WO2011028183A1 - Compositions d'additif pour carburant et leurs procédés de préparation, et carburant à émulsion les contenant - Google Patents

Compositions d'additif pour carburant et leurs procédés de préparation, et carburant à émulsion les contenant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011028183A1
WO2011028183A1 PCT/SG2010/000327 SG2010000327W WO2011028183A1 WO 2011028183 A1 WO2011028183 A1 WO 2011028183A1 SG 2010000327 W SG2010000327 W SG 2010000327W WO 2011028183 A1 WO2011028183 A1 WO 2011028183A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
fuel
fraction
glycerin
amount
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SG2010/000327
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Thiam Siew Teo
Original Assignee
Singapore Emulsion Fuel Pte Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Singapore Emulsion Fuel Pte Ltd filed Critical Singapore Emulsion Fuel Pte Ltd
Publication of WO2011028183A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011028183A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
    • C11C1/08—Refining
    • C11C1/10—Refining by distillation
    • C11C1/103—Refining by distillation after or with the addition of chemicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
    • C11C3/10—Ester interchange
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the emulsion fuel technologies, and more particularly to the process of manufacturing biodiesel and glycerin, fuel additive compositions and emulsion fuels, and the fuel additive compositions and emulsion fuels manufactured by said process.
  • water-based emulsion diesel For the reduction of environmental pollution, water-based emulsion diesel has been used in the Europe for many years. While the water-based emulsion diesel reduces environmental pollution especially black smokes, it suffers from the decreased fuel power and the higher cost incurred in the manufacture process.
  • Biodiesel is usually derived from vegetable oil; it pushes the prices of vegetable oils higher, burdening the citizens of poor countries. Furthermore, current technologies in manufacturing biodiesel from vegetable oils focus on the recovery of fatty esters, leaving the glycerin entity out of the biodiesel process.
  • the fuel additive composition comprises glycerin in an amount of 40- 80% of the composition, fatty alcohol in an amount of 5- 15% of the composition, diesel in an amount of 5-15% of the composition, water in an amount of 5-15% of the composition, and a dilutant in an amount of 20-40% of the composition; whereby all components are admixed together to form the fuel additive composition.
  • the glycerin has over 85% purity, and preferably 60-80% of the composition, and further preferably 70-80% of the composition.
  • the fatty alcohol is selected from ethanol, or long chain alcohols with 10, 12 or 14 carbons. In a further embodiment of the fuel additive composition, the fatty alcohol is preferably about 8-12% of the composition.
  • the diesel is fossil diesel, biodiesel or combination, and ; preferably 5-10%» of the composition.
  • the water has a pH value between 6.8 to 7.2, and is preferably 8-10% of the composition.
  • the dilutant is sobitol,. and preferably 25-35% of the composition.
  • the composition optionally comprises 5-15% of fossil diesel, xylene or toluene or in combination.
  • the glycerin is manufactured by the process comprising providing a suitable vegetable oil for processing; adding alcohol and catalyst into the vegetable oil to form a mixture; heating the mixture to a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time period; separating the heated mixture into two fractions: fraction A and fraction B; and neutralizing the fraction B with an inorganic or organic acid substance to have a neutral pH value, and then heating the fraction B to a predetermined temperature, and then distilling to get the glycerin.
  • the emulsion fuel comprises fossil diesel in an amount of 60-80% of the emulsion fuel, water in an amount of 10-25% of the emulsion fuel, and fuel additive composition in an amount of 10-25% of the emulsion fuel; wherein the fuel additive composition comprises glycerin in an amount of 40-80% of the composition, fatty alcohol in an amount of 5-15% of the composition, diesel in an amount of 5-15% of the composition, water in an amount of 5-15% of the composition, and a dilutant in an amount of 20-40% of the composition; whereby all components are admixed together to form the emulsion fuel.
  • the glycerin has over 85% purity, and preferably 60-80% of the composition, and further preferably 70-80% of the composition.
  • the fatty alcohol is selected from ethanol, or long chain alcohols with 10, 12 or 14 carbons.
  • the fatty alcohol is preferably about 8-12% of the composition.
  • the diesel is fossil diesel, biodiesel or combination, and ; preferably 5-10% of the composition.
  • the water has a pH value between 6.8 to 7.2, and is preferably 8-10% of the composition.
  • the dilutant is sobitol, and preferably 25-35%o of the composition.
  • the composition optionally comprises 5-15% of fossil diesel, xylene or toluene or in combination.
  • the glycerin is manufactured by the process comprising providing a suitable vegetable oil for processing, adding alcohol and catalyst into the vegetable oil to form a mixture, heating the mixture to a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time period, separating the heated mixture into two fractions: fraction A and fraction B, and neutralizing the fraction B with an inorganic or organic acid substance to have a neutral pH value, and then heating the fraction B to a predetermined temperature, and then distilling to get the glycerin.
  • the fossil diesel is preferably about 65-75%; water is preferably about 12-18%; and fuel bio-additive composition is preferably 12-18%.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a process for processing vegetable oil to obtain glycerin, fatty alcohol and biodiesel.
  • the process comprises providing a suitable vegetable oil for processing; adding alcohol and catalyst into the vegetable oil to form a mixture; heating the mixture to a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time period; separating the heated mixture into two fractions: fraction A and fraction B; neutralizing the fraction A with an inorganic or organic acid substance to have a neutral pH value, and initially distilling at a low temperature to produce fatty alcohol, and further distilling at a high temperature to produce ester (biodiesel); whereby the biodiesel is suitable for being used directly as fuel for internal combustion engines; and neutralizing the fraction B with an inorganic or organic acid substance to have a neutral pH value, and then heating the fraction B to a predetermined temperature, and then distilling to get glycerin.
  • the vegetable oil has a content of free fatty acid less than 2.5%; preferably less 1.0%; more preferably less 0.5%.
  • the alcohol is methanol, ethanol or long chain alcohols with 10, 12 or 14 carbons
  • the catalyst is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
  • the alcohol and catalyst are preferably in equal molar ratio; and the ratio of the vegetable oil and the alcohol/catalyst is preferably 4- 6 to 1, more preferably 5 to 1.
  • the vegetable oil is palm oil; the temperature is about 70-80 °C; and the heating duration is about 20-30 minutes.
  • the inorganic acid is phosphoric acid
  • the organic acid is citrus acid
  • FIG 1 is a block diagram showing the process and products produced by the process in accordance with one embodiment of present invention.
  • the present invention provides processes for processing vegetable oils to obtain esters (biodiesel), fatty alcohol and glycerin, fuel additive compositions, and emulsion fuels containing the fuel additive compositions, and further provides the fuel additive compositions and emulsion fuels manufactured by the process provided by the present invention.
  • the clean refined vegetable oil 10 is any vegetable oil available for example palm oil; the vegetable oil does not require to be 100% pure; as long as the impurities existing in the vegetable oil do not interfere with the process of the present invention, the vegetable oil is suitable for use in the present invention.
  • the content of free fatty acid in the vegetable oil is critical for the process. Our inventors discovered that the content of the free fatty acid shall be less than 2.5% in the vegetable oil; preferably less 1.0%; more preferably less 0.5%.
  • the vegetable oil is first processed 20 by adding alcohol and catalyst; all materials are mixed and heated to a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time period.
  • the temperature and heating duration are dependent upon the used vegetable oil, alcohol and catalyst, and can be easily determined by one skilled in the art.
  • the alcohol is methanol, ethanol or long chain alcohols with 10, 12 or 14 carbons
  • the catalyst is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide
  • the temperature is about 70-80 °C
  • the heating duration is about 20-30 minutes. It is preferred to have air injection during the process.
  • the alcohol and hydroxides are preferably in equal molar ratio; the ratio of the vegetable oil and the alcohol/hydroxides is preferably 4-6 to 1, more preferably 5 to 1.
  • fraction A fraction A
  • fraction B 100 it is about 10% of the total mixture with glycerin as its main component.
  • the fraction B is first neutralized 110 with an inorganic or organic acid substance for example phosphoric acid or citrus acid to have a neutral pH value, and then refined with heating the fraction B to about 90-110 °C and distilling to get purified glycerin for further uses as discussed below.
  • an inorganic or organic acid substance for example phosphoric acid or citrus acid
  • fraction A 40 it is about 90% of the total mixture with ester (biodiesel) as its main component.
  • the fraction A is first neutralized 50 with an inorganic or organic acid substance for example phosphoric acid or citrus acid to have a neutral pH value, and initially distilled 60 at a low temperature for example 60-70 °C to produce fatty alcohol (product A2) 70, and further distilled 80 at a high temperature for example 100-110 °C to produce refined biodiesel (product Al).
  • the refined biodiesel can be used directly as fuel for internal combustion engines.
  • the fuel additive compositions in accordance with one aspect of the present invention comprise glycerin, fatty alcohol, biodiesel, water and a dilutant.
  • glycerin has over 85% purity, and is about 40-80% of the final composition, preferably about 60-80%), and further preferably 70-80%; fatty alcohol is about 5-15% of the final composition, preferably about 8-12%; biodiesel is about 5-15% of the final composition, preferably 5-10%; water is about 5-15% of the final composition, preferably 8-10%>; the dilutant is about 20-40% of the final composition, preferably 25-35%.
  • the glycerin is manufactured by the process disclosed in the present invention.
  • the fatty alcohol is selected from ethanol, or long chain alcohols with 10, 12 or 14 carbons.
  • the biodiesel is substituted by fossil diesel or a mixture of biodiesel and fossil diesel.
  • the water has a pH value between 6.8 to 7.2.
  • the dilutant is sobitol.
  • the compositions optionally further comprise 5-15% of fossil diesel, xylene or toluene or in combination.
  • the fuel additive compositions disclosed herein are manufactured by admixing the glycerin, fatty alcohol, biodiesel, water, dilutant and optional fossil diesel or xylene or toluene together.
  • the emulsion fuel in accordance with one aspect of the present invention comprises fossil diesel, water and fuel additive composition as aforedescribed.
  • fossil diesel is about 60-80% of the final emulsion fuel, preferably about 65- 75%
  • water is about 10-25% of the final emulsion fuel, preferably about 12-18%
  • fuel bio-additive composition is about 10-25%, preferably 12-18%.
  • the emulsion fuel is manufactured by admixing the fossil diesel, water and fuel additive compositions together.
  • composition A [0049] Composition A
  • composition A 800g of glycerin (about 85% purity), lOOg of pure water (pH 6.8-7.2), lOOg of biodiesel, and lOOg of ethanol were admixed well to produce composition A.
  • composition Al 800g of glycerin (about 85% purity), lOOg of pure water (pH 6.8-7.2), lOOg of biodiesel, and lOOg of CH 3 (CH 2 ) 9OH were admixed well to produce composition Al.
  • composition Al 800g of glycerin (about 85% purity), lOOg of pure water (pH 6.8-7.2), lOOg of biodiesel, and lOOg of CH 3 (CH 2 ) 1 iOH were admixed well to produce composition Al .
  • composition Al 800g of glycerin (about 85% purity), lOOg of pure water (pH 6.8-7.2), lOOg of biodiesel, and lOOg of CH 3 (CH 2 ) 13OH were admixed well to produce composition Al.
  • composition A 700g of composition A and 300g of sobitol were admixed to produce composition B.
  • composition Al 700g of composition Al and 300g of sobitol were admixed to produce composition B.
  • composition B2 [0061] Composition B2
  • composition A2 and 300g of sobitol were admixed to produce composition B.
  • composition B 700g of composition A3 and 300g of sobitol were admixed to produce composition B.
  • composition B 900g of composition B and lOOg of diesel or xylene or toluene were admixed to produce composition C.
  • composition C [0067] Composition CI [0068] 900g of composition Bl and l OOg of diesel or xylene or toluene were admixed to produce composition C.
  • composition B2 900g of composition B2 and lOOg of diesel or xylene or toluene were admixed to produce composition C.
  • composition B3 900g of composition B3 and lOOg of diesel or xylene or toluene were admixed to produce composition C.
  • composition B 10L of biodiesel, 2L of pure water, and 2L of composition B were admixed to produce emulsion biodiesel, where the composition B can be substituted by composition Bl , composition B2, composition B3, composition C, composition CI , composition C2, and composition C3.
  • the emulsion biodiesel of the present invention has many advantages including: no modification to existing engines, no modification to existing infrastructures, reduction of harmful gas emission, reduction of smoke, improvement of engine performance and power, improvement of fuel consumption, and reduction of productivity down time.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne une composition d'additif pour carburant. Elle concerne, en outre, un carburant à émulsion contenant ladite composition d'additif pour carburant ainsi qu'un procédé de transformation d'huile végétale en glycérol, alcool gras et biocarburant.
PCT/SG2010/000327 2009-09-04 2010-09-06 Compositions d'additif pour carburant et leurs procédés de préparation, et carburant à émulsion les contenant WO2011028183A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SG200905908-0 2009-09-04
SG200905908-0A SG169258A1 (en) 2009-09-04 2009-09-04 Fuel additive compositions and methods for making the same and emulsion fuel comprising the fuel additive compositions

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011028183A1 true WO2011028183A1 (fr) 2011-03-10

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US (1) US20110056120A1 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2011028183A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160177207A1 (en) * 2014-05-15 2016-06-23 Seachange Group Llc Biodiesel glycerol emulsion fuel mixtures

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103842487A (zh) * 2011-03-29 2014-06-04 富林纳技术有限公司 混合燃料及其制备方法
EA037733B1 (ru) 2014-12-03 2021-05-14 Дрексел Юниверсити Прямое включение природного газа в жидкие углеводородные топлива

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US4083698A (en) * 1975-06-30 1978-04-11 Fuel Systems, Inc. Clear and stable liquid fuel compositions for internal combustion engines
US20040111955A1 (en) * 2002-12-13 2004-06-17 Mullay John J. Emulsified water blended fuels produced by using a low energy process and novel surfuctant
US20060075680A1 (en) * 2003-06-02 2006-04-13 Frederic Tort Water/hydrocarbon emulsified fuel preparation and use thereof
WO2007020465A1 (fr) * 2005-08-19 2007-02-22 Benson, John, Everett Procédé de production de biodiésel
US20070119529A1 (en) * 2003-04-30 2007-05-31 David Hobson Ethoxylated surfactants for water in oil emulsions
US20070277430A1 (en) * 2003-01-27 2007-12-06 Jackman John P Production of biodiesel and glycerin from high free fatty acid feedstocks
WO2008010253A2 (fr) * 2006-07-19 2008-01-24 Nazzareno De Angelis Procédé intégré pour la production de biocombustibles à partir de différents types de matériaux de départ et produits associés
WO2008111915A1 (fr) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-18 Lipico Bioenergy Pte Ltd Procédé en continu et dispositif pour la préparation d'un biodiesel
US20090151231A1 (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Wen-Jhy Lee Process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using oily water

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4083698A (en) * 1975-06-30 1978-04-11 Fuel Systems, Inc. Clear and stable liquid fuel compositions for internal combustion engines
US20040111955A1 (en) * 2002-12-13 2004-06-17 Mullay John J. Emulsified water blended fuels produced by using a low energy process and novel surfuctant
US20070277430A1 (en) * 2003-01-27 2007-12-06 Jackman John P Production of biodiesel and glycerin from high free fatty acid feedstocks
US20070119529A1 (en) * 2003-04-30 2007-05-31 David Hobson Ethoxylated surfactants for water in oil emulsions
US20060075680A1 (en) * 2003-06-02 2006-04-13 Frederic Tort Water/hydrocarbon emulsified fuel preparation and use thereof
WO2007020465A1 (fr) * 2005-08-19 2007-02-22 Benson, John, Everett Procédé de production de biodiésel
WO2008010253A2 (fr) * 2006-07-19 2008-01-24 Nazzareno De Angelis Procédé intégré pour la production de biocombustibles à partir de différents types de matériaux de départ et produits associés
WO2008111915A1 (fr) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-18 Lipico Bioenergy Pte Ltd Procédé en continu et dispositif pour la préparation d'un biodiesel
US20090151231A1 (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Wen-Jhy Lee Process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using oily water

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GONZALEZ GARNICA J.A. ET AL: "Production and Purification of Biodiesel and Glycerine, since vegetal oils and kinetic of vegetal oils transesterification reaction for wasted frying oil", POSTER PRESENTED AT ICHEAP-9 THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING, 10 May 2009 (2009-05-10) - 13 May 2009 (2009-05-13), Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.aidic.it/icheap9/webpapers/318Gonzalez.pdf> [retrieved on 20101222] *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160177207A1 (en) * 2014-05-15 2016-06-23 Seachange Group Llc Biodiesel glycerol emulsion fuel mixtures
US9976096B2 (en) * 2014-05-15 2018-05-22 Seachange Group Llc Biodiesel glycerol emulsion fuel mixtures

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Publication number Publication date
SG169258A1 (en) 2011-03-30
US20110056120A1 (en) 2011-03-10

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