WO2011047529A1 - 黄酮苷类化合物在制备治疗疟疾的药物中应用 - Google Patents

黄酮苷类化合物在制备治疗疟疾的药物中应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011047529A1
WO2011047529A1 PCT/CN2010/001403 CN2010001403W WO2011047529A1 WO 2011047529 A1 WO2011047529 A1 WO 2011047529A1 CN 2010001403 W CN2010001403 W CN 2010001403W WO 2011047529 A1 WO2011047529 A1 WO 2011047529A1
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flavonoid glycoside
treating malaria
malaria
pharmaceutical composition
falcipain
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French (fr)
Inventor
张卫东
黄瑾
单磊
李洪林
王立言
张寿德
卢伟强
苏娟
陈瞳
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East China University of Science and Technology
Second Military Medical University SMMU
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East China University of Science and Technology
Second Military Medical University SMMU
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7048Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/02Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
    • A61P33/06Antimalarials
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a medicament, in particular to a flavonoid glycoside compound for use in the preparation of a medicament for treating malaria, in particular to a medicament for preparing a flavonoid glycoside compound for treating malaria caused by malaria parasite.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Malaria is the most frequent parasitic disease occurring on the earth and is a potentially fatal disease transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. There are around 500 million cases of malaria worldwide each year, resulting in more than 1 million deaths, most of which occur in Africa. According to the World Health Organization, malaria kills an average of 5 children under the age of 30 every 30 seconds. Usually, malaria is caused by Plasmodium.
  • the Plasmodium After the female Anopheles mosquitoes with Plasmodium bite the human body, the Plasmodium is injected into the human body. After 10 to 20 days, typical malaria clinical symptoms can occur, which can be divided into four phases: chilling period, fever Period, sweating period and intermittent period. After recurrent episodes of malaria, the patient will have anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and even dangerous symptoms such as brain type, super high fever type, cold type and gastrointestinal type, which will seriously endanger life. As the resistance of existing antimalarial drugs continues to increase, the incidence of malaria is increasing, and the invention of antimalarial drugs with novel therapeutic effects is urgently needed.
  • the intraerythrocytic phase of Plasmodium hydrolyzes the host's hemoglobin in its acidic food bubbles to obtain the energy and amino acids required for its own life.
  • Biological studies have shown that a series of hydrolases, such as plasmepsins, falcipains, and metalloproteinases (falcilysins), are contained in the food bubbles of Plasmodium. These enzymes have become potential targets for malaria chemotherapy.
  • the cysteine protease is a protein having a molecular weight of about 21,000 to 30,000, and has the highest hydrolysis activity at pH 4-6. 5 and has a cysteine residue at its active site.
  • the cysteine protease of Plasmodium belongs to the papain family.
  • Plasmodium cysteine protease has four subtypes, falcipain-1 (Plasmodium cysteine protease-1), falcipain-2A (Plasmodium cysteine protease-2A), falcipain-2B ( Plasmodium cysteine protease-2B), falcipain-3 (Plasmodium cysteine protease-3).
  • Falcipain' 1 is the first expressed cysteine protease of Plasmodium. Biological studies have shown that it has no effect on the asexual reproduction stage of Plasmodium, but can significantly affect the function of oocysts.
  • Falcipain-2A falcipain_2B has 97% homology, only 7th in the amino acid sequence It is different. Monitoring of oligonucleotide probes revealed that falcipain-2B mRNA was expressed at a lower level than falcipain-2A. However, the time-dependent and peak expression of falcipain_2A and falcipain_2B in the late stage of Plasmodium vegetatives is very similar, indicating that the two different subtypes have similar biological functions. Falcipain-3 has 66.6 % homology with falcipain-2 in the catalytic domain, but the stages of their expression differ. Falcipain-2 reached its peak in the vegetative phase, while falcipain-3 peaked in the more mature Plasmodium stage. Among these subtypes, falcipain-2 has the most research, so the development of its inhibitors has received more extensive attention.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies, and to design a compound having anti-malising activity from the flavonoids of traditional Chinese medicine.
  • the invention provides a flavonoid glycoside compound for use in the preparation of a medicament for treating malaria.
  • R 2 is a coumarin group, a transcoumarin group, a caffeoyl group or a hydrogen.
  • the flavonoids are: Stenopalustroside A, Stenopalustroside D, silver glucoside, kaempferol 3-0-e _ (6, , - caffeoyl glucopyranoside) or kaempferol 3- (2,4-di- Ep-coumaroyl rhamnoside).
  • the binding activity assay of the flavonoid glycoside and Falcipain-2 protease of the present invention proves that the silver glucoside and the FP-2 protein have obvious binding, and the results show that the five flavonoid glycosides inhibit the falcipain-2 enzyme.
  • the effects have good anti-Plasmodium activity in vitro. These five compounds are shown to have anti-malarial effects and can be used in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of malaria.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for treating malaria caused by Plasmodium using the flavonoid glycoside compound as an active ingredient.
  • compositions of the present invention comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a flavonoid as an active ingredient, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
  • the content of the active ingredient in the pharmaceutical composition is the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier means a conventional pharmaceutical carrier in the pharmaceutical field, for example: a diluent, an excipient such as water, carboxymethylcellulose, etc.; a filler such as starch, Sucrose or the like; a binder such as gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone; a wetting agent such as glycerin; a disintegrating agent such as calcium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate; an absorption enhancer such as a quaternary ammonium compound; a surfactant such as hexadecanol; For example, glutinous earth and soap clay; lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate, polyethylene glycol, etc., and other adjuvants such as flavoring agents, sweeteners and the like may also be added to the composition.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be administered to a patient in need of such treatment by oral, nasal inhalation, rectal or parenteral administration in the form of a composition.
  • a composition When used orally, it can be prepared into a conventional solid preparation such as a tablet, granule, capsule, etc. or into a liquid preparation such as water or oil suspension, syrup, etc.; when used for parenteral administration, it can be prepared.
  • a solution for injection, water or oily suspension, and the like Into a solution for injection, water or oily suspension, and the like.
  • compositions of the present invention can be prepared according to conventional methods of manufacture in the pharmaceutical arts.
  • the active ingredient is mixed with one or more carriers which are then brought into the preparations required.
  • FIG. 1 is a sensorgram of the interaction between a positive control and FP-2 protein.
  • Fig. 2 Sensing diagram of the interaction of silver glucoside with FP-2 proteinFig. 1 and Fig. 2 are graphs showing the kinetics of the binding of the compound to FP-2, wherein the concentration of the compound represented by the top line from top to bottom is 1 X. 10- 5 M, 5 X 10- 6 M, 2. 5 x 10- 6 M, 1. 25 ⁇ 10 " ⁇ M, 6. 25 X 10- 7 M, 3. 125 x 10- 7 M and 0.
  • the fractions with the same single spot were combined and concentrated to obtain a fraction of 1-10.
  • the first fraction was purified by further silica gel chromatography to obtain a yellow amorphous powder.
  • the structure was identified as Stenopalustroside D, a total of 58 mg, and the second stream was divided. Further purification by silica gel chromatography gave another yellow amorphous powder.
  • the structure was identified as Stenopalustroside A, a total of 76 mg.
  • Stenopalustroside .D The structure of Stenopalustroside .D is as follows:
  • Example 2 Preparation of silver glucoside 5 kg of dried hollyhock flower was taken and refluxed twice with 90% ethanol for 2 h, then extracted with ⁇ 50% ethanol reflux twice for 1 h each time. The extracts were combined, concentrated under reduced pressure, and the extract was added with an appropriate amount of water, and extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, respectively.
  • Example 3 Preparation of kaempferol 3-0-(6', -caffeoglucopyranoside) 10 kg of the aerial part of the dried Vietnamese fir was pulverized into a coarse powder, and extracted twice with 150 L of 75% ethanol, 3 times each time. The extracts were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to a 15 L thick extract. The extract was diluted with 8 L of water and extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, respectively, and the extracted fractions were separately concentrated to form an extract.
  • fractions 1-6 wherein the fifth fraction was concentrated and dried to obtain a yellow amorphous powder, and the structure was identified as kaempferol 3- (2, 4-di-Ep-fragrance Beanyl rhamnoside), 38mg total.
  • Falcipain-2 protease to scutellarin were based on the principle of SPR (Surface Plasma Resonance) using the instrument Biacore 3000 (Biacore AB, Uppsala, Sweden).
  • pQE30-Fal2 Primers were designed based on the sequence of Falcipain-2 cDNA, and the forward and reverse primers were 5, CGTGGATCCCAAATGAATTATGAAG3 ' and 5' ATATGTCGACTTATTCAATTAATGGAATG3 ', including I and SaJ J restriction sites.
  • the Falcipain-2 fragment was amplified by PCR, and the digested PCR product and the expression vector pQE30 were ligated and identified correctly, and transformed into E. coli M15 (Qiagen) for expression.
  • IPTG IPTG was added to a final concentration of 0.5 mM, and the temperature was lowered to 25 ° C for 12 hours to induce protein expression.
  • the cells were collected at 4000 rpm/separation for 30 minutes, collected, and stored in an ultra-low temperature freezer at -80 °C overnight.
  • the cells were suspended with 20 mL of buffer 1 (20 mM Tris-Cl, 0.5 M NaCl, and 10 raM imidazole, pH 8.0), and the suspension was ultrasonically disrupted on an ice bath (300 W, work 30).
  • the FP-2 protein was diluted with 10 mM sodium acetate, pH 4.2, to a final concentration of 69 ⁇ g/ml, and injected at a flow rate of 5 ⁇ L/min. Finally, 1 M hydrochloric acid ethanolamine and P H 8. 5 were injected at a flow rate of 5 ⁇ L/min for 7 minutes to block the surface of the chip, and the final FP-2 protein coupling amount was about 9300 RU.
  • Compound screening substrate Z-Phe-Arg-pNA HC1 (Bachem AG) was used as a positive control.
  • the silver glucoside (prepared in Example 2) was dissolved in 100% DMSO with a mother liquor concentration of 10 raM.
  • the compound was diluted with HBS-EP buffer to a final concentration of 1 ⁇ and 10 ⁇ , and the final concentration of DMS0 was 0.1%.
  • RU Response Unit
  • Test results Table 1 Test results of the positive control and the binding constant of scutellarin and FP-2 protein.
  • FP-2 protein final concentration 10 g/ml
  • a solution of the test compound prepared in Example 1-4
  • DMS0 a solution of the test compound dissolved in DMS0 were added to a buffer system of 197 ⁇ M of 100 mM NaOAc, 10 mM DTT, pH 5. 5, Stenopalustroside A, Stenopalustroside D.
  • Antimalarial activity can be determined by measuring Plasmodium LDH activity (Jain, M.; Khan, S. I.; Tekwani, B. L.; Jacob, M. R.; Singh, S.; Singh, P. P.; Jain, R. Synthesis, antimalarial,
  • LDH activity was measured using MalstatTM reagent (Flow Inc., Portland, OR) using the procedure of Makler and Hinrichs (MT Makler and DJ Hinrichs, Measurement of the lactate dehydrogenase activity of Plasmodium falciparum as an assessment of parasitemia. J. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1993, 48(2): 205-210). Mix the 20-bred mixture with 100 ⁇ L of hemalstatTM reagent. Incubate for 30 minutes at room temperature. Then add 20 ⁇ l of a mixture of NBT/PES (NBT/PES ratio of 1:1) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and incubate for 1 hour under dark conditions.
  • NBT/PES NBT/PES ratio of 1:1
  • Model Mouse model of Plasmodium berghei infection (chloroquine-sensitive strain)
  • Chloroquine (diphosphate) is formulated to a desired concentration of 10 mg/kg in physiological water ; after the compound to be evaluated is completely dissolved in less than 10% ethanol, it is mixed with corn oil to prepare a desired concentration, and administered intraperitoneally.
  • the intraperitoneal injection of the compound Stenopalustroside D (prepared in Example 1) and the silver glucoside (prepared in Example 2) showed significant in vivo malaria removal activity with an optimal therapeutic dose of 50 mg/kg and a maximum worm reduction rate of approximately 64%.
  • Other compounds have a certain in vivo malaria activity, and the maximum worm reduction rate is between 30% and 60%.
  • Chloroquine 10 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100

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Description

黄酮苷类化合物在制备治疗疟疾的药物中应用
技术领域
本发明涉及药物, 具体涉一种黄酮苷类化合物在制备治疗疟疾的药物中应 用, 尤其是一种黄酮苷类化合物在制备治疗由疟原虫引起的疟疾的药物中应用。 背景技术 疟疾是地球上发生最频繁的寄生虫病,是由按蚊进行传播、具有潜在致命危 险的疾病。每年全球有 5亿左右的疟疾病例, 导致超过 100万人死亡, 绝大部分 发生在非洲。 世界卫生组织指出, 疟疾平均每 30秒杀死一个 5岁以下的儿童。 通常,疟疾由疟原虫引起,带有疟原虫的雌按蚊叮咬人体后,将疟原虫注入人体, 经 10〜20天会发生典型的疟疾临床症状, 可分为四期: 发冷期、 发热期、 出汗 期和间歇期。 疟疾的反复发作后, 病人会出现贫血、 肝脾肿大, 甚至出现脑型、 超高热型、厥冷型和胃肠型等凶险症状, 严重的会危及生命。 由于现有抗疟药物 的耐药性不断增加,疟疾的发病率日益增加,亟待具有新型治疗作用的抗疟药物 的发明。 红细胞内期的疟原虫在其酸性食物泡内水解宿主的血红蛋白以获得自身生 命所需的能量和氨基酸。生物学研究表明,在疟原虫的食物泡内包涵一系列的水 解酶, 如天冬氨酸蛋白酶 (plasmepsins) , 半胱氨酸蛋白酶 (falcipains) , 和 金属蛋白酶 (falcilysins)。 这些酶已成为疟疾化学治疗的潜在靶标。 半胱氨酸蛋白酶是分子量约为 21000-30000的蛋白质, 在 pH 4-6. 5时具有 最高水解活性,它的活性部位具有半胱氨酸残基。疟原虫的半胱氨酸蛋白酶属于 木瓜蛋白酶家族。 已知的疟原虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶有四个亚型, falcipain-1 (疟 原虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶 -1 ), falcipain- 2A (疟原虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶 -2A ) , falcipain-2B (疟原虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶 -2B), falcipain-3 (疟原虫半胱氨酸蛋 白酶 -3)。 其中, Falcipain' 1 是第一个表达得到的疟原虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶, 生 物学研究表明,它对疟原虫的无性生殖阶段并无影响,但能显著的影响卵囊的功 能。 Falcipain-2A, falcipain_2B具有 97 %的同源性, 仅在氨基酸序列的 7位 有所不同。 通过寡核苷酸探针的监测发现, falcipain- 2B mRNA 的表达水平比 falcipain-2A低。 然而 falcipain_2A和 falcipain_2B在疟原虫营养体晚期其 表达的时间依赖性和峰值极为相似,这表明两种不同的亚型具有相似的生物学功 能。 Falcipain- 3与 falcipain-2在催化域有 66. 6 %的同源性, 但是它们表达的 阶段有所不同。 Falcipain-2在营养体阶段表达达到最高峰, 而 falcipain- 3在 更为成熟的疟原虫阶段表达达到高峰。在这几种亚型中,对于 falcipain-2的研 究最多, 因此其抑制剂的开发亦受到更为广泛的关注。
中医中药治疗疟疾已有很长的历史, 如在《素问 *刺虐论》 中就提出了用针 灸预防治疗疟疾, 在中草药方面, 除了闻名世界的青蒿外, 威灵仙、水蜈蚣、鸦 胆子、 常山、 鹅不食草、槟榔、翻白草、石龙芮等也在民间用来治疗疟疾。 从中 药青蒿中发现的活性化合物青蒿素用于治疗疟疾取得了很好的效果,广泛用于临 床,为中草药治疗疟疾开辟了一条新的道路。本发明人通过多年的基础研究积累 了 2000多种, 并建立了天然产物库,通过对库中化合物进行筛选, 发现了抗疟作 用的黄酮类化合物。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服上述不足之处, 从中药黄酮类化合物中 研究设计具有抗虐活性的化合物。
本发明提供了一种黄酮苷类化合物在制备治疗疟疾的药物中应用。
一种:
Figure imgf000004_0001
式中 为香豆酰基、反式香豆酰基或咖啡酰基; R2为香豆酰基、反式香豆酰基、 咖啡酰基或为氢。 这两类黄酮苷类化合物分布在植物界的许多种植物中, 可以从植物中分离得 到, 也可以用化学合成的方式获得。
所述的黄酮类化合物为: Stenopalustroside A、 Stenopalustroside D、 银 椴苷、山奈酚 3-0- e _ (6, , -咖啡酰基葡萄吡喃糖苷)或山奈酚 3- (2,4-di- E-p- 香豆酰基鼠李糖苷)。
本发明所述的黄酮类化合物银椴苷与 Falcipain-2蛋白酶结合活性测定结果 证明银椴苷与 FP- 2蛋白有明显的结合, 结果显示 5个黄酮苷类化合物对 falcipain-2酶均具有抑制作用,均有较好的体外抗疟原虫活性。显示这 5个化合 物具有抗疟疾作用, 可用于制备治疗疟疾的药物组合物。
本发明另一目的是提供一种以所述黄酮苷类化合物为活性成分, 用于治疗由 疟原虫引起的疟疾的药物组合物。
本发明所述的药^组合物含有治疗有效量的黄酮类化合物为活性成分, 以及 含有一种或多种药学上可接受的载体。 其中活性成分在药物组合物中的含量为 所述药学上可接受的载体是指药学领域常规的药物载体, 例如: 稀释剂、 赋 形剂如水、羧甲基纤维素等; 填充剂如淀粉、蔗糖等; 粘合剂如明胶、聚乙烯吡 咯垸酮;湿润剂如甘油;崩解剂如碳酸钙、碳酸氢钠;吸收促进剂如季铵化合物; 表面活性剂如十六垸醇; 吸附载体如髙岭土和皂粘土; 润滑剂如滑石粉、硬脂酸 钙、 聚乙二醇等、 另外还可以在组合物中加入其它辅剂如香味剂、 甜味剂等。
本发明化合物可以组合物的形式通过口服、 鼻吸入、 直肠或肠胃外给药的方 式施用于需要这种治疗的患者。用于口服时,可将其制成常规的固体制剂如片剂、 颗粒剂、胶囊剂等或制成液体制剂如水或油悬浮剂、糖浆等;用于肠胃外给药时, 可将其制成注射用的溶液、 水或油性悬浮剂等。
本发明药物组合物的各种剂型可以按照药学领域的常规生产方法制备。 例如 使活性成分与一种或多种载体混合, 然后将其制成所需的剂型。
附图说明 图 1阳性对照与 FP-2蛋白相互作用的传感图 图 2银椴苷与 FP-2蛋白相互作用的传感图 图 1和图 2表示化合物与 FP-2结合的动力学曲线图, 其中各条线由上到下 代表的化合物浓度依次为 1 X 10—5 M、 5 X 10— 6 M、 2. 5 x 10— 6 M、 1. 25 χ 10"β M、 6. 25 X 10— 7 M、 3. 125 x 10— 7 M和 0。
具体实施方式 实施例 1 : Stenopalustroside A、 D的制备
长苞冷杉干燥的地上部分 22kg粉碎成粗粉, 用 200L的 80%乙醇回流提取 3次, 每次 3小时, 合并提取液, 减压浓縮成 25L稠浸膏。 浸膏加 10L水稀释后分别以氯 仿、 乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次萃取, 收集各萃取部分, 分别浓缩成浸膏。其中乙酸 乙酯萃取部分的浸膏 300g, 以甲醇溶解过滤后进行硅胶柱色谱, 以氯仿-甲醇梯 度洗脱(10 : 1〜1 : 10V/V), 用薄层色谱检査洗脱流分, 具有相同单一斑点的流分 合并, 浓缩, 得流分 1-10, 其中第 1流分经进一步硅胶色谱纯化, 得到黄色无定 形粉末, 结构鉴定为 Stenopalustroside D, 共 58mg, 第 2流分经进一步硅胶色谱 纯化, 得到另一个黄色无定形粉末, 结构鉴定为 Stenopalustroside A, 共 76mg。
Figure imgf000006_0001
Stenopalustroside .D的结构如下:
Figure imgf000007_0001
实施例 2: 银椴苷的制备 取干燥蜀葵花 5 kg, 用 90% 乙醇回流提取 2次, 每次 2 h, 然后甩 50%乙醇回流 提取 2次, 每次 l h。 提取液合并, 减压浓缩, 浸膏加适量水, 分别用石油醚、 氯 仿、 醋酸乙酯、 正丁醇依次萃取。 醋酸乙酯萃取部分 50g经硅胶柱色谱分离, 氯 仿一甲醇(1 : 1〜1: 5V/V) 系统梯度洗脱, 反复常压及减压硅胶柱色谱分离, 凝胶 Sephadex LH— 20柱纯化, 得到 8个流分, 其中第 2流分浓縮干燥后为成黄色 粉末状, 经结构鉴定为银椴苷, 共 53mg。
Figure imgf000007_0002
实施例 3: 山奈酚 3-0- (6' , -咖啡酰基葡萄吡喃糖苷) 的制备 西藏冷杉干燥的地上部分 10kg粉碎成粗粉, 用 150L的 75%乙醇回流提取 2次, 每次 3小时, 合并提取液, 减压浓缩成 15L稠浸膏。浸膏加 8L水稀释后分别以石油 醚、氯仿、 乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次萃取, 收集各萃取部分分别浓缩成浸膏。其中 氯仿萃取部分的浸膏 163g,以甲醇溶解过滤后进行硅胶柱色谱,以氯仿 -甲醇(1 : 1〜1: 5V/V)梯度洗脱, 用薄层色谱检査洗脱流分, 具有相同单一斑点的流分合 并, 浓縮, 得流分 1-14, 其中第 8流分经进一步硅胶色谱纯化, 得到黄色无定形 粉末, 结构鉴定为山奈酚 3-0" β - (6' , -咖啡酰基葡萄吡喃糖苷), 共 86mg。
-0~ β - (6' , -咖啡酰基葡萄吡喃糖苷) 的结构式如下:
Figure imgf000008_0001
实施例 4: 山奈酚 3- (2, 4-di-E-p-香豆酰基鼠李糖苷)
西藏冷杉干燥的地上部分 10kg粉碎成粗粉, 用 150L的 75%乙醇回流提取 2次, 每次 3小时, 合并提取液,减压浓缩成 15L稠浸膏。浸膏加 8L水稀释后分别以石油 醚、氯仿、 乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取, 收集各萃取部分并浓缩成浸膏。其中乙酸乙 酯萃取部分的浸膏 109g, 以甲醇溶解过滤后进行硅胶柱色谱, 以氯仿 -甲醇(1 : 1〜1: 10V/V)梯度洗脱, 用薄层色谱检査洗脱流分, 具有相同单一斑点的流分 合并, 浓缩, 得流分 1-6, 其中第 5流分浓缩干燥后得到黄色无定形粉末, 结构鉴 定为山奈酚 3- (2, 4-di-E-p-香豆酰基鼠李糖苷), 共 38mg。
- (2, 4-di-E-p-香豆酰基鼠李糖苷) 的结构式如下:
Figure imgf000008_0002
实施例 5 本发明化合物银椴苷与 Falcipain-2蛋白酶结合活性测定:
Falcipain-2蛋白酶与银椴苷结合活性的筛选和动力学常数的测定基于 SPR (表面等离子共振) 原理, 使用的仪器是 Biacore 3000 (Biacore AB, Uppsala, Sweden)。 (1) Falcipain- 2质粒 (pQE30-Fal2) 的构建 根据 Falcipain- 2 cDNA 序列设计引物, 正向和反向引物分别为 5, CGTGGATCCCAAATGAATTATGAAG3 ' 和 5' ATATGTCGACTTATTCAATTAATGGAATG3 ' , 包含 I和 SaJ J酶切位点, 通过 PCR扩增 Falcipain-2片段,将酶切后的 PCR产物和表达载体 pQE30连接后鉴定 正确, 转化入大肠杆菌 M15 (Qiagen)进行表达。
(2) Falcipain-2 (FP-2)蛋白的表达与纯化 将构建好的质粒 PQE30-Fal2转入大肠杆菌 M15中得到表达工程菌, 将工程 菌培养于含 100 μg/mL·氨苄青霉素和 50 g/mL卡那霉素的 10 mL LB培养基中 培养过夜 (蛋白胨 10 g/L, 酵母提取物 5 g/L, 氯化钠 10 g/L)。 然后按 1 : 100 转接入 1 L含氨苄青霉素和卡那霉素的新鲜 LB培养基中, 37 ° C下, 220转 /分 培养。 当 0D600达到约 0. 8时, 加入 IPTG至终浓度 0. 5 mM, 同时将温度降到 25 °C培养 12小时进行蛋白的诱导表达。 4000转 /分离心 30分钟收集菌体,收集好 后放于 -80 °C超低温冰箱保存过夜。将菌体用 20 mL的缓冲液 1 (20 mM Tris-Cl, 0. 5 M NaCl , and 10 raM咪唑, pH 8. 0)悬起, 将悬浮液冰浴上超声波破碎 (300 W,工作 30分钟,一次 5秒, 中间间隔 10秒)。破碎后得到的细胞匀浆在 4 ° C, 以 10000转 /分离心 30分钟, 弃上清, 用 20 mL的缓冲液 2 (6 M胍 HC1 20 mM Tris-Cl 250mM NaCl 20 mM咪唑, pH 8. 0)溶解沉淀, 室温下温和搅拌 1小时, 10000转 /分离心 30 min,并将上清上样到用绑定缓冲液(Binding buffer ) 2 (6 M guanidine HCl, 20 mM Tris-Cl, 250 mM NaCl, pH 8. 0)平衡好的 Ni2+- NTA 柱上, 先后用冲洗缓冲液 1 (8 M尿素, 20 raM Tris-Cl , 500 mM NaCl pH 8. 0) 和冲洗缓冲液 2 (8 M尿素, 20 mM Tris-Cl, 30raM咪唑)各 30ml洗去非特异性 结合的杂蛋白, 再用洗脱缓冲液 (8 M尿素, 20 Mm Tris-Cl, 1 M咪唑) 10 ml 洗去目的蛋白, 用 SDS-PAGE检测蛋白的分子量和纯度。
(3) FP-2包涵体蛋白的复性 将纯化得到的蛋白加入 10 mM DTT, 37 。 C下温浴 45分钟后, 将蛋白溶液 稀释到 10 g/ml进行透析 (透析液: 100 mM Tris-Cl , 1 mM EDTA, 20 %甘油, 250 mM L-精氨酸, ImM谷胱甘肽, ImM氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG), pH 8. 0)过夜。 将透析好的蛋白浓缩即可用作酶抑制活性的测定。
(4) FP-2蛋白的偶联 彻底清洗 Biacore 3000机器后, 用 PBS缓冲液 (10 mM 4-羟基哌嗪乙磺酸, 150 mM NaCl, 3 mM EDTA and 0. 005% (v/v)表面活性剂 P20, pH 7. 4)平衡机器 至基线平稳。 0. 2M N-乙基- N, -二甲基氨丙基碳二亚胺和 50mMM N-羟基琥珀酰 亚胺(EDC/NHS) 1: 1混和, 以 5 μ L/min进样 7分钟以活化芯片表面。 FP - 2 蛋白用 10 mM乙酸钠, pH4. 2, 稀释至终浓度为 69 μ g/ml, 以 5 μ L/min流速 进样。 最后, 用 1 M盐酸乙醇胺, PH 8. 5以 5 μ L/min流速进样 7分钟, 封闭 芯片表面, 最终 FP- 2蛋白的偶联量为 9300RU左右。
(5) 化合物筛选 底物 Z- Phe-Arg-pNA HC1 (Bachem AG) 作为阳性对照。 银椴苷(实施例 2 制得)用 100%DMSO溶解, 母液浓度为 10 raM。用 HBS- EP缓冲液稀释化合物, 至终浓度为 1 μΜ和 10 μΜ, DMS0的终浓度为 0. 1%。 根据银椴苷与芯片上 FP-2 蛋白的结合的 RU (Response Unit, 共振单位)值, 判断化合物是否具有结合 活性。 有结合活性的化合物可进行详细的动力学实验。 结果证明银椴苷与 FP - 2 蛋白有明显的结合。
(6) 动力学测定 银椴苷用工作缓冲液 HBS- EP (含 0. 1% DMS0), 分别配成不同的浓度梯度, 以 30 μ l/min进样 1 min, 解离 2 min, 然后用相同缓冲液稳定 2 min。 得到银 椴苷与 FP-2蛋白相互作用的传感图,再用 Biacore分析软件中的 1: 1 (Langmuir) 结合模型或稳态模型进行拟合, 得到确切的动力学和热力学常数。
(6) 试验结果: 表 1 阳性对照和银椴苷与 FP- 2蛋白结合常数的测试结果。
序号 编号 Κ„ (μΜ) 1 银椴苷
2 Z-Phe-Arg-pNA. HC1 实施例 6 本发明化合物对 falcipain- 2蛋白酶百分抑制活性的测定
(1) Falcipain-2 (FP- 2)蛋白的表达与纯化和 FP- 2包涵体蛋白的复性 参见实施例 5
(2) 本发明化合物对 FP- 2酶抑制活性的测定
在 197 μΐ的 100 mM NaOAc, 10 mM DTT, pH 5. 5的 buffer体系中加入 FP-2蛋 白 (终浓度 10 g/ml)和溶于 DMS0的待测化合物(实施例 1_4制得)溶液, 分 别为 Stenopalustroside A、 Stenopalustroside D. 银椴苷、 山奈酚 3- 0~ β - (6' , -咖啡酰基葡萄吡喃糖苷)、 山奈酚 3- (2, 4-di- Ε-ρ-香豆酰基鼠李糖苷) 的溶液,终浓度 10 μΜ和 0 μΜ (阴性对照),室温下孵育 30 rain后用 MD SpectraMax M5酶标仪于 excitation (激发波长) 355 nm; emission (发射波长) 460 nm 处连续测 15 min内的 RFU值, 计算出反应速率 , 以下列公式得出待测化合物 在 10 μΜ下百分抑制率,
计算公式为:
(对照组^值—实验组 ι 值) /对照组 Κ„^Χ 100 %
(3) 化合物活性测试结果 : 表 2. 黄酮苷类化合物对 falcipain- 2抑制率数据 序号 编号 抑制率 (%, 10 μΜ)
Stenopalustroside A 53. 03
Stenopalustroside D 39. 40
银椴苷 64. 36 山奈酚 3-0- β - (6' , -咖啡酰基 53. 03
葡萄吡喃糖苷)
山奈酚 3- (2, 4- di_E-P-香豆酰基 49. 37
5
鼠李糖苷) 实施例 7 本发明化合物对 falcipain-2蛋白酶半数有效抑制浓度(ICso) 的测定
选取 10M抑制率在 50 %以上的化合物测 IC5。, 选择实施例 1-4制得
Stenopalustroside A、 银椴苷、 山奈酚 3- 0~ 6 - (6' , -咖啡酰基葡萄吡喃糖 苷) 的溶液, 实验方法和体系如实施例 6。 根据化合物在不同浓度下 FP-2酶活 的反应速率 ,计算化合物在不同浓度下对 FP-2酶活的抑制率,使用 Sigmoidal 公式用 origin软件进行拟合得到化合物的 值, 结果见表 3。 表 3. 黄酮苷类化合物对 falcipain-2酶活抑制 IC5。 序号 编号 ICso (μΜ)
1 Stenopalustroside A 1. 45 2 银椴苷 13. 13 山奈酚 3- 0~ β - (6, , -咖啡 13. 52
3
酰基葡萄吡喃糖苷)
结果显示上述黄酮苷类化合物对 falcipain-2酶均具有抑制作用,提示上述化 合物具有抗疟疾作用。
实施例 7 黄酮苷类化合物体外抗疟活性测定
抗疟活性可以通过测量疟原虫 LDH活性来确定 (Jain, M.; Khan, S. I.; Tekwani, B. L.; Jacob, M. R.; Singh, S.; Singh, P. P.; Jain, R. Synthesis, antimalarial,
antileishmanial, and antimicrobial activities of some 8-quinolinamine analogues. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2005, 13, 4458-4466.)=在含 10 连续稀释测试样本的 96孔板 的每个孔中加入感染了 D6 or W2株 P. falciparum的红细胞混悬液 (200 μί,在 RPMI 1640培养集中加入 10%人血清和 60 1g/mL阿米卡星, 使疟原虫血症达 到 2% , 红细胞压积达到 2%), 然后用 90% N2, 5% 02, and 5% C02组成的混合气 体冲洗板, 在培育房内培育 72小时, 温度保持在 37 °C。 LDH活性用 MalstatTM 试剂(Flow Inc., Portland, OR)测定, 测定程序参照 Makler和 Hinrichs 的程序 (M.T. Makler and D.J. Hinrichs, Measurement of the lactate dehydrogenase activity of Plasmodium falciparum as an assessment of parasitemia. J. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1993, 48(2):205-210)。 即将 20 培育的混合物同 100 μL he Malstat™试剂混合, 在室温下培育 30分钟.然后加入 20微升 NBT/PES的混合物 (NBT/PES比例为 1:1 ) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) , 在黑暗条件下培育 1小时。之后, 加入 100 5%醋酸溶 液终止这一反应, 并用 650 nm来检测板.药物对照组中加入青蒿素和氯喹。从剂 量 -效应曲线中计算出 IC5()。测定化合物抗疟活性的选择性指标时,也要测定他们 在体外对哺乳动物细胞的毒性.测试在 96孔组^培养板中进行 (J. Mustafa, S.I. Khan, G Ma, L.A. Walker and I. A. Khan, Synthesis and Anticancer Activities of Fatty Acid Analogs of Podophyllotoxin. Lipids. 2004, 39(2):167-172.)。 在 96孔板中以 25,000个 /孔的密度种植非洲绿猴肾异倍体细胞并培育 24小时.加入不同浓度的 (实施例 1-4制得化合物)样品, 分别为 Stenopalustroside A、
Stenopalustroside D、银椴苷、山奈酚 3-0~ e - (6' ' -咖啡酰基葡萄吡喃糖苷)、 山奈酚 3-(2, 4- di- E- P-香豆酰基鼠李糖苷)的 DMS0溶液,浓度依次为 528. 8ng/ml、 1586. 4ng/ml、 4760g/ral, 继续培育 48小时。 利用 Neutral Red assay方法测定存 活细胞数, 从剂量 -效应曲线中计算出 IC5o.用阿霉素作为阳性对照药物。 黄酮苷 类化合物的对 D6和 W2的 IC5C值如下表:
药物 D6 W2
Stenopalustroside A 32.8 98.6
Stenopalustroside D 68.4 165
银椴苷 123 106 山奈酚 3-Ο-β- (6"-咖啡酰基葡萄吡喃糖苷) 55.8 91.3
山奈酚 3- (2,4-di-E-p-香豆酰基鼠李糖苷) 45.1 147
氯喹 <26.4 160
青蒿素 <26.4 <26.4
结果显示, 5个黄酮苷类化合物均有较好的体外抗疟原虫活性。 实施例 8 化合物体内抗疟活性评价
模型: 伯氏疟原虫感染小鼠模型 (氯喹敏感株)
动物: 昆明种小鼠, 雄性, 20±2g, 每组 6只 (n=6)
方法: WHO"四天抑制法" 。 其基本流程是: d0接种感染, 抽取雄性小鼠血液, 腹腔接种小鼠, 每只注射约 lxlO6个受感染红细胞的悬液; d0〜d3 给药 4 次, 首次给药为接种后 3~4小时, 以后每天给药 1次; d4〜d6取尾静脉血 作薄血膜, 姬氏染色后镜检, 计算减虫率。
药物配制和给药方式:
氯喹(二磷酸盐) 以生理 ^水配成所需浓度 10mg/kg; 待评价化合物用少 于 10%乙醇完全溶解后, 用玉米油混悬配成所需浓度, 腹腔注射给药。
分组:
1) 阳性对照组(氯喹 10 mg Kg.d) [=氯喹二磷酸盐 16.1 mg/Kg.d]
2) 待评价化合物不同剂量组(10, 50, 100, 200, 400mg/Kg.d)
评价指标:
d4〜(! 6减虫率: 接种感染后第 4、 5、 6天尾静脉取血涂膜检査减虫率。 实验结果:
腹腔注射化合物 Stenopalustroside D (实施例 1制得)和银椴苷(实施例 2 制得)具有明显的体内截疟活性,最佳治疗剂量 50mg/kg,最大减虫率约为 64%。 其它化合物具有一定的体内截疟活性, 最大减虫率在 30%~60%之间。
mm. - 分组 染虫率 减虫率 染虫率 '减虫率 染虫率 减虫率
(mg/kg)
(%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
Control - 23 - 33 - 37 . - -
Chloroquine 10 0 100 0 100 0 100
10 30 42 44
50 25 - 42 - 48 -
Stenopalustroside
100 23 37 46
A
200 15 34.7 22 33.3 30 18.9
400 22 -. 39 - 41 -
10 16 30.4 16 51.5 25 32.4
50 9 60.8 12 63.6 16 58.3
Stenopalustroside
100 10 56.5 13 60.6 20 45.9 D
200 13 43.4 19 42.4 23 37.8
400 21 8.6 25 24.2 32 13.5
10 14 39.1 16 51.5 24 . 35.1
50 10 56.5 12 64.0 27 54.0 银椴苷 100 15 34.7 20 39.3 29 21.6
200 18 21.7 23 30.3 30 18.9
400 23 - 30 9.0 39 - 山奈酚 3-Ο-β- 10 17 20.6 14 27.2 23 37.8
( 6"-咖啡酰基 50 11 52.1 15 54.5 20 45.9 葡萄吡喃糖苷) 100 20 13.0 28 15.1 33 10.8 200 22 4.3 30 9.0 35 5.4
400 25 - 31 6.0 38 -
10 25 - 33 - 38 - 山奈酚 3-
50 15 34.7 25 24.2 26 29.7 (2,4-di-E-p-香
100 20 13.0 26 21.2 28 24.3 豆酰基鼠李糖
200 23 - 30 9.0 35 5.4 苷)
400 25 - 34 - 37 _

Claims

权利要求
、 一种黄酮苷类化合物在制备治疗疟疾的药物中应用, 其特征在于所述黄酮苷 一种:
Figure imgf000016_0001
式中 为香豆酰基、反式香豆酰基或咖啡酰基; R2为香豆酰基、反式香豆酰基、 咖啡酰基或为氢。
、 根据权利要求 1所述的应用, 其特征在于所述的黄酮苷类化合物从植物中提 取或化学合成得到。
、 根据权利要求 1所述的应用, 其特征在于所述的药物为治疗由疟原虫引起的 疟疾的药物。
、 一种治疗疟疾的药物组合物, 其特征在于所述药物组合物含有如权利要求 1 中所述的黄酮苷类化合物活性成分和药学上可以接受的载体。
、 根据权利要求 3所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于活性成分在药物组合物中的 重量含量为 5-95%。
PCT/CN2010/001403 2009-10-21 2010-09-13 黄酮苷类化合物在制备治疗疟疾的药物中应用 Ceased WO2011047529A1 (zh)

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