WO2011038450A1 - Génération d'électricité solaire - Google Patents

Génération d'électricité solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011038450A1
WO2011038450A1 PCT/AU2010/001274 AU2010001274W WO2011038450A1 WO 2011038450 A1 WO2011038450 A1 WO 2011038450A1 AU 2010001274 W AU2010001274 W AU 2010001274W WO 2011038450 A1 WO2011038450 A1 WO 2011038450A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concentrator
concentrator according
transducer
solar
sunlight
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2010/001274
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul Andre Guignard
Original Assignee
Paul Andre Guignard
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2009904706A external-priority patent/AU2009904706A0/en
Application filed by Paul Andre Guignard filed Critical Paul Andre Guignard
Publication of WO2011038450A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011038450A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to electricity generation using sunlight, and in particular to light concentrators for solar panels and solar panels incorporating them.
  • Solar panel technology involves solar panels designed to convert sunlight into electricity, for instance using photovoltaic material. Solar panels are installed on roofs or at other locations where there is good sunlight, so as to maximise the amount of light reaching the panels and the electricity generated. Photovoltaic material generates most electricity when light reaches it perpendicular to the surface of the panel so the panels are generally oriented to face the noon sun.
  • the photovoltaic material is usually covered by a protective sheet of transparent plastic or glass. It is possible to incorporate lenses to concentrate the sunlight reaching the photovoltaic material. However, except for large scale installations, this has been found to be of limited effectiveness. This is mainly due to two factors:
  • a second problem is that lenses work best with light coming from one direction only. Unfortunately, in practice, natural light does not always come directly from the sun but can be diffused or scattered by the atmosphere, clouds or fog.
  • the invention comprises a concentrator for collecting and guiding sunlight to a transducer that converts it to electricity.
  • the concentrator comprising:
  • a pair of adjacent solid elongate transparent elements having a refractive index greater than air.
  • Each of the elements has a transparent upper surface, a mirrored lower surface and an output surface that is smaller than the upper surface and substantially perpendicular to it.
  • the arrangement being such that the two output surfaces of the pair of adjacent elements sandwich an optical/electrical transducer between them to deliver concentrated solar radiation to both sides of the transducer.
  • the photovoltaic layer may be bifacial or may be made of two monofacial 'layers' back to back.
  • the invention possesses very significant advantages over known ways of generating electricity using solar panels based on photovoltaic effects.
  • the invention reduces the amount of electricity generating material required per surface area exposed to sunlight.
  • the surface area of the electricity generating material is the same as that of the area exposed to sun light. The reason is that there has been no simple, effective and low cost way of collecting and concentrating light from a wide variety of directions and intensities onto a smaller area. The invention addresses this problem.
  • the upper and lower surfaces are shaped and arranged relative to each other such that some of the sunlight that enters the upper surface is refracted as it passes through it and is then reflected from the lower surface before reaching the output surface. Between being reflected from the lower surface and exiting the output surface a proportion of the sunlight is also totally internally reflected from the upper surface. This proportion of the sunlight may be reflected from the lower surface or the upper surface, or both, more than once before exiting the output surface.
  • the device can accept incoming rays across its entire upper surface and from all angles.
  • the concentration factors achieved are typically between 3 and 6, without the use of sun tracking equipment.
  • the invention has important applications for solar panel technology, for small and large scale installations.
  • the concentrator has a flat top with the transparent upper surface of both elements being flat and arranged in the same plane.
  • each element which are symmetrical, may be shaped with curved part in the centre of the concentrator, the curve being in the general shape of an arc of a circle with a centre offset above the flat top of the other element. This spreads the guided solar rays along the surface of the transducer.
  • the mirrored surface may be flat. Further, between the flat part and the circular part there may be another curved part that has the curve in the general shape of a parabola with its focal point above the flat top of the other element. This spreads the guided solar rays along the surface of the transducer.
  • the two focal points may not be co-located but separated from each other.
  • the centres may not be above the elements but inside the other element.
  • the surface area for the electricity generating material required is reduced by a factor of 3 to more than 6. This means that for each square meter exposed to sunlight, only 20% or less of a square meter of electricity generating material is required. This is very significant as electricity generating material is costly and contributes significantly to the fact that renewable solar electricity is currently more expensive to produce than electricity generated from traditional coal fired power stations for example.
  • the invention can make solar electricity significantly more affordable for industrial and home uses.
  • the light collecting and guiding elements can be used in conjunction with a large variety of electricity generating materials.
  • the main application areas of the invention are solar panels such as those installed on roofs for example and also larger installations where it can be used to replace the light tracking machinery that is needed with traditional lenses to keep the light focused throughout the day on a smaller area of photovoltaic material.
  • the optical/electrical transducer may be a thin flat layer or may be of a different shape or composition.
  • the transducer layer may comprise a set of rods or spheres (beads) embedded in the transducer layer.
  • the embedded rods or spheres may be arranged regularly in a line, or pseudo randomly along the line.
  • the invention is a solar panel comprising plural of the concentrators arranged side by side.
  • each element may be arranged to guide solar light to a transducer sandwiched between it and an adjacent element.
  • the panels may comprise more than one set of plural concentrators arranged side by side. In this case the concentrators of each set may be offset from each other. This may be useful for making the panels self-cleaning.
  • Heat sink material may also be incorporated into the panels.
  • Fig. 1(a) is a diagram of a photovoltaic electricity generating panel made up of components.
  • Fig. 1(b) is one of the components of Fig. 1(a).
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1, showing its internal arrangement.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram of a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1 showing one half of the concentrator and how it guides solar rays received at a first angle onto the target area.
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram of a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1 showing one half of the concentrator and how it guides solar rays received at a second angle onto the target area.
  • Fig. 6 is a diagram of a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1 showing one half of the concentrator and how it guides solar rays received at a particular point over a range of angles onto the target area.
  • Fig. 7(a) is a diagram of a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1 showing an alternative design for the concentrator.
  • Fig. 7(b) is a diagram of a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1 showing another alternative design for the concentrator.
  • Fig. 7(c) is a diagram of a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1 showing the tulip shape concentrator of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 7(d) is a diagram of a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1 showing a further alternative design for the concentrator.
  • Fig. 8(a) is a diagram of a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1 showing a flat top concentrator shaped to have a wide angle of reception.
  • Fig. 8(b) is a diagram of the concentrator of Fig. 8(a) marked to help explain how it is designed to operate with total internal reflection.
  • Fig. 8(c) is a diagram of the concentrator of Fig. 8(a) marked to help explain how it is designed to operate with direct reflection.
  • Figs. 9 (a) to (f) are diagrams of the concentrator of Figs. 8, showing how incident solar radiation is collected and guided by the concentrator from a wide variety of angles of incidence and two different points of incidence.
  • Fig. 10(a) is a pictorial view of a solar panel with components arranged in a North-South orientation.
  • Fig. 10(b) is a pictorial view of a solar panel with components arranged in the East- West orientation.
  • Fig. 11(a) is a pictorial view of a solar panel with components arranged in a North-South orientation showing the range of sunlight received in the North- South plane during the seasons of the year.
  • Fig. 11(b) is a pictorial view of a solar panel with components arranged in a North-South orientation showing the range of sunlight received in the East- West plane during each day.
  • Fig. 12 is a diagram of a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1 showing a concentrator shaped intermediate those shown in Figs. 3 and 8.
  • Fig. 13 is a diagram of a solar panel comprising an arrangement of two banks of the concentrators of Fig. 12.
  • Fig. 14(a) is a diagram of a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1 showing a flat top concentrator with a rod-shaped transducer.
  • Fig. 14(b) is a diagram of a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1 showing a flat top concentrator with a set of rod-shaped transducers arranged regularly.
  • Fig. 14(c) is a diagram of a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1 showing a flat top concentrator with a sphere-shaped transducer.
  • Fig. 14(d) is a diagram of a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1 showing a flat top concentrator with a set of bead- or rod-shaped transducers arranged randomly.
  • Fig. 15(a) is a diagram of a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1 showing a flat top concentrator with a tilt corresponding to the latitude.
  • Fig. 15(b) is a diagram of a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1 showing a flat top concentrator with a tilt corresponding to the latitude +/- 10 degrees.
  • Fig. 15(c) is a diagram of a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1 showing a flat top concentrator with a tilt corresponding to the latitude +1-20 degrees.
  • Fig. 15(d) is a diagram of a cross-section through one of the components of Fig. 1 showing a flat top concentrator with a tilt corresponding to the latitude +/- 30 degrees.
  • a panel 10 can be seen to be made up from component modules 12.
  • Fig. 1(b) shows a single component.
  • a rectangular framework 14 holds all the components 12 together in a large flat panel 10. In use the upper surface is exposed to collect sunlight.
  • the number of components inside the frame can vary as can the length and width of each component.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross- section through a component 12.
  • a 'concentrator' 20 which collects and guides the sunlight 22 received through the top face of the component, from above.
  • the cross-section of the concentrator 20 is tulip-shaped with two symmetrical halves 24 and 26 which are made from a material with a refraction index larger than that of air; typically glass or Perspex.
  • Fig. 3 the corners of the component 12 have been labelled A, B, C and D, and the apexes of the 'tulip' shape have been labelled with the capital letters A, B, E and F. Using this notation the component and concentrator will be explained:
  • the dotted line 30 extending from A to B represents the upper face of the panel facing sun light. This face may be covered, for instance by a glass or perspex sheet. However, the dotted line simply shows the 'upper boundary' of the concentrator, which could be open.
  • the curve A to E, and the curve B to E represent the transparent upper surfaces 32 and 33 of each half of the concentrator 20.
  • the curve A to F, and B to F represent the mirrored lower surfaces 34 and 35 of each half of the concentrator 20.
  • the line E to F is the target area 36 to which the concentrator 20 guides the solar rays received by the concentrator. Guiding the Collected Sunlight
  • sunlight 22 is received at an angle of 20° to the horizontal.
  • One particular solar ray 40 passes through the upper face 30 of component 12 and arrives at point 41 on the transparent upper surface 32 of the left element of concentrator 20. Ray 40 is refracted as it enters the transparent surface of the concentrator at point 41.
  • ray 40 travels to the mirrored lower surface 34 and arrives at point 42. Here ray 40 is reflected by the mirror.
  • Ray 40 then travels through the concentrator again and arrives at the transparent upper surface 32 at point 43.
  • ray 40 is again reflected even though the surface 32 is transparent.
  • the shapes of the curves and the angles of the upper and lower surfaces 32 and 34 are designed and arranged to ensure total internal reflection.
  • Ray 40 travels again to the mirrored lower surface 34 and arrives at point 44. Here ray 40 is again reflected by the mirror.
  • ray 40 travels to the target area 36 where it arrives at point 45.
  • the target area 36 comprises a sheet of photovoltaic material which absorbs ray 40 and converts it to electrical energy.
  • Table 1 below summarises the interactions of an incoming ray 40
  • Fig. 5 shows how an incoming ray 50 close to the vertical interacts with the concentrator 20.
  • ray 50 enters through the upper face 30 of component 12 and arrives at point 51 on the transparent upper surface 32 of the left element of concentrator 20.
  • Ray 50 is refracted as it enters the transparent surface of the concentrator at point 51.
  • ray 50 travels to the mirrored lower surface 34 and arrives at point 52.
  • ray 50 is reflected by the mirror. From the mirror ray 50 travels to the target area 36 where it arrives at point 53.
  • Fig. 6 shows how a range of incoming rays are collected and guided towards the target area by concentrator 20. All of the rays that enter the collector are refracted as they enter, and all are reflected from the mirrored lower surface 34. Some of the reflected rays go directly to the target area 36; others are totally internally reflected from the transparent upper surface 32 of concentrator on their way.
  • Rays from any angle bounded by the dotted lines 60 and 62 can enter the top of component 12 and arrive at point 64 on the transparent upper surface 32 of the left element 24 of concentrator 20. Rays from the left at a lower angle than ray 62 may hit the right element 26 of the concentrator (not shown); these rays cannot reach point 64 on the left element 24. It will be appreciated that rays impacting concentrator 20 closer to the upper apex, point A, will be received over a wider range of angles than the angle 60-62. Whereas rays impacting close to the bottom of the trough near point E will only be received over a narrow range of angles.
  • the concentrator 20 is able to collect rays from nearly 0 to 180 degrees, that is every ray that enters the top of component 12, and guide them onto the target area 36.
  • the photovoltaic material at the target area 36 may absorb solar radiation on both sides; that is rays that are received from both elements 24 and 26 of the concentrator 20.
  • the concentration factor C of the concentrator (one element) can be calculated by comparison with flat plate systems.
  • C is given by:
  • a - B represents the upper face 30 of the component
  • E - F represents the target area 36.
  • the concentration factor provides a measure of the improvement compared to a flat plate system having an area equal to A - B catching the same amount of light. When both elements 32 and 33 are used light can reach the target area from either element and the amount of light guided to the target area is doubled.
  • Fig. 7(a) shows a cross-section where the target area 36 is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the concentrator, the upper transparent surface 32 of the concentrator is straight and the lower mirrored surface 34 comprises a straight side arranged at an angle of slightly greater than 90° to the target area.
  • Fig. 7(b) shows a cross-section where the upper transparent surface 32 of the concentrator is straight and the lower mirrored surface 34 is curved.
  • Fig. 7(c) shows a cross-section having the familiar tulip shape.
  • Fig. 7(d) shows a cross-section where the sides are slightly tapered in towards the bottom.
  • the target area is on the lower half of the outer side of the concentrator; between El and D/Fl, and E2 and C/F2.
  • the upper transparent surface 32 of the concentrator is straight.
  • a first straight mirrored surface 34(a) is arranged on the upper half of the outer sides of the concentrator; between El and A.
  • a second mirrored surface 34(b) extends from D/Fl to G.
  • the straight transparent surface 32 and the straight mirrored surface 34(a) could be curved as shown in Fig. 7(c).
  • variations of the cross-section of the concentrator can be generated by replacing straight or curved sides with a greater number of straight or curved facets, or a mixture of both.
  • the design of Fig. 7(b) could be varied to replace the straight upper surface with two straight segments angled differently with respect to the horizontal.
  • the lower surface could also be made in two segments but with a rounded part towards the bottom and either a rounded or sharp transition to a straight segment that extends to meet the upper surface.
  • both surfaces could be continuously curved.
  • these shapes may make it possible to have a slightly higher concentration factor and at the same time control the overall thickness of the component, and the amount of material used in the manufacturing process.
  • Figs. 8 show the cross-section of a concentrator 20 with a flat top.
  • the transparent upper surface 32 and 33 of both elements of the concentrator are flat and arranged in the same horizontal plane.
  • the lower mirror surfaces 34 and 35 are symmetrical and only one side will be described for the sake of simplicity.
  • Lower mirror surface 34 is curved in the region of 34(a) between points G and F in the arc of a circle, and straight 34(b) between points A and G.
  • the target area 36 is arranged vertically, and is sandwiched between the two halves 24 and 26 of the concentrator.
  • Fig. 8(a) shows a ray 80 arriving at point 81 on upper surface 32 at an angle of 40° from the horizontal. Here it is refracted as it enters the concentrator. It meets the lower mirrored surface 34 at point 82 and is reflected back to the upper surface 32 at point 83 where it undergoes total internal reflection. Finally, it arrives at the target area 36, at point 84.
  • concentration factors for this variant made from perspex and glass are 2.96 and 3.034 respectively, for rays coming from any direction.
  • angle E-A-G must be the same as angle G-E-F (the refracted angle for an incident angle of 90 degrees). For perspex this angle (using Snell's law) is 42.507 degrees.
  • the incident angle (with reference to the vertical) at point 81 is i 1
  • Refracted angle at point 81 is i 2
  • incoming rays hitting point E at incident angles less than 90° are refracted as they enter the concentrator and then reflected on the curved surface G - F. Once reflected, they must hit the target area, below point E, where the photovoltaic material is located. If the curve G - F is a circle arc with centre located at E, then all incoming rays entering at point E are refracted, reflected and then hit the photovoltaic target at point E. This could cause heat problems at this point.
  • curve G - F can be designed so that the incoming rays entering at point E are refracted and reflected on curve G - F to point El. It will be appreciated that other positions for El are possible, for example, or slightly higher or lower or more to the right. This has the effect of distributing the reflected rays over a range of the target area 36 instead of concentrating them on point E, and thus reduces any hot spot problem. This leads to a slight reduction of the concentration factor as the distance - F is slightly greater than the distance E - F.
  • the concentration factor for one element of the concentrator 24 or 26 is:
  • Refraction index of air is n
  • Refraction index of light guide (glass or perspex for example) is r 2
  • the concentration factors are directly related to the values of the refraction indices of air and the material the concentrator is made of.
  • concentration factors for concentrators made from perspex and glass are 2.96 and 3.034 respectively. In practice the concentration factors are likely to be slightly less.
  • the maximum sin i 2 can be less and the concentration factor higher.
  • Figs. 9 (a) to (f) show how incident solar radiation is collected and guided by the concentrator of Figs. 8, from a wide variety of angles of incidence and two different points of incidence. In Figs. 9(a), (c) and (e) from near the edge, and in Figs. 9 (b), (d) and (f) from near the centre.
  • the panels 10 made using the concentrators that have been described are not rotationally symmetrical, and unlike conventional panels their performance can be optimised for different azimuth angles.
  • the azimuth is 0 degrees.
  • the azimuth is 90 degrees.
  • the possible angles the incoming rays can take with respect to the perpendicular to the panel are from -23.5 degrees to +23.5 degrees in the North-South direction as the sun moves in the course of a year; see Fig. 11(a). Also, the possible angles the incoming rays can take with respect to the perpendicular to the panel, are from and -90 degrees to +90 degrees in the East- West direction as the sun moves each day; see Fig. 11(b).
  • the optical component azimuth angle impacts on the incoming angles of the rays received by the components 12. In the case of Fig.
  • azimuth angle 0 the sun will move, across the cross-section of the concentrator, from -90 to +90 degrees during the course of each day.
  • azimuth angle 90 degrees the sun transverses an angle, across the cross-section of the concentrator, of -23.5 to +23.5 degrees each year. This has an impact on the optimal design of the optical concentrator.
  • the concentration factor is ⁇ 4.12 for perspex. This is the maximum concentration factor for fixed panels with flat top positioned optimally with elevation equal to the latitude of the panel location.
  • the panels and components, as the others, are fixed (no sun tracking apparatus) but could also operate with tracking.
  • the lower mirrored surface A - F has three sections: parts A - Gl, Gl - G2 and G2 - F.
  • Part A - Gl is a straight line with angle H-A-Gl such that rays entering the segment A - H at an incident angle not greater than 32 degrees (in this example) are refracted, reflected on segment A - Gl, undergo total reflection on segment A - E and then hit the target E - F.
  • some rays can be reflected on segment A - Gl and totally reflected on segment A - E more than once.
  • rays may reflect on segment H - E or curves Gl - G2 or G2 - F before hitting the target E - F.
  • Part Gl - G2 is a paraboloid shape with focal point E. All rays entering at maximum angle between H and E are then reflected between Gl and G2 and hit the focal point at E (the rays to consider in calculating the paraboloid shape are the dashed rays).
  • Part G2 - E is an arc circle with centre at point E, as explained with reference to Fig. 8(c).
  • the paraboloid shape Gl - G2 can be designed so that the focal point is at point El instead of E. This has the effect of distributing the rays onto a larger part of the segment E - F.
  • the components can be covered by a flat sheet of perspex or glass joining the points A and B.
  • each panel in Fig. 13 could also be less than 90 degrees so as to accentuate the effective slope draining the water (each panel then becomes a parallelogram or rhomboid instead of a rectangle).
  • the photovoltaic layer is the photovoltaic layer
  • the concentrator as described above comprises an optical/electrical transducer in the target zone between its elements.
  • This transducer may be a thin flat layer or may be of a different shape or composition.
  • Fig 14 shows a sample of different possible cross sections for the photovoltaic layer in a flat top concentrator as illustration.
  • the transducer layer may comprise a rod 30, as shown in Fig. 14(a) or a set of rods 32, as shown in Fig.
  • the rods or spheres may be arranged regularly, as shown in Fig. 14(b) or pseudo randomly in the target area, as shown in Fig. 14(d).
  • the rods may have rectangular or circle-like cross-section.
  • panels could be produced that are optimised for certain offsets; that is the difference between the panel tilt and the latitude of the location, as illustrated in Figs. 15.
  • Figs. 15 (a), (b), (c) and (d) shows the cross-section of the concentrator for offsets equal to 0, 10 degrees, 20 degrees and 30 degrees, respectively.
  • the acceptance angle for incoming light is shown above the concentrators, with angle (aa) being equal to 2* 23.5.
  • the straight line represents the most demanding incoming angle for each side of the concentrator (this means that all other rays within the acceptance opening would automatically reach the target photovoltaic material).
  • the most demanding incoming rays determine the opening angle (co) of each concentrating element and hence its concentration factor. It can be seen that the two elements in the concentrator, when an offset is present, are not identical. This results in an asymmetrical concentrator with a concentration factor that increases with the offset angle.
  • the acceptance angle may be increased so that a panel may be suitable for a range of offsets (say from +/- 10 degrees to +/- 20 degrees); this would lead to a slight reduction in the concentration factor.
  • the considerations above apply to other concentrator designs, such as those shown in Fig. 7 and 12. and to azimuth not equal to 90 degrees.

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Abstract

L'invention porte sur la génération d'électricité à l'aide de la lumière du soleil, et en particulier porte sur des concentrateurs de lumière pour panneaux solaires et sur des panneaux solaires incorporant ceux-ci. L'invention comprend un concentrateur destiné à collecter et à guider la lumière du soleil vers un transducteur qui la convertit en électricité. Le concentrateur comprend une paire d'éléments transparents allongés solides adjacents ayant un indice de réfraction supérieur à celui de l'air. Chacun des éléments a une surface supérieure transparente, une surface inférieure réfléchissante et une surface de sortie plus petite que la surface supérieure et sensiblement perpendiculaire à celle-ci. L'agencement est tel que les deux surfaces de sortie de la paire d'éléments adjacents prennent en sandwich entre elles un transducteur optique/électrique afin de délivrer un rayonnement solaire concentré aux deux côtés du transducteur. Selon un autre aspect, l'invention porte sur un panneau solaire comprenant une pluralité de concentrateurs disposés côte à côte. Dans ce cas, chaque élément peut être disposé de façon à guider la lumière du soleil vers un transducteur pris en sandwich entre lui-même et un élément adjacent.
PCT/AU2010/001274 2009-09-29 2010-09-29 Génération d'électricité solaire WO2011038450A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2009904706 2009-09-29
AU2009904706A AU2009904706A0 (en) 2009-09-29 Solar electricity generating apparatus with light collector
AU2009905999A AU2009905999A0 (en) 2009-12-09 Solar electricity generating apparatus with light collector
AU2009905999 2009-12-09
AU2010901425A AU2010901425A0 (en) 2010-04-02 Solar electricity generating apparatus with light collector
AU2010901425 2010-04-02

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WO2011038450A1 true WO2011038450A1 (fr) 2011-04-07

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EP2999003A1 (fr) * 2014-09-22 2016-03-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Module de cellule solaire

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WO2007084518A2 (fr) * 2006-01-17 2007-07-26 Soliant Energy, Inc. Composant optique primaire hybride pour concentrateurs optiques
WO2007103994A2 (fr) * 2006-03-08 2007-09-13 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc Cellules solaires multijonctions équipées d'un système homogénéisateur et d'un concentrateur de lumière couplé sans mise en image
US20080178927A1 (en) * 2007-01-30 2008-07-31 Thomas Brezoczky Photovoltaic apparatus having an elongated photovoltaic device using an involute-based concentrator
GB2451108A (en) * 2007-07-18 2009-01-21 Robert Michael Brady Photovoltaic Device
US20090165842A1 (en) * 2007-12-28 2009-07-02 Mcdonald Mark Solid concentrator with total internal secondary reflection

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WO2007103994A2 (fr) * 2006-03-08 2007-09-13 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc Cellules solaires multijonctions équipées d'un système homogénéisateur et d'un concentrateur de lumière couplé sans mise en image
US20080178927A1 (en) * 2007-01-30 2008-07-31 Thomas Brezoczky Photovoltaic apparatus having an elongated photovoltaic device using an involute-based concentrator
GB2451108A (en) * 2007-07-18 2009-01-21 Robert Michael Brady Photovoltaic Device
US20090165842A1 (en) * 2007-12-28 2009-07-02 Mcdonald Mark Solid concentrator with total internal secondary reflection

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2999003A1 (fr) * 2014-09-22 2016-03-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Module de cellule solaire
JP2016063172A (ja) * 2014-09-22 2016-04-25 株式会社東芝 太陽電池モジュール
US9853175B2 (en) 2014-09-22 2017-12-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Solar cell module

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