WO2011028192A1

WO2011028192A1 - Method and system for the complex recycling of hot emissions from engines

Info

Publication number: WO2011028192A1
Application number: PCT/UA2009/000061
Authority: WO
Inventors: Дмытро БYЯДЖИ
Original assignee: Buyadgie Dmytro
Priority date: 2009-09-01
Filing date: 2009-11-30
Publication date: 2011-03-10
Also published as: UA92563C2

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for generating electric power and for producing thermal energy by recycling the heat of combustion products from engines. The method for the complex recycling of hot emissions from engines comprises heating the liquid from the engine cooling envelope using the heat from the engine cylinders, and evaporating the heated liquid using the heat from the exhaust gases. The steam thus obtained is used for producing electric power. The system for the complex recycling of the hot emissions from engines comprises an engine cooling circuit, a liquid pump and a condenser connected together by pipes. The system further includes a steam generator, a power generator, a power steam engine, a conditioner steam generator, an intercooler, a heat pump, a radiator, an ejector and an evaporator. The method and the system for the complex recycling of hot emissions are industrially applicable and can be implemented in light or heavy vehicles, buses, tractors, etc., as well as in co-generation power plants.

Description

METHOD AND SYSTEM OF INTEGRATED HEAT DISPOSAL

ENGINE EMISSIONS

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing mechanical work, electrical energy, producing heat and cold by utilizing the heat of combustion products in engines.

This invention can be used in various fields of technology where internal and external combustion engines are used, as well as jet, turboprop and turbofan engines. The scope of the invention covers almost all transport devices, thermal and diesel generator, as well as cogeneration energy systems. The problem that is solved by this invention is global in nature, therefore, these areas of application are not exhaustive.

Since transport systems are the largest sources of thermal emissions from engines, these types of equipment are considered as examples.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Modern vehicles use a maximum of 40% of the calorific value of fuel for their direct functions. This leads not only to the loss of non-renewable carbohydrate raw materials, but also makes a significant contribution to the accelerated deterioration of the environmental situation on the planet. At the same time, the improvement of all elements and units has almost reached the limit, which requires a radical review of the basic principles of functioning of energy transport systems. One of the promising directions of a significant reduction in fuel consumption while maintaining or even increasing engine power is the step-by-step utilization of energy emissions using power units, an air conditioner that uses heat, intercoolers to recover some of the energy spent on compression turbocharged air, etc. The proposed method allows you to additionally get 30-40% energy savings with the same fuel consumption.

The work of energy systems includes such processes:

a) cooling the liquid from the engine cooling shell in the radiator with external air;

b) air conditioning in the cabin, which is driven by the main engine;

c) cooling of hot air after turbocharging in an additional radiator with external air;

d) heating the air in the cabin during the cold season with heat from the main engine.

Currently, thermal emissions generated by the operation of engines are not utilized. As a result of this, firstly, a large amount of thermal energy is lost, and secondly, the atmosphere is polluted.

The applicant is not aware of effective ways to utilize the thermal emissions of engines, in particular car exhaust.

The known device for the comprehensive utilization of thermal emissions of engines (see patent of the Russian Federation Ν ° 2314429) includes a generator, diesel, condensation and convection stages, pumps, oil cooler, oil pump, primary water pump, primary water cooler, storage tank, supercharger air cooler, chilled coolant tank, oil line, return and direct pipelines, contact chamber, condensate drain pipe, condensing heat exchanger, hot water heater heating, heating system, primary water pipeline.

The design of this device is selected as a prototype.

The prototype and the claimed invention have such common features: - engine cooling circuit; - liquid pump;

- capacitor.

But the prototype device does not use the efficiency of heat of exhaust gases and does not produce cold due to the heat removed for air conditioning.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The basis of the invention is the task to create a method for the comprehensive utilization of thermal emissions of engines and a system for its implementation, in which by introducing new components and elements, as well as their other structural arrangement, to reduce energy consumption and increase the efficiency of heat of exhaust gases.

The problem is solved by two inventions, united by a single inventive concept, namely, the method of integrated utilization of thermal emissions of engines and a system for its implementation.

In the first invention, the problem is solved in a method for the comprehensive utilization of thermal emissions of engines by the fact that the liquid from the engine cooling shell is heated with heat from the engine cylinders, after which the heated liquid is evaporated using the heat of the exhaust gases, the steam obtained in this way is used to generate electricity, the exhaust steam coolant is condensed with high pressure refrigerant vapor, and the condensate formed is cooled with a high pressure liquid refrigerant and served engine cooling jacket. In addition, the liquid high-pressure refrigerant after cooling the condensate is additionally heated with hot air after turbocharging.

In the second invention, the problem is solved in a system for the comprehensive utilization of thermal emissions of engines, including a cooling circuit interconnected by pipelines an engine, a liquid pump and a condenser, in that it further comprises a steam generator, a power generator, a steam engine, an air conditioning steam generator, an intercooler, a heat pump, a radiator, an ejector and an evaporator, the output of the engine cooling circuit being connected in series with a liquid pump, a steam generator, a steam engine and a steam generator of the air conditioner, which is connected to the ejector and the intercooler, the intercooler is connected to the power generator, the input of the engine cooling circuit and the heat pump, which th is connected to the ejector, evaporator and condenser, and the condenser is connected to the radiator and ejector.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings, which show: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for the comprehensive utilization of thermal emissions of engines;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an automobile air conditioner;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a power flow distribution system in a hybrid vehicle.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The system for the comprehensive utilization of thermal emissions of engines (Fig. 1) includes interconnected pipelines for the engine cooling circuit 1, a liquid pump 2, a steam generator 3, a power generator 4, a steam engine 5, an air conditioning steam generator 6, an intercooler 7, a heat pump 8, a condenser 9, a radiator 10, ejector 11, evaporator 12 and throttle 13.

The listed components and elements are interconnected by pipelines according to the following scheme: the output of the cooling circuit of engine 1 is connected in series with a liquid pump 2, a steam generator 3, a steam engine 5 and an air conditioning steam generator b, which is connected to an ejector 11 and an intercooler 7, an intercooler 7 is connected to a power generator 4, the input of the cooling circuit of the engine 1 and a heat pump 8, which is connected to the ejector 11, the evaporator 12 and the condenser 9, and the condenser 9 is connected to the radiator 10 and the ejector 11.

The system of integrated utilization of thermal emissions of engines (Fig. 1) is implemented as follows.

In the cooling shell of engine 1, a cooling liquid (for example, water or antifreeze) is heated, which is then pumped 2 to a power steam generator 3, in which this liquid evaporates, and the steam is supplied to the steam engine 5, transferring mechanical energy to the outside or turning it into electricity generator 4. Waste steam at low pressure (for example, atmospheric) is sent to the steam generator of the air conditioner 6, where it condenses and partially cools. After that, the coolant is additionally cooled in the heater-intercooler 7 and returned to the cooling shell of the engine 1. At the same time, the refrigerant evaporates in the steam generator 6 at high pressure, the resulting vapor enters the nozzle of the ejector 11, where the low pressure steam expands and draws in from the evaporator 12. Vapor mixture it is compressed in the diffuser part of the ejector 11 and enters the condenser 9, where it is condensed by heat removal by external air. In cases where cooling of the coolant is insufficient, additional cooling is carried out by external air in the radiator 10. The condensate of the refrigerant is divided into two parts: the first through the heat pump 8 enters the steam generator of the air conditioner 6 through the heater-intercooler 7, and the second is throttled in the choke 13 and boils in the evaporator 12, creating a cold that cools the interior of the car. In the presence of turbocharging, hot air is cooled in the heater-intercooler 7, and if there is insufficient cooling, it is cooled in the radiator 10.

The claimed method of integrated utilization of thermal emissions can be illustrated by the operation of an automobile air conditioner (Fig. 2) or a hybrid vehicle (FIG. 3).

In FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an automobile air conditioner, which includes an engine 14 connected to each other according to a specific scheme, a steam generator 15, an ejector 16, heat exchangers 17, 18, a radiator 19, a condenser 20, a receiver pump 21, a float chamber 22, a thermostatic expansion valve (expansion valve) 23 , three-way valve 24, evaporator-heater 25, fan 26, solenoid valves 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and check valve 32.

The air conditioner is part of the transport power plant or can be installed separately. In the latter case, it can operate in three modes: cooling, heating and thermal emission. When you turn on the air conditioner in the transport power plant (TEU), thermal emission can be avoided. In cooling mode, the three-way valve 24 opens to the line, and the liquid refrigerant after the condenser 20 enters the evaporator through the expansion valve 20, where it boils at low pressure and temperature, cooling the air that is supplied to the passenger compartment by the fan 26. The resulting refrigerant vapor through the electromagnetic valve 29 enters the ejector 16. At the same time, the second part of the condensed refrigerant from the condenser 20 passes through the float chamber 22 and the receiver pump 21, from where the high-pressure liquid passes through heat exchangers 17, 18, where it is heated and through the electromagnetic valve 31 it is supplied to the steam generator 15, where it boils at high pressure due to the heat that is taken from the engine 14. In the heating mode, the valve 24 opens to the line, the electromagnetic valve 31 closes, all the refrigerant enters the steam generator 15, boils at a high temperature, hot steam through the electromagnetic valve 28 enters the evaporator-heater 25, heats the air, which is supplied by the fan 26 to the vehicle interior. Condensed refrigerant through the valve 24 enters the steam generator 15. In the heat release mode, the electromagnetic valves 27, 28, 29 they close, the refrigerant circulates through the circuit the steam generator 15 - solenoid valve 30 - check valve 32 - condenser 20 - float chamber 22 - receiver-pump 21 - heat exchangers 17, 18 - solenoid valve 31, taking heat from the engine 14 and giving it to the environment. This scheme makes it possible to recover heat from the engine only during the period when it is necessary to heat the cabin or to cool it, but at least 4 months a year in a temperate climate zone the heat from the engine is not used for useful work.

In FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a hybrid vehicle, which includes a main engine 33 interconnected according to a specific scheme, a steam engine 34, an electric generator 35, electric batteries 36, stand-alone electric motors 37, a mechanical battery 38, a hydraulic accumulator 39, a main drive 40, a fuel tank 41 .

In a hybrid vehicle, the main engine 33 is mechanically connected to the drive 40, the accumulator 39 and the mechanical battery 38. Mechanical energy can also be transmitted to the electric generator 35. The main engine 33 receives fuel from the fuel tank 41, and from the engine 33 to the steam engine 34 exit exhaust gases, which are triggered and make it possible to obtain additional mechanical or electrical power. In addition, heat from the cooling shell of the main engine 33 is also used for thermal transformation in the system. The steam engine 34, receiving heat from the main engine 33, also produces mechanical energy to the main drive 40 or to the electric generator 35, or to the self-contained wheeled electric motors 37. Excessive electrical energy is accumulated in the batteries 36, where it can be consumed by the wheeled electric motors 37 after parking or in other cases. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The claimed method and system for the comprehensive utilization of thermal emissions have industrial applicability and can be implemented in cars and trucks, buses, tractors, etc., as well as in cogeneration power plants. This system does not require radical alteration of existing mechanisms and can be mounted on existing installations.

Claims

Claim

1. A method for the comprehensive utilization of thermal emissions of engines, characterized in that the liquid from the engine cooling shell is heated with heat from the engine cylinders, after which the heated liquid is evaporated using the heat of the exhaust gases - the steam obtained in this way is used to generate electricity, the spent steam of the cooling liquid condensed with high pressure refrigerant vapor, and the resulting condensate is cooled with a high pressure liquid refrigerant and served in the cooling shell of the engine.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid high-pressure refrigerant after cooling the condensate is additionally heated with hot air after turbocharging.

3. A system for the comprehensive utilization of thermal emissions of engines, including a cooling circuit of an engine, a liquid pump and a condenser interconnected by pipelines, characterized in that it further comprises a steam generator, a power generator, a steam engine, an air conditioning steam generator, an intercooler, a heat pump, a radiator, an ejector and an evaporator while the output of the engine cooling circuit is connected in series with a liquid pump, a steam generator, a steam engine and an air conditioning steam generator, which oedinon ejector and intercooler, the intercooler is connected to an electric power, input of engine cooling circuit and termonasosom, which is connected to the ejector, condenser and evaporator, a condenser connected to the radiator and the ejector.