wall 107 is material as possible zugkonastet material saving, as well as the prior art provides.
  • a spherical shape can increase this effect even more.
  • the inner container 120 / 2n forming the actual container according to the invention arranged on a plurality of around him arranged tensile force transmission elements 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b hanging, which have an extended length h.
  • the tensile force transmission elements 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b are fastened on the inside of the sheath to an inner sleeve fastening means 150 / 2a, 150 / 2b designed in the form of a welded eyelet device.
  • the tensile force transmission elements 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b are fastened to outer hull fastening means 150/1 a, 150/1 b.
  • the inner wall 107 and outer wall 106 of the spacer assembly 10 / n are formed from each other with spacers of the prior art or according to another publication of the same applicant. In this case, it's up
  • the cylindrical portions where the tensile force transmitting members 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b are disposed may also be spaced apart with spacers 200i, 201i leaving vertical shafts bridged for the tensile force transmitting members 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b, or These areas can be bridged without a spacer.
  • the proportional weight forces Fm are from the outer shell 120/1 n to vertical
  • the tensile force transmission elements 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b provided for receiving the weight and / or mass inertia forces Fm can have a considerable length, without requiring additional space.
  • Whose cross-section is designed to total mass load Fm and can not be influenced other than choice of material.
  • the additional length allows a reduction of the heat transfer and that after a direct linear dependence, ie 10 times the length h causes 10-fold increased thermal resistance.
  • the length of the tensile force transmission elements 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b can be further expanded, so that a total of, for example, 50-100 times the length can be available.
  • the inner tubes 120 / 2a and 120 / 2b are arranged here by way of example in a common outer shell 120/1 spaced apart by spacers 10 / i according to the invention.
  • a tube thereof can serve as a filling tube and the other as a sampling tube, whereby one-tube and multi-tube solutions can be implemented.
  • FIG. 20 shows an enlarged partial cross-section through the pipe-wall connection 70 from FIG. 19.
  • the walls 106, 107 are in this example 3-dimensional curved surfaces of the container 10 / n, but may also be formed flat.
  • the pipe-wall connection 70 is characterized by equilateral, i. Cold or hot side, gas-tight connection of inner sheaths 120 / 2n, 120 / 2a, 120 / 2b and
  • the inner shell 120 / n or the inner wall 107 of the container each have an opening for passing the inner tubes 120 / 2a and 120 / 2b.
  • Openings are used as connecting seams 70/2, for example by welding.
  • the outer shell 120/1 n of the container has a connection opening for the gas-tight connection of the outer tube 120/1, whereby here too the edge of the opening is used as connecting seam 70/1, for example by welding.
  • Welding is particularly advantageous when using metallic walls and casings.
  • other materials, plastics, ceramics, glass, composites are also usable depending on the application and can be welded, glued, chemically bonded and / or per
  • the tubes 120 / 2a, 120 / 2b anchored in the inner sheath 120 / 2n are easily positioned at a distance from the outer tube 120/1 so that the tubes 120 / 2a, 120 / 2b are positioned as far as a next positioned spacer 10 / i, 10 / i-1 may be bridged by the outer tube 120/1.
  • the outer tube 120/1 is sustainable in terms of negative pressure difference due to the evacuation of the common overall cavity 121.
  • this pipe-wall connection 70 can take place both on a finished container, as well as before the joining of the walls 106 and 107 of the container. This can be variably used for application and / or material reasons.
  • Consumer products such as cookware, cooling technology, etc.
  • Figure 21 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a tube enclosing
  • Spacer arrangement is realized for example from Figure 1 1 with split outer shell shells 120/1 a, 120/1 b. Instead of a welding along the longitudinal edges, a wrapping with a gas-tight film strip 140 is realized in the present inventive connection technique.
  • the vacuum-tight barrier 140 is wrapped around the split outer shell shells as an endless belt, preferably forming a 50% overlap a. This eliminates the need to attach two individual barriers to each other because of the Overlap automatically create two overlapping barriers.
  • Overlap can be specified larger or smaller depending on the application.
  • This type of connection of two barriers according to the invention addresses the known problem of creating a vacuum-tight connection without welding of metals, which requires a high expenditure and energy and is not applicable or economical in all applications.
  • the two barriers 140/1 and 140/3 are preferably made of a thin metal sheet or metal foil, metallized plastic plate or plastic film and / or glass
  • the films with barrier properties are therefore usually multi-layered structure, each layer is specialized in one of the gases and steam.
  • the sealing of evacuated cavities can therefore not be done permanently alone with plastic films.
  • the seal according to the invention functions in such a way that between two vacuum-tight thin barriers 140/1 and 140/3 a relatively thin layer of a well adhering and homogeneously producible plastic is arranged.
  • the molecules due to pressure difference of penetrating gases and / or water vapor are thereby forced to move between the two barriers 140/1 and 140/3 along the thin adhesive layer and filling layer 140/2.
  • This means that their penetration is basically a very thick plastic plate opposite, without this would be expensive and bulky there.
  • the largely small cross-sectional area of the thinest possible adhesive layer 140/2 also effectively bears against the penetrating gases, because the surface is even in a quadratic relationship with the gas-tightness of a plastic.
  • the barriers can be formed with a large overlap a, which ranges from a few millimeters to a few meters due to the application.
  • Each additional vacuum barrier also brings about an extension of the total sealing depth nx a due to its overlap.
  • the adhesive and filling layer very well cross-links the two vacuum-tight barriers and adheres them permanently. There must be no chemical reactions between the filler and the material of the vacuum barrier, which cause a detachment of the filling layer. Furthermore, make sure that the filler as little or no
  • the fusion of two thermoplastic barriers can be used instead of a filler, the fusion of two thermoplastic barriers.
  • the metallic coatings or films bonded to the respective plastic film are preferably to be arranged on the sides of the film facing away from one another, so that the thermoplastic plastic of both films can fuse together.
  • connection technology u. a. Also, their insensitivity to small damage to individual barriers, especially if they do not pass through both / all barriers. This facilitates the practical handling of the thin-walled barriers.
  • Suitable fillers may be any of metals well adherent thermosets, such as epoxy, polyurethane, neoprene and silicone resins, either as
  • a further protective layer can be applied to the multilayered vacuum barrier formed in this way, which protects the metallic barrier permanently against corrosion as protection against water vapor / water.
  • the flexible barrier 140 formed as a band may contain therein an internal metallic layer or foil provided on both sides with a thermoplastic layer or foil. Then, as described above, the vacuum-tight connection of the overlapping portions of the tape can be seamlessly welded by heating to the melting temperature. This is required in some applications or material compositions, because with only one-sided overlap coating, one metallic layer would oppose thermoplastic material from the other side.
  • a metal barrier coated on one side can also be used if good crosslinking and adhesion between plastic and metal can be ensured by the above melting method.
  • Glass tubes / ceramic tubes are created, such. occur in vacuum tube solar collectors.
  • the metal tube and glass tube need only be wrapped over a sufficiently long overlap area with barrier tape with the sealant or thermoplastic layer.
  • FIG. 22 shows a perspective schematic view of a T-joint connection unit 70 with a divided outer shell.
  • this T-tube connection unit 70 is advantageously designed as a pipe fitting, thereby enabling assembly of pipes in the usual way and on site.
  • the inner tube elements 120/1 n, 120/2 can be made protruding by a pre-stretch length 20, as in FIG. 10, in order thereby to ensure good accessibility during connection work.
  • split outer and / or T-joints can be connected by soldering / welding seam or by a longitudinal edge-side flange connection (not shown).
  • the respective inner and outer pipe-pipe connections are executable to be connected pipes.
  • FIG. 23 shows a perspective schematic view of a T-tube connection unit 70 with undivided outer shell 120/1, 120/1 n.
  • This undivided outer shell can be produced by, for example, welding the partial elements along the cut edges 120/1 1 a, 120/1 1 b or by casting - / Spraying be prepared, in which case the inner tube elements 120/2 and 120 / 2n are connected in a gastight manner inside the one-piece outer shell.
  • all three inner pipe connections are necessarily executed by a Vorstreckin 20 protruding, thereby ensuring good accessibility during connection work.
  • Figure 24 shows a perspective schematic view of a corner pipe connection unit 71 with undivided outer shell 120/1.
  • both inner pipe connections are made protruding by a pre-stretch 20, thereby ensuring good accessibility during connection work.
  • FIG. 25 shows a perspective schematic view of a corner pipe connection unit 71 according to the invention with a divided outer shell 120/1 a, 120/1 b.
  • the cutting plane here is the x-y plane, so that the inner pipe corner element with the outer shells removed are accessible for carrying out the connection work. They are therefore preferably designed with a negative pre-stretch length U20 and therefore can be easily accessible connected on both sides to suitably protruding inner tubes to be connected Abtsandhalteran angelen.
  • the bending angle of the double corner pipe fitting can be specified arbitrarily.
  • the outer shell shells 120/1 a, 120/1 b can then be connected together gas-tight. This is done by a known connection method, especially in metallic pipes by welding. Furthermore, the connection technique according to the invention from FIG. 21 can also be applied over corners.
  • FIGS. 22 to 25 may, but need not, each have at least one spacer according to FIGS. 1 to 4, 6, 13 to 16.
  • Figure 26 is a partial cross-sectional view of an expansion spread compensated corner spacer assembly.
  • the inner shell 120/2 is composed of welded tubes and a tube corner piece.
  • the outer shell is hereafter also composed of sub-segments and in this case connected by flange 120/15, welded or screwed.
  • the inner diameter of the outer shell is dimensioned so that the inner shell can have a given freedom of movement, the area is indicated by dashed lines.
  • the respective spacers (not shown) must be designed to allow this thermal movement.
  • FIG. 27 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a composite spacer assembly with an expansion loop in the usual U-shape. This often used for pipes U-loop initially ensures the thermal expansion of the outer shell 120/1.
  • thermal expansion compensating devices may be used for both the outer shell and the inner shell, such as, in particular, the corrugation or corrugation of the pipe walls shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 28 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment according to the invention of an evacuable tube arrangement with a honeycomb segment 103/2 carrying a weight. This preferred arrangement spaced the hot and cold walls of the inner and outer tubes 120/1 and 120/2 according to the invention only with respect to the
  • Weight force Fm generated by the inner tube 120/2 and the contents enclosed in it The spacing with respect to the forces generated by the pressure difference is in this case carried out by sufficiently firmly designed wall of the outer tube 120/1.
  • FIG. 29 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment according to the invention of an evacuable tube arrangement with a fully supporting honeycomb structure 103, which, as shown in FIG. 34, preferably completely surrounds the inner tube 120/2.
  • honeycomb structure 103 bears tightly against the inner walls of the two tubes 120/1 and 120/2, which is possible only for short tube sections by an axially directed insertion, a division of the outer tube 120/1 into two half shells is provided in this embodiment, which are firmly and tightly joined by means of flange or welded joints 120/14.
  • FIG. 30 shows a longitudinal sectional partial view of the embodiment according to the invention of an evacuable tube arrangement with a fully supporting honeycomb structure 103.
  • the honeycomb core 103 serves as a spacer which receives, for example, the pressure differential forces. Therefore, the outer sheath 120/12 can be made thin-walled.
  • the casing 120/12 has a larger one
  • the left and right of the spacer assembly 10 connected outer tubes 120/1 1 and 120/13 are designed as self-supporting vacuum-resistant tubes and therefore themselves need not support until the next spacer because of the deflection. Therefore, they can be made in their inner diameter very close to the outer diameter of the inner tube 120/2, which makes them much cheaper.
  • the left-connected outer tube 120/1 1 is made thick-walled in order to be vacuum-tight.
  • the right-connected outer tube 120/13 has a corrugated or corrugated surface, whereby their vacuum-resistant higher strength is achieved by structural elements and thereby the wall thickness can be reduced, which saves weight and material costs.
  • the casing 120/12 is connected by means of flange or welded joint / s 120/15 with the two outer tubes 120/1 1 and 120/13 connected, so that the honeycomb core 103 beforehand in the
  • Pipe space 121 can be inserted.
  • the honeycomb core 103 has between the cells 105 connecting openings 104, which are for a connection of the partial cavities 121/1 and 121/2 on both sides of the
  • Spacer assembly 10 provide, so that according to the invention a continuous overall cavity 121 is formed, which is also evacuated from a single connection point.
  • the spacer assembly 10 may be at the same time structurally supported from the outside or a support 122 at another location, also on one of the left and right connected outer tubes 120/1 1 and / or 120/13 done.
  • FIG. 31 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment according to the invention of an evacuable tube arrangement with a weight-bearing cushion spacer 250.
  • the cushion spacer 250 is designed as a bag formed of foil in which a silica powder, foam or gas filling is enclosed.
  • the pad spacer 250 is made and sealed under vacuum environment, but according to an embodiment of the invention without a metal layer.
  • the film is only partially gas-tight and is able to pass a sufficient amount of gases over a certain short period of time.
  • the cavity 121 prevails after assembly of the spacer assembly, the system-dependent negative pressure, so that the bag film only has to bridge the time that elapses between factory-side production and installation.
  • the pad spacer 250 may be metallized
  • the missing metal layer allows the spacer 250 according to the invention to achieve lower heat transfer values, since a plastic film has thermal conductivity values in the range of 0.2 W / mK compared to 15 W / mK for stainless steel and 220 W / mK for aluminum.
  • the cushion spacers 250 may also be positioned along a cavity 121 as shown in Figs. 11 and 12 to proportionally accommodate the weight forces of the inner tube 120/2 and contents.
  • the cushion spacer 250 is preferably configured to have a
  • Angular segment occupies the inner tube 120/2 and thereby also supported laterally. Since the cavity remains continuous above it, it can be evacuated due to the system.
  • the pouch envelope serves as a shell claimed to train.
  • the bag envelope is filled with a heat-insulating gas such as xenon, krypton, argon or air.
  • a heat-insulating gas such as xenon, krypton, argon or air.
  • the bag envelope is gas-tight made of metal foil or metallized plastic.
  • FIG. 32 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another preferred variant of the spacer arrangement 10 according to the invention for spacing tubes 120/1, 120/2, which are also arranged inside one another, or also vessels.
  • the outer tube 120/1 itself is structurally designed so that it can carry the acting by pressure difference between the cavity 121 and the outside atmosphere acting forces F Ap without spacers.
  • the F Ap can be far more than just 1 bar for underwater pipes.
  • the spacer assembly 10 serves only to receive the force Fm acting on it, which originates from the own weight of the inner tube 120/2 and the contents located therein. Accordingly, the cross-section of the tensile force transmitting member (s) 30 can be made smaller because the outward biasing forces F Ap do not act on them. Consequently, the thermal insulation is even more effectively predetermined.
  • the spacer assembly 10 may be configured to be supportive along the entire pair of pipes or may be locally positioned in allowable distances for the inner pipe 120/2.
  • the pressure sensors 200, 201 can also be arranged directly on the respective surfaces of the tubes 120/1, 120/2 and / or be formed from the inside without special walls 106, 107 carrying them.
  • They preferably comprise a predetermined angular segment ⁇ , which is to be specified so that the inner tube 120/2 receives a reliable lateral support.
  • the angular segment ⁇ can be increased or completely encircle the circle.
  • a circular spacer assembly and thin-walled outer tubes can be used, which do not defy the external pressure forces, but the spacer assembly assumes this function.
  • Suitable applications are all pipelines that are designed to conduct heat or cold.
  • double-walled vessels may also be spaced in the same way, e.g. at least one of the inner and / or outer wall surfaces of outer tube 120/1 and / or inner tube 120/2 may also be provided with an infrared reflective layer to reflect the infrared radiation back to the warmer object.
  • FIG. 33 shows a perspective view of a honeycomb core structure 103 according to the invention.
  • the honeycomb core 103 is available in this way mainly from paper as Pappwabenkern for cardboard honeycomb panels and as a filling element for cavities.
  • the honeycomb core 103 is formed from individual strips arranged parallel to each other of the cell height h by bonding to each of an adhesive regions 103/6 offset from the next cell row. For this purpose, usually larger sheets are first glued together / bonded together and then cut to the desired cell height h.
  • honeycomb core must be pulled apart to form a hexagonal honeycomb shape.
  • the honeycomb core 103 is pulled only slightly apart and bent about an axis along the bonded strips, so that the cells 105 have a rhombus shape. Only in this direction shown and incomplete
  • Expanding the honeycomb core is a bending of the honeycomb core possible without problems. In the transverse direction of the strips, bending is impossible or leads to an irregular tilting of the side edges of the cells 105.
  • honeycomb cores can be used according to the invention to equip cylindrical surfaces of pipes, boilers and casings, etc. with a low-cost evacuable or fluidizable fluid insulation.
  • connecting openings 104 or edge recesses are provided in the cell walls. Further, grooves may instead be provided in one of the walls 106, 107.
  • Figure 34 shows a perspective partially cutaway view of a
  • honeycomb core structure 105 in an application according to the invention for spacing two tubes 120/1, 120/2 positioned one inside the other.
  • the honeycomb core 103 here preferably completely encloses the inner tube 120/2. In this way it supports the wall of the outer tube 120/1 surrounding it from the outside evenly, if necessary, also against the pressure differential forces, so that the wall thickness of the outer tube 120/1 can be reduced since it does not have to absorb the pressure difference forces alone.
  • the inner tube usually has a medium below
  • the outer tube 120/1 which is shown as a partial segment, could be self-supporting before and after the honeycomb core 103 and thereby make do without spacers for a given distance or, in other embodiments, be completely filled along the inner tube 120/2 with the honeycomb core. to thereby use a cheaper thin-walled, non-vacuum-bearing outer tube 120/1 can.
  • the honeycomb core 103 has at least one in each cell in this embodiment
  • the honeycomb core does not necessarily have to be made in one piece, but is preferably composed of individual subsegments, which are either lined up loosely next to one another or connected to one another.
  • the honeycomb core segments may be inserted between the tubes or, in other preferred embodiments, mounted over an outer wall divided into shells.
  • the individual honeycomb core segments can be designed as required at least in sections for higher or lower load, for example, to carry the weight of the inner tubes or vessels together with content.
  • the curved arranged honeycomb core segments can be provided by one or both sides with a clamping blade of the same or different honeycomb material, thereby achieving the maximum achievable structural rigidity and load capacity of the honeycomb structure.
  • Figure 35 shows a perspective view of a rotary shaft 2 according to the invention. It is intended to reduce the heat transfer from an engine such as a turbine or electric generator / motor to a shaft driven or driving device.
  • the rotary shaft 2 an outer, preferably rohrformigen shaft shaft 160/1 and an inner, preferably also rohrformigen or rod-shaped shaft shaft 160/2, which are arranged spaced from each other.
  • the beabstanbdung is with at least one, more preferably at least two annular inventive
  • Spacers 10/1, 10/2 executed according to Figure 6, 13 or 15, wherein the arrangement, the voltage and the cross section of the Glaskart transmission elements 300 / i are designed for the transmission of the provided torques M.
  • the outer and inner ring members 150/10 and 150/20 are each non-rotatably connected to the outer shaft shaft 160/1 and inner shaft shaft 160/2. This compound can be carried out according to one of the known types, preferably through slot connections.
  • the two shaft shafts are preferably precisely positioned and balanced in one another.
  • the outer shaft shaft 160/1 is in this embodiment at one end with a (not shown) lid preferably gas-tightly closed and from the other open end of the inner shaft shaft 160/2 protrudes.
  • a (not shown) lid preferably gas-tightly closed and from the other open end of the inner shaft shaft 160/2 protrudes.
  • the rotary shaft 2 according to the invention can for transmitting torque M between engines such as turbines and electric generators / motors or on
  • Valve fittings and chokes are used. That will be especially effective
  • thermally insulated when the cavity 121 is evacuated between the shaft shafts can also be used without torque transmission fixed for electrical insulation, for example by a high-voltage insulator is arranged as a cable holder on the inner or outer shaft shaft.
  • Figure 36 shows a cross-sectional view of the rotary shaft 2 according to the invention when used in a double-walled evacuated insulated, designed as a turbine object 3 in a highly simplified representation, which has been reduced to the essential inventive features.
  • a turbine for example, steam turbine 3, has a plurality of turbine blades 170, which are non-rotatably connected to the outer shaft shaft 160/1.
  • the outer shaft shaft 160/1 is sealed at one of its ends and rotatably mounted in at least two bearings 170/2, 170/4, which in turn in the bearing supports 170/1, 170/3 are arranged.
  • the bearing supports 170/1, 170/3 transmit the bearing forces to the inner wall 107 of a double-walled heat-insulating turbine housing.
  • Turbine housing is preferably formed integrally or at least in large sections by spaced evacuated walls 106, 107, so that around the work space 120/21 of the turbine, a rimless connected cavity 121 is created.
  • spacer here are only preferably used claimed on tensile spacers, each having mutually acting and projecting pressure transducer 200 / i, 201 / i and tensile force transmission elements 30.
  • the inner shell formed by inner walls 107 may be arranged with the arranged in its useful space 120/21 turbine 170 on inventive support spacers as shown in Figure 19 hanging, so that caused by the enormous mass of the turbine additional force load inventive long-trained tensile force transmission elements 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b intercepted.
  • These long traction transfer elements 300 / 2a, 300 / 2b can also be further extended several times by a suitably designed extension unit according to the invention, for example, according to the example of FIG. 18. Then, it remains the pressure transducers 200 / i, 201 / i and traction transfer elements 30 to catch only the pressure differential forces, whereby they can act more effective thermal insulation.
  • Discharge pipe 173 evacuated evacuated evacuated evacuated for the removal of the relaxed working medium thermally insulated and connected to the respective walls 106, 107 of the housing on the same side and rimless gas-tight as explained in Figure 20. As a result, the heat losses are reduced and thus the efficiency of the entire turbine assembly improved by the residual energy of the relaxed working medium is used.
  • the rotary shaft according to the invention is arranged so that its inner shaft shaft 160/2 by a seal 160/6 with the outer side wall 106 and outer
  • Shaft 160/1 is connected by a seal 160/7 as possible with the utility-side wall 107 gas-tight and rotatable.
  • the cavities of the Housing walls and the cavity 160/21 of the rotary shaft borderless and tightly connected.
  • the heat has a single transmission path available to be transmitted via the traction transfer elements of the at least two spoke wheel spacers 10/1 and 10/2, where the heat transfer resistance is highly effective according to the invention by optimized cross section of the traction transfer elements.
  • Rotary shaft according to the invention is operated only under an air environment without sealing and thus practically an air heat insulation is realized.
  • the cavity of the housing is preferably permanently connected via an evacuation port 171 to an evacuation device, which is provided for maintaining a predetermined degree of evacuation by means of a control (not shown) under detection of the negative pressure in the cavity 120/21.
  • the critical seals 170/6 and 170/7 will allow a certain leakage rate, which is preferably compensated by periodic post-evacuation.
  • the energy consumption for the periodic Nachevaku réelle is inventively realized significantly lower than the saved heat energy.
  • the space side seal 170/7 represents a higher technological problem, since it is exposed to high temperatures and pressure of the working medium. Therefore, the choice of the arrangement of these seals in the region of the relaxed working medium is arranged close to the discharge line 173, where the temperatures are already lower.
  • the representation of the housing of the turbine only has a schematic character and in reality, the housing walls and corner areas are rather rounded form, in order to better master the high pressure.
  • FIG. 37 shows a perspective view of a spacer assembly in the form of a wheel with a one-piece tensile force transmission element 302.
  • the arrangement corresponds to that of Figure 6 with outer and inner ring members 150/10 and 150/20, but the tensile force-transmitting element 302 is integrally formed of a thin film which is frictionally attached to the ring members 150/10 and 150/20 or with inside in one piece, for example, is made by injection molding of plastic.
  • the traction transfer element 302 has at least one opening 302/1, which serve in the evacuation of the cavity 121 of a rapid evacuability.
  • This refinement can also be used for extension units according to FIGS. 15, 16 or for divisible configurations according to FIGS. 13, 14.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une entretoise d'écartement (10) et un ensemble entretoise d'écartement (1, 10) pour une isolation thermique et/ou électrique par écartement d'une gaine externe (120/1) et d'une gaine interne (120/2) d'un objet qui renferme un contenu et qui est sensiblement entouré au moins par la gaine interne (120/2). La gaine externe (120/1) absorbe les forces d'appui, de gravité et/ou d'inertie (Fm) agissant dans au moins une direction d'action de force (x, y, z) par des sections (30, 300) de transmission de force de l'entretoise d'écartement, lesdites forces étant exercées par le continu de l'objet. La cavité (121) contient un milieu fluide ou un vide (121) entre les parois (106, 107) espacées ou les surfaces de la gaine externe (120/1) et de la gaine interne (120/2). Il est prévu que la conductivité thermique et/ou électrique de ladite au moins une entretoise d'écartement (10) et/ou dudit au moins un ensemble entretoise d'écartement (10) soit ramenée, par réduction de la section transversale cumulative des sections de transmission de force (30, 300), à la valeur limite de résistance (σz, σD) avec un facteur de sécurité prédéterminée, du matériau utilisé pour l'entretoise d'écartement.
PCT/DE2010/075114 2009-10-30 2010-10-30 Ensemble entretoise d'écartement pour l'espacement et système tuyau/paroi WO2011050801A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112010004216T DE112010004216A5 (de) 2009-10-30 2010-10-30 Abstandhalteranordnung zum isolierenden beabstanden und rohr-/wandungs-system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009044440 2009-10-30
DE102009044440.8 2009-10-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011050801A2 true WO2011050801A2 (fr) 2011-05-05
WO2011050801A3 WO2011050801A3 (fr) 2012-02-02

Family

ID=43922657

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2010/075114 WO2011050801A2 (fr) 2009-10-30 2010-10-30 Ensemble entretoise d'écartement pour l'espacement et système tuyau/paroi

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE112010004216A5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011050801A2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019175488A1 (fr) * 2018-03-12 2019-09-19 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Canalisation de transport sous-marin de produits pétroliers et procédé d'isolation
CN114300213A (zh) * 2022-01-24 2022-04-08 中国科学院电工研究所 一种高热导铌三锡超导线圈及其制作方法
CN114727595A (zh) * 2019-12-03 2022-07-08 阿西姆普托特有限公司 用于将容器绝缘的塞子以及冷却方法
CN115233859A (zh) * 2022-06-24 2022-10-25 哈尔滨工业大学 一种低能耗相变储能连接件

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070286981A1 (en) 2006-03-15 2007-12-13 Alan Feinerman Vacuum insulation panel

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4338520A1 (de) * 1993-11-11 1995-05-18 Saechsische Landesgewerbefoerd Evakuierter Solarkollektor
AU3967197A (en) * 1996-07-08 1998-02-02 Oceaneering Space Systems, A Division Of Oceaneering International, Inc. Insulation panel
DE19834379C2 (de) * 1998-07-30 2001-03-08 Dieter Braun Wandelement
DE10119037C2 (de) * 2001-04-18 2003-06-26 Dieter Braun Gekrümmtes Isolierelement
WO2007074503A1 (fr) * 2005-12-26 2007-07-05 Yoshihiro Shiotani Panneau sous vide
DE202007002920U1 (de) * 2007-02-26 2007-07-05 Kbb Kollektorbau Gmbh Sonnenkollektor

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070286981A1 (en) 2006-03-15 2007-12-13 Alan Feinerman Vacuum insulation panel

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019175488A1 (fr) * 2018-03-12 2019-09-19 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Canalisation de transport sous-marin de produits pétroliers et procédé d'isolation
CN114727595A (zh) * 2019-12-03 2022-07-08 阿西姆普托特有限公司 用于将容器绝缘的塞子以及冷却方法
CN114727595B (zh) * 2019-12-03 2024-03-26 阿西姆普托特有限公司 用于将容器绝缘的塞子以及冷却方法
CN114300213A (zh) * 2022-01-24 2022-04-08 中国科学院电工研究所 一种高热导铌三锡超导线圈及其制作方法
CN114300213B (zh) * 2022-01-24 2024-01-26 中国科学院电工研究所 一种高热导铌三锡超导线圈及其制作方法
CN115233859A (zh) * 2022-06-24 2022-10-25 哈尔滨工业大学 一种低能耗相变储能连接件
CN115233859B (zh) * 2022-06-24 2023-10-03 哈尔滨工业大学 一种低能耗相变储能连接件

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE112010004216A5 (de) 2012-08-09
WO2011050801A3 (fr) 2012-02-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0952382B1 (fr) Conduite flexible
DE1525658C3 (de) Wärmeisoliertes Leitungsrohr
DE69931274T2 (de) Vakuum-isolierte rohrleitung
WO2011050801A2 (fr) Ensemble entretoise d'écartement pour l'espacement et système tuyau/paroi
DE212010000208U1 (de) Ein Vakuum-Thermo-lsolations-Paneel und ein Herstellungsprozess dafür
WO2010018166A2 (fr) Système de raccordement pour un tube de conduite pivotant autour d'un axe de rotation, dans une centrale héliothermique
DE68928547T2 (de) Kompakte vakuum-isolation
WO2011050800A2 (fr) Ensemble entretoise d'écartement par force de traction, procédé de production et application
DE202010008929U1 (de) Abstandhalteranordnung und Verbund-System
DE102008040367A1 (de) Bauteil zur Herstellung von Vakuumisolationssystemen
DE102018129898B4 (de) Vorrichtung zum Mitführen von Treibstoff in einem Luft- und Raumfahrzeug
WO2018114567A1 (fr) Porte-tuyau découplé thermiquement présentant une capacité de charge mécanique élevée
DE102010060289A1 (de) Solarkollektor, Verbund-System und Solaranlage
DE60205945T2 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von wärmedämmenden, zylinderförmigen isolier-vakuumplatten und dadurch hergestellte isolier-vakuumplatten
DE2106588C3 (de) Wärmeisolierung für einen Behälter zur Lagerung tiefkalter Flüssigkeiten
DE10331540B4 (de) Kryotechnische Drehverbindungsanordnung
WO2011131190A4 (fr) Dispositif écarteur à charge de traction
EP1867904B1 (fr) Dispositif d'étanchéité pour un passage de conduite à travers une ouverture murale, un tuyau ou une conduite
DE3707768A1 (de) Vakuum-waermeisolierung
EP1457729B1 (fr) Ecarteur pour un substrat allongé
DE202010008927U1 (de) Thermisches Verbund-System funktionell zusammenhängender Gegenstände
EP1608906B1 (fr) Ensemble isolant pour conduits, en particulier pour des conduits d'un systeme pneumatique dans un avion commercial
WO2011048143A1 (fr) Système à double tube
EP0771995A1 (fr) Procédé de construction d'un panneau superisolant, panneau superisolant et son utilisation
WO2011116766A2 (fr) Enveloppe étanche aux gaz pour dispositifs d'isolation sous vide

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1120100042160

Country of ref document: DE

Ref document number: 112010004216

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R225

Ref document number: 112010004216

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20120809

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 10818059

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2