WO2011023732A2 - Circuit de dérivation et de protection pour un module solaire et procédé de commande d'un module solaire - Google Patents

Circuit de dérivation et de protection pour un module solaire et procédé de commande d'un module solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011023732A2
WO2011023732A2 PCT/EP2010/062419 EP2010062419W WO2011023732A2 WO 2011023732 A2 WO2011023732 A2 WO 2011023732A2 EP 2010062419 W EP2010062419 W EP 2010062419W WO 2011023732 A2 WO2011023732 A2 WO 2011023732A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar module
bypass
circuit
output
input
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/062419
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2011023732A3 (fr
Inventor
Heribert Schmidt
Werner Roth
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority to ES10747618.6T priority Critical patent/ES2558341T3/es
Priority to CN201080048215.0A priority patent/CN102598287B/zh
Priority to EP10747618.6A priority patent/EP2457258B1/fr
Publication of WO2011023732A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011023732A2/fr
Publication of WO2011023732A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011023732A3/fr
Priority to US13/402,992 priority patent/US20120194003A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/02016—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices
    • H01L31/02019—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02021—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/021—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order
    • H02H3/023—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order by short-circuiting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of solar technology, and in particular to a bypass and protection circuit for a solar module and to a method for controlling a solar module, which is bridged by a bypass element.
  • bypass diodes In normal operation, the bypass diodes are operated in the reverse direction. In the case of partial shading, the bypass diodes are poled in the forward direction and take over the strand current caused by the unshaded cells. In this case, the operating point voltage across the affected section of the solar generator from the normal operation about +8 V to +12 V (based on an MPP voltage of 16 to 24 cells) back to the forward voltage of the bypass diode, ie to approx. -0.4 V to -0.6 V.
  • the maximum current through the bypass diode depends on the cell technology and the cell size, with current silicon cells with an area of 156 mm x 156 mm, the maximum current can be up to 8.5 A. Due to larger cell areas and also higher efficiencies of the solar cells used, even higher currents in the range of more than 10 A can be expected for the future.
  • Commercially available silicon pn diodes, but also Schottky diodes, are typically used as bypass diodes, with recent developments also employing MOSFETs as active bypass elements.
  • the bypass diodes cause in normal operation, ie without shading, almost no losses, since they are operated in the reverse direction and only a small reverse current flows through them.
  • Solar modules also have the property that they generate electrical voltage as long as they are irradiated, which means that they can not be switched off. This requires special precautions during installation and maintenance. Also problematic is the often high solar generator voltage of several hundred volts in the case of a house fire with a mounted on the roof solar generator. Commercially available solar modules do not have the option of a shutdown. In DE 10 2005 036 153 B4, which was mentioned above, it is proposed to use the active bypass element also for targeted switching off or switching on of the module via an external control signal.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object, an improved bypass and protection circuit for a solar module and an improved method for controlling a solar module, which is bridged by a bypass element to create.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a bypass and protection circuit for a solar module, comprising: an input for connecting the solar module; an exit; a bypass element connected in parallel with the output; and a separator connected between the input and the output and configured to control the connection between the input and the output; wherein the disconnect element is configured to control a connection between the input and the output depending on whether the circuit associated with the circuit
  • Solar module is completely or partially shaded, or whether the circuit associated solar module should be on or off.
  • the control signal causes an interruption of the normally closed connection between the input and the output of the circuit when the solar module associated with the circuit is completely or partially shaded, or when the solar module associated with the circuit is to be turned off.
  • the circuit may be configured to effectuate the establishment of a normally open connection between the input and the output when the solar module associated with the circuit is to be turned on.
  • the circuit with the solar module is interconnected such that an interruption of the connection by the separation element causes an idling operation of the solar module.
  • the circuit may either have a control signal terminal for receiving the control signal, or the control signal may be received via an input and / or via the output of the circuit.
  • the circuit includes a controller operatively connected to the isolation element and configured to generate the control signal.
  • the controller may have a power supply terminal connected to the input of the circuit.
  • the controller may be configured to determine whether there is partial or total shadowing of the solar module associated with the bypass protection circuit based on the power signals applied to the input and output and to generate the control signal if it is determined that the solar module is full or partially is shadowed.
  • the controller may be further configured to check, after determining a fully or partially shadowed condition, whether the shading situation is still ongoing to effect a return to normal, if there is no more shadowing situation.
  • control signal for establishing the normally open connection may be externally generated and provided to the circuit to turn on the solar module.
  • control signal for interrupting the normally closed connection may be generated based on one or more signals from internal and / or external sensors to shut down the solar module.
  • the isolation element may comprise a switch, for example a transistor or the like, and the bypass element may comprise a diode or a diode with a switch arranged in parallel.
  • Embodiments of the invention provide a method for controlling a solar module bridged by a bypass element, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the solar module may be part of a series circuit having a plurality of solar modules, wherein the operation of the solar module in idle includes a separation of the solar module from the series circuit. Further, based on the power signals at a terminal of the solar module and based on the power signals at one terminal of the series circuit, it may be determined whether there is partial or total shadowing of the solar module, and further may be determined after determining a partial or total shading condition is, whether this still stops to possibly switch back to a normal state.
  • Embodiments of the present invention thus provide a desirable turn-off or targeted turn-on of a solar module via an external or internal control signal, further also an independent shutdown of the module is made possible upon detection of improper operating conditions.
  • Embodiments of the invention provide a bypass and protection circuit for a solar module having at least one electrical bypass element whose switching path is connected in parallel to the output terminals of the bypass and protection circuit, wherein in series with one of the connection lines between the input terminals and the output terminals of the bypass and protection circuit is at least one controllable electrical switching element, which can be controlled by a control circuit.
  • a MOSFET can be used as the switching element.
  • the energy required to supply the control circuit can be provided from the associated solar module and / or from the voltage across the bypass element.
  • a DC-DC converter for providing a supply voltage may be provided.
  • the bypass and protection circuit can distinguish between the operating states "normal” and “shading" by means of a logic circuit, the switching element being switched on or off accordingly.
  • the switch may also be activated via an external control signal to turn the module on and off.
  • Another, controllable switching element may be connected in parallel to the bypass element, wherein the further switching element may be a MOSFET.
  • the logic circuit for distinguishing between the abovementioned operating states is also provided in order to switch the two switching elements on or off accordingly. Likewise, the switches can be activated via an external control signal to turn the module on or off.
  • the circuit can be realized in the form of an integrated circuit.
  • Other embodiments of the invention provide a by-pass and protection circuit for a solar module having at least one electrical bypass element connected in parallel with the output terminals of the bypass and protection circuit, and the one or more solar modules connected in series with the solar module can conduct electricity generated in series modules, wherein in one or both connecting lines between the input terminals and the output terminals of the bypass and protection circuit is a controllable electrical separation element which can be controlled by a control circuit.
  • a transistor can be used as a separating element and the energy required to supply the control can be provided from the associated solar cell arrangement and / or from the voltage across the bypass element.
  • an energy buffer for supplying the control can be provided.
  • a DC-DC converter for providing a supply voltage of the controller may be provided.
  • bypass element a diode can be used, wherein a further controllable switching element can be connected in parallel to the bypass element.
  • a switching element can be used, which is for example a transistor.
  • the control of the two switching elements is performed by the logic circuit or by an internal and / or external control signal to turn the module on or off.
  • the circuit can in turn be realized in the form of an integrated circuit.
  • Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a bypass and protection circuit according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a bypass and protection circuit according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a control of the circuit of Fig. 2 according to a
  • Embodiment of the invention shows
  • Fig. 4 shows a bypass and protection circuit according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of a control of the circuit of FIG. 4 according to a further embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 6 is a state diagram for explaining the operation of the controls of Figs. 3 and 5 for determining whether a shaded state of a solar module stops.
  • Embodiments of the invention provide a bypass and protection circuit that utilizes the advantages of active switching elements to reduce heat buildup in the event of shading and optionally selectively power on solar modules, but at the same time has significantly less overhead in providing the internally required control voltage.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a bypass and protection circuit 100 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the bypass and protection circuit 100 includes two input terminals 102 and 104 and two output terminals 106 and 108. Between the first input terminal 102 and the first output terminal 106, a separator (TE) 110 is connected. Between the first output terminal 106 and the second output terminal 108, a bypass element (BE) 112 is connected.
  • the bypass and control circuit may further include, according to embodiments, a controller (ST) 1 14, which will be explained later in more detail.
  • the circuit 100 may include one or more internal sensors (IS) 116 and another terminal 118 that may be provided to receive signals from external sensors (ES) 120.
  • IS internal sensors
  • ES external sensors
  • an interface (IF) 122 may be provided.
  • a control port 124 may be provided for receiving an external control signal that may be provided via an external control or communication line 126.
  • a protective element (PE) 128 can be connected between the first input terminal 102 and the second input terminal 104.
  • a solar cell array (SZ) 130 is connectable to the circuit 100, wherein a first terminal of the solar cell array 130 is connectable to the first input terminal 102 via a first line 132, and a second terminal of the solar cell array 130 is connected to the second input terminal via a second line 134 104 of the circuit 100 is connectable.
  • the first output terminal 106 of the circuit 100 is connected to a first connecting line 136, which leads to a further solar cell arrangement 130, wherein a circuit 100, as shown in FIG. 1, can also be provided here.
  • the second output terminal 108 is connected to a second connecting line 138, which leads to a preceding solar cell arrangement, which may likewise have a protective circuit 100.
  • the isolating element 110 can also be arranged in the negative connecting line between the second input terminal 104 and the second output terminal 108.
  • the solar cell arrangement 130 connected via the two lines 132, 134 to the inputs 102, 104 is disconnected from the output 106, 108 via the serial isolating element 110 in the case of shading.
  • the solar generator current I SG embossed by the unshaded modules connected in series with the shaded module in the outer connecting lines 136, 138 then flows on via the bypass element 112 arranged parallel to the output terminals 106, 108.
  • the shaded solar cells are thus idle and are protected from damage by overload (hot spots).
  • the voltage required to supply the control 114 can advantageously be obtained from the input voltage U E of the shaded solar cell arrangement 130 and not, as is usual in the prior art, from the very low voltage U A This is done by the property of the solar cell, that although the available current in the shading decreases very strong, the open circuit voltage or the voltage at low load even with extreme shading almost the voltage of a non-shadowed cell equivalent.
  • the supply voltage for the control circuit 114 can also be obtained from the voltage U A across the bypass element 112 in accordance with the approaches of the prior art or also from both sources.
  • the bypass circuit according to embodiments of the invention is advantageous because above the serial Separating element 1 10 a maximum of the output from the associated solar cell array 130 open-circuit voltage can occur in the reverse direction, which low-impedance, low-loss and cost switching elements for the realization of the separation element 1 10 can be used.
  • the bypass and protection circuit 100 may optionally comprise further modules, which are shown in dashed lines in FIG.
  • the input 102, 104 may be protected by the protective element 128 against a reverse polarity or an overvoltage.
  • the controller 1 14 may also be connected to the internal or external sensors 116 and 120, for example, to detect the temperature of the circuit itself or the solar cell array or its surroundings. Via the interface 122, a unidirectional or bidirectional communication between the circuit and other components of the photovoltaic system may exist. This communication can take place via a line-line communication (PLC) via the lines 136, 138 or via the additional communication line 126.
  • PLC line-line communication
  • the circuit may comprise further modules, which serve, for example, to protect individual components of the circuit from overvoltage, but are For clarity, not shown.
  • Fig. 2 shows a bypass and protection circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the isolating element 110 is realized by a parallel connection of a switch Si and a diode Di.
  • the bypass element is also realized by a parallel connection of a switch S 2 and a diode D 2 .
  • the protective element 128 is realized in the form of a diode D 0 .
  • the controller 114 receives the voltage U E at an input. Further, the controller 114 receives a control signal ST provided to the circuit 100 via the communication line 126 and the control terminal 124, and the output voltage U A - The controller provides corresponding signals for driving the switches Sj and S 2 .
  • the circuit 100 according to FIG.
  • the voltage required to supply the control voltage 1 14 and to drive the active switching elements S s and S 2 is no longer obtained from the very low voltage U A across the bypass element 112, but from the Input voltage U E of the switched-off solar module 130.
  • the property of the solar cell is used, that although the current during shading decreases very much, the open circuit voltage or the voltage at low load even with external shading almost the voltage of a not shaded cell corresponds.
  • the affected subgenerator (SM) 130 is therefore disconnected from the series circuit of the modules via the series switch Si in the event of shading and thus, apart from a minimum self-consumption of the control unit 1 14, is operated at idle.
  • the supply voltage can also optionally, as in the prior art, be obtained from the voltage U A across the bypass element D 2 or S 2 .
  • the series switch Si can also be located in the negative connecting line between the second input connection 104 and the second output connection 108. Parallel to the switch Si, the diode Dj can be connected, which protects the switch Si against negative reverse voltages.
  • the diode D 0 may be provided as an additional safeguard against negative module voltages.
  • FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the controller 114 of the circuit of FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the controller 114 includes a first block 140 that receives and measures the input voltage U E.
  • the controller 114 includes a block 142 that receives and measures the output voltage U A.
  • the controller 114 further includes a first reference voltage source (E) 144 and a second reference voltage source (A) 146. Further, a first comparator 148 and a second comparator 150 are provided.
  • the first comparator (K E ) 148 receives the input voltage U E measured by the U E block 140 as well as the reference voltage from the reference voltage source 144 and outputs a signal L E to a logic circuit 152.
  • the comparator 150 receives the output voltage signal measured by the U A block 142 and the reference voltage signal from the reference voltage source 146 and outputs to the logic circuit 152 the comparator output signal L A.
  • the logic 152 also receives a timer signal from a timer 154 and a control signal ST from the interface 122. Through protection circuits 156, the logic 152 receives signals which the input voltage U E , the output voltage U A , the input current I E and the output current I A indicate.
  • the logic 152 includes, via a driver 158, the drive signals Si and S 2 for driving the switching elements Si and S 2 of the separator 110 and of the bypass element 112.
  • the controller 114 further comprises an internal power supply 160, which supplies a DC / DC converter. Transducer can have.
  • the internal power supply 160 receives the input voltage U E and / or the output voltage U A -
  • the power supply 160 is further connected to a buffer 162, such as a capacitor or the like, to provide power even at times when external energy is not available.
  • the controller 114 comprises the two input blocks 140 and 142, with which both the input voltage U E (the voltage of the solar module SM) and the output voltage U A (they measured voltage across the bypass path S 2 , D 2 - Fig. 2) becomes. Both voltages are compared by means of the comparators 148 and 150 with the reference values E and A, respectively. The logical output signals L E , L A of the comparators 148 and 150 are "1" when the respective measurement voltage is above the reference value.
  • the two switching signals are linked together in the logic circuit 152, this circuit being connected to the timer circuit 150, the protective circuits 156 against overcurrents and overvoltages and optionally with a communication interface 122, so that the two switches Si and S 2 can be controlled.
  • the supply of the controller 114 takes place from the input voltage via the internal power supply 160, which may have a DC-DC converter (DC / DC converter, eg charge pump), which, however, can be constructed much simpler due to the comparatively high supply voltage U E than in the prior art Technology.
  • the power supply can have an energy store 162 for bridging transient supply gaps.
  • the supply voltage in the case of disconnection can also be obtained according to the prior art from the voltage U A across the bypass element. 4, a further embodiment of the invention will be explained below. 4 shows a bypass and protection circuit according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein the realization of the separating element 110, the bypass element 1 12 and the protective element 128 corresponds to that described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the circuit 100 further includes the internal sensors 116, the interface 122 and the connector 118 to receive signals from the external sensors 120.
  • the solar cell arrangement 130 comprises two solar modules SMi and SM 2 , which are each bridged via associated diodes D BYP .
  • the operation of the circuit 100 of FIG. 4 corresponds to the Functioning of the circuit of Fig. 2, so that a further description of this is omitted here and instead reference is made to the above statements.
  • only the switch S 2 can be used as a bypass element, which is controlled in the manner described below.
  • switching elements Si and S 2 relays can be used, but preferably semiconductor devices. Both self-locking and self-conducting components can be used.
  • the use of a normally-on component as a switch S 2 brings the advantage of a "fail-safe" behavior with it, ie if the controller 114 fails, the switch S 2 would short-circuit the output of the bypass and protection circuit and thus switch off.
  • FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the controller 114 from FIG. 4, the structure of the controller according to FIG. 5 essentially corresponding to the structure of the controller from FIG. 3, but instead of the protective circuits 156 in FIG. 3, a block 156 ', which includes monitoring circuits and algorithms, further receiving temperature signals Tj nt and T ext indicating an internal temperature and an external temperature.
  • the internal power supply 160 may further include stabilizing circuits.
  • the functionality of the controls according to FIGS. 3 and 5 for driving the switches Si and S 2 will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 6, in particular it will be described how it is determined whether a shaded state of the solar module is still continuing.
  • the following description refers to the embodiment of FIG. 2 and 4 with an additional switchable electrical bypass path via the switch S 2 , is mutatis mutandis to apply to the variant without the switch S 2 or the variant without the diode D 2 .
  • FIG. 6 shows as a state diagram the temporal relationships between the comparator signal L E , the switching signal Si Comparator signal L A and the switching signal S 2 shows. Shown in Fig. 6 are both the normal operation without shading, the operation with shading and the operation after a transition from shading to normal operation. In normal operation, both the input voltage and the output voltage are above the two reference values E and A, so that both comparator signals are at a logical "1". Accordingly, the logic circuit 152 causes the switch S] to be turned on and the switch S 2 to be off. The input current I E generated by the solar cell arrangement 130 is forwarded to the output 106, 108 almost loss-free via the low-resistance switch Si.
  • the reference value A of the comparator K A falls below, for example, +0.1 V, and its output signal L A likewise changes from logic "1" to "0" after a slight delay time, which is represented by the arrow "b" is.
  • the delay time Ts 2 can be set so as to prevent the described switching-on of the switch S 2 in the case of brief partial shading, for example when a bird is flying over.
  • the opening of the switch Si causes - as shown at the beginning - a rapid re-increase of the voltage U E to values of several volts, so that on the one hand, the output signal L E of the comparator K E against a logical "1" assumes (see arrow "d).
  • the supply of the controller 114 is permanently ensured.
  • the supply of the circuit can take place during the described handling operations from the energy buffer 162, which is formed for example as a capacitor.
  • the stabilizing state of the arrangement which occurs after shading would remain even after the shading has been removed. It is therefore necessary to check whether the shading situation still exists and the switch positions should be adjusted accordingly.
  • the logic circuit 152 effects using the timer circuit (timer) 154 that the switch S 2 is periodically opened with a period Tper for a period T tes t and at the same time the switch Si is closed. If there is still a shading situation (the externally impressed current I SG is greater than the input current I E generated by the affected solar cell arrangement 130), the old constellation returns after this test pulse, which is illustrated by way of example in the middle section of FIG is.
  • the period T per is selected according to embodiments significantly larger than the duration of the test pulse T test (eg by a factor of 5 or more greater), so that the average power loss in the diode D 2 remains low.
  • the bypass and protection circuit described according to the embodiments of the invention can be easily realized as an integrated circuit, since no complex DC / DC converter circuits are required. They can be accommodated in a small volume and therefore laminated into the solar module itself.
  • the circuits can also be installed in the module connection box or be connected as an external unit with conventional modules.
  • the solar cells / solar modules connected to the bypass and protection circuit themselves may again have bypass diodes D B ⁇ p, which may be implemented as conventional diodes or as active circuits.
  • the bypass and protection circuit according to embodiments of the invention can be extended in a simple manner to the effect that via an external control signal ST, which either via the connection lines 136, 138 (Power Line transmission) or via the additional communication line 126 or wirelessly is transmitted by radio or magnetic fields, the module 130 can be selectively switched on.
  • the switch Si which is open in the non-activated state, is closed.
  • the switch S2 can either be permanently open or optionally closed in the non-activated state, and is activated when the module is activated in accordance with the strategy presented above.
  • the targeted switching on of the modules via a control signal can be used for safe installation or maintenance, for shutdown in the event of a fire or with appropriately coded turn-on signals for Theft protection.
  • the communication interface 122 can also be bidirectional in order to transmit status signals from the solar module to external evaluation devices.
  • the shutdown of the module can continue to be done within the circuit by means of the internal and / or external sensors. These include the shutdown in the event of overcurrent or overvoltage, excessive temperature Tj nt the circuit itself or T ext of the module or its environment, or the detection of unauthorized operating conditions such as interruptions or loose contacts within the solar generator.
  • the bypass and protection circuits for small currents can be realized without the switch S 2 , since the function of the active bypass switch S 2 is not mandatory for reducing the heat, but the bypass diode D 2 is sufficient. This leads to a cost saving, whereby the protection function and the possibility of a targeted switching on and off of the module via the externally or internally obtained signals is maintained.
  • the bypass element comprises a parallel connection of a switch S 2 and a diode D 2 .
  • an active bypass diode can be used which is not operated as a switch.
  • the supply voltage is obtained exclusively from the (low) voltage across the bypass element, whereby the bypass element (MOSFET) is permanently maintained in linear operation via a control circuit (with, for example, 50 mV voltage across the MOSFET).
  • embodiments of the invention may be implemented in hardware or in software.
  • the implementation may be performed using a digital storage medium, such as a floppy disk, a DVD, a Blu-ray Disc, a CD, a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM or FLASH memory, a hard disk, or other magnetic disk or optical memory, on the electronically readable control signals are stored, which can cooperate with a programmable computer system or cooperate such that the respective method is performed. Therefore, the digital storage medium can be computer readable.
  • some embodiments according to the invention include a data carrier having electronically readable control signals capable of interacting with a programmable computer system such that one of the methods described herein is performed.
  • embodiments of the present invention may be implemented as a computer program product having a program code, wherein the program code is operable to perform one of the methods when the computer program product runs on a computer.
  • the program code can also be stored, for example, on a machine-readable carrier.
  • inventions include the computer program for performing any of the methods described herein, wherein the computer program is stored on a machine-readable medium.
  • an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a computer program which has program code for carrying out one of the methods described herein when the computer program runs on a computer.
  • a further embodiment of the inventive method is thus a data carrier (or a digital storage medium or a computer-readable medium) on which the computer program is recorded for carrying out one of the methods described herein.
  • a further embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a data stream or a sequence of signals, which represent the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein.
  • the data stream or the sequence of signals may be configured, for example, to be transferred via a data communication connection, for example via the Internet.
  • Another embodiment includes a processing device, such as a computer or programmable logic device, configured or adapted to perform any of the methods described herein.
  • a processing device such as a computer or programmable logic device, configured or adapted to perform any of the methods described herein.
  • Another embodiment includes a computer on which the computer program is installed to perform one of the methods described herein.
  • a programmable logic device eg, a field programmable gate array, an FPGA
  • a field programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein.
  • the methods are performed by any hardware device. This may be a universal hardware such as a computer processor (CPU) or hardware specific to the process, such as an ASIC.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un circuit de dérivation et de protection pour un module solaire (130), comportant une entrée (102,104) pour le raccordement du module solaire (130), une sortie (106,108), un élément de dérivation (112) couplé en parallèle à la sortie (106,108) et un élément de séparation (110) couplé entre l'entrée et la sortie et configuré pour commander la liaison entre l'entrée et la sortie. L'invention est caractérisée en ce que l'élément de séparation (110) est configuré pour commander la liaison entre l'entrée (102,104) et la sortie (106,108) en fonction de la déconnexion totale ou partielle du module solaire (130) associé au circuit (100) ou bien en fonction de la nécessité de connecter ou de déconnecter le module solaire (130) associé au circuit (100).
PCT/EP2010/062419 2009-08-26 2010-08-25 Circuit de dérivation et de protection pour un module solaire et procédé de commande d'un module solaire WO2011023732A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

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ES10747618.6T ES2558341T3 (es) 2009-08-26 2010-08-25 Circuito de derivación y protección para un módulo solar y procedimiento para el control de un módulo solar
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CN102598287A (zh) 2012-07-18
EP2457258B1 (fr) 2015-11-04
EP2457258A2 (fr) 2012-05-30
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PT2457258E (pt) 2016-02-26
US20120194003A1 (en) 2012-08-02

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