WO2011044762A1 - 一种用于航模的直线执行机构 - Google Patents

一种用于航模的直线执行机构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011044762A1
WO2011044762A1 PCT/CN2010/001639 CN2010001639W WO2011044762A1 WO 2011044762 A1 WO2011044762 A1 WO 2011044762A1 CN 2010001639 W CN2010001639 W CN 2010001639W WO 2011044762 A1 WO2011044762 A1 WO 2011044762A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
potentiometer
motor
screw
linear
linear actuator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/001639
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄国川
Original Assignee
上海九鹰电子科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN200910180498A external-priority patent/CN101658732A/zh
Priority claimed from CN2010201109028U external-priority patent/CN201596352U/zh
Application filed by 上海九鹰电子科技有限公司 filed Critical 上海九鹰电子科技有限公司
Publication of WO2011044762A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011044762A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63HTOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H29/00Drive mechanisms for toys in general
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63HTOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H27/00Toy aircraft; Other flying toys
    • A63H27/12Helicopters ; Flying tops

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of miniature electric aviation models, and more particularly to an electric linear actuator and method for use in the field of miniature aeromodeling.
  • This linear actuator is mainly used to operate the steering surface, control model steering, etc.
  • the action therefore generally referred to as the steering gear, can be used to pull the throttle and landing gear of the engine in the aerospace model, and can be used to pull the steering mechanism in the car model, but its common features.
  • They are all actuators that are used to provide linear motion. They can use some kind of driving energy and make linear motion under certain control signals.
  • the existing design concept of the micro linear actuator is structurally fixed on the bottom plate of the driving circuit of a linear actuator, respectively, and the power motor, the deceleration system, the linear potentiometer and the transmission arm of the linear actuator are respectively fixed.
  • Chinese Patent No. 200720069025. 2 discloses a specific structure of a linear actuator, that is, a steering gear, which is simple in structure and light in weight for a miniature model, but the power motor portion also occupies a corresponding position on the driving circuit board, and the mechanical structure
  • the design is still a traditional design method.
  • strict control of the structural weight is a very important technical requirement in the design.
  • the power motor in the linear actuator also occupies a certain area on the drive circuit board, thereby increasing the drive power.
  • the overall area of the road plate needs further improvement.
  • the linear actuator used in the model is a linear actuator unit having a separate control circuit.
  • Figure 6 shows the working principle of the receiver and steering gear combination of a common remote control model helicopter.
  • the receiver and steering gear of the remote control model are independent units, and the steering gear has its own Independent control circuit board, as shown in the dashed box of the servo control circuit board in Figure 6, the servo independent control circuit board contains the servo integrated circuit, M0S (also can be transistor) switch circuit, stroke feedback potentiometer
  • M0S also can be transistor
  • the module is composed of three modules.
  • the command is in the interval of every 20 milliseconds, plus or minus 0.
  • a 5 ms pulse signal (pulse width modulation) is input to an ASIC of an independent linear actuator.
  • the motor of the linear actuator is driven, and the linear potentiometer is driven by the deceleration system.
  • the potentiometer feeds back the position signal to the drive circuit for proportional control, which is finally completed by the linear actuator arm.
  • the mixed control calculation results of various control signals are sent to the MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) circuit of the management power motor by the PWM (Pules Width Modulation) signal.
  • the system illustrated in Figure 6 has two independent linear actuators (steering gears) that control the forward and backward movement of the model and the lateral movement of the model in the model helicopter.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to improve the integration degree from the overall layout of the mechanical structure to the specific structural parts and electronic circuit layout, thereby achieving overall reduction of structural weight and improvement of equipment reliability. It is suitable for the miniaturization of the overall structure of the airborne electronic equipment and the actuator, and the strict requirements of the structural weight and light weight of the miniature model aircraft and the miniature model helicopter.
  • the present invention provides a linear actuator for a RC, comprising a bottom plate, a driving portion, a transmission portion, and a linear execution portion, wherein the driving portion and the linear execution portion are respectively mounted on both sides of the bottom plate;
  • the bottom plate may be a driving circuit board (6), the driving portion includes a motor (2) and a motor base (9), and the transmission portion includes a driving gear (8) and a driven gear (7), and the linear execution portion is
  • the casing (1), the screw (4) and the sliding assembly (5) are arranged, the motor (2) is placed in the motor base (9), and the driving gear (8) is mounted at one end of the motor, and the casing (1) Forming a guiding chute (3), the screw (4) passes through the casing (1), one end is connected with the driven gear (7) and meshes with the driving gear (8), and the sliding assembly (5) is mounted on the screw .
  • the sliding assembly (5) may be composed of a transmission arm 51, a slider (52) having an internal thread, and a ball head (53) having a tip hole (54), and the slider (52) passes through the screw ( 4)
  • the mating internal thread is connected to the screw, and the transmission arm (51) can realize the universal transmission function through the ball head (53) and the connecting rod with the ball head cover; the tip hole on the transmission arm (51) (54)
  • the transmission function can be realized by a connecting rod having a tip; wherein the screw can be an axial movement preventing structure having a double ring positioning ring (41a); further, the end of the screw (4) is made in a screw processing process
  • the positioning structure (41b) is provided, and the other part of the screw is matched with the shaft hole of the driven gear (7) in the (71b) portion, and the axial positioning function of the screw (4) on the casing (1) is realized;
  • the sliding component (5) is electrically connected to the carbon film (61a, 61b) and the conductive film (62
  • the bottom plate (6) may be an electronic circuit board of a remote control receiver, and the electronic circuit board includes (1) a receiving module, configured to receive a control signal transmitted by the remote controller and transmit the signal to the central processing unit;
  • a central processing unit module configured to perform information decoding, analog/digital signal conversion, data processing, and feedback signal data comparison on the control signal transmitted by the receiving module, and generate a motor driving signal
  • a switch circuit module configured to receive a signal of the central processing unit and control the opening and closing of the motor in the linear actuator, and the speed control of the motor of the driving part;
  • the central processor module includes:
  • a data decoding processing module configured to decode a control signal transmitted by the receiving module
  • an electronic governor module for outputting a calculation result of the mixer controller module through a central processor module to generate a pulse width modulation signal, driving the corresponding motor through the switch circuit, and operating the corresponding electronic governor according to the operation result of the integrated operation module Drive the motor in the linear execution section to achieve proportional control.
  • the electronic circuit board can be installed with at least two sets of driving parts, a transmission part and a linear execution part to realize multi-channel control of the model; wherein the model is a double-rotor helicopter or a single-rotor helicopter,
  • the electronic circuit board further includes an electronic gyro module for automatically detecting an angular velocity about a vertical axis of the model and generating a gyro signal for inputting the central processor module.
  • the invention also provides a model rudder servo for using a potentiometer to feed back a position signal, comprising a motor, a rotary potentiometer, a lead screw, a frame and a gear set, wherein the motor and the driving gear in the gear set are Connected, the driven gear in the gear set is connected with the screw rod, and the screw rod is adjusted and rotated The rotary potentiometer is connected.
  • the gear set can select the first-stage transmission or the multi-stage transmission, passive
  • the screw is rotated, and the screw is connected to the rotary potentiometer through the adjusting device to realize the change of the resistance of the potentiometer.
  • the resistance of the potentiometer at each position is fed back to the control circuit through the line, according to the setting procedure.
  • the linear transmission mechanism and the power motor of the steering gear are integrated to make the work more safe and reliable, the precision is greatly improved, the installation efficiency is high, and the maintenance performance of the electronic equipment and the servo is improved.
  • the fixing device of the motor can be directly arranged on the frame. It is also possible to set the fixing device of the motor separately and screw it to the frame by means of screws or locks.
  • the structures are connected as a whole and can also be connected together by other means.
  • the RC steering gear with the potentiometer feedback position signal provided by the present invention also has the following subsidiary technical features:
  • the adjusting device comprises a potentiometer rocker arm and a linear output transmission block
  • the potentiometer rocker arm comprises a potentiometer rocker arm slot
  • the linear output transmission block comprises a linear output transmission block cylinder
  • the linear output transmission The internal thread of the block is engaged with the screw rod
  • the linear output transmission block cylinder is inserted into the potentiometer rocker arm slot
  • the potentiometer rocker arm is connected with the central axis of the rotary potentiometer
  • the structure can not only ensure the linear motion of the linear output transmission block, but also convert the linear motion of the linear output transmission block into the rotation of the central axis of the rotary potentiometer. Thereby the resistance of the potentiometer changes.
  • the frame is provided with a sliding slot, and the linear output transmission block cylinder is simultaneously inserted into the sliding slot. This arrangement further avoids the positional deviation of the linear output transmission block cylinder and the stability of the linear output transmission block in the vertical direction.
  • the structure of the linear output transmission block includes a linear output transmission arm pin hole and a linear output ball type
  • the universal spliced structure can output servo torques in different transmission modes to meet the requirements of different aviation models;
  • the rotary potentiometer is circular, and may be arranged in a square shape as needed.
  • the circuit connected to the rotary potentiometer is a feedback loop in the control circuit.
  • a feedback signal is sent through the feedback loop. This feedback is timely and accurate, and automatic control can be realized.
  • the circuit connected to the rotary potentiometer is a feedback loop in the control circuit.
  • the control circuit comprises a servo drive circuit, a remote control receiver circuit, an attitude control circuit, an integrated control operation circuit and a model main power drive circuit, and the five circuits have several setting modes, the first type, the The five circuits can all be placed on one circuit board and mechanically and electrically connected with the steering gear.
  • the steering gear can be mechanically combined with the steering gear drive circuit, and then electrically connected to the other four circuits.
  • the mechanical combination, the third type, the steering gear and the steering gear drive circuit form an independent steering gear with a steering gear drive function circuit board.
  • the steering gear is integrated with the remote control receiver circuit and the attitude control circuit to control the operation circuit and the model through three wires.
  • the main power drive circuit constitutes a conventional scheme for four-in-one board connection.
  • the electrical contacts are solder the electrical contacts directly to the corresponding solder joints on the four-in-one circuit board without wires; the fourth, the servos pass through five wires and include the servo drive circuit, the remote control receiver circuit, and the attitude
  • the control circuit comprehensively controls the arithmetic circuit and the model main power drive circuit to form a board connection.
  • the rack is fixed on the control circuit board, and includes a motor control and driving circuit and a feedback loop of the steering gear.
  • the electrical contact pin of the rotary potentiometer is embedded in a corresponding hole of the control circuit board, and the control circuit
  • the feedback circuit on the board is electrically connected, the motor is connected to the motor drive circuit, and the feedback loop and the control circuit are connected.
  • the structure can be easily disassembled to check the potentiometer unit device, and the implementation is lower. Maintenance and repair of costs.
  • Rotary potentiometer electrical contact The welding is fixed on the control circuit board, and the welded structure is not easy to wear during the operation of the rudder steering gear, so that the service life is long;
  • the rack is provided with a potentiometer base and a lock.
  • the potentiometer base has three potentiometer electrical contacts leading to the hole positions, the potentiometer lead legs are embedded in the hole positions, and the rotary potentiometer is locked
  • the buckle is fixed to the base.
  • the electrical contact of the rotary potentiometer and the circuit contact of the motor are connected by a lead wire to a corresponding control circuit.
  • the motor and the potentiometer are connected to the corresponding control circuit through a separate wire.
  • the RC servo with the position feedback signal of the potentiometer has the advantages of stable and reliable performance, simple structure, high precision and long service life.
  • FIG. 1A is a front perspective view of a linear actuator of the present invention
  • Figure 1B is an inverted perspective view of the linear actuator of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional structural view of a screw, a linear output transmission arm assembly and a casing of the present invention
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic view of a micro-screw having an anti-axial movement structure with a double-ring locating ring;
  • FIG. 3B is a schematic view of a micro screw with an axial displacement structure with a positioning ring at the end of the screw
  • FIG. 3C is a partial screw of the screw and the linear output transmission arm and the internal threaded slider assembly and the box body shown in FIG. 3B
  • 4A is a schematic diagram of the dual-position layout (forward) of the electronic circuit board and the linear actuator
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of the dual-position layout (reverse) of the electronic circuit board and the linear actuator driving motor
  • FIG. 5 is an electronic circuit board and a double The stereoscopic decomposition of the linear actuator arrangement of the machine position
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram of a conventional four-in-one electronic receiving system
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram of a five-in-one digital electronic receiving system of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is an exploded view of an embodiment of a RC steering gear with a potentiometer feedback position signal provided in accordance with the present invention;
  • Figure 9 is an assembly view of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of the frame and the linear transmission output arm
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a potentiometer and a linear drive output arm cylinder and a rocker arm connected thereto;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a frame and a potentiometer lock structure of the independent steering gear;
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view of an independent steering gear without wires
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view of an independent steering gear with wires.
  • the linear actuator used in the remote control model is generally an independent steering gear.
  • the main guiding idea of the present invention is to further improve the integration of the linear actuator of the model with other systems, especially the receiver system.
  • the mechanical structure and function are all integrated to further reduce the weight and volume of the model for optimal performance.
  • 1A and 1B illustrate the structure and layout of a linear actuator in a specific embodiment of the present invention: a casing 1 of a linear actuator is disposed on the surface of the circuit board 6 and has a first gear that meshes with each other.
  • the deceleration system comprises a driven gear 7 and a driving gear 8, a screw 4, an internal threaded slider, a transmission arm assembly 5, and a motor 2 of the linear actuator is on the back of the circuit board 6, the housing 1 of the linear actuator In this way, the motor does not need to be occupied separately on the circuit board 6, so that the overall footprint of the linear actuator is reduced by about 30%, which effectively reduces the structural weight.
  • 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the deceleration system of the linear actuator, wherein the part numbers 51, 52, 53, 54 are schematic representations of the functions of the linear travel output transmission arm and the internal thread slide assembly, and the transmission arm 51 can be seen in conjunction with FIG. 1A.
  • the guide chute 3 of the linear actuator body is linearly bidirectionally moved; the transmission arm and the slider assembly have an internal threaded slider 52 matched with the screw; the transmission arm 51 passes through the ball head 53 and the connecting rod with the ball head cover
  • the universal transmission function can be realized; the tip hole 54 on the transmission arm 51 can realize the transmission function through the link having the tip.
  • the transmission function of one linear traveling transmission arm is adapted to the above two different transmissions of the aviation model. Way of request.
  • Figure 3A illustrates a new design of a micro screw.
  • an annular brake ring (ring) is added to the end portion of the micro-screw passive gear end sleeve, the end cover is eliminated, and an annular positioning groove 41 for preventing the axial movement of the screw at one end of the screw 4 is omitted.
  • a retaining ring is arranged on the other end of the screw; the specific structure of the positioning groove is composed of two positioning rings.
  • the advantage of this structure is that the positioning groove is completed at the same time in the screw processing, and the advantage is that the installation process is good.
  • the installation of the driven gear on the screw can be performed at a mounting station by a set of installation tools. It is ensured that the micro-screw has a large length and is not damaged during the installation process of the gear and the screw; and the gear body is divided by the driven gear at the end of the gear box, and the box body is divided into upper and lower halves from the screw shaft center, and the upper cover is the bottom cover 11
  • the mechanical size of the micro-linear actuator is small.
  • the screw only needs to wear a small shaft hole, then the screw and positioning. Place the slot in place and close the cover to the base.
  • the micro-screw for example, the micro-screw involved in the above embodiment of the present invention has a diameter of less than one millimeter, as long as the design idea of the conventional screw is removed, and the micro-screw processing enterprise As shown in the design of FIG. 3A, the anti-axial movement structure with the double-ring locating ring shown in FIG. 3A can be simultaneously manufactured in the modern micro-screw machining process without additional cost.
  • This structural feature is also that the special screw can be used to fix the screw, and the reduction gear 7 is mounted on the head of the screw 71a.
  • the jig can be used to ensure that the micro screw is not bent and damaged.
  • the circuit board has a precise fixing hole of the linear actuator, and the box fixing posts 14a, 14b of the linear actuator pass through the fixing holes 63a, 63b of the circuit board 6, and the box body and the motor holder are fixed.
  • 91a, 61b are fixed, and are not fixed by screws. They can be fixed by solvent, glue or by heating and riveting the head of plastic column 14. This process not only saves the screws, but the biggest advantage is that it simplifies the installation process, improves the work efficiency, and helps to improve the installation accuracy of the micro-mini parts.
  • the fixed drive motor can also be reinforced by the fixing screws 101a, 101b.
  • FIG. 3B illustrates that the end of the screw 4b is positioned in the screw processing process, and the other part of the screw is in the 71b portion.
  • the shaft hole of the gear 7 is matched, and the structure can also be axially positioned on the box body.
  • Fig. 3C shows the structure of the structure in the box body, but there is a change in the installation process. Referring to Fig.
  • the screw 4b The small head is at the end of 71b, and the end of 71b is first inserted into the shaft hole 13 of the box body, and then screwed into the internal thread hole of the slider transmission arm assembly 5, and the head of the 71b passes through the other shaft hole on the box body. , and then install the driven gear 7, the subsequent installation steps are the same as shown in Figure 2.
  • the 41b structure on the screw and the gear mounted on the other end serve to limit the axial movement of the screw.
  • FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are schematic diagrams showing the layout of a two-station linear actuator used in a helicopter remote control model on an electronic circuit board machine
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective exploded view of the electronic circuit board having a two-station linear actuator.
  • the mechanical system of the linear actuator is directly laid on the electronic circuit board of the remote control receiver, compared with the structure of the existing receiver and the independent steering gear of FIG.
  • the sub-line board integrates the common functions of radio signal reception, electronic gyroscope stabilization, mixer, integrated calculation, electronic governor and linear actuator.
  • the biggest feature is that the original linear actuator control
  • the electronic circuit of the function of the circuit and the electronic receiving part of the receiver is integrated on an electronic circuit board.
  • the connecting wires and connectors between the original independent actuator and the receiver have been cancelled.
  • the receivers operated the 1 and 2 channels.
  • the signal is outputted by a standard 1.5 millisecond plus or minus 0.5 millisecond pulse signal, which is transmitted to the independent steering gear through the connector.
  • This signal is processed by the servo ASIC in the independent steering gear and then controls the steering gear of the steering gear. position.
  • the powerful data processing function of the single-chip microcomputer on the original receiver electronic circuit board is fully utilized, the special integrated circuit in the original steering gear is omitted, and the signal transmission between the original electronic board and the steering gear is changed.
  • the power motor of the steering gear that is independently occupied on the original electronic circuit board is mounted on the back of the electronic circuit board, which not only reduces the cost but also reduces the weight and volume, and speeds up the data processing.
  • the speed increases the control precision, which not only makes the miniature remote control model device more compact, but also reduces the overall structure weight of the remote control model, which is more conducive to improving the reliability of the equipment and optimizing the flight performance of the model helicopter and the model aircraft.
  • FIG. 7 shows the composition principle of the integrated electronic circuit board structure as an example of a four-channel model helicopter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the integrated circuit structure of the electronic circuit board generally includes high frequency receiving 1, decoding data processing 2, and electronic gyro 3 , Mixer 4, Data Comparison 7, Electronic Governor, MOSFET Switching Circuit, and Stroke Feedback Potentiometer and Motor of the Mechanical Section of the Linear Actuator. Its core feature is the use of the fastest development, the widest range of applications, small size, light weight, and powerful single-chip microcomputer (double-dotted line frame in the figure), on-board decoding, analog/digital conversion, data processing, feedback All processing and calculation work such as signal data comparison, motor drive signal generation, etc. are all performed by it.
  • the integrated circuit board structure integrates all functions of the receiver and the steering gear.
  • the integrated module should at least include: (1) a receiving module for receiving a control signal transmitted by the remote controller and transmitting it to a central processing unit module; (2) a central processing unit module, configured to perform information decoding, analog/digital signal conversion, data processing, and feedback signal on the control signal transmitted by the receiving module According to comparison, and generating a motor drive signal; (3) a switch circuit module for receiving a signal of the central processor and controlling the opening and closing of the motor in the linear actuator, and the speed regulation of the motor of the drive portion; (4) position The feedback potentiometer module is used to feed back the position signal of the transmission arm in the linear actuator.
  • the central processor module further includes: (1) a data decoding processing module for decoding a control signal transmitted by the receiving module; (2) a mixer controller module for performing mixed control on the received signal (3) an integrated computing module for synthesizing the received steering signal with a feedback signal of the position of the actuator of each linear actuator, and inputting the result to each electronic governor; (4) electronic governor module , the power motor for outputting the operation result of the mixer module through the central processing unit module to generate a pulse width modulation signal, driving the corresponding rotor or the tail propeller through the switch circuit, and operating the corresponding electronic governor according to the operation result of the integrated operation module, Drive the motor in the linear execution section to achieve proportional control.
  • the electronic governor described in this embodiment is actually composed of a M0S tube controlled by a single chip microcomputer. After the single chip microcomputer sends an electronic speed regulation signal, the motor speed is adjusted through the
  • the electronic circuit version mainly integrates the following functions:
  • the radio signal receives a message received by the remote controller and decodes the information into a manipulation signal; 2.
  • the electronic gyroscope automatically detects the angular velocity around the vertical axis of the model and inputs the signal into the mixer; 3.
  • Mixer function A hybrid control operation of the steering signal and the gyro signal; 4.
  • the integrated computing function performs a comprehensive operation on the received steering signal and the feedback signal of the position of the actuator of each linear actuator, and the operation result is input to each electronic governor;
  • the electronic governor function includes the following two functions, that is, a.
  • the operation result of the mixer is driven by the electronic governor to drive the power motor; b.
  • the electronic governor corresponding to each control channel is driven to drive each The motor in the actuator of the channel completes the manipulation command for each channel through the transmission arm of the linear actuator to realize the proportional control operation.
  • the mechanical part of the linear actuator that is, the linear actuator of the power motor on the back of the circuit board.
  • This integrated structure still works according to the working principle of the general helicopter remote control model, but due to the further integration of the linear actuator, the decoding function and the functions of functions 3, 4, and 5 in the above function 1 are required. It is assumed by an integrated circuit of the single-chip microcomputer, and there is no longer a separate "driver circuit board of the steering gear", and no special integrated circuit of the steering gear is used.
  • the electronic part of the five-in-one electronic circuit is integrated on the entire electronic circuit board.
  • the function is coupled to the mechanical structure of the linear actuator.
  • the high-frequency signal is converted into a low-frequency data signal through the first part of the "high-frequency receiving" circuit, and the data is decoded by the second-part single-chip microcomputer and decomposed into channels.
  • Manipulating data The 1 channel and 2 channel manipulation data enter the 7th part, and are compared with the signals of their position feedback potentiometers respectively, and then the 8th and 9th MOS circuits are used to control the 10th and 11th electric actuators respectively.
  • the rotation of the motor In the rotation of the motor, when the steering signal and the position feedback signal reach the equilibrium state, the rotation of the motor is stopped, so that the proportional manipulation of the two channels is achieved.
  • the signal input of the third part of the electronic gyro is the fourth part of the mixer.
  • the three-channel signal and the four-channel signal are also input to the mixer.
  • the sixth and ninth MOS circuits are used to control the upper and lower rotor motors. The speed, so that you can control the helicopter's lifting with a 3-channel, and control the direction of the helicopter with 4 channels.
  • the first channel and the second channel manipulation command are executed, and the computer directly calculates the received digital data of the manipulation control and the position feedback signal of the linear potentiometer, and then directly controls the electronic governor by the computer.
  • the motor that drives the linear actuator is driven by the motor to drive the slider-transmission arm assembly of the linear potentiometer, and finally the proportional manipulation command is completed by the transmission arm of the linear actuator.
  • the mixed control calculation result of the fourth channel manipulation control signal and the gyro feedback signal and the third channel (throttle) control signal is sent to the M0S circuit of the management power motor by the single-chip microcomputer to issue a speed control signal.
  • the difference between the rotational speeds of the upper and lower sets of rotors is controlled.
  • the rotational speeds of the main rotor and the tail propeller are controlled to achieve the purpose of controlling the flight direction.
  • the wireless remote control technology of this patent adopts the 2. 4G communication standard, and the signals of the standard are digital signals.
  • the throttle signal + gyro signal + direction steering signal is the direction control signal.
  • the reference numerals are as follows: 1 is a circuit board, 11 is a rectangular hole corresponding to the electrical contact pin 81 of the potentiometer 8, 2 is a driving gear, 3 is a frame, 31 is Straight type chute, 4 is motor, motor 4 is fixed by motor seat 33.
  • motor base 33 and frame are composed of integral structure, 5 is screw, 6 is potentiometer rocker, 61 is potentiometer Rocker chute, 7 is the linear output transmission block, 71 is the linear output transmission arm pin hole, 72 is the linear output transmission arm ball head, 73 is the linear output transmission block cylinder, 8 is the potentiometer, 81 is the potentiometer 8 electrical The contacts lead the foot, and 9 is the passive gear.
  • the frame 3 of the steering gear is fixed on the circuit board 1.
  • the electrical contact pin 81 of the potentiometer 8 is embedded in the corresponding hole 11 of the circuit board 1, and the electrical contact pin 81 of the potentiometer 8 is soldered to the circuit on the circuit board 1.
  • the spot welding is fixed, and the feedback loop of the potentiometer 8 and the motor circuit are connected to the control circuit.
  • the motor 4 rotates, and the first-stage reduction transmission gear set formed by the driving gear 2 and the driven gear 9 is transmitted to the screw rod 5.
  • the screw rod 5 and the linear output transmission block 7 can be rotated and meshed, and the linear output transmission block 7 is linearly driven by the deceleration. mobile.
  • the transmission block cylinder 73 protruding from the lower portion of the linear output transmission block 7 is embedded in the slot 61 of the potentiometer rocker arm 6, and the linear output transmission block cylinder 73 is rotatable in the potentiometer rocker arm slot 61.
  • the potentiometer rocker arm 6 rotates around the center of the potentiometer 8, and the potentiometer rocker arm 6 drives the central axis of the potentiometer 8 to rotate, so that the resistance value of the potentiometer changes with the movement of the linear output transmission block 7, and will constantly change.
  • the resistance of the potentiometer is fed back to the control circuit through the control feedback loop to control the rotation of the motor, and thus the stroke and position of the linear output transmission block 7 are controlled.
  • the linear output transmission block cylinder 73 is also inserted into the chute 31 on the steering gear frame, and the screw rod 5 and the chute 31 on the steering gear frame jointly control the linear output transmission block for linear motion, which avoids linear output.
  • Position of the transmission block cylinder 73 Deviation and stability in the vertical direction of the transmission arm, the mounting and fixing of the product according to the present invention are all fixed by mechanical mounting, the frame 3 is fixed on the circuit board by screws, and the electrical contacts of the potentiometer 8 are inserted into the hole 11 of the circuit board and positioned.
  • the circuit board is soldered to the circuit solder joint, and further, the electrical contacts of the potentiometer 8 are connected to the control circuit.
  • the frame 3a has a base 34 on which a potentiometer is mounted.
  • the base has a rectangular hole 30 corresponding to the three electrical contact pins of the potentiometer, and the potentiometer electrical contact 81 is embedded.
  • the base has a rectangular hole 30, and the three locks 32 of the base fix the potentiometer 8;
  • the independent steering gear of Fig. 7 has a lead wire, and the wire has three wires for feedback position signals and two power wires of the motor 4, The wires are used to connect to the control circuit; this independent steering gear is suitable for installation in an aerospace model at a location remote from the receiver and control circuitry.
  • FIG. 6 is also an independent steering gear solution.
  • the complete independent servo can be fixed to the control circuit board, and the electrical contacts and motor contacts of the potentiometer are connected to the corresponding solder joints of the control circuit.
  • control circuit and the receiver of the remote control device, and the feedback loop of the potentiometer are all corresponding circuits in the prior art, and are not described herein again.

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一种用于航模的直线执行机构 技术领域
本发明涉及微型电动航空模型领域, 特别是涉及一种应用在微型航空模 型领域内的电动直线执行机构及其方法。 背景技术 书 本世纪初以来, 根据微型遥控模型直升机、 模型飞机的需要, 微型电动 动力直线的执行机构已有产品出现, 这种直线执行机构由于一开始主要用来 操作舵面, 控制模型的转向等动作, 因此一般被称为舵机, 随着技术的发展, 在航空模型里它也可以用来拉动发动机的油门、 起落架, 在汽车模型里则可 以用来拉动方向操纵机构,但其共同特征都是一种执行机构,是用来提供直线 运动的驱动装置, 它能利用某种驱动能源并在某种控制信号作用下做直线运 动。 微型直线执行机构的现有设计思路从结构上来说, 是在一个直线执行机 构的驱动电路的底板上, 分别固定直线执行机构的动力电机、 减速系统、 直 线电位器及传动臂。
中国专利 200720069025. 2公开了一种用于微型模型的结构简单、 重量较 轻的一种直线执行机构即舵机的具体结构, 但其动力电机部分也在驱动电路 板上占据相应位置, 机械结构的设计仍是传统的设计方法。 由于对于在空中 飞行的微型模型来说, 严格控制结构重量是设计中十分重要的技术要求, 对 于单一部件来说, 有时候就是减轻 0. 1 克都是要追求的。 而上述专利中, 直 线执行机构中的动力电机也在驱动电路板占有一定面积, 从而增加了驱动电 路板的整体面积, 需要进一步改进。
从工作原理的角度分析, 在现有技术中, 应用在模型中的直线执行机构 即舵机, 是一种具有单独控制电路的直线执行机构单元。 图 6 示意了一种常 见的遥控模型直升机的接收机和舵机组合工作原理, 如图 6所示, 可以看出, 遥控模型的接收机与舵机是相互独立的单元, 舵机拥有自己的独立控制电路 板, 如图 6中的舵机控制电路板虚线框所示, 这种舵机独立控制电路板中包 含舵机专用集成电路、 M0S (也可以是晶体管) 开关电路、 行程反馈电位器三 个模块组成, 接收机在操纵直线执行机构即舵机动作时, 发出操纵指令给舵 机的专用集成电路, 操纵指令是在每 20毫秒宽度的间隔中, 以 1. 5毫秒加或 减 0. 5毫秒的一串脉冲的信号 (脉冲宽度调制) 输入独立直线执行机构的专 用集成电路, 经直线执行机构专用集成电路处理以后驱动该直线执行机构的 电机, 通过减速系统驱动直线电位器, 直线电位器将位置信号反馈给驱动电 路, 实现比例控制, 最终由直线传动臂完成比例操纵指令。 各类控制信号混 控计算结果经过单片机以 PWM (Pules Width Modulation, 脉冲宽度调制) 信 号方式向管理动力电动机的 MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor, 金属氧化物 场效应管) 电路发出调速控制信号。 图 6 示意的系统有两组独立的直线执行 机构 (舵机), 这两组直线执行机构在模型直升机里是控制模型的前后运动和 模型的左右侧向运动。
当近几年流行微型模型直升机、 模型飞机以后, 对直线执行机构要求更 轻, 但囿于原先常规设计思路, 微型直线执行机构总体设计总体布局上仍保 留着原有格局。 发明内容 本发明要解决的技术问题是从机械结构的总体布局到具体结构零件及电 子线路布图都提高集成度, 达到总体减轻结构重量、 提高设备的可靠性, 以 适应微型模型飞机、 微型模型直升机对机载电子设备及执行机构的总体结构 的微小化、 结构重量轻型化的严格要求。
为了解决上述问题, 本发明提供 一种用于航模的直线执行机构, 包括底 板、 驱动部分、 传动部分和直线执行部分, 所述驱动部分与直线执行部分分 别安装在底板两侧; 其中, 所述底板可以为驱动电路板 (6) , 所述驱动部分包括电机 (2) 和电机座 (9) , 所述传动部分包括主动齿轮 (8) 、 从动齿轮 (7) , 所述直 线执行部分由箱体 (1) 、 螺杆 (4) 、 滑动组件 (5) 组成, 所述电机 (2) 放置在电机座 (9) 内, 电机的一端安装主动齿轮 (8) , 所述箱体 (1) 形成 导向滑槽 (3) , 所述螺杆 (4) 穿过箱体 (1) , 一端连接从动齿轮 (7) 并 与所述主动齿轮 (8) 相互啮合, 螺杆上安装滑动组件 (5) 。 其中, 所述滑动组件 (5) 可以由传动臂 51、 具有内螺紋的滑块 (52) 以 及具有梢孔 (54) 的球头 (53) 组成, 所述滑块 (52) 通过与螺杆 (4) 相配 合的内螺紋连接在螺杆上, 所述传动臂 (51) 通过球头 (53) 与具有球头套 的连杆可实现万向传动功能; 传动臂 (51) 上的梢孔 (54) 可通过具有梢子 的连杆实现传动功能; 其中, 所述螺杆可以是具有双环定位圈 (41a) 的防轴向移动结构; 进一步的,所述螺杆(4)的末端在螺杆加工工序中做出定位结构(41b), 而螺杆另一部在 (71b) 部分是与被动齿轮 (7) 的轴孔配合的结构, 实现螺 杆 (4) 在箱体 (1) 上的轴向定位功能; 其中, 所述滑动组件 (5) 通过电刷 (10) 跨接在电路板 (6) 上面的碳 膜 (61a, 61b) 和导电膜 (62a, 62b) 上实现电性连接;
进一步的, 所述底板 (6) 可以为遥控接收机的电子线路板, 所述电子线 路板包括 ( 1 )接收模块, 用于接收遥控器发射的控制信号并传送给中央处理器模 块;
( 2 ) 中央处理器模块, 用于对接收模块传送的控制信号完成信息解码、 模拟 /数字信号转换、 数据处理、 反馈信号数据比较, 并生成电机驱动信号;
( 3 ) 开关电路模块, 用于接收中央处理器的信号并控制直线执行机构中 电机的开通、 关闭, 以及所述驱动部分电机的调速;
(4 ) 位置反馈电位器, 用来反馈直线执行机构中传动臂的位置信号。 其中, 所述的中央处理器模块包括:
( 1 ) 数据解码处理模块, 用来将接收模块传来的控制信号进行解码;
( 2 ) 混控器模块, 用于将接收的信号进行混合控制运算;
( 3 ) 综合运算模块, 用于将接收到的操纵信号与各直线执行机构的传动 臂位置的反馈信号进行综合运算, 运算结果输入各电子调速器;
(4 ) 电子调速器模块, 用于将混控器模块的运算结果通过中央处理器模 块发出脉冲宽度调制信号经开关电路驱动相应电机, 以及根据综合运算模块 运算结果操纵对应的电子调速器, 驱动直线执行部分中的电机, 实现比例控 制操纵。
其中, 所述电子线路板上可以安装至少两组驱动部分、 传动部分和直线 执行部分的组合以实现模型的多通道控制; 其中, 所述的模型为双旋翼直升机或单旋翼直升机, 所述的电子线路板 上还包括电子陀螺模块, 用于自动检测绕模型竖轴的角速度, 并生成陀螺信 号输入所述的中央处理器模块。 本发明同时提供的一种用电位器反馈位置信号的航模舵机, 包括电机、 旋转式电位器、 丝杆、 机架和齿轮组,所述的电机与所述齿轮组中的主动齿轮 相连接,所述齿轮组中的被动齿轮与丝杆相连接, 所述的丝杆经调节装置与旋 转式电位器相连接, 通过这种结构, 电机轴转动时, 带动齿轮组中的主动轮 转动, 主动齿轮与被动齿轮啮合, 被动齿轮转动, 齿轮组可以选择一级传动 或多级传动, 被动齿轮转动时, 带动丝杆转动, 丝杆通过调节装置与旋转式 电位器相连接, 实现电位器阻值的变化, 电位器在各位置的阻值, 通过线路 反馈给控制电路, 根据设定程序控制电机的转动, 从而实现用电位器反馈位 置信号; 使用电位器代替现有技术中直接制作在控制电路板上的导电膜、 碳 膜, 用以反馈舵机行程位置信号, 把电位器、 直线传动机构、 舵机的动力电 机等集成在一起, 使其工作更加安全可靠, 精度大大提高, 安装效率高, 提 高电子设备一伺服机维护性能; 可以在机架上直接设置电机的固定装置, 也 可以单独设置电机的固定装置, 将其与机架通过螺丝或锁扣结构连接成整体, 也可以通过其他方式连接在一起。
根据本发明提供的用电位器反馈位置信号的航模舵机, 还具有如下附属 技术特征:
所述的调节装置包括电位器摇臂和直线输出传动块, 所述的电位器摇臂 包括电位器摇臂槽, 所述的直线输出传动块包括直线输出传动块圆柱, 所述 的直线输出传动块的内螺紋与所述的丝杆啮合, 所述的直线输出传动块圆柱 插入所述的电位器摇臂槽内, 所述的电位器摇臂与所述旋转式电位器的中心 轴相连接, 当直线输出传动块随着丝杆运动时, 这种结构不但可以保证直线 输出传动圆块的直线运动, 而且可以将直线输出传动块的直线运动转化为旋 转式电位器的中心轴的转动, 从而使得电位器的阻值发生变化。
所述的机架上设置有滑槽, 所述的直线输出传动块圆柱同时插入滑槽内, 此设置进一步地避免直线输出传动块圆柱发生位置偏离和直线输出传动块垂 直方向上的稳定,
所述直线输出传动块的结构包括直线输出传动臂销孔和直线输出球头型 万向绞接结构, 可以不同的传输方式输出伺服力矩, 满足不同的航空模型的 要求;
所述的旋转式电位器为圆形, 也可以根据需要设置成方形。
与所述的旋转式电位器相连接的电路为控制电路中的反馈回路, 当电位 器的阻值发生变化时, 通过反馈回路发出反馈信号, 这种反馈及时准确, 可 以实现自动控制。
与所述的旋转式电位器相连接的电路为控制电路中的反馈回路。
所述的控制电路包括舵机驱动电路, 遥控接收机电路, 姿态控制电路, 综合控制运算电路以及模型主动力驱动电路, 所述的五个电路有几种设置方 式, 第一种, 所述的五个电路可以全部设置在一块电路板上, 并与舵机进行 机械组合和电气连接, 第二种, 可以将舵机与舵机驱动电路进行机械结合后, 再与其他四个电路电气连接和机械组合, 第三种, 舵机与舵机驱动电路组成 一种有舵机驱动功能电路板的独立舵机, 该舵机通过三根导线与遥控接收机 电路、 姿态控制电路综合控制运算电路以及模型主动力驱动电路组成四合一 电路板连接的常规方案。 当然也可不用导线, 而是将电气接点直接焊接在四 合一电路板上的对应焊点上; 第四种, 舵机通过 5 根导线与包括有舵机驱动 电路、 遥控接收机电路、 姿态控制电路综合控制运算电路以及模型主动力驱 动电路組成板连接, 当然, 也可不用导线而是与五合一电路板上电路接点直 接焊接。
所述的机架固定在控制电路板上, 包括舵机的电机控制与驱动电路和反 馈回路, 所述的旋转式电位器的电气接点引出脚嵌入控制电路板的对应孔位 内, 与控制电路板上的反馈电路电气连接, 所述的电机与所述的电机驱动电 路相连, 所述的反馈回路和控制电路连接, 此种结构, 可以方便地拆开以检 查电位器单元器件, 实现较低成本的维护修理。 旋转式电位器的电气触点通 过焊接固定在控制电路板上, 焊接结构在航模舵机工作中, 焊接触点不易磨 损, 从而使用寿命长;
所述机架上设置有电位器底座、 锁扣,所述电位器底座上具有三个电位器 电气接点引出脚孔位, 所述电位器引出脚嵌入孔位,所述旋转式电位器由锁扣 固定在基座上。
所述的旋转式电位器的电气接点和电机的电路接点由导线引出与相应的 控制电路连接, 此种结构, 电机与电位器通过另设的导线与相应的控制电路 相连接。
按照本发明提供的用电位器反馈位置信号的航模舵机, 具有性能稳定可 靠, 而且结构简单, 精度高、 寿命长等优点。
与现有技术相比, 本发明提供的直线执行机构的取消了直线执行运动机 构中电机在电路底板上的占位, 突破了惯有的设计思路, 提高包括直线执行 机构在内的机载设备集成度, 在模型用直线执行机构即传统的直线舵机的结 构设计上力求结构上更合理和轻巧, 进一步的, 将多项功能性 , 结构集成, 合并生产工艺流程, 简化生产工艺, 使生产工艺更趋合理, 以适应微型飞行 器对机载设备的综合要求。 附图说明 图 1A是本发明直线执行机构正向立体示意;
图 1B是本发明直线执行机构倒置立体示意;
图 2是本发明螺杆、 直线输出传动臂组件、 箱体局部剖面结构示意; 图 3A是具有双环定位圈的防轴向移动结构的微型螺杆示意;
图 3B是螺杆末端具有定位圈的防轴向移动结构的微型螺杆示意; 图 3C是图 3B所示螺杆及直线输出传动臂和内螺紋滑块组件及箱体局部结 图 4A是电子线路板及直线执行机构双机位布局(正向)示意; 图 4B是电子线路板及直线执行机构驱动电机双机位布局(反向)示意; 图 5是电子线路板及双机位直线执行机构布局立体分解示意;
图 6是现有四合一电子接收系统方框图;
图 7是本发明的五合一数字电子接收系统方框图。 图 8是按本发明提供的用电位器反馈位置信号的航模舵机的一种实施方 式的爆炸图;
图 9是图 8的装配图;
图 10是机架、 直线传动输出臂结构示意图;
图 11是电位器及直线传动输出臂圆柱与两者连接摇臂的结构示意图; 图 12是独立舵机的机架及电位器锁扣结构示意图;
图 13是不带导线的独立舵机立体示意图;
图 14是带有导线的独立舵机的立体示意图。 图 1一图 7中零件标号:
1. 直线执行机构箱体
la 右直线执行机构箱体
lb 左直线执行机构箱体
11 a -一右直线执行机构箱体底座
11 b 左直线执行机构箱体底座
1 2 a -一右直线执行机构箱体上盖
1 2b 左直线执行机构箱体上盖
13 直线执行机构箱体上的螺杆轴孔
13a 右螺杆轴孔 (或半环示意)
13b 左螺杆轴孔 (或半环示意) 直线执行机构箱体的固定柱
14a 右直线执行机构箱体固定柱
14b 左直线执行机构箱体固定柱
直线执行机构的动力电机
2 a 右电机
2 b——左电机
导向槽
3 a—右导向槽
3b 左导向槽
——螺杆
4 a - 右螺杆
4 b——左螺杆
41 a 螺杆轴向限位双环结构
41b 螺杆末端轴向限位结构
直线运动输出传动臂和内螺紋滑块组件
5 a— 右直线运动输出传动臂和内螺紋滑块组件 5 b 左直线运动输出传动臂和内螺紋滑块组件1——直线运动输出传动臂
51 a -一右直线运动输出传动臂
51 b 左直线运动输出传动臂
2——内螺紋滑块
52 a - 右内螺紋滑块
52 b——左内螺紋滑块
53 直线运动输出传动臂传动球头
53 a——右球头 53 b——左球头
54一一直线运动输出传动臂的传动梢孔
54 a 一一右直线运动输出传动臂的传动梢孔
54 b 一一左直线运动输出传动臂的传动梢孔
6一--电子线路板
61 a - 一右碳膜
61b一一左碳膜
62 a -一右镀金铜膜
62 b一一左镀金铜膜
3一一直线直线执行机构箱体固定孔
63 a 一一右直线直线执行机构箱体固定孔
63 b一一左直线直线执行机构箱体固定孔
一一被动齿轮
7 a——右被动齿轮
7 b——左被动齿轮
-—-主动齿轮
8 a -一右主动齿轮
8 b——左主动齿轮
9——电机座套
9 a -一右电机座套
9 b—-左电机座套
1——电机座套上的螺杆卡位环的半轴孔嵌入块
91a 一一右电机座套上的螺杆卡位环的半轴孔嵌入块 91b一一左电机座套上的螺杆卡位环的半轴孔嵌入块 92a——右电机座套上的固定孔 92b 左电机座套上的固定孔
10——电刷
10 a 右电刷
10 b——左电刷
101——电机固定螺丝
101a——右电机固定螺丝
101b——左电机固定螺丝
102 限止螺杆轴向位移的轴套
102a——右轴套
102b——右轴套 具体实施方式 遥控模型所用的直线执行机构, 一般为独立舵机, 本发明的主要指导思 想是进一步提高模型的直线执行机构与其他系统特别是接收机系统的集成 度, 从机械结构及功能上都进行一定的集成, 进一步降低模型的重量和体积, 获取最佳的性能。
下面结合附图对本发明进一步详细的阐述。 在以下的说明中, 本说明书 将以遥控模型直升机作为一个具体实施例进行详细说明, 但这种说明只是示 意性的, 对这种具体模型的阐述并不能表明对本发明要求保护范围的限制, 本发明对固定翼模型飞机、 船模、 车模同样适用, 本发明的保护范围应以权 利要求书所要求保护的范围为准。 图 1A、 图 1B示意了本发明的一个具体实施例中, 一种直线执行机构的结 构和布局: 在电路板 6—面设置直线执行机构的箱体 1,这一面有相互啮合的 一级齿轮减速系统包括被动齿轮 7和主动齿轮 8、 螺杆 4、 内螺紋滑块、 传动 臂组件 5, 而直线执行机构的电机 2在电路板 6、 直线执行机构的箱体 1的背 面,电机无需在电路板 6 单独占位, 使直线执行机构的整体占位面积减小 30 %左右,有效减少了结构重量。 图 2中直线执行机构的减速系统局部剖面示意, 其中零件标号 51、 52、 53、 54为直线行走输出传动臂与内螺紋滑块组件的各功能示意, 结合图 1A可 看出传动臂 51在直线执行机构厢体的导向滑槽 3内作直线双向运动; 传动臂 和滑块组件上有与螺杆配合的具有内螺紋的滑块 52 ; 传动臂 51通过球头 53 与具有球头套的连杆可实现万向传动功能; 传动臂 51上的梢孔 54可通过具 有梢子的连杆实现传动功能。 在直线行走输出传动臂 5 的设计中, 由于将万 向传动功能的球头传动机构与转轴的梢孔结构的集成, 使一个直线行走传动 臂的传动功能适应航空模型的上述两种不同的传动方式的要求。
图 3A示意了微型螺杆的一种新型设计。 在大件螺杆设计中, 由于加工工 艺的要求, 不可能将很粗直径的棒材加工成具有固定端盖的螺杆, 而防止螺 杆轴向移动都是另加端盖固定在螺杆的头尾。 这种常见的设计思路仍在微型 直线执行机构中出现。 本发明的一个实施例中, 在微型螺杆被动齿轮端轴套 部分增设环形制动圈(环),取消了端盖, 在螺杆 4的一头具有阻止螺杆轴向移 动的环形定位槽 41, 省掉了常规设计中的在螺杆的另一头设置挡圈; 这定位 槽具体结构由两个定位环组成。 这种结构的优点在于这个定位槽是在螺杆加 工中同时完成的, 其优点、 还在于安装工艺性好, 被动齿轮在螺杆上的安装 可在一个安装工位, 用一套安装工具进行, 可保证有较大长度微型螺杆在齿 轮与螺杆紧配安装过程中不受损; 而且在减速箱体靠被动齿轮一头, 箱体从 螺杆轴心处分成上下两半, 上为箱盖, 下位底座 11 ; 对于微型直线执行机构, 本身机械尺寸就小, 较长的螺杆如果连穿两个微小轴孔安装工艺有难度, 进 度慢, 而本方案中螺杆只要穿一个小轴孔, 然后将螺杆、 定位槽入位, 将箱 盖与底座对合上即可。 微小型螺杆, 例如本发明上述实施例中涉及的微型螺 杆直径不到一毫米, 只要摆脱原来常规螺杆的设计思路, 向微型螺杆加工企 业提出如图 3A的设计,现代微型螺杆加工工艺中可同时制造出图 3A中 41A所 示的具有双环定位圈的防轴向移动结构, 并不会附加成本。 这种结构特点还 在于可用专用工夹具固定螺杆, 在螺杆 71a头部安装减速齿轮 7; 在 71a轴与 齿轮轴孔过盈配合的安装工序中, 利用工夹具可确保微型螺杆不弯曲受损。
结合图 5所示,电路板上有精确的直线执行机构的固定孔, 直线执行机构 的箱体固定柱 14a、 14b穿过电路板 6的固定孔 63a、 63b, 将箱体自身及电机 固定座 91a、 61b固定住, 而不再用螺钉固定, 可用溶剂、 胶水或将塑料柱 14 头部加热压铆的办法固定。 这种工艺不仅仅节省了螺钉, 最大的长处在于简 化了安装工艺、 提高了工效、 有利于提高微小型零件安装精度。 当然, 为了 可靠起见, 也可用固定螺丝 101a、 101b加强固定驱动电机。
本案的机械结构的设计, 充分研究了当前微型机械加工工艺水平和精密 注塑的技术水准, 从改善微型直线执行机构的安装工艺角度, 做出了结构设 计的改进。
当然, 根据上述的设计思路, 具体结构设计上仍有多种方案, 例如图 3B 示意了螺杆 4b的未端在螺杆加工工序中做出定位结构 41b, 而螺杆另一部在 71b部分是与被动齿轮 7的轴孔配合, 此结构在箱体上也能轴向定位, 图 3C 就示意了这种结构在箱体的结构, 只是安装工艺中有变化, 参考图 5 并对照 零件标号, 螺杆 4b小头在 71b端, 71b这端先穿进并伸进箱体内的轴孔 13, 后旋入滑块传动臂组件 5的内螺紋孔, 71b头部穿出箱体上的另一头轴孔后, 再安装被动齿轮 7, 以后的安装步骤与图 2所示的相同。螺杆上的 41b结构和 另一头后安装上去的齿轮, 起到限止螺杆轴向运动的作用 。
图 4A、 图 4B是一种在直升机遥控模型中使用的双机位直线执行机构在电 子线路板机上的布局示意, 图 5是这种具有双机位直线执行机构电子线路板的 立体分解示意图。 该实施方式中将直线执行机构的机械系统直接布局在遥控 接收机的电子线路板上, 与图 6的现有接收机和独立舵机的结构相比较, 该电 子线路板上集成了直升机遥控模型常见的无线电信号接收、 电子陀螺仪稳定、 混控器、 综合运算、 电子调速器以及直线执行机构的众多功能, 其最大特点 是, 将原先直线执行机构控制电路与接收机电子接收部分功能的电子线路都 集成在一块电子线路板上, 原先的独立执行机构与接收机间的联接导线、 接 插件均得已取消, 以前接收机把 1、 2通道的操纵信号以标准的 1. 5毫秒加减 0. 5 毫秒脉冲信号输出, 通过接插件传递给独立舵机, 这个信号在独立舵机里经 过舵机专用集成电路的处理然后来控制舵机传动臂的位置。 而在本具体实施 例中, 充分利用原来接收机电子线路板上的单片机强大的数据处理功能, 省 掉了原来舵机里的专用集成电路, 改变了原来电子板和舵机之间信号传递的 格式, 并在机械结构上, 将在原来电子线路板上独立占位的舵机用动力电机 安装在电子线路板的背面, 这样不仅降低了成本又减轻了重量和体积, 而且 加快了数据处理的速度又提高了控制精度, 不仅使微型遥控模型设备更小型 化、 遥控模型总体结构重量得己减轻, 更利于提高设备的可靠性, 有利于优 化模型直升机、 模型飞机的飞行性能。
图 7显示了本发明一个具体实施例中四通道模型直升机为例的这种集成 电子线路板结构的组成原理, 该电子线路板集成结构一般包括高频接收 1、解 码数据处理 2、 电子陀螺 3、 混控器 4、 数据比较 7、 电子调速器、 M0S开关 电路、 和直线执行机构的机械部分的行程反馈电位器和电动机。 其核心特点 是采用了当今发展速度最快、 应用范围最广、 体积小、 重量轻、 功能强的单 片机 (图内双点划线框), 机上的解码、 模拟 /数字转换、 数据处理、 反馈信 号数据比较、 电机驱动信号产生等所有的处理、 运算工作全部由它担当。 从逻辑层面的角度, 这种电子线路板集成结构集成了接收机和舵机的全 部功能, 所集成的模块至少应包括: (1 ) 接收模块, 用于接收遥控器发射的 控制信号并传送给中央处理器模块; (2 ) 中央处理器模块, 用于对接收模块 传送的控制信号完成信息解码、 模拟 /数字信号转换、 数据处理、 反馈信号数 据比较, 并生成电机驱动信号; (3 ) 开关电路模块, 用于接收中央处理器的 信号并控制直线执行机构中电机的开通、 关闭, 以及所述驱动部分电机的调 速; (4)位置反馈电位器模块,用来反馈直线执行机构中传动臂的位置信号。 在模型直升机中还应包括电子陀螺模块, 用于自动检测绕模型竖轴的角速度, 并将信号输入混控器。 其中所述的中央处理器模块又具体包括: (1 ) 数据解码处理模块, 用来 将接收模块传来的控制信号进行解码; (2 ) 混控器模块, 用于将接收的信号 进行混合控制运算; (3 ) 综合运算模块, 用于将接收到的操纵信号与各直线 执行机构的传动臂位置的反馈信号进行综合运算, 运算结果输入各电子调速 器; (4 ) 电子调速器模块, 用于将混控器模块的运算结果通过中央处理器模 块发出脉冲宽度调制信号经开关电路驱动相应旋翼或尾螺旋桨的动力电机, 以及根据综合运算模块的运算结果操纵对应的电子调速器, 驱动直线执行部 分中的电机, 实现比例控制操纵。 本实施例中所述的电子调速器实际上是由 单片机控制的 M0S管组成, 单片机发出电子调速信号后, 通过 M0S管调节电机 的转速。
由此可知, 该电子线路版主要集成了以下的功能:
1.无线电信号接收一接收遥控器发射的信息并且把这些信息解码成操纵 信号; 2.电子陀螺仪一自动检测绕模型竖轴的角速度,并将信号输入混控器; 3.混控器功能一操纵信号和陀螺信号的混合控制运算; 4.综合运算功能一把 接收到的操纵信号与各直线执行机构的传动臂位置的反馈信号进行综合运 算, 运算结果输入各电子调速器; 5.电子调速器功能, 包括以下两种功能, 即 a.把混控器的运算结果通过电子调速器驱动动力电动机; b. 根据综合运 算结果通过各操纵通道对应的电子调速器, 驱动各通道的执行机构里的电动 机, 通过直线执行机构的传动臂完成对各通道的操纵指令, 实现比例控制操 纵; 6.直线执行机构的机械部分, 即动力电机在电路板背面的直线执行机构。 这种集成结构仍然是按照一般的直升飞机遥控模型的工作原理来工作, 但由于直线执行机构进行了进一步的集成,上述功能 1里的解码功能和功能 3、 4、 5 的全部功能都要由单片机的一个集成电路来承担, 而不再有单独存在的 "舵机的驱动电路板", 也不再使用舵机的专用集成电路, 因此整个电子线路 板上集成了五合一的电子部分功能再加上直线执行机构的机械结构。 以四通道遥控模型直升飞机为例, 在具体在运行时, 高频信号经过第 1 部分 "高频接收" 电路转换成低频数据信号, 这些数据由第 2 部分单片机进 行解码, 分解成各个通道的操纵数据。 1通道、 2通道操纵数据进入第 7部分, 分别和它们的位置反馈电位器的信号进行比较, 然后分别利用第 8和第 9两 个 M0S电路来控制这第 10和第 11两个电动执行机构里电动机的转动, 当操 纵信号和位置反馈信号达到平衡状态的时候就停止电动机的转动, 这样就实 现这两个通道的比例操纵目的。 第 3部分电子陀螺的信号输入第 4部分混控 器, 3通道信号和 4通道的信号也输入混控器, 进行混控计算以后分别通过第 6和第 9M0S电路来控制上、 下旋翼电动机的转速, 这样就可以实现用 3通道 控制直升机的升降, 用 4通道控制直升机的方向。
在前述具体实施例中, 执行第 1通道和第 2通道操纵指令, 是计算机直 接把接收到的操纵控制的数字数据与直线电位器的位置反馈信号进行运算, 以后由计算机直接控制电子调速器驱动直线执行机构的电动机, 由该电动机 驱动直线电位器的滑块-传动臂组件, 最终由直线执行机构的传动臂完成比例 操纵指令。 第 4通道操纵控制信号和陀螺反馈信号以及第 3通道 (油门) 的 控制信号混控计算结果经过单片机以 PWM方式向管理动力电动机的 M0S电路 发出调速控制信号。 在实际应用中, 例如双旋翼直升机里是控制上下两组旋 翼的转速之差, 在单旋翼直升机里是控制主旋翼和尾螺旋桨的转速, 从而达 到控制飞行方向的目的。
本专利的无线遥控技术采用 2. 4G通讯标准,该标准的信号都是数码信号, 油门信号 +陀螺信号 +方向操纵信号就是方向控制信号, 当然是要按一定的比 例, 还要有一系列数字化处理。 参见图 8、 图 9, 图中标号分别为: 1为电路板, 11为与电位器 8的电气 接点引出脚 81对应的长方型孔位, 2为主动齿轮, 3为机架, 31为直条型滑 槽, 4为电机, 电机 4由电机座 33固定, 本实施方式中, 电机座 33与机架组 成为整体结构, 5为丝杆, 6为电位器摇臂, 61为电位器摇臂滑槽, 7为直线 输出传动块, 71为直线输出传动臂销孔, 72为直线输出传动臂球头, 73为直 线输出传动块圆柱, 8为电位器, 81为电位器 8的电气接点引出脚, 9为被动 齿轮。
舵机的机架 3固定在电路板 1上, 电位器 8的电气接点引出脚 81嵌入电 路板 1的对应孔位 11内, 电位器 8的电气接点引出脚 81与电路板 1上的电 路焊点焊接固定, 所述电位器 8的反馈回路和电机电路与控制电路连接。
电机 4转动, 经过主动齿轮 2和被动齿轮 9构成的一级减速传动齿轮组 传到丝杆 5, 丝杆 5与直线输出传动块 7内螺紋可转动啮合, 经过减速带动直 线输出传动块 7直线移动。
参见图 10、 图 11, 直线输出传动块 7下部凸出的传动块圆柱 73嵌入电 位器摇臂 6的槽 61内, 直线输出传动块圆柱 73在电位器摇臂槽 61内为可转 动的状态; 电位器摇臂 6绕电位器 8中心旋转, 电位器摇臂 6带动电位器 8 的中心轴旋转, 使电位器的阻值随着直线输出传动块 7 的运动而变化, 并将 不断变化中的电位器阻值通过控制反馈回路反馈给控制电路进而控制电机的 转动, 也就控制了直线输出传动块 7的行程和位置。 直线输出传动块圆柱 73 还插入所述的舵机机架上的滑槽 31,丝杆 5与舵机机架上的滑槽 31共同控制 直线输出传动块作直线运动, 此设置可避免直线输出传动块圆柱 73发生位置 偏离和传动臂垂直方向上的稳定,按本发明提供的产品的安装固定全部采用 机械安装固定, 机架 3通过螺钉固定在电路板上, 电位器 8的电气接点插入 电路板孔位 11定位并穿出电路板与电路焊点焊接, 更进一步, 电位器 8的电 气触点与控制电路相连接。
参照图 12、 图 13、 图 14, 机架 3a上有安装电位器的底座 34, 底座上有 对应于电位器的三个电气接点引出脚的长方型孔位 30,电位器电气接点 81嵌 入底座长方型孔位 30, 底座的三个锁扣 32固定电位器 8; 图 7的独立舵机有 导线引出, 该导线中有反馈位置信号的三根导线和两根电机 4 的动力电线, 通过导线用于与控制电路连接; 这种独立舵机宜于安装在远离接收机、 控制 电路的位置的航空模型。
这种实施方式有利于舵机维修; 由于电位器 8和直线运动组件是易损的 部件, 而独立舵机可以做到单独维修或更换, 从而有效降低维护的技术难度, 可以做到经销商或爱好者自行维修。 图 6 也是一种独立舵机方案, 该完整的 独立舵机可以与控制电路板固定, 而电位器的电气接点和电机接点与控制电 路相应的焊点连接。
其中, 所述的控制电路与遥控设备的接收机, 以及电位器的反馈回路, 都是使用现有技术中的相应电路, 在此不再赘述。
虽然通过实施例描绘了本发明, 但本领域普通技术人员知道, 在不脱离 本发明的精神和实质的情况下, 就可使本发明有许多变形和变化, 本发明的 范围由所附的权利要求来限定。 例如, 在固定翼模型飞机中, 集成的电子线 路板中可能不需要有电子陀螺仪模块, 因此本发明所要求保护的范围应以权 利要求书为准。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种用于航模的直线执行机构, 包括底板、 驱动部分、 传动部分和直 线执行部分, 其特征在于所述驱动部分与直线执行部分分别安装在底板上下 两侧。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的直线执行机构, 其特征在于所述底板为驱动电路 板 (6) , 所述驱动部分包括电机 (2) 和电机座 (9) , 所述传动部分包括主 动齿轮 (8) 、 从动齿轮 (7) , 所述直线执行部分由箱体 (1) 、 螺杆 (4) 、 滑动组件 (5) 组成, 所述电机 (2) 放置在电机座 (9) 内, 电机的一端安装 主动齿轮 (8) , 所述箱体 (1) 形成导向滑槽 (3) , 所述螺杆 (4) 穿过箱 体 (1) , 一端连接从动齿轮 (7) 并与所述主动齿轮 (8) 相互啮合, 螺杆上 安装滑动组件 (5) 。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的直线执行机构, 其特征在于所述滑动组件 (5) 由 传动臂 (51) 、 具有内螺紋的滑块 (52) 以及具有梢孔 (54) 的球头 (53) 组成, 所述滑块 (52) 通过与螺杆 (4) 相配合的内螺紋连接在螺杆上, 所述 传动臂 (51) 通过球头 (53) 与具有球头套的连杆可实现万向传动功能; 传 动臂 (51) 上的梢孔 (54) 可通过具有梢子的连杆实现传动功能。
4、 如权利要求 2-4所述的直线执行机构, 其特征在于所述螺杆具有双环 定位圈 (41a) 的防轴向移动结构。
5、 如权利要求 2-4所述的直线执行机构, 其特征在于所述螺杆 (4) 的末 端在螺杆加工工序中做出定位结构 (41b) , 而螺杆另一部在 (71b) 部分是 与被动齿轮 (7) 的轴孔配合的结构, 实现螺杆 (4) 在箱体 (1) 上的轴向定 位功能。
6、 如权利要求 2-5所述的直线执行机构, 其特征在于所述滑动组件 (5 ) 通过电刷 (10 ) 跨接在电路板 (6 ) 上面的碳膜 (61a、 61b ) 和导电膜 (62a、 62b ) 上实现电性连接。
7、 如权利要求 2-6所述的直线执行机构, 其特征在于所述底板 (6 ) 为遥 控接收机的电子线路板, 所述电子线路板上包括
( 1 )接收模块, 用于接收遥控器发射的控制信号并传送给中央处理器模 块;
(2 ) 中央处理器模块, 用于对接收模块传送的控制信号完成信息解码、 模拟 /数字信号转换、 数据处理、 反馈信号数据比较, 并生成电机驱动信号;
(3 ) 开关电路模块, 用于接收中央处理器的信号并控制直线执行机构中 电机的开通、 关闭, 以及所述驱动部分电机的调速;
(4) 位置反馈电位器, 用来反馈直线执行机构中传动臂的位置信号。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的直线执行机构, 其特征在于所述的中央处理器模 块包括:
( 1 ) 数据解码处理模块, 用来将接收模块传来的控制信号进行解码;
(2 ) 混控器模块, 用于将接收的信号进行混合控制运算;
(3 ) 综合运算模块, 用于将接收到的操纵信号与各直线执行机构的传动 臂位置的反馈信号进行综合运算, 运算结果输入各电子调速器;
(4) 电子调速器模块, 用于将混控器模块的运算结果通过中央处理器模 块发出脉冲宽度调制信号经开关电路驱动相应电机, 以及根据综合运算模块 运算结果操纵对应的电子调速器, 驱动直线执行部分中的电机, 实现比例控 制操纵。
9、 如权利要求 7、 8所述的直线执行机构, 其特征在于所述电子线路板上 安装至少两组驱动部分、 传动部分和直线执行部分的组合以实现模型的多通 道控制。
10、 如权利要求 7-9所述的直线执行机构, 其特征在于所述的模型为双旋 翼直升机或单旋翼直升机, 所述的电子线路板上还包括电子陀螺模块, 用于 自动检测绕模型竖轴的角加速度, 并生成陀螺信号输入所述的中央处理器模 块。
11、一种用电位器反馈位置信号的航模舵机,其特征在于:包括电机(4)、 旋转式电位器 (8)、 丝杆 (5)、 机架 (3) 和齿轮组,所述的电机 (4) 与所述 齿轮组中的主动齿轮 (2) 相连接,所述齿轮组中的被动齿轮 (9) 与丝杆 (5) 相连接, 所述的丝杆 (5) 经调节装置与旋转式电位器 (8) 相连接。
12、 根据权利要求 11 所述的用电位器反馈位置信号的航模舵机, 其特 征在于: 所述的调节装置包括电位器摇臂 (6) 和直线输出传动块 (7), 所述 的电位器摇臂 (6) 包括电位器摇臂槽 (61), 所述的直线输出传动块 (7) 包 括直线输出传动块圆柱 (73), 所述的直线输出传动块 (7) 的内螺紋与所述 的丝杆 (5) 啮合, 所述的直线输出传动块圆柱 (73) 插入所述的电位器摇臂 槽 (61) 内, 所述的电位器摇臂 (6) 与所述旋转式电位器 (8) 的中心轴相 连接。
13、 根据权利要求 12 所述的电位器反馈位置信号的航模舵机, 其特征 在于: 所述的机架 3上设置有滑槽 (31), 所述的直线输出传动块圆柱 (73) 同时插入滑槽 (31)内。
14、 根据权利要求 12 所述的电位器反馈位置信号的航模舵机, 其特征 在于: 所述直线输出传动块 (73) 的结构包括直线输出传动臂销孔 (71) 和 直线输出球头型万向绞接结构 (72)。
15、 根据权利要求 12 中所述的电位器反馈位置信号的航模舵机, 其特 征在于: 所述的旋转式电位器 (8) 为圆形。
16、 根据权利要求 12 所述的电位器反馈位置信号的航模舵机, 其特征 在于: 与所述的旋转式电位器 (8) 相连接的电路为控制电路中的反馈回路。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的电位器反馈位置信号的航模舵机, 其特征 在于: 所述的控制电路包括舵机驱动电路, 遥控接收机电路, 姿态控制电路, 综合控制运算电路以及模型主动力驱动电路。
18、 根据权利要求 11-17中任意一项所述的电位器反馈位置信号的航模 舵机, 其特征在于: 所述的机架 (3)固定在控制电路板(1)上, 括电机控制与 驱动电路和反馈回路, 所述的旋转式电位器 (8)的电气接点引出脚 (81)嵌入控 制电路板(1)的对应孔位(11)内, 与控制电路板(1)上的反馈电路电气连接, 所述的电机 (4 ) 与所述的电机驱动电路相连, 所述的反馈回路和控制电路连 接。
19、 根据权利要求 11-17任意一项所述的电位器反馈位置信号的航模舵 机, 其特征在于: 所述机架 (3)上具体有电位器底座 (34)、 锁扣(32),所述电 位器底座(34)上具有三个电位器电气接点弓 I出脚孔位 (30), 所述电位器弓 I出 脚 (81)嵌入孔位 (30),所述旋转式电位器 (8)由锁扣(32)固定在基座 (34)上。
20、 根据权利要求 19所述的电位器反馈位置信号的航模舵机, 其特征 在于: 所述的旋转式电位器 (8 ) 的电气接点和电机的电路接点由导线引出与 相应的控制电路连接。
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