WO2011050800A2 - Ensemble entretoise d'écartement par force de traction, procédé de production et application - Google Patents

Ensemble entretoise d'écartement par force de traction, procédé de production et application Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011050800A2
WO2011050800A2 PCT/DE2010/075113 DE2010075113W WO2011050800A2 WO 2011050800 A2 WO2011050800 A2 WO 2011050800A2 DE 2010075113 W DE2010075113 W DE 2010075113W WO 2011050800 A2 WO2011050800 A2 WO 2011050800A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spacer
walls
tensile force
pressure transducer
pressure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2010/075113
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2011050800A3 (fr
Inventor
Viktor Schatz
Original Assignee
Viktor Schatz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Viktor Schatz filed Critical Viktor Schatz
Priority to DE112010004214T priority Critical patent/DE112010004214A5/de
Publication of WO2011050800A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011050800A2/fr
Publication of WO2011050800A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011050800A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
    • F16L59/065—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum using vacuum
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • E04B1/803—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped with vacuum spaces included in the slab
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/12—Arrangements for supporting insulation from the wall or body insulated, e.g. by means of spacers between pipe and heat-insulating material; Arrangements specially adapted for supporting insulated bodies
    • F16L59/123—Anchoring devices; Fixing arrangements for preventing the relative longitudinal displacement of an inner pipe with respect to an outer pipe, e.g. stress cones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/08—Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/14—Hull parts
    • B63B3/68—Panellings; Linings, e.g. for insulating purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/40—Sound or heat insulation, e.g. using insulation blankets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/242—Slab shaped vacuum insulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/10—Insulation, e.g. vacuum or aerogel insulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spacer and spacer assembly for
  • Spacer and spacer assembly a use of the spacer and spacer assembly for electrical insulation and a power product with the features mentioned in the preambles of each independent claim.
  • thermos flask made of reflective coated glass or stainless steel and Dewar flask named after its inventor.
  • Dewar vessels are limited to circular vessels of limited height and diameter, because the spaced apart by each positioned walls of the Dewar bottle must withstand the differential pressure of one bar and this bending and shearing forces are exposed.
  • VIP panels vacuum isolated panelel
  • a spacer filling the volume of the plate is packed in a vacuum-tight barrier casing.
  • spacers hard foams fine-pored silica powder or as silica powder are known, or aerogels used.
  • This type of VIP panels achieves thermal conductivities of 0.004 W / mK, but only in the case of endlessly accepted panel expansions.
  • the edge of the plates must also be sealed vacuum-tight, which is why metallic foils or
  • the main aim here is to use spacers between two glass panes in such a way that they remain as invisible as possible and that the usual perception by humans is not disturbed.
  • very small, 1 to 2 mm in diameter and 0.5 to 1 mm in height having spacers made of metal, glass or ceramic are used, which are arranged from each other in a grid of about 20 mm. This type of spacer is in
  • Trayforman extract disclosed that deformed three-dimensionally and between two on pressure stressed three-dimensional pressure transmission structures is spanned. These full-surface tensile load elements fully participate in the radiation exchange and are therefore designed to be reflective. The reflective layers of metal or metal foils, however, highly conductively transfer the heat. Hunter therefore suggested a variety
  • Creepage currents are directly related to the isolation capability.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, a spacer and
  • Another object of the invention is directed to the solution of the edge thermal bridge problem.
  • the invention is also directed to the goal of enabling a variety of energy-saving, emissions-reducing and thus environmentally friendly applications.
  • the invention is based on a spacer and preferably composed of a plurality of spacers spacer assembly with at least one tensile load-transmitting element and counteracting on each wall, beyond the Abbezungsmitte away from behind cross protruding, with the tensile force transmitting element connected pressure transducers for heat transfer Spaced from each other with a force acted upon first and second, the impelling force distributing walls and / or surfaces of objects.
  • the respective first and second spaced walls are each provided with a preferably gas-tight barrier and between the spaced walls or
  • Surfaces is a fluid medium or vacuum provided and / or effected.
  • the pressure transducers are at a given pressure transducer distance in
  • Wall extension direction / s side by side spaced at respective first and second walls arranged and in each case with a predetermined gap distance from the respective opposite complementary first or second wall in
  • the thermal conductivity of the at least one tensile force-transmitting element is reduced by a reduction in its cross-section to the applied with predetermined safety margins tensile strength limit of the material used, thereby achieving the greatest possible
  • At least one individual pressure transducer is loaded symmetrically by the two proportionally acting partial forces of at least two tensile force transmission elements acting on it symmetrically, that the respectively generated tilting moments are mutually canceled, and the single tensile force transmission element at least within an elementary arrangement having at least two pressure transducers acting on the first wall and a single counteracting pressure transducer spaced therefrom and spaced from the same wall at a predetermined gap distance, so that at least the single center pressure transducer is integral with the one-piece tensile force -Ubertragungselement is used without interruption as a deflection, on which the one-piece tensile force transmission element compressive force
  • the elementary arrangement is constructed of at least two oppositely insertable counteracting pressure transducers, wherein at least one outer sleeve pressure transducer of the two pressure transducers is designed as a sleeve body of any geometric, closed or open cross section, and has at least one facing the opposite wall access opening, in which a hintermaticd counteracting inner pressure transducer is positioned.
  • the opposite sleeve sides of the outer sleeve pressure transducer serve as a pressure transducer, and at least one of the other sides of the outer sleeve pressure transducer transmits the pressure transducers symmetrically resulting tilting moments against each other repealing.
  • deflection serve the edges of the access opening of the outer sleeve pressure transducer.
  • Pressure transducer as a thin-walled sleeve allows the construction of a very compact, punctiform spacer, which can be flexibly used in many applications.
  • the inner pressure sensor is also designed sleeve-shaped and for spaced receiving a further inner, with at least one continuous or separate tensile force transmission element
  • Each pair of spaced-apart sleeve pressure transducers has at least one traction transfer element, so that the overall length of an effective
  • Heat transfer path is composed of the summed length of all elementary heat transfer paths and exceeds the mere spacing of the first and second walls.
  • the internal sleeve pressure transducers are free floating and have no contact with spaced walls and other sleeve pressure transducers.
  • the respective inner / outer free-floating sleeve body are preferably secured by means of at least one transverse stabilization element against tilting moments in at least one, more preferably in two degrees of freedom.
  • the transverse stabilization element is also preferably designed as a claimed construction element tensile and also its thermal conductivity by a
  • the two arranged on the second wall pressure sensor are each set up as a deflection and the individual tensile force transmitting element also integrally formed on these pressure transducers over and arranged deflected around the respective deflection, so characterized by no traction transmitting attachment of Traction transmission element is needed at these pressure transducers.
  • At least one tensile force transmitting element is integrally arranged over a plurality of arranged in a line elementar arrangements away at respective deflection of the counteracting pressure transducer, so that the tensile force transmission element up to two opposite marginal edges of at least one The two walls is arranged clamped.
  • a fastener is the / the traction transfer element / s at this
  • the tensile force-transmitting element preferably rests freely on the deflecting means of the pressure transducer arranged on at least one of the walls and preferably slidably engages, whereby an automatic alignment and / or positioning of the counteracting pressure transducers is made possible.
  • the respective traction transfer element is attached to the deflection means of the arranged on at least one of the walls pressure transducer after a precise previous orientation, whereby the pressure transducer defines a defined
  • Spacing can have a given gap distance under all possible, even uneven loading conditions.
  • the attachment of the tensile force-transmitting element to the deflection of a respective pressure transducer is also preferably by frictional forces occurring freely resting, and / or a bond, welding, crushing / clamping and / or application of pressing holding means / n executed.
  • Another advantage for the handling it is when the attachment of the traction transfer elements on only one of the walls with pressure transducers as pre-assembly and then the other wall with
  • This second wall can then with her
  • Pressure transducers both free-standing and also, for example be attached by gluing.
  • the fastening means for fixing the one-piece tensile force-transmitting element is arranged on respective inside edge of the wall or the randmid pressure transducer.
  • the fastening means for securing the one-piece tensile force transmitting element is arranged on the outer side facing away from the cavity created by spacing of the walls cavity of the relevant wall, so that the one-piece tensile force-transmitting element is deflected around the peripheral edge of respective wall, wherein the one-piece tensile force-transmitting element at its two ends in each case has a counter-fastening means.
  • Counter securing means are simple and precise manufacturable devices, whereby they are able to specify the position, orientation and the length of the tensile force transmission element exactly.
  • the counter-fastening means is preferably designed as a loop formed from the tension-transmitting element itself, and more preferably forms the
  • Traction transfer elements to at least a portion of the
  • the tensile force transmission element mat according to the invention has at least one binding means arranged transversely to the tensile force transmission elements, whereby the individual tensile force transmission elements are prevented from becoming tangled together during assembly.
  • the binding agent may be formed as a weft thread and / or as a plastic film. Due to its transverse arrangement, it does not contribute to an increase in the thermal conductivity, because there is always the same temperature potential along its extent.
  • At least one additional free-floating pressure transducer is arranged between the pressure transducers as an extension means for extending the effective effective heat transfer distance of the traction transfer elements beyond the spacing of the walls such that the extension means abuts against the counteracting one Traction transmission elements is arranged levitating and thus has no direct contact neither to one of the walls nor to one of the pressure transducer.
  • the tensile force-transmitting elements or mats are arranged deflected at least one deflection around the extension means, and the extension means is spaced at a predetermined gap distance from the first and second walls.
  • the extension means is preferably as one along the wall surfaces
  • Pressure sensor of the first wall and the pressure transducer of the second wall each have their own outer and inner tensile force transmission elements, which in each case on a portion of the beam element, the proportionally attributable to them pressure differential forces, and the beam element characterized between two support points against an interposed middle bearing point on bending is claimed and the counteracting pressure differential forces electedüber six.
  • the beam element is exposed in its direction of extension only the mutually balanced tilting moments and thus remains stably positioned.
  • the beam element is non-rotatably connected against rotation about its extension direction axis by means of at least one common reinforcing bar extending at least to the next beam element, a plurality of beam elements being non-rotatably connected to an extension unit.
  • the tensile force-transmitting elements or mats are preferably each grouped on the first and the second walls by means of fastening and / or counter-fastening means, and / or more preferably attached to the extension unit itself, for which purpose the two extremely arranged beam elements each have fastening means and / or even serve as such.
  • the pressure sensors are at least one of stiffening rib elements for stiffening formed the respective walls, wherein they have for this purpose a longitudinal extent, which is extended in sections and / or over the entire width of the wall / s.
  • a load-bearing hull of a ship or aircraft, or body shell of a vehicle can be formed, which also has the outstanding thermal insulation properties.
  • spaced walls have any 2- and / or 3-dimensionally curved surfaces, wherein the respective pressure transducer arranged on walls and optionally beam elements of an extension unit, the respective
  • a curved surface does not have to be composed of individual flat elements, but an arbitrary shaping can be predetermined.
  • the pressure sensor (s) and / or beam element (s) are formed of at least one sound-damping and / or sound-deadening material, preferably wood, cork, press paper, plastics and / or soft - / rigid foam are used. Furthermore, a composition of the sound-damping materials may be predetermined so that each material better attenuates and / or insulates certain frequency ranges. Since the pressure transducers occupy their space within the spacing between the walls in any case, the invention thus provides additional sound insulation without increasing the spacing of the walls.
  • An additional increase of the thermal insulation according to the invention achieves a further development in the dimensioning of the pressure sensors, in particular of the pressure forces exposed cross-section, is reduced to the applied with predetermined safety reserves pressure-strength limit of the material used, so that the thermal conductivity of the pressure transducer is also minimized and total heat resistance of the spacer assembly is additionally reduced.
  • At least one pressure transducer and possibly beam element (s) are designed as a thin-walled structurally stiffened structure, in particular as sleeve, tube, rectangular / oval tube (12), U, T, E profile or any combination from that.
  • the material of the pressure transducer (s) is selected from an incomplete listing of a rigid foam, encapsulated silica prepulver, airgel, wood, pressed paper / cardboard, cork, plastic, composite fiber, ceramic, refractory metal alloy, or any composition thereof.
  • At least one of the walls has 2-dimensional and / or 3-dimensional depressions and elevations, so that the pressure sensors are formed by sections of the surface of the wall (s), the cross-section of the elevations and depressions forming a wave -, bowed, trapezoidal, triangular and / or rectangular shape or any composition thereof.
  • the walls are structurally stiffened and can therefore be pressed from a thinner material, such as sheet metal or plastic sheet or composite, deep-drawn, extruded or injected.
  • the cross section of the elevations and depressions is dimensioned so that the first and second walls with the respective elevations in respective recesses of the other wall are spaced apart position is particularly advantageous. Ie. they are asymmetrical, for example, normal wave plates would touch when joining relatively quickly and only shortened or no traction transfer elements between them be positioned.
  • the depressions of at least one wall lying outside the cavity formed by the spaced-apart walls are preferably with a filler, more preferably with filled a sound-absorbing and / or sound-absorbing filler. In this way, the empty space is usefully used without increasing the thickness of the spacer assembly.
  • At least one additional outer wall with appropriately dimensioned recesses and elevations on at least one of the walls is spaced apart by an additional tensile force transmission element or mat so that the wall then enclosed in the cavity acts as an extension unit thereto serves to increase the effective heat transfer path, thereby increasing the ratio of the wall thickness of the arrangement to the effective
  • Heat transfer path is improved.
  • a plurality of, for example, formed as wave plates walls can be arranged one above the other to form a relatively thin-walled spacer assembly.
  • the tensile force transmitting member is preferably as a single or a plurality of fibers and / or wires and / or as an over-extended film and / or tape and / or a fiber roving or tissue and / or rod of any cross-section or any composition thereof is trained.
  • the tensile force-transmitting element according to the invention from a plastic, polymer ceramic, glass, carbon, textile or metal fiber and / or foil or tape is formed, suitable for a particular application temperature material with the best tensile strength, continuous load, minimal Heat transfer capacity, low buckling brittleness and / or low stretchability is to select.
  • Aramide, Vectran, Zylon (brands of respective manufacturers), glass, quartz glass, carbon, carbon, cellophane, ceramic, tungsten, stainless steel, titanium, nickel, heat-resistant are preferred here
  • glass fiber has a larger deflection radius than aramid, while a Vectran fiber (brand of the manufacturer) in this regard is even less sensitive.
  • the Umlenkrundung / s have in the contact portion with the tensile force transmission element on a gradation, which ensures that the tensile force transmitting element has a sufficient distance from the adjacent side surface of the pressure transducer and the length of the elementary heat transfer path is defined and enlarged.
  • the areas of the Umlenkrundung / s of the pressure transducer, and / or optionally the beam elements lined with a sufficiently hard material and / or trained, so that concentrated by the acting on the deflectors traction transfer elements generated compressive force picked up and on a softer material of the pressure transducer
  • At least one of the walls and / or the pressure transducer and / or the tensile force transmission element is formed according to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention from a transparent material, a glass or plastic, thereby forming transparent or semi-transparent window panes.
  • a transparent material a glass or plastic
  • at least one of the transparent walls and / or the pressure transducer can have a UV reflection layer or reflection lines / patterns in order to prevent bird strike as birds can see in the UV spectrum.
  • At least one of the walls preferably on the inside and / or outside and / or the
  • Pressure transducer on a substantially at least in the direction of colder to the warmer wall reflective infrared radiation reflection layer.
  • Such coatings are usually made of metal and / or metal oxides in the form of a mirror coating. It is particularly advantageous if according to the invention at least one of the gas-tight barriers at the same time forms this infrared radiation reflection layer.
  • the pressure transducer may be located between the spaced walls and / or the lateral surfaces at least one infrared reflection shield be arranged spaced, which may be formed in particular as a multilayer insulation.
  • the present invention achieves further advantages when the spacer or spacer assembly is additionally or exclusively used for the isolation of electrical voltage, because the invention also provides for the isolation of the current
  • the present invention can be embodied particularly effectively if the angle of inclination of the at least one tensile force transmission element with respect to a tangential plane of at least one of the spaced walls is substantially perpendicular below 90 degrees, in particular in the angular range between 45 and 135 degrees, more preferably between 60 and 120 Degree, more preferably formed between 70 and 1 10 degrees.
  • mass inertia forces and / or weight forces may occur in addition to the pressure differential forces acting on the spaced walls. Their occurrence can occur permanently or sporadically.
  • Mass inertia forces generated which are exerted by and / or on an enclosed wall formed by an inner wall.
  • Pressure transducer designed to be sufficient for the additional mass-related forces amount increased to be increased to the applied with predetermined safety reserves strength limit of each material used.
  • Rear force transmission means is arranged perpendicular or at a predetermined inclination angle to the respective wall or tangent plane, so that return forces which pull apart the two walls against the forces acting and / or move against each other along the walls, are collected.
  • At least two return-force transmission means are arranged against each other with an inclined inclined angle, so that a mutual relative displacement of the walls in one, more preferably in two, more preferably in three degrees of freedom is prevented.
  • Rear force transmission means are predetermined so that the thermal conductivity is reduced to the applied with predetermined safety reserves tensile strength limit of the material used.
  • Applications include equipment and apparatus operating under varying pressure conditions, such as aircraft, spacecraft,
  • At least one vacuum / pressure sensor is disposed within the cavity formed by walls, either by a gas-tight through at least one barrier
  • At least one pressure transducer has at least one guide means for defining a predetermined engagement position for the encompassing traction-force transmission element in the region of its pressure-receiving surface and / or edge provided as a deflection means. This prevents that a tensile force-transmitting element from slipping off its position on the pressure transducer and thus no longer carries its share of force.
  • heat-insulating materials are replaced and / or continued.
  • the use of carbon fiber or steel wire can be started on the hot wall at 500 degrees Celsius and glass fiber or even aramid fiber can be used after the extension unit. Even without an intermediate levitating
  • Pressure transducer may be connected to tensile force transmission elements made of different materials, e.g. by friction welding or knotting or other known techniques.
  • At least one wall of the spacer arrangement is integrally formed integrally with the pressure transducers arranged on it.
  • this makes it possible to realize microfine spacer arrangements which enable a total wall thickness in the range of 3 to 5 mm and below, wherein the thermal insulation at an effective elementary heat transfer distance of only 0.5 to 2 mm aramid fiber is still two, for example at room temperatures
  • VIP plates are realized.
  • Such VIP plates according to the invention are further referred to as Z-VIP plates for distinguishing them from the conventional VIP plates, with Z for tensile force transmission element.
  • Z-VIP plates for distinguishing them from the conventional VIP plates, with Z for tensile force transmission element.
  • the tensile force-transmission element mat is previously formed in conjunction with at least one extension unit.
  • individual fiber, fiber bundles, tapes and / or filaments of the tensile force-transmission element mat are arranged with such a predetermined fiber distance from each other that the material of the pressure transducer at least to the
  • Attack surfaces can withstand the pressure forces incurred by the applied force at a given Drucketzschêt- distance.
  • the objects according to the invention are achieved by using a spacer and spacer arrangement according to one of the previously described preferred embodiments for forming heat-insulating evacuated or fluid double walls around or from objects / n which harbor a colder or warmer fluid with respect to the environment / or pass.
  • a plurality of spacer assemblies having unclosed edge portions are strung together to form an arbitrarily shaped and arbitrarily extended surface shape of one or more than one article or articles or systems and a plurality of gas tight barriers of respective spaced apart walls with their marginal edges, respectively a coherent outer and a
  • the inventively formed objects are not as such from one
  • Compressed air tanks liquid gas and gas pressure tanks, Z-VIP panels, soundproofing for buildings, engines and vehicles and other applications.
  • Soldering, bonding, chemical, overlap with adhesive layer / enamel layer, and / or sealing or any composition thereof is carried out, wherein the same and / or different materials of the barriers are connected.
  • a heat-insulating gas in particular Xenon
  • xenon has a thermal conductivity of only 0.005 W / mK, ie like a powder-evacuated VIP plate. If the risk of a defective evacuation is too high for an application, a heat-insulating gas filling may be used
  • the objects according to the invention are achieved by a method for producing a spacer and spacer arrangement according to one of the previously described preferred embodiments, in that a first wall and a pressure transducer arranged thereon are provided in one step,
  • a second wall and pressure transducers arranged on it are provided,
  • At least one traction transfer mat is provided, and then the traction transfer mat is placed against pressure transducers of a wall, and the two walls are joined together with the respective pressure transducers facing each other.
  • the traction transfer element mat is previously provided in association with at least one extension unit.
  • At least one tensile force transfer mat is preceded at the opposite edges of at least one of the walls across
  • Spacer assemblies wherein respective barrier is formed over at least a portion of at least one of adjacent spacer assemblies of gas-tight and one-piece or multi-piece. Further, in one step, the barriers provided are gas-tightly connected on the different side or, more preferably, on the equilateral side, so that cavities of adjacent spacer arrangements have a
  • connection device is connected in a gastight manner to a barrier, and the cavity is evacuated or fluidized, or according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • the latter can, in particular in the production of small-sized objects, preferably of disposable articles, such as inventive beverage cans with permanently cooled content of a
  • the objects of the invention by use of a spacer and spacer assembly according to one of the previously described or derivable preferred embodiments for forming an electrical insulator for isolating standing under electrical voltage difference electrical potentials.
  • the objects of the invention are further achieved by an energy product saved and / or generated by spacers / assemblies and / or applications or articles according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy product is heat, cold, light, electrical or mechanical Energy can occur.
  • the energy product is heat, cold, light, electrical or mechanical Energy can occur.
  • Energy product can be recorded or estimated in joules, kWh, cal or other common units.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the spacer arrangement according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial perspective view of a second embodiment of
  • inventive spacer assembly a schematic cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the spacer assembly according to the invention, a perspective view of a tensile force transfer element mat according to the invention, an enlarged partial perspective view of the
  • Tensile force transmission element mat according to the invention a schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the spacer arrangement according to the invention, an exploded perspective view of a flat spacer arrangement according to the invention, an exploded perspective view of a 2-dimensionally curved spacer arrangement according to the invention, a perspective view of the spacer arrangement from FIG. a perspective view of part of another
  • FIGS. 10 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the spacer assembly according to the invention from FIGS. 10 and 11, a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the spacer assembly according to the invention from FIGS. 10 and 11 with a modification, a perspective partial sectional view of an extension unit according to the invention for embodiment of Figure 13, a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a pressure transducer, a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the invention individually spaced spacer assembly, one-piece tensile force transmission element of Figure 16, perspective view of the preferred embodiment of Figures 16 and 17, a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention individually nested
  • FIG. 19 shows a perspective view of a further preferred embodiment of the spacer assembly according to the invention, a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the spacer assembly according to the invention, a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the spacer assembly according to the invention, a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another 23 shows a perspective view of a further preferred embodiment of the spacer arrangement according to the invention, a schematic cross-sectional view of the embodiment from FIG. 25, FIG. FIG. 27 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of yet a further preferred variant of the spacer arrangement according to the invention,
  • Figure 28 is a schematic cross-sectional view of still another preferred
  • Figure 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view of still another preferred
  • FIG. 30 shows a perspective view of a further preferred embodiment of the spacer arrangement according to the invention using honeycomb structures for pressure sensors
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of that shown in FIG.
  • Figure 32 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the invention
  • Figure 33 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of yet another
  • FIG. 34 shows a perspective view of a winding according to the invention.
  • Figure 35 is a cross-sectional view of another preferred embodiment with closed walls.
  • FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view of another preferred embodiment
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the spacer assembly 10 according to the invention, the two acting on the force F Ap distributing and supporting walls 106 and 107 spaced from each other with a predetermined distance height h. Both walls comprise a wall thickness H.
  • counteracting pressure transducers 200 and 201, 202 are each projecting beyond the center of the spacing from the respective wall.
  • a trained for example from a fiber tensile force transmission element 300 comprises a first train 300/1 and a symmetrically to her on the opposite side of the central pressure transducer 200 engaging the train 300/2.
  • these two Switzerlandaten 300/1 and 300/2 are connected in one piece with each other with a connection path without interruption and around the
  • the respective other ends of the pulling sections 300/1 and 300/2 are fastened to the edges of the pressure-transmitting surface of the left-sided and right-side pressure pickups 201 and 202, so that the loading force F Ap , Fm from the first wall 107 via the pressure pickup 201 to the pulling section 300 / 1, then on the
  • Compressive force transmission surface 200/2 is transmitted.
  • the power is transmitted via the right-side pressure transducer 202 to
  • the middle pressure transducer 200 can be easily inserted into the formed by the tensile force transmission element 300 loop. Furthermore, the edges of the pressure force transmission surface 200/2 on Umlenkrunditch 200/1 and 200/3, which ensure that the thin fiber material of the tensile force transmission element 300 are not exposed to breakage by buckling load. Glass fiber and aramid fiber, for example, are relatively brittle, while Vectran is known for its fracture stability, so that the radius of curvature is application specific and thus can be maximized with a smaller radius of curvature, a greater length of the heat transfer path formed by the 300/1 and 300/2 train lengths.
  • Pressure sensor 201, 202 can be done variously.
  • the fastening means 201/1 and 202/1 may each be formed as a pin about which an end of the respective pulling sections 300/1 and 300/2 formed as a loop is looped.
  • the traction transfer member may be integrally guided around from one attachment means to the other, thereby continuing ever deeper into the y-direction of the image plane.
  • Mate wall 106 with arranged on her pressure transducers 200 in a simple way.
  • the gap distance Ah between the respective wall 106, 107 and the pressure transducers 200, 201, 202, 200i is to be minimized in such a way that sufficient prevention of convection is ensured for a given degree of evacuation , the respective train routes 300/1 and 300/2 have a maximum achievable length and reserves for one
  • the material of the traction transfer element (s) must be selected in such a way that, for a given application temperature, the lowest possible cross section of the traction transfer element (s) is achieved with the lowest possible thermal conductivity due to the highest possible tensile strength. In this way one achieves the best thermal resistance of the device.
  • Pressure transducer h D h-Ah enters twice into an effective heat transfer line L sum , as well as the length of each elementary heat transfer path or train routes 300/1 and 300/2.
  • an optimal ratio of the highest in this case pressure load capacity which enables a streamlined construction of the pressure transducer, and a low thermal conductivity and possibly good sound insulation / - attenuation values sought for the pressure sensor.
  • a building insulation cork, rigid foam or wood and the like can be used for pressure transducer.
  • the total transverse area of all pressure transducer one of the walls makes up about 1/5 of the surface of the walls.
  • the pressure sensors of the other wall are to be counted on and already double the pressure transducer height indicated above. If you wanted to achieve the same insulation effect with a continuous cork panel, you can estimate it roughly, you have to double the Druckaufêtièreièreièreièreièreièreièreièreièreièreière, it is possible that when using cork, the total transverse area of all pressure transducer one of the walls makes up about 1/5 of the surface of the walls.
  • the pressure sensors of the other wall are to be counted on and already double the pressure transducer height indicated above. If you wanted to achieve the same insulation effect with a continuous cork panel, you can estimate it roughly, you have to double the Druckaufsacrificing Too times, so that a total of a 10-fold thick cork board is replaced. If the pressure transducer height in the example 20 mm, then the replacement cork plate is 200 mm thick to set, without requiring additional space thickness and really consume as much material.
  • Pressure transducer on each of the walls 106, 107 preferably be different, thereby more targeted to suppress various acoustic frequencies and to achieve a better overall result.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ of the tensile distances 300/1 and 300/2 with respect to the surface tangent of the walls 106, 107 is preferably to be aimed as close as possible to the vertical or normal orientation, because thereby the transversely acting clamping forces in the traction transfer elements are reduced otherwise would be considered by larger cross-section of the tensile force transmission elements.
  • a predetermined angle of inclination ⁇ can be of use. This problem and its solution will continue to be discussed in more detail.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective partial expansion view of a second preferred embodiment of the spacer arrangement 10 according to the invention, which is similar to that described in FIG. 1, but also has differences which have been pointed out below.
  • the individual train sections 300/1 and 300/2 and their parallel adjacent train sections 300k are each connected to one connected train Transfer element mat 30 summarized and arranged on each edge side on a respective mounting rod 300/4.
  • This transfer element mat 30 can hereby be produced in a pre-process and is, for example, plastered or suspended in the holders 201/1 and 202/1 arranged at the edges of the pressure pickups 201 and 202.
  • One of the traction transfer mats 30 is shown in exploded view prior to its mounting in the holders 202/1.
  • the individual fibers of the tensile force transmission element mat 30 can also be held together with transverse binding elements or transverse binding means 300/3 so that they do not get tangled together.
  • the techniques for this purpose can be taken over, for example, from textile production, where such binding elements are referred to as weft.
  • adjacent mounting bars 300/4 can be combined to a mounting rod 300/4 and clipped in the middle of the pressure force transmission surface of respective pressure transducer.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a third preferred embodiment of the spacer arrangement 10 according to the invention.
  • all pressure transducers such as the middle pressure transducer 200 in FIGS. 1 and 2 without fastening means are designed merely as a deflecting means for a tensile force transmission element 300 engaging integrally on the pressure force transmission surface of respective pressure transducers 201 and 202.
  • all pressure transducers are not only advantageously symmetrical and of identical design, but it accounts for the many individual fasteners and thus fastening process steps of the 300/1 and 300/2 trains to each pressure transducers.
  • the tensile force transmitting elements can thereby be extended to the entire dimension of the wall (s) 106, 107 until they are fastened only once to the respective edge of the wall.
  • This advantageous fastening according to the invention will be described in more detail.
  • One or a plurality of one-piece tensile force transmission elements 300 are alternately projecting around the counteracting, outreaching
  • Pressure transducer of both spaced walls 106, 107 guided guided deflected wherein they either free to rest on respective pressure force transmission surfaces 200/2, 201/2, 202/2 and are held only by frictional forces, or alternatively, in addition, preferably after a precise previous alignment in the correct position be adhered by gluing, welding and / or clamping. This last-described attachment is only the fixation against slipping or shifting the fibers from their intended positions and therefore does not need to transmit high forces.
  • Spacing heights h can form by an inclination.
  • Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of
  • Traction transmission element mat 30 according to the invention, as it can be used for the spacer assembly 10 described in FIG.
  • the tensile force transmission element mat 30 has an extension length ⁇ _ ⁇ , the
  • the counter-fastening means 301 of the tensile force-transmission element mat 30 is formed in the present case as a flat bar 301, which has positioning means 301/1 in the form of holes. These holes 301/1 are attached, for example, to corresponding pins or bolts of the fastening means 107/92, 107/301, 106/301 at the edge of the wall 106 and / or 107.
  • a flat bar 301 which has positioning means 301/1 in the form of holes.
  • These holes 301/1 are attached, for example, to corresponding pins or bolts of the fastening means 107/92, 107/301, 106/301 at the edge of the wall 106 and / or 107.
  • the fastening means can be used reversed, so then advantageously arranged instead of the holes 301/1 pins engage in the holes in the wall 106, 107 and thereby a smoother surface is created.
  • the tensile force transmitting member mat 30 preferably has at least one binding means, tie member 300/3 disposed transverse to the tensile force transmitting members 300k, thereby preventing the individual tensile force transmitting members 300k from being entangled with each other during assembly ,
  • the individual tensile force transmission elements 300k can be embodied here as individual thin fibers or as combined fiber bundles or so-called filaments.
  • the distribution of the load due to pressure differential forces is the responsibility of the designer and must be adapted to the respective application. For practical applications, a fine mesh of individual fibers or of spaced thicker filaments usually results. In both cases, it requires an orderly textile-like bond in the transverse direction of the force-carrying tensile force transmission elements or fibers by weft threads.
  • FIG. 5 shows an enlarged partial view in perspective of the tensile force transfer element mat 30 according to FIG. 4 according to the invention.
  • the individual tensile force transmission elements 300k are guided in each case as a loop deflected around a holder 301/20, which runs on a busbar 301 designed as a collection strip
  • Counter-fastening means is executed in a required predetermined plurality.
  • the holder 301/20 can be closed after threading the loop formed by tensile force transmission element 300k and optionally fixed in the closed state, so that a thinner material for the counter-fastening means can be used.
  • a foil is used which is provided with the similar counter-fastening means 301 which allow it to be fastened to the fastening means of the wall (s) 106, 107.
  • a cellophane film brand name cellophane
  • films made of a high-tech material such as aramid can be produced and
  • films it is advantageous that they can be transparent on the one hand and can therefore be used for evacuatable double glass panes, and on the other hand do not require a fabric mesh that has been produced in an elaborate manner. Furthermore, films can be used advantageously cut into strips of predetermined width.
  • Another advantage of the films is that they distribute the forces more evenly than individual fibers can do it.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a further preferred embodiment of the spacer arrangement 10 according to the invention, which, as shown in FIG. 3, has one-piece tensile force transmission elements 300 with their individual traction sections 300/1, 300/2.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ is almost exactly 90 degrees in this embodiment, whereby the pressure transducers are arranged close to each other.
  • Traction transmission element 300 additionally equipped with a gradation 200/5, 201/5, which ensures that the tensile force transmission element 300 has a sufficient distance from the adjacent side surface of the respective pressure transducer 200, 201 and the length of the elementary heat transfer path thereby defined and is enlarged.
  • the pressure surface areas 200/7, 201/7 of Umlenkrundung / en 200/1, 200/3, 201/1 of the pressure transducer 200, 201, 202 are preferably lined with a sufficiently hard material and / or formed, so that by the on Deflections attacking tensile force transmission elements 300k recorded concentrated pressure and transmitted to a softer material of the pressure transducer 200, 201, 202 distributed over a large area. This makes the use of a wider choice of pressure transducers more suitable
  • the cork, softwood or rigid foam can be used in this way when the pressure areas 200/7, 201/7 are made of a plastic, metal, ceramic or glass.
  • Compressive force transmission surface of the pressure transducer 200, 201, 202 also advantageously ensures that the tensile force transmission element 300 less contact with the
  • the inner portion of the pressure sensor may be made hollow, thereby providing increased heat transfer resistance.
  • the attachment of the tensile force transmission element 300, 300i, 300k or a tensile force-transmission element mat 30 is shown at the edge of the wall 107 in Figure 6.
  • the last traction sections 300n of the tensile force transmission element 300 are deflected and clamped at a predetermined angle of inclination around the peripheral edge 107/9, which may be different from the angle of inclination ⁇ or as indicated by the dashed line.
  • the peripheral edge 107/9 has an edge rounding 107/90, which ensures a kink-free deflection of the tensile force transmission elements 300n at the peripheral edge.
  • a counter-fastening means 301 of the tensile force-transfer element mat 30 with its positioning means is arranged in a positioning means 107/92 of the wall 107.
  • the positioning means of the wall 107 is a hole 107/92 and the positioning means of the counter-fastening means 301 is a pin, so that no pin from the surface of the wall 107 after can protrude outside.
  • the edge shoulder 107/91 formed on the edge of the wall 107 must be sufficiently stable in order to be able to absorb the tilting moments occurring at the last pressure sensor (s) 300n.
  • constructive measures such as ribs can be used (not shown).
  • the spacing arrangements 10 according to the invention can be enveloped by a vacuum barrier formed from a gas-tight film, or enveloped over the edges of two / more adjacently arranged spacer arrangements 10 be (not shown). In the illustrated embodiment, however, another type of edge connection is provided, since evidently the walls 106 and 107 themselves, for example made of sheet metal or plate gas-tight.
  • a tape strip 106/12, 107/12 made of metal foil or metal sheet is gas-tight in each case as a connecting element.
  • the gas-tight connection can be carried out by welding, soldering, gluing and / or chemical.
  • the thus prepared metal strips 106/12, 107/12 can either be gas-tightly connected to each other at the edge to form a plate with a closed edge, or borderless with the metal strips adjacent tiered further spacer assemblies 10 each outside and inside gas-tight connected to an extensive evacuated Form double-wall unit.
  • the traction transfer elements 300 travel, the walls 106, 107 are pressed by twice the gap distance Ah to touchdown on the pressure transducer 200i, 201 i against each other. Then a heat transfer capacity defined solely by the pressure transducers sets in and the evacuated double wall still has certain emergency operating characteristics. On the other hand, if only the evacuation due to a leak is lost, then remains a defined by gas or air thermal insulation and provides emergency operation until the elimination of the disturbance.
  • Figure 7 shows an exploded perspective view of a flat spacer assembly 10 according to the invention, the pressure transducers 200i, 200n and 201i of which have an elongated shape and thereby reinforce the walls 106, 107 as stiffening ribs, respectively.
  • the stiffening effect of the arrangement here is not limited to the wall on which attack the respective pressure transducer, but transferred via the tensile force transmission elements 300 on the other wall, so that the arrangement overall significantly more rigid than the mere sum of the two walls result would.
  • material can be saved and / or the spacer assembly 10 of the invention can be used as a supporting structural element.
  • On the representation of the fastening and connecting elements as in Figure 6 was in the sense omitted a simplified representation.
  • the connection of the pressure transducer 200i, 200n and 201 i with the respective wall 106 or 107 may be performed by punctiform or seam-forming welding, soldering, gluing or riveting / screwing or in one piece.
  • the simple evacuability / Befluidles this spacer arrangement remains guaranteed, since the gap distances Ah and the spacing of the end faces of the pressure transducer sufficient for this.
  • the elongated pressure transducers can be subdivided into subsections between which a gap spacing is likewise established.
  • FIG. 8 shows an exploded perspective view of a two-dimensionally curved spacer arrangement 10, deviating from the flat configuration described above, the walls 106, 107 and the pressure sensors 200, 200i, 201i formed on them as elongated stiffening ribs are of a predetermined curvature R reproduced and preferably cover each an equal angular segment of the curvature R.
  • Such curved spacer assemblies 10 have by the curvature R an additional rigidity, which can be advantageously included in the construction of objects.
  • the walls of cylindrical containers, storage tanks, boilers, aircraft hulls and / or large pipes may be lined with such spacer assemblies 10 or may be formed partially or entirely load-bearing.
  • weight and material savings result, which are particularly advantageous for the construction of movement means.
  • Airplanes and helicopters for example, can be built larger, lighter and at the same time highly insulating.
  • the pressure transducer 200i of the inner wall 106 instead of as shown on a plate also be placed directly on the wall of a container or tube and reinforce this addition.
  • spacer assemblies 10 may also be particularly advantageous in one piece. Casting and spraying methods as well as extrusion methods are applicable for this purpose. It can be used plastics or metals, metal alloys, especially aluminum alloys. The curved shape can in this case after a Extrusion and cutting done by bending the still warm or heated thermoplastic.
  • the elongated pressure transducers may be oriented along the axis of curvature as a pressure transducer being formed straight so that they do not need to be bent.
  • the extrusion process also allows particularly filigree structure formation of a wall with integrated pressure transducers, so that a spacer assembly 10 can have a total double wall thickness H of a few millimeters.
  • the thermal conductivity for a 5mm thick plate with 2 mm long pegs is about 2.2 * E-4 W / mK and is therefore better by a factor of 18.
  • a further improvement in the thermal conductivity of the same 5 mm thick plate to 7 * E-6 W / mK can be achieved by at least two orders of magnitude relative to the 570 relative improvement factor, each for a temperature difference between -20 and + Calculated 20 degrees Celsius.
  • very thin-walled and effective thermal insulation is possible, the temperature range of which was allowed to extend by using metal and quartz glass fibers at least up to 700-1200 degrees Celsius.
  • Such cardboard profiles are stiff enough, especially for smaller shaft dimensions, to bear the load by a pressure difference of one bar.
  • cellophane enables the production of very fine and thin-walled corrugated plate structures and even has a lowest thermal conductivity of solids under 0.04 W / mK.
  • connecting bores or cutouts can be created in them (not shown).
  • Figure 9 shows a perspective view of the spacer assembly of Figure 8 after assembly of the walls 106 and 107.
  • a 3-dimensional spacer arrangement according to the invention may be formed, for example, a spherical surface or any other complex shape surface of a container or also replicate an aircraft or ship's hull.
  • Figures 10 and 11 show a perspective view of part of another
  • Spacer assembly 10 with an additionally increased thermal insulation capacity, which is achieved by an extension of the tensile force transmission elements 300.
  • an extension means or unit 40 arranged freely between the pressure transducers of both walls 106, 107 is provided, which does not stand in any direct contact with either one of the wall-side pressure transducers 200i, 201i or one of the two walls.
  • a total of 6 counteracting pressure transducers 201, 201 i, 200, 200i, 202, 202i and internally disposed double-sided pressure transducer 400/1 form a minimum base unit 410 in this preferred spacer assembly 10. This base unit 410 can continue as desired between the walls 106, 107 continued be formed.
  • the double-sided pressure transducer 400/1 is in itself by the symmetrically acting forces acting on it balanced torque. However, so that the free-floating double-sided pressure transducer 400/1 is not twisted out of its position as a result of vibrations or shocks, it has at least one
  • Anti-roll bar element 400/31 rigidly connecting it to the next 400/2 pressure sensor.
  • at least two pressure transducers 400/1 and 400/2 and a transverse stabilization element 400/1 connecting them are necessary to produce a smallest
  • Extension unit 40 to form.
  • the extension unit 40 may be formed as extended and / or multiple extension units may be positioned side by side within a spacer assembly 10.
  • the second transverse stabilization element 400/32 is optional and may be superfluous depending on the length and design of the pressure transducer 400/1.
  • the wall 106 with its arranged pressure transducers 200, 200i can be made in one piece or in several pieces.
  • One-piece production is particularly economical and can be carried out either by casting / spraying from plastics or metals or by pressing from sheets or plates. The same applies to the antisymmetric wall 107 in FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of the complete spacer arrangement 10 with increased thermal insulation capacity from FIG. 10 in partial detail view with the added wall 107, but the pressure transducer 201 i which is identical in mirror image but offset in the mirror image and the tensile force transmission elements or mats 30/71, 30 / 72 are arranged. Notwithstanding the configuration of the fastening and counter fastening means in Figures 4-5 and 8-9 is shown in the embodiment of each of the tensile force transmission elements 300 and / or tensile force-transmitting elements mats 30/6 and 30/71, 30/72 in an endless Loop guided around the respective wall 106, 107 deflected. This eliminates complex fasteners and although the consumption of the fibers is increased, a cost savings can be achieved. Only for
  • the tensile force-transmitting elements mats 30/6 and 30/71, 30/72, for example, by gluing on the outer surface and / or the
  • transverse binding means 30/721, 300/3 for example in the form of weft threads, as already described above be.
  • the transverse binder 30/721, 300/3 can instead of
  • Weft threads are further formed by adhesive strips and / or plastic strips. They carry as long as they are locally transversal elements are no additional
  • the walls 106, 107 may be made of a gas-tight material, for example of plywood,
  • the free-floating pressure transducer 400/1 is claimed in its direction of extension between the bearing areas of the counteracting and alternately offset attacking tensile force transmission elements mats 30/6 and 30/71, 30/72 on bending and adds to the total effective elementary heat transfer path this to bend claimed sections added that cause additional insulation without increasing the spacing height h.
  • the effective elementary heat transfer path is now also according to the invention from a double length of the 300/1, 300/2 trains (see Figure 6), twice the height of the pressure transducer (h-Ah) and the above-described bending sections of the extension unit 40th Dies is it possible with this arrangement, the
  • Thermal insulation is particularly advantageous when heat-resistant materials must be used and they have relatively high thermal conductivity. By only a little more design effort thus significant performance increases can be achieved.
  • thermal insulation can be achieved by selecting the material of the different traction-transmission element traction lines 300/1, 300/2 acting in succession: for example, to the hot wall it may be a heat-resistant stainless steel wire V fiber or carbon / carbon ceramic fiber, and to the cold
  • Wall a less heat-resistant, but better heat-insulating material can be used. If you continue it over several extension stages, u.U. the last material used is the best material, e.g. the aramid fiber. With this technique, then far greater performance increases can be expected, which can roughly be estimated at a factor of 100-1000 in comparison to the simple heat-resistant fiber.
  • the between the pressure transducers 200, 201 to be designed to be larger distance d, although you have with firmer thickened and / or stiffened walls 106, 107 or
  • This spacer arrangement can also have any two or three-dimensionally formed walls, for which purpose the geometry and / or spacing of the respective pressure sensors are to be adapted to the outer and inner radii of curvature.
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the invention
  • Extension unit 40 forming pressure transducer 400/1, 400/2 with the gap distance Ah are each spaced from both walls 106, 107.
  • Pressure transducers 400/1, 400/2 are acted upon by the tensile force transmission elements 300i, 300k acting on them with proportionate pressure forces dF Ap acting on them. Due to the symmetrically acting forces all tilting moments M k arising at the pressure transducers 400/1, 400/2 are compensated, so that the transverse stabilization element 400/31 is merely used to prevent them from tipping over as a result of vibration and shocks.
  • the transverse stabilization element 400/31 is merely used to prevent them from tipping over as a result of vibration and shocks.
  • free-floating pressure transducer 400/1, 400/2 even without a stabilizing connection with each other, if in particular their cross-section has a longer or equal length in the surface propagation direction X extending edge as a height.
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the spacer arrangement according to the invention from FIGS. 10 and 11 with this modification, which makes it possible that no tensile force transmission elements 300i or mats 30 have to be fastened to the marginal edges 106/9, 107/9 , because these at the last pressure transducer 400/1, for example by means of the fastening and
  • Pressure transducer 400/1 occurring torques are symmetrically counteracting and therefore cancel each other elegantly.
  • Figure 14 is a perspective partial sectional view of the extension unit 40 for embodiment of Figure 13 is shown vividly.
  • Their major advantage over the embodiment in Fig. 10 and 1 1 is that they can be completed in a pre-process complete with all the fine traction transfer mats 30 finished. In this finished state, the extension unit 40 can then be very easily inserted into the pressure sensor of one of the walls 106, 107 and then the other wall on it and be joined together with their respective pressure transducers between the corresponding pressure transducers of the first wall. After that, all that remains is to apply the respective gas-tight barriers depending on the design and / or merely to connect the walls 106, 107.
  • FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of an exemplary pressure transducer 200, wherein it also applies to a free-floating pressure transducer as well.
  • the pressure transducer 200 has on each of the turnarounds 200/1, 200/3 at least one separator 200/1 s forming at least one guide groove 201/1 R such that a tensile force transmitting member 300 can be positioned and held therein.
  • the traction transfer elements 300i can normally also manage without lateral guide aids, as can be seen in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, in particular if the pressure transducers are designed to extend long and there is no risk of individual traction transfer elements slipping into the intermediate space and thus no force component more transmits.
  • FIG. 16 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a stand-alone spacer assembly 10 according to the invention.
  • At least one outer sleeve pressure transducer 500 of the two pressure transducers 500, 510 is embodied as a sleeve body 500 of any geometric, closed or open cross-section.
  • the sleeve body 500 has at least one access opening facing the opposite wall 106 or 107, in which a counteracting, internally arranged pressure sensor 510 is positioned.
  • a counteracting, internally arranged pressure sensor 510 is positioned.
  • deflecting serve the edges of the access opening. These edges preferably have Umlenkrunditch (not shown), which ensure that the fiber or ribbon-like tensile force transmission elements 30 are not exposed to breakage.
  • the inner pressure transducer 510 may be solid or sleeve-like and has at its edges shown in the image below also Umlenkrundache 510/1, 510/2 (not shown). At these Umlenkrundache 510/1, 510/2 the tensile force transmission element 30 is guided in one piece deflected and thus transmits the proportional pressure acting differential forces. Further, the Umlenkrundungen preferably each have a gradation described above, which, as described in Figure 6, ensures that the tensile force transmission element 300, 30 has a sufficient distance from the adjacent side surface of the respective pressure transducer 500, 510 and the length of the elementary heat transfer path thereby defined and enlarged.
  • FIG. 17 symbolically shows the one-piece tensile force transmission element 30 from FIG. 16 without the sleeve-shaped pressure transducer.
  • the tensile force transmitting member 30 is integrally formed as a closed loop predetermined circumferential length, so that the tensile force-transmitting element 30 is basically attachable without special attachment.
  • a merely fixing attachment to at least one of the two tubular pressure transducers 500, 510 is advantageous in that the handling of the composite spacer 10 is more convenient.
  • guide grooves or separators may be provided on the deflecting edges of at least one of the sleeve pressure transducers as described above (not shown).
  • the outer and inner pressure transducers 500 and 510 each have a bearing surface 500/1 and 510/4, which may be disposed against a respective wall 106, 107 to be spaced, and a curved shape adapted to the shape of the wall May have surface shape.
  • the spacer 10 from FIGS. 16 to 18 can be used to form a pressure transducer 200, 201, 202 in FIG. 6, as a result of which the thermal conductivity thereof can be significantly reduced further.
  • Figure 18 shows a perspective view of the preferred embodiment of Figures 16 and 17.
  • the illustrated rectangular shape of the pressure transducer 500, 510 does not provide
  • geometric cross section e.g. round, oval, triangular or honeycomb-shaped.
  • the tensile force transmitting members 30/1 and 30/2 are crossed as two spaced apart closed loops in two directions X, Y, respectively.
  • the individual traction-transmission element (s) 30/1 and 30/2 can preferably be connected together to form a tensile-force transfer element mat 30/1 and 30/2 by means of transverse weft threads 300/3, so that their handling during assembly is simplified.
  • separators or guide grooves may be further set up (not shown), which ensure a maintenance of the position of the tensile force transmission element / s 30/1 and 30/2.
  • the assembly of the spacer 10 is very simple.
  • the outer sleeve pressure transducer 500 is enclosed with one or more integral tensile force transfer member mats 30/1 and / or 30/2 of predetermined length, and free protruding portion of the respective loop is inserted into the access port of the sleeve pressure transducer 500.
  • the inner pressure transducer 510 is then inserted into the access port of the outer sleeve pressure transducer 500 with its pressure receiving end with the turnarounds 510/1 and 510/2 and against the free-floating loops of the traction transfer elements 30/1 and 30 / 2, wherein the individual tensile force transmission element (s) 30/1 and 30/2 are to be positioned in the respective guide grooves or separators (not shown) which can be designed analogously to the embodiment in FIG. To make the latter operation easier To run, the support surface 500/1 of the sleeve pressure transducer 500 is designed to be removable or completely missing.
  • the spacer 10 is already used, but can fall out, which is why a (not shown) fixation, for example in the form of a surrounding from the outside holding thread can prevent this.
  • a fixation for example in the form of a surrounding from the outside holding thread can prevent this.
  • the two pressure sensors 500 and 510 are still tilted against each other. Only after an assembly between two walls 106, 107 to be spaced do these walls lend themselves to their walls
  • Spacer assembly 10 a stability against such tilting moments.
  • FIG. 19 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of FIG. 19
  • extension means 520 in a further preferred embodiment in the form of a freely suspended interposer pressure transducer 520.
  • the length of the individual formed tensile sections of the traction transfer elements 30 and 33, effective elementary heat transfer sections, are thereby along the entire
  • Total length of the effective heat transfer line Lsum is approximately doubled from the summed length of the elementary heat transfer paths of the arrangement and the mere spacing height h of the first and second walls 106, 107 may exceed.
  • the cross section of the tensile force transmission elements 30 and 33 must therefore each carry the full proportionate surface load.
  • the individual sleeve-shaped pressure transducers are smaller from outside to inside as Matröschka's. It can be added more free floating intermediate sleeve pressure transducers 520 in this way, the number is limited only by the fact that the dimensions of the spacer assembly, the positioning and manufacturing accuracy and the load-bearing strength of the walls 106, 107 set their limits force constructive compromises. A number of 5 pressure transducers appears to be quite achievable and brings about a 4-fold extension of the effective
  • transverse fiber-tensile force transmission elements contribute additional heat transfer, they are preferably as well as transverse fiber-tensile force transmission elements or transverse stabilization elements 35 with
  • Traction transmission elements 30 and 33 are covered.
  • the fibers and / or films of different materials need not necessarily be knotted together or welded, which can be known to significantly reduce their tensile strength.
  • the materials and shape of the pressure transducer 500, 520, 510 can be varied in order to achieve a greater thermal resistance.
  • a 500 degree Celsius hot wall 106 may be in pressure force transmitting contact with a pressure transducer 500 formed of ceramic, the tensile force transmitting member 30 may be formed of a heat resistant stainless steel wire or carbon fiber, the interposed floating sleeve pressure transducer 520 a plastic, the next tensile force transmission element 33 of aramid, Zylon, Vectran or glass fiber and the force acting on the cold wall 107 pressure sensor 510 may be formed of a further plastic.
  • All deflection edges of the pressure transducer 500, 510, 520 preferably have
  • Internally located pressure transducer 510 may protrude below the lower access port of free-floating inter-shell pressure transducer 520, as shown. This is possible when the traction transfer member (s) 30 may be spaced apart in its lower course, shown with a dashed line, in a corresponding recess (not shown) of the cantilevered intermediate sleeve pressure transducer 520. In another embodiment, it may alternatively by a deflected guidance of the / the traction transfer elements / s 30 around the outer wall of the free-floating
  • FIG. 20 shows another view of the embodiment of FIG. 19. It is shown to more clearly illustrate the lateral securing of the free-floating inter-shell pressure transducer 520 to the outer sleeve pressure transducer 500 by means of the anti-roll bars 35.
  • These can be realized as mutually oppositely acting loop elements in the respective direction X and Y, which are wrapped around the free-floating intermediate sleeve pressure transducer 520 below a peripheral bead 520/5.
  • These transverse stabilization elements 35 which are preferably in the form of fibers, can also be applied in a loop around the outer wall of the outer sleeve pressure transducer 500 and preferably secured by gluing.
  • FIG. 21 shows a perspective view of a further preferred embodiment of the spacer arrangement 10 according to the invention.
  • Fig.16 placed, but it is designed to extend elongated.
  • This embodiment can itself be used as a spacer, or instead of a pressure transducer in the embodiment of Figure 7 or as a
  • Extension means / pressure transducer 400 are used in Figure 14.
  • the last-mentioned use offers advantages of a further increase in the length of the effective réelleleitübertragungsddle Lsum.
  • the inner pressure sensor 510 and the outer pressure transducer 500 of the spacer assembly are offset by a small amount b offset from each other, so at the protruding end of each pressure transducer 500, 510 each have a separate transverse stabilization element such as 400/31 and 400/32 in Figure 14 can be fixed.
  • These anti-roll bar elements 400/31 and 400/32 separately connect the respective pressure transducers to one continuous unit so that they remain secured against overturning moments and are connected to each other only via the traction transfer mat 30.
  • a preferably coherently formed tensile force-transfer element mat 30 is held together by means of transverse binding means in the form of, for example, weft threads 300/3. It is in the form of a fiber tube as shown in Figure 34 (or film tube) of predetermined circumferential length formed and simply slipped on the outer sleeve pressure transducer 500 and preferably at a suitable
  • Pressure pickup 510 against the tensile force transmitting element / e 30 are inserted into the U-shaped access opening of the outer sleeve pressure transducer 500.
  • the final alignment of the tensile force transmission element / s 30 can be done automatically by applying the load on the two bearing surfaces 500/1, 510/4 by the tensile force transmission element / e 30 are brought to the deflection / Umlenkrundungen to slide.
  • the support surfaces 500/1 and 510/4 themselves have Umlenkrundungen 510/41 when used as extension means / pressure transducer 400 in Figure 14, so that the to the Umlenkrundungen deflected traction transfer mats 30/61, 30/62, 30/71, 30/72 (not shown, see Figure 14) no risk of breakage to be suspended.
  • FIG. 22 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the spacer arrangement 10 according to the invention.
  • the spacers from FIG. 16 are used for spacing two shaped walls 106, 107.
  • the walls 106, 107 have in areas between the spacers inwardly into the cavity 121 protruding bulges 106/15, 107/15, which are preferably formed along the resulting tensile stresses in them.
  • the walls 106, 107 do not have to bear high bending and shearing loads and can therefore be formed from a relatively thin material, which saves weight and costs.
  • they are formed from a metal sheet or metallized plastic, so that at the same time the gas-tight vacuum barriers are present.
  • the indentations 106/15, 107/15 can preferably be filled from outside with a filler 106/16, 107/16 in order to form a flat surface. More preferably, the indentations are 106/15, 107/15 filled with a sound-absorbing or sound-absorbing filler to save space to fulfill this important function of a wall insulation.
  • the indentations may be formed 2-dimensionally as a corrugated sheet metal or 3-dimensionally as a corrugated sheet metal or point-curved sheet metal.
  • the curved walls 106, 107 are transparent made of plastic or glass and then have no filler fillings. They can thus be used as corrugated glass panes or solar module panes, it being possible for the spacers to be arranged further apart from one another due to the structural rigidity of the corrugated profiles and / or the glass thickness to be reduced.
  • FIG. 23 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the spacer arrangement 10 according to the invention.
  • Both walls 106, 107 are in This example, for example, formed a trapezoidal corrugated metal sheet, the indentations and highlighting interengage spaced and thereby form the respective counteracting pressure transducer 200, 201.
  • one or more traction-transmitting elements 30 are alternately deflected around the pressure transducers 200, 201 formed in this way and are preferably clamped in one piece from edge to edge of the walls.
  • the tensile force transmitting member (s) 30 may be one of individual fibers or filaments using weft yarns
  • composite traction transfer mat 30 as shown in previous figures, or be formed as a film.
  • transparent material such as transparent silicone dioxide
  • adhesion to the side surface of the side wall 201/9 of the topmost pressure transducer 201 is advantageous.
  • an attachment deflected around the edge can be used similarly as in FIGS. 7 to 11.
  • the walls 106, 107 can be formed of a thinner material with high rigidity, which in turn saves costs.
  • the width of the indentations k1 and highlights k2 of the trapezoidal walls 106, 107 are designed asymmetrically in such a way that, when the trapezoidal walls 106, 107 are in a mirror-inverted arrangement, the respective ones narrower pressure transducer 200, 201 are spaced apart in the wider opposing indentations positioned.
  • the effective elementary heat transfer path / also results here between the deflection of respective counteracting pressure transducer 200, 201, which also have adapted Umlenkrundungen.
  • the / the tensile force-transmitting element / e 30 can be arranged at a predetermined inclination angle ⁇ , which is structurally specifiable.
  • edges of respective walls 106, 107 can be connected by welding, soldering, gluing or chemically using a conventional technique, for example by means of edge strips 107/12 and 106/12, wherein glass-metal connections can also be carried out.
  • the dashed lines 106/1 1 and 107/1 1 indicate a further development according to the invention, in which at least one side of the additional spacer assembly with respective tensile force transmission element / s is arranged.
  • the dimensions K1 and K2 must be adjusted, so that the number continues to be added
  • an extension of the effective summed heat transfer line Lsum with relatively little increase in the total wall thickness H can be achieved.
  • the then mid-placed walls 106 and / or 107 form an extension unit. They should preferably have connecting holes in order to ensure rapid evacuability of the resulting partial cavities.
  • the tensile force transmitting element / s or mats layered therethrough in the direction of extent Y of the plates can be offset from each other by a predetermined amount, thereby also adding the then center-placed walls 106 and / or 107 to additional heat transfer paths and increasing contribute to the thermal insulation.
  • the material adapted to the application temperature selects the then center-placed walls 106 and / or 107 and the traction transfer element / mats creates further potential for improvement.
  • FIG 24 is a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the spacer assembly according to the invention shown in Fig.23, in which case an additional outer wall 106/1 1 is provided.
  • This additional outer wall On the one hand, when it is non-positively connected with the contact areas of the wall 106 by means of welding, gluing, riveting, it is used as a structurally effective stiffening means. By additional rigidity can be used for the wall 106 and 106/1 1 a thinner sheet metal material. On the other hand, the additional outer wall 106/1 1 forms a flat surface that may be needed for optical or other reasons.
  • the additional cavities 121c formed thereby may be evacuated and then connected to the sub-cavities 121a and 121b, or may be connected to the outside atmosphere or filled with a filler.
  • an additional outer wall may also be appropriate or missing.
  • any other profiles can be used, such as triangle, rectangle, semicircle, half-oval, etc ..
  • FIG. 25 shows a perspective view of a further preferred embodiment of the spacer arrangement 10 according to the invention.
  • the walls 106, 107 are each formed as a corrugated plate formed in corrugations, between which a film is arranged as a one-piece tensile force transmission element 30.
  • This film usually does not need to be preformed wavy, but it may be in special applications.
  • the waveform offers in addition to the advantages of simple economic production, especially in applications with transparent transparency, such as window glass or greenhouse windows with respect to the trapezoidal shape or other corner edges having profiles.
  • the unavoidable optical distortion due to curved glass surfaces is lowest for wave profile and can be influenced by the tread depth and optical properties of the glass material and its coating.
  • the film other tensile force transmission elements according to the invention can be used. Their attachment is possible by bending around the edge or on the last wave surface by gluing or fastening means.
  • Figure 26 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the embodiment of Fig.25.
  • the rivets of the indentations and highlights the wave profiles are preferably asymmetrical and therefore formed spaced einragbar formed.
  • a single-fiber, glass-fiber or quartz-glass fiber, aramid, Vectran or Zylon fiber (trade name of respective manufacturer) or composite tensile force transfer member mat 30 may also be used as previously described.
  • the fibers can be arranged so thin side by side spaced apart that a relatively good transparency can be achieved.
  • the partial cavities 121 a and 121 b are here also preferably multiple times connected to each other by evacuation opening / s 30/60 or by spacing b 30 between the fibers.
  • This arrangement can be tightly connected to edges and executed evacuated. In other embodiments, it can only be positioned as a spacer between two outer walls, which in turn have vacuum barriers and are designed evacuatable.
  • edges of the walls 106, 107 are connected in the present example by means of a gas-tight attached to the marginal edges metal strip.
  • the present embodiment can be used particularly advantageously for forming very thin and inexpensive evacuated or evacuatable double walls made of thin sheet metal or plastic sheet, or even paper, as a wave cardboard sheet.
  • the sheet or sheet material may have a thickness of 0.1 mm, the total wall thickness H may be in the range between 2 and 5 mm, and the length / effective elementary heat transfer distance may then be in the range between 0.3 to 3 mm. If 30 aramid fibers are used as traction transfer element (s), a thermal insulation 5 to 15 times better can be achieved than with a powder-evacuated 20 mm thick VIP plate in its center.
  • the edge may have a flat edge strip.
  • the metallic corrugated sheet can be pressed inexpensive as a pressed part of sheet metal plates or endless rolled or canted in the direction of the wave or across.
  • Plastic versions can also be rolled or made by extrusion.
  • Paper corrugated sheets can be produced on existing systems with modified geometry and, like plastic corrugated sheets, must be provided with a metallic or metallised gas-tight barrier.
  • the enclosure with a barrier film which can be connected on the edge with other barriers on the same side or different sides.
  • the externally accessible wave indentations may preferably be filled with a filler, more preferably a sound-absorbing filler, to thereby achieve a planar surface against which the barrier sleeve rests.
  • evacuation bores can be provided along the shafts, which optionally also pass through the filler.
  • Such thin and inexpensive corrugated sheets according to the invention allow them to be stacked in at least two layers one above the other under offset overlap and thereby significantly defuse the thermal bridge edge problem.
  • the wave plates can be formed as any 2- or 3-dimensionally curved surface elements, for which purpose a modified adapted geometry of the waves and indentations must be created and can.
  • FIG. 27 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another preferred variant of the spacer arrangement 10 according to the invention.
  • the respective walls 106 and 107 are formed, for example, of glass or transparent plastic so that their outwardly facing surfaces are flat are and the trained inside a wave profile are modeled. This eliminates two curved optical surfaces and thus takes place on the inside refraction of light, resulting in a significant improvement in visual perception.
  • Such embodiments according to FIGS. 22 to 27 may of course also be modeled on a 2-and / or 3-dimensionally curved surface, as can be seen by way of example in FIGS. to form curved glass panes.
  • the or the tensile force-transmitting element / e 30 may be slidably mounted on the, in particular different from the Randmony, pressure transducers or attached by gluing or welding or clamping on both or only one of the sides.
  • Figure 28 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another preferred variant of the spacer assembly according to the invention with a force coupling device, which is intended to intercept also the forces acting on the two walls sliding forces Fx, Fy and in the direction Z, the walls 106, 107 pulling apart acting forces Fz and transfer.
  • the spacer assembly 10 is spaced from two spaced walls 106, 107 by means of counteracting pressure transducers 200, 201 and traction transfer member (s) 30 according to one of the previously described embodiments.
  • the walls 106, 107 are in this case only curved by way of example and may also be formed flat.
  • fastening means in the form of fiber bores 106/3, 107/3 are respectively formed at predetermined locations.
  • return-force transmission elements 130 preferably in the form of fibers, are guided and preferably guided and re-threaded on the respective outer surface of the wall 106, 107 as far as the next fiber bore.
  • the fibers 130 are inclined at an inclination angle ⁇ x to the surface tangent, so that they absorb proportionally forces in each case in one of the Fx directions and in the direction of the Fz force and transmitted between the walls 106, 107.
  • the fibers of the rear force transmission members 130 may be inclined to each other Trains 130/1, 130/2 exhibit, so that they counteract the displacement forces in both directions.
  • the same or further retractive transmission elements / fibers 130/1, 130/2 can also have an inclination in the YZ plane with an angle ⁇ y (not shown).
  • Another rear force transmission element 130 may be arranged counteracting at an angle - ⁇ y , so that the displacement forces in both Y directions are also counteracted in the Y direction. In this way, optionally up to three degrees of freedom of movement of the walls 106, 107 can be prevented relative to each other.
  • the space for laying the rear force transmission members 130 is provided between the pressure transducers by their spacing or interruption.
  • the rear power transmission members 130 preferably have no contact with either the pressure transducers nor the traction transfer members 30.
  • the inclination angles ß x , ß y can be specified application-specific, with their inclination may be different.
  • the cross section of the rear force transmission elements or fibers 130 is to be dimensioned to the respectively intended forces.
  • the material of the rear power transmission elements or fibers 130 is preferably heat-insulating and high tensile load-bearing to choose, so preferably made of the same material, as the tensile force transmission element / e 30. As a result, the additional heat transfer path is designed as minimal.
  • gas-tight barriers which are to be attached to the supporting walls 106, 107 from both sides, since the fiber bores 106/3, 107/3 are leaky.
  • the gas-tight barriers may be connected over the entire surface with the walls 106, 107 non-positively, if you want to attach to the respective barriers construction elements as force-fit to absorb the forces.
  • spacer assemblies 10 for example, carrying aircraft or ship hulls are conceivable.
  • the walls can then take over both supporting and insulating function.
  • space capsule can be exposed to alternating pressure loads and a load-bearing double wall is to maintain its load-bearing properties even after a loss of tightness.
  • FIG. 29 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of yet a further preferred variant of the spacer arrangement 10 according to the invention for spacing tubes 120/1, 120/2, which are also arranged inside one another, or also vessels.
  • the outer tube 120/1 itself is structurally designed so that it can carry the acting by pressure difference between the cavity 121 and the outside atmosphere acting forces F Ap without spacers.
  • the F Ap can be far more than just 1 bar for underwater pipes. In relatively small-sized pipes or vessels, however, it can be relatively easily achieved by thicker wall and / or by radial wall corrugation / corrugation.
  • the spacer assembly 10 serves only to receive the force Fm acting on it, which originates from the own weight m of the inner tube 120/2 and the contents located therein. Accordingly, the cross-section of the tensile force transmitting member (s) 30 can be made smaller because the outward biasing forces F Ap do not act on them. Consequently, the thermal insulation is even more effectively predetermined.
  • the spacer assembly 10 may be supportive along the entire pair of pipes or may be locally positioned within permissible distances for the inner pipe 120/2.
  • the pressure sensors 200, 201 can also be arranged directly on the respective surfaces of the tubes 120/1, 120/2 and / or be formed from the inside without special walls 106, 107 carrying them.
  • They preferably comprise a predetermined angular segment ⁇ , which is to be specified so that the inner tube 120/2 receives a reliable lateral support.
  • the angular segment ⁇ can be increased or the circle be completely enclosed.
  • a circular spacer assembly and thin-walled outer tubes can be used, which do not defy the external pressure forces, but the spacer assembly assumes this function.
  • Suitable applications are all pipelines that are designed to conduct heat or cold.
  • double-walled vessels may also be spaced in the same way, e.g. at least one of the inner and / or outer wall surfaces of outer tube 120/1 and / or inner tube 120/2 may also be provided with an infrared reflective layer to reflect the infrared radiation back to the warmer object.
  • the pipe spacing AD does not necessarily have to be formed symmetrically circularly circulating, but can be reduced on one side to increase the height of the angle segment and thus further increase the thermal insulation.
  • FIG. 30 shows a perspective view of a further preferred embodiment of the spacer arrangement 10 according to the invention using honeycomb structures for forming the pressure sensors.
  • the inventive concept realized here takes into account the fact that even thin-walled honeycomb structures in the form of cardboard honeycomb panels for a multiple pressure differential load by 1 bar can be interpreted and here achieve as pressure-loaded spacers evacuated plates thermal insulation values of powder-evacuated VIP panels, without the high price costs.
  • the pressure transducer (s) additionally improve the thermal insulation by virtue of their lower thermal conductivity values without adding anything to the overall thickness H of the spacer arrangement, then the cavity 121 is utilized even more efficiently.
  • honeycomb honeycomb structures are usually made of about 0.15 mm thick paper. If you use plastic or cellglass foil or metal foil instead of paper, you can reduce this thickness even more.
  • the thin, the honeycomb walls forming, perpendicular to the spaced surfaces filigree Design elements are so effective because they are arranged firmly anchored to each other by one clamping sheet. The clamping blades transmit lateral forces and prevent the kinking of the thin-walled honeycomb walls.
  • each honeycomb cell is provided for spaced reception of the respective counteracting pressure transducer 510, a clamping blade can be arranged only on the outer side of the honeycomb cells. Therefore, the edges of the honeycomb cell must be provided with a force transmission means according to the invention in the form of deflection means 500/2 arranged on the edge edge of the honeycomb cell.
  • the deflection means 500/2 of the adjacent honeycomb cells are formed as rods preferably round cross-section, which have a symmetrically shaped groove for receiving the edge edge of the honeycomb cells 500i. The width of this groove is sufficient to receive the thin-walled edge walls of the honeycomb cells 500 and can preferably be squeezed together to make this connection non-positive.
  • the honeycomb cells with the deflection 500 / 2 ⁇ integrated can be produced as a molded part.
  • the deflection means 500/2, 500/3 form a coherent lattice-like structure, which thereby firmly holds all Wabenzellen- walls instead of a missing clamping blade.
  • This grid-like structure of deflection means 500/2, 500/3 for example, by injection molding of a plastic or metal produced.
  • the pressure transducer of a wall 107 can be formed.
  • the pressure sensor 51 Oi the other wall 106 must be formed as a stand-alone shapes so that they are positioned in the open access opening of respective honeycomb cell spaced.
  • the single pressure transducer 510 is also designed as a thin-walled honeycomb structure. However, because it has no support through walls of adjacent honeycomb cells, this stand-alone honeycomb structure must be reinforced. The reinforcement is on the one hand by thicker wall material and / or on the other by internally arranged additional transverse walls (not shown) reachable. Because the cross-section of these stand-alone honeycomb pressure transducer
  • each pressure transducer 510 likewise preferably has rod-like deflecting means 510/1 arranged peripherally, which stabilize and reinforce the honeycomb cell edge as described above, so that the proportionate forces can be transmitted.
  • honeycomb form used here only as an example is square, but may have any other, even a honeycomb shape.
  • a tensile force-transfer element mat 30/1 and 30/2 here, for example, from two individual filaments per honeycomb cell row and column crossed from edge to edge of the wall 107 crossed.
  • fasteners 107/301 are designed in the form of Einschiitzungen, in which the respective tensile force transmission element is inserted laterally and supported on the outer surface of the wall 107.
  • the crossed arrangement of the traction transfer mats 30/1 and 30/2 load the honeycomb cells more uniformly on all four diverting means so that they can realize their advantages of a lightweight high strength construction.
  • FIG. 31 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 30, an unbalanced rimless connection of two spacer arrangements 10/1 and 10/2 being also shown here.
  • the spacer assemblies 10/1 and 10/2 are preferably arranged at their edges with a predetermined gap f, the simple maintenance of which can be ensured by means of at least one elastic spacer gasket 106/6, 107/6.
  • the gap serves to compensate for unavoidable differential thermal expansion on the hot and cold sides of the connected spacer assemblies.
  • at least one of the centering members 106/7, 107/7 may be fixedly disposed on each one of the involved edges and disposed engagingly beneath the opposite edge. This ensures that both spacer assemblies 10/1 and 10/2 remain joined together without grading.
  • a cross-border applied gas-tight barrier 106/10 and 107/10 is arranged, the above the gap f due to the pressure difference on a small Train can form stressed indentation, if it is formed of a flexible film.
  • the respective gastight barrier 106/10 and 107/10 may be composed of individual sections (not shown) in any of the known ways, e.g. by welding, gluing, soldering.
  • the pressure transducer distance d is a structurally specifiable parameter that links the surface load with the load capacity of the honeycomb structures.
  • the illustrated embodiment provides opportunities for further thermal performance increase in performance of the spacer assembly according to the invention under economic aspects.
  • Figure 32 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another
  • Spacer assembly spaced from corrugated plates.
  • a further spacer assembly 10/2 is arranged, which forms, for example, a connection wall or a window frame for the double glass pane 10/1.
  • the respective equilateral walls of both spacer assemblies 10/1 and 10/2 are interconnected gas-tight at their edges.
  • a metal strip 106/12, 106/21, 107/12 be welded, soldered, chemically bonded or glued edge circulating arranged.
  • the metal strips 106/12, 106/21 are then easier to connect to each other, for example by ultrasonic friction welding.
  • a one-piece connection with a metal strip 107/12 is realized, which is arranged gas-tight directly to the respective edge of both walls 107/1 and 107/2.
  • Centering arranged 106/7 and 107/7 are not connected to each other and to a respective cold side or hot side
  • Wall firmly arranged. It does not matter whether they are fixed to the glass panes 106/1, 107/1 or to the walls 106/2, 107/2. They serve to engage in the assembly in the open edge of the other spacer assembly.
  • a spacer gasket 106/6, 107/6 can be arranged in each case. She can take up
  • Spacer assembly 10/2 here by way of example the inner wall 107/2 is a
  • Angle element 107/21 arranged, with which the weight of the inner wall or glass pane 107/1 is intercepted and at the same time the open edge side of the arranged below spacer assembly 10/2 is closed.
  • the angle element 107/21 also absorbs the pressure differential forces, which account for part of its outwardly facing surface, when the cavity formed in the interior of both spacers 10/1 and 10/2 is evacuated.
  • the angle element 107/21 is gas-tightly connected to the inner wall 107/2, for example by a weld. Another technique is used for sealing the glass sheet 107/1: a metal strip
  • Connecting element 107/12 is preferably factory-mounted on the edge of the glass inside or as here outside tightly.
  • known welding for this purpose, known welding,
  • spaced evacuable double tubes are gas-tight, as well as an equilateral connection of double tube and double wall are created.
  • the described assembly can at the installation, bsw. a building or housing of a moving means are executed.
  • the coherent overall cavity 121 can then according to the invention be evacuated and / or vented from at least one common connection point.
  • a cover or decorative strip 106/4 is preferably attached by adhesive bonding along the seam.
  • the equilateral rimless connection is a much better alternative to forming individual enclosed VIP panels that always have a marginal heat transfer problem. Practically, it means that arbitrarily shaped and expanded double-walled evacuatable objects can be produced, which are connected over long distances borderless equilateral and therefore only a very small residual
  • Micro-spacing has. Although this has inferior thermal insulation values, however, the thermal bridge problem is eliminated by the rimless connection according to the invention with adjacent Z-VlP panels according to the invention, so that overall a significantly improved thermal insulation is achieved.
  • FIG. 33 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the spacer arrangement 10 according to the invention.
  • integrally produced profiles are preferably used, which represents an integrated arrangement of in each case one wall 106, 107 and the integral pressure transducer 200i, 201i integrally formed on it.
  • the profiles can be produced with high precision preferably by casting, more preferably by extrusion of plastics, glass or metals. Ceramics can also be produced this way. It applies to everything described in Figure 8.
  • the pressure transducers 200i, 201i may have integrally formed graduations 200/5, 201/5, and form a preferably circular turnaround that are appropriately curved for respective fibers or sheets used.
  • the walls 106 may be additionally designed stiffer, so that their thickness is reduced and thereby weight and material is saved.
  • the angle of inclination ⁇ of the tensile force-transmission element mat 30 can be predefined constructively.
  • a counterfastener or comb strip 301 is similar to others
  • Embodiments applied deflected around the edge edge of the wall 106 and anchored in a precisely positioned fastener.
  • the extrusion process allows very economical production of flat or 2-dimensionally curved plates.
  • a three-dimensional shape of the walls with integrated pressure transducers can be produced according to the invention, for example, by pressing a still plastically deformable extruded, initially flat plate part onto a molding surface.
  • curved surfaces please note that the respective
  • Pressure transducer spacing di the pressure transducer of the outer and inner wall must be specified differently by different inner and outer radii of curvature.
  • the denser the individual fibers of a tensile force-transfer element mat 30 are arranged spaced apart with fiber spacing b 30 , the less proportionate contact forces they exert on the Umlenkrunditch 200/1, 201/1 of the pressure transducer 200, 201, so that the material of the pressure transducer may be softer without having to use harder additional pressure distributors 201/7.
  • the profiles according to the invention can also be assembled non-positively in place of one-piece extrusion.
  • a sheet or sheet material are strip-shaped in a plurality of supplied pressure transducer 200i, 201 i stamped at predetermined intervals, glued, soldered or more preferably welded thermoplastic.
  • the sheet material and strip-shaped pressure transducer can be endlessly assembled and cut to length via a rolling mill.
  • pressure transducers can previously be produced from plastic in an extrusion process. This allows the greatest flexibility in the selection and composition of various sheet and pressure transducer materials and dimensions, without having to have a separate extrusion tool for each design.
  • FIG. 34 shows a perspective view of a winding device 36 according to the invention for producing a closed traction transfer element mat 30 with two rollers 36/1, 36/2 aligned in parallel with one another
  • predetermined length dimension L 36 are arranged spaced.
  • the length dimension L 36 is preferably variable predefinable or changeable, thereby to produce different sized closed trained traction transfer mats 30 and also after completion by reducing the length dimension L 36, the finished tensile force transfer element mat 30 can easily remove ,
  • the tensile force-transfer element mat 30 is preferably endlessly wound up in a hose-like manner, but wound uninterruptedly in sections, endlessly with a thread / fiber or filament, whereby no joints, except at a respective fiber end, weaken the tensile strength and cause additional expenditure.
  • Weft threads 300/3 are arranged along the pressure transducer 200i, 201 i, they do not contribute to increase the heat conduction and are thus harmless thermal insulation. However, if they are carried out at angles of inclination, they also transfer heat to them.
  • a tensile force transfer element mat 30 can be made from a foil or foil tape or web, with the edges then being welded or glued.
  • FIG. 35 shows a cross-sectional view of a further preferred embodiment with closed walls 106, 107, which in this case represent a tube or a vessel 10.
  • outer and inner walls 106 and 107 are corrugated or corrugated as shown in Figure 23, 26 into each other with wave increases and recesses spaced engagement formed. It may, for example, sheet metal parts, deep-drawn or plastic extrusion or similar.
  • a tubular tensile force transfer element mat 30 is arranged from Figure 34, wherein it is dimensioned so that an intended spacing is formed.
  • the outer wall 106 may be oversized prior to assembly so as to be slidable onto the inner wall 107 with the traction transfer mat 30 therearound. After this postponement, the outer wall 106 can be uniformly pressed from the outside against the tensile force-transmitting element mat 30 or by the result of
  • the tensile force-transmitting element mat 30 can both rest completely free on the pressure transducers 200i, 201i or, alternatively, be fixed at least in sections, e.g. by gluing or welding.
  • the walls 106, 107 may also be any other than circular
  • FIG. 36 shows a cross-sectional view of another preferred embodiment with infrared reflectors 203/1, 203/3.
  • the individual infrared shield 203/1 is preferably designed as an insert, which is held in the retaining grooves 203/4 of the pressure transducer. Bonding or clamping would be further possibilities for attachment.
  • the infrared shield 203/1 is spaced from the surface of the pressure transducer 201 and 202 at spacers 203/2. These spacers may, for example, be formed by surface formations or, for example, be a honeycomb structure.
  • the infrared shield 203/1, 203/3 is preferably formed from a metal foil or a metallized plastic film and preferably has a mirror surface in both directions. As a result, altogether 6 reflection surfaces result between the vertical lateral surfaces of adjacently arranged pressure transducers.
  • the infrared shield 203/1 is formed of a plastic transparent to infrared rays such as cellophane or other plastic, only one side needs to be metallically coated and yet a reflection mirror is formed on each side.
  • the pressure transducers must be formed laterally recessed. Only in the vertical direction lead the additional reflector shields to shorten the elementary Wermaschinen.
  • the reflector shields may have additional perforation to resist evacuation.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble entretoise d'écartement par force de traction (10) comprenant au moins un élément de transmission (300) de force de traction sollicité par une contrainte de traction et au moins deux absorbeurs de pression de parois exerçant mutuellement une force opposée, lesdits absorbeurs de pression étant opposés, faisant saillie, s'imbriquant, reliés par l'élément de transmission de force de traction (300) et espacés de manière isolante en termes de transmission de chaleur. Chaque paroi (106, 107) est respectivement dotée d'une barrière étanche au gaz, et la conductivité thermique dudit au moins un élément de transmission de force de traction est réduite par une réduction de sa section transversale jusqu'à la valeur limite de résistance à la traction dotée de tolérances de sécurité prédéterminées du matériau utilisé, et au moins un absorbeur de pression (200) isolé, sur lequel s'appliquent de manière symétrique au moins deux éléments de transmission de force de traction, est soumis de manière symétrique aux deux forces partielles agissant proportionnellement de telle façon que les couples de renversement respectivement produits s'annulent mutuellement. Et l'élément de transmission de force de traction isolé est réalisé d'un seul tenant au moins dans un ensemble élémentaire (10), de telle façon qu'au moins l'absorbeur de pression (200) moyen isolé central soit utilisé par l'élément de transmission de force de pression réalisé d'un seul tenant de façon continue comme un moyen de renvoi, auquel s'engrène l'élément de transmission de force de traction réalisé d'un seul tenant par transmission d'une force de pression.
PCT/DE2010/075113 2009-10-30 2010-10-30 Ensemble entretoise d'écartement par force de traction, procédé de production et application WO2011050800A2 (fr)

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DE102012003456A1 (de) * 2012-02-22 2013-08-22 Pierre Meyers Behälter mit Aktiv-Kohlefilter
CN109537749A (zh) * 2018-02-12 2019-03-29 周印涛 一种装配式预制保温墙体及其保温板
EP3879040A1 (fr) * 2020-03-08 2021-09-15 Bruno Chavanne Panneau porteur isolant pour coque sous vide démontable
CN114727595A (zh) * 2019-12-03 2022-07-08 阿西姆普托特有限公司 用于将容器绝缘的塞子以及冷却方法
EP3936324B1 (fr) * 2020-07-10 2023-05-10 V21 GmbH Élément isolant thermique sous vide
EP4245937A1 (fr) 2022-03-13 2023-09-20 Bruno Chavanne Cage de cerclage d'une coque sous vide de bâtiment
DE102022003196A1 (de) 2022-09-01 2024-03-07 Kay Itzigehl Vakuumisolationspaneel VIP
US12122130B2 (en) 2020-07-10 2024-10-22 V21 Gmbh Thermal vacuum insulation element

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DE19834379C2 (de) 1998-07-30 2001-03-08 Dieter Braun Wandelement
US20070286981A1 (en) 2006-03-15 2007-12-13 Alan Feinerman Vacuum insulation panel

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AU3967197A (en) * 1996-07-08 1998-02-02 Oceaneering Space Systems, A Division Of Oceaneering International, Inc. Insulation panel
DE10119037C2 (de) * 2001-04-18 2003-06-26 Dieter Braun Gekrümmtes Isolierelement
WO2007074503A1 (fr) * 2005-12-26 2007-07-05 Yoshihiro Shiotani Panneau sous vide

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US5271980A (en) 1991-07-19 1993-12-21 Bell Dennis J Flexible evacuated insulating panel
US5792539A (en) 1996-07-08 1998-08-11 Oceaneering International, Inc. Insulation barrier
DE19834379C2 (de) 1998-07-30 2001-03-08 Dieter Braun Wandelement
US20070286981A1 (en) 2006-03-15 2007-12-13 Alan Feinerman Vacuum insulation panel

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012003456A1 (de) * 2012-02-22 2013-08-22 Pierre Meyers Behälter mit Aktiv-Kohlefilter
DE102012003456B4 (de) * 2012-02-22 2013-10-31 Pierre Meyers Behälter mit Aktiv-Kohlefilter
CN109537749A (zh) * 2018-02-12 2019-03-29 周印涛 一种装配式预制保温墙体及其保温板
CN114727595A (zh) * 2019-12-03 2022-07-08 阿西姆普托特有限公司 用于将容器绝缘的塞子以及冷却方法
CN114727595B (zh) * 2019-12-03 2024-03-26 阿西姆普托特有限公司 用于将容器绝缘的塞子以及冷却方法
EP3879040A1 (fr) * 2020-03-08 2021-09-15 Bruno Chavanne Panneau porteur isolant pour coque sous vide démontable
WO2021180373A1 (fr) * 2020-03-08 2021-09-16 Bruno Chavanne Panneau porteur isolant pour coque sous vide démontable
EP3936324B1 (fr) * 2020-07-10 2023-05-10 V21 GmbH Élément isolant thermique sous vide
US12122130B2 (en) 2020-07-10 2024-10-22 V21 Gmbh Thermal vacuum insulation element
EP4245937A1 (fr) 2022-03-13 2023-09-20 Bruno Chavanne Cage de cerclage d'une coque sous vide de bâtiment
DE102022003196A1 (de) 2022-09-01 2024-03-07 Kay Itzigehl Vakuumisolationspaneel VIP

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WO2011050800A3 (fr) 2011-07-21

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