WO2011022921A1

WO2011022921A1 - Reactor-type rapid measuring instrument for biochemical oxygen demand (bod) and measurement method thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2011022921A1
Application number: PCT/CN2010/000016
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王建龙; 孙中华
Original assignee: 清华大学; 江苏清大同和环境工程技术有限公司
Priority date: 2009-08-31
Filing date: 2010-01-05
Publication date: 2011-03-03
Also published as: CN101639472A

Abstract

A reactor-type rapid measuring instrument for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and a measurement method are provided. The measuring instrument includes an electrode (4) for dissolved oxygen and an aerated pipe (5) that are disposed in a biochemical reactor (2); an aerated system (6) connected with the aerated pipe; a converter (3) for dissolved oxygen connected with the electrode for dissolved oxygen; a computer system (7) for data processing; and immobilized microorganism particles (1). The measurement method includes: mixing, stirring, aerating and heating the sewage to be measured and the immobilized microorganism particles; controlling temperature; allowing the immobilized microorganism particles to decompose biodegradable organic pollutants in the water; allowing the concentration of dissolved oxygen to decrease continuously; and then calculating the BOD value of the measured water sample by a standard curve according to the difference of dissolved oxygen concentrations between two stable states.

Description

Description - A reactor type BOD rapid tester and its determination method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the field of environmental pollution monitoring, and relates to a reactor type B0D rapid measuring method and measuring instrument for rapid monitoring of organic pollution of water bodies. Specifically, in a measuring chamber composed of a fully mixed reactor, the immobilized microbial particles are used as biometric components of the B0D rapid measuring instrument to replace the biofilm used in the current B0D rapid measuring instrument, and the purpose is to improve the stability of the measurement result. Sex and reproducibility and extend the life of biometric components.

Background technique

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) indicates the amount of dissolved oxygen consumed by organic matter in water in the oxidation of microorganisms. The unit is mg/L, which can represent the degree of contamination of biodegradable organic pollutants in water.

At present, foreign and domestic (GB7488-87) mainly use the 5-day 20 °C culture method to determine the B0D value in the water sample. The specific method is to seal the water sample in the B0D measuring bottle and culture in the dark at 20 °C. After 5 days, the dissolved oxygen concentration before and after the sample culture was measured, and the difference between the two was 5d biochemical oxygen demand, which was counted as B0. However, this method has many shortcomings, such as long measurement period, complicated operation, poor reproducibility, large interference, and unsuitable on-site monitoring. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new method that is simple, accurate, fast, highly automated, and widely applicable to determine B0D.

A biosensor is a sensor that uses a living organism (mainly a microorganism) as a recognition material, and is mainly composed of a recognition material and a transducer. The identification material induces a component in a sample to be tested, and generates a signal proportional to the concentration of the substance to be tested. The transducer converts this signal into data that can be read.

The biosensor B0D rapid tester utilizes the principle of a biosensor, using microorganisms as a recognition material. When a sample enters the measurement chamber, the organic matter in the water sample contacts the microorganism and is decomposed by the microorganism. Microorganisms consume dissolved oxygen in the water during the decomposition of organic matter, resulting in a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration. The transducer can detect changes in dissolved oxygen concentration and produce corresponding signals. The magnitude of this signal change has a certain linear relationship with the B0D concentration in the sample. By processing the signal, the B0D value of the water sample can be obtained. Since the measurement process is carried out at a relatively high temperature (generally 20-30 ° C) and the water sample is aerated, the microbial reaction rate is accelerated, and the measurement time of B0D is greatly shortened. This is the basic principle of the biosensor B0D rapid tester. The basic components of B0D biosensors mainly include biometric components, reactors and transducers.

In 1977, Karube et al. successfully developed the B0D tester for the first time using the principle of microbial sensors. The instrument consists of an immobilized soil flora and an oxygen electrode, and the B0D value of the wastewater can be measured within 15 minutes. However, due to the destruction of the immobilized microbial membrane by the microbial enzyme, the sensor lost its activity after 10 days.

Reiss et al. (1998) successfully immobilized enzymes such as amylase and Trichosporon c / 3 7ei//5 to prepare immobilized biometric materials to improve the responsiveness of B0D sensors in the determination of high content of starch wastewater. Accuracy. The sensitivity of the sensor depends not only on the metabolic activity of the microorganism but also on the amount of enzyme immobilized.

Karube and Yokoyama (1993) and he used the luminescent bacteria Pho tobac terium phosphoreu 3⁄4 to create microbial identification elements, using the intensity of specific fluorescence emitted by biochemical reactions of microorganisms and organic matter to indicate the concentration of organic matter in the wastewater, thereby obtaining a water sample. B0D value.

Sakaguchi et al. (2003) used Escherichia coli as a microbial material that emits bioluminescence when degrading and metabolizing organic matter in water samples. The intensity of this fluorescence has a direct linear relationship with the amount of organic matter it absorbs. The fluorescence emitted by the microorganism is detected by a fluorescence detection device consisting of a photomultiplier tube and a photometer or a non-fluorescent glass or plastic tube. The B0D value in the water sample can be obtained very accurately.

In recent years, the rapid determination of B0D using biosensors has been extensively studied.

Using biosensors for rapid determination of B0D, the typical foreign products are Nisshin BOD 300 from Japan. And Biomonitor in Germany; domestic MS-1 BOD tester developed by Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Because MS-1 and BOD-300 are basically the same in principle and measurement method, only the flow state in the measurement chamber is slightly different, so it will not be introduced separately.

The B0D-300 and Biomonitor instruments are functionally divided into four parts: the sampling unit, the water sample conversion unit, the measurement unit, the control, the data recording and processing unit, where the measurement unit is the core construction of the sensor. The significant difference between the two instruments lies in the state of the microorganisms in the measuring unit: The B0D-300 instrument uses a biofilm fixation method, which is also a typical structure for the research and commercialization of B0D sensors. The microorganisms in Biomonitor are dispersed and suspended, so that the microorganisms can be directly connected to the test water sample in the biofilm type B0D rapid measuring instrument. Although the biofilm is provided by the manufacturer of the production instrument, the microorganisms required for measurement can be ensured. The instrument has the following main problems:

(1) The accuracy of the dissolved oxygen analyzer is high: In this method, the dissolved oxygen probe measures not the true dissolved oxygen concentration in the test water sample, but the dissolved oxygen concentration after diffusion through the biofilm, so that the electrical signal is weakened. - 3 orders of magnitude. Therefore, this method of measurement requires not only a good measurement environment, but also the support of a highly accurate dissolved oxygen meter, which makes the overall rapid tester expensive and the instrument performance stability is poor.

(2) Large mass transfer resistance: The biofilm type B0D measurement method is not only restricted by the metabolism of the microorganism itself, but also largely controlled by the mass transfer of the porous membrane of the immobilized microorganism, resulting in the measurement of the linear range. Narrow, generally only tens of mg / L, most samples need to be diluted before measurement.

(3) There are some defects in the biofilm itself: The mechanical strength of the biofilm is poor, easy to break, the biomass is not easy to control, and the replacement of the biofilm is difficult.

(4) There is an irreconcilable contradiction between the amount of microorganisms and the thickness of the biofilm: In general, the sensitive material used in the biofilm B0D rapid measurement method is fixed in the film. From the viewpoint of mass transfer, it is desirable that the biofilm is thinner. Good; but from the stability of the measurement, it is hoped that there will be more biomass, but this will lead to biofilm Thicker, causing an increase in mass transfer resistance, and a serious attenuation of dissolved oxygen signal.

Therefore, the conventional biofilm type B0D rapid measurement method has not been widely used so far.

In the Biomonitor rapid tester, microorganisms are in a state of dispersion and suspension. Although the problems in the biofilm method are largely solved, this measurement method has its own drawbacks, such as:

(1) The microorganisms it uses are measured on-site: Therefore, it is generally only used for the determination of B0D concentration in sewage treatment plants, and cannot meet the natural water monitoring away from sewage treatment plants.

(2) Frequent replacement of biometric materials may result in a lack of uniformity in measurement due to inconsistent microbial activity status.

Throughout the research history, development status and practical needs of B0D sensors, the current research on B0D rapid testers mainly focuses on the following aspects:

1. Study the new B0D rapid measurement method to overcome the problems in the biofilm measurement method.

2. Produce highly active, broad-spectrum biosensors to improve the stability of biological response.

3. Pretreatment of the water sample without affecting the B0D level of the water sample, such as dilution and precipitation of heavy metals, to improve the sensor's responsiveness, and more accurately and accurately reflect the B0D level of the water sample. ,

4. The development of more reasonable and more advanced transducers and signal processing equipment, such as semiconductor technology, piezoelectric crystal technology and other new conduction technology applications, as well as the combination of sensors and computers, will help the miniaturization of B0D sensors, Portable and practical.

Content of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a reactor type B0D rapid measuring method and measuring instrument, which is characterized in that a dissolved oxygen electrode and an aeration tube are placed in a mixed biochemical reactor of a reactor type B0D rapid measuring instrument; The aeration system, the dissolved oxygen electrode is connected to the dissolved oxygen converter, and the output of the dissolved oxygen converter is connected to the input interface of the computer data processing system; the mixture of the sewage to be tested and the immobilized microbial particles is added to the mixed biochemical reactor.

The immobilized microbial particles are embedded by a polymer gel or an inert adsorption carrier or adsorbed by microorganisms. The immobilized microbial particles are prepared as bio-identification elements, including immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae particles and immobilized activated sludge particles.

The hybrid biochemical reactor is used as a B0D measuring chamber and is made of organic and inorganic materials such as glass, plexiglass, ceramic or stainless steel.

The inert adsorption carrier for preparing the immobilized microorganism includes organic and inorganic materials such as activated carbon, ceramsite or plastic.

The polymer gel for preparing the immobilized microbial particles includes sodium alginate, carrageenan or agar of a natural high molecular polysaccharide, and a polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol or photocrosslinking resin which synthesizes a polymer compound. A reactor type B0D rapid measuring method, characterized in that, during measurement, the immobilized microbial particles are mixed with the sample to be tested in the measuring chamber, stirred and aerated, so that the dissolved oxygen is saturated, and the temperature is controlled by heating to reach the water sample. The predetermined measured temperature is set to the first stable state at this time, so that the immobilized microbial particles decompose the biodegradable organic pollutants in the water body, and consume dissolved oxygen in the water body, so that the dissolved oxygen concentration is continuously lowered, resulting in dissolved oxygen. The stage is reduced to a new steady state (second steady state); based on the difference in dissolved oxygen between the two steady states, the B0D value of the measured water sample can be calculated from the linear regression equation by a standard curve.

The heating control temperature condition is water bath heating, oil bath heating or air bath heating, and the temperature controlled by using different microorganisms as biometric materials is different.

The microorganisms are bacteria including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas put i da, Bacillus subtil lis-, fungi including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichosporon cutaneu, Hansenula anomala; and active sludge produced by various industrial wastewaters and domestic sewage in a wastewater treatment plant.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are that the reactor type B0D rapid determination method proposed by the present invention has the following main advantages as compared with the conventional BOD rapid measurement method: (1) The immobilized microbial particles are easy to prepare and can be stored for a long time, and the type and biomass of the microorganisms can be conveniently adjusted according to different detection objects;

(2) avoiding the large attenuation of the dissolved oxygen detection signal in the conventional membrane type measuring method, and reducing the requirement for the accuracy of the dissolved oxygen meter;

• (3) During the measurement process, the microbial particles are in full contact with the organic matter in the water sample, which speeds up the reaction and shortens the measurement time;

(4) By adjusting the amount of microbial particles, the measurement range of B0D rapid measurement can be expanded;

(5) Compared with the microbial membrane, the immobilized microbial pellet has a longer service life, and the activation and preservation of the microorganism is simpler and more convenient;

(6) Improve the stability of the instrument and the reproducibility of the measurement results.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 Measurement results for B0D concentrations ranging from 5 to 200 rag/1.

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the reactor type B0D rapid tester.

detailed description

The invention provides a reactor type B0D rapid measuring method and a measuring instrument. The following description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a reactor type B0D rapid analyzer. In the figure, the dissolved biochemical reactor 2 is provided with a dissolved oxygen electrode 4 and an aeration tube 5; the aeration tube 5 is connected to the aeration system 6, and the dissolved oxygen electrode 4 is connected to the dissolved oxygen converter 3, and the output of the dissolved oxygen converter 3 is discharged. An input interface of the computer data processing system 7 is connected; a mixture of the sewage 8 to be tested and the immobilized microbial particles is added to the hybrid biochemical reactor 2, which is used as a B0D measuring chamber, and is made of glass, plexiglass, Made of ceramic or stainless steel, in this fully-mixed measurement chamber, the immobilized microbial particles are used as biometric elements to replace the currently used biofilm or dispersed suspended microorganisms, improving the stability and measurement results of the analyzer. Reproducibility. The immobilized microbial particles include bacteria (such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas put i da, Bacillus subtillis, etc., fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichosporon cutaneum, Ihnsemila 20i la ^, and various industrial wastewater and domestic sewage generated in the wastewater treatment plant. Mud, adsorbed by an inert adsorption carrier (such as activated carbon, ceramsite or plastic); and sodium alginate, carrageenan or agar such as natural high molecular polysaccharides, and polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol or light of synthetic polymer compounds The immobilized microbial particles are prepared by embedding a cross-linked resin or the like, and one of the immobilized microbial particles is used as a bio-identification element to improve the mechanical strength of the bio-recognition element, more conveniently adjust the biomass, and prolong the service life of the bio-identification element. It is easier to replace biometric components, which can improve the stability and reproducibility of the B0D rapid tester.

The reactor type B0D rapid measurement method is: when measuring, the immobilized microorganism particles are mixed with the sample to be tested in the measurement chamber, stirred and aerated, and the dissolved oxygen is saturated therein, and the water bath is heated, the oil bath is heated or the air bath is used. Heating, control the measuring chamber temperature to 30 ± 1 °C. The immobilized microbial particles are decomposed into biodegradable organic pollutants in the water body, and the dissolved oxygen in the water body is consumed, so that the dissolved oxygen concentration is continuously lowered, and the dissolved oxygen is gradually lowered to a new stable state; according to the two steady states The difference between dissolved oxygen, through the standard curve, can be calculated according to the linear regression equation B0D value of the measured water sample; two of the steady state means that the first steady state is set to the water sample reaches the predetermined measurement temperature The second steady state is set to a range of three consecutive current value readings less than 0.001 μΑ.

During the measurement process, the immobilized microbial particles are in a state of dispersion and suspension, which increases the contact with organic substances, improves the reaction environment for degrading organic substances, and improves the detection speed, the reproducibility of the detection results, and the stability of the instrument. During the assay, the immobilized microbial particles are placed in a specially designed cage, driven by a lifting mechanism. When the microbial particles are in contact with the water sample, it is the starting point of the measurement; after the measurement, the microbial particles are driven away from the solution by the lifting mechanism.

After a sample test, the immobilized microbial particles need to restore their activity, and are washed with deionized water under aeration conditions to continue to decompose the surface of the microbial particles and the organic matter remaining inside the microparticles. The organism is in endogenous respiration to restore the metabolic vitality of the microorganism.

The preservation of immobilized microbial particles can be carried out by cryopreservation, dry storage at room temperature, and vacuum drying. The immobilized microbial particles that have been preserved for a long period of time need to be activated with nutrient solution before use.

The measurement method of the present invention will be described below by way of examples.

Example 1 The measurement of a standard B0D sample was carried out using the experimental apparatus. Standard GGA solutions with B0D concentrations of 5 mg/1, 20 mg/1, 50 mg/l, 100 mg/l, and 200 mg/1 were separately assayed. The test conditions are: water bath 30 ± 1 °C, aeration volume of 500 ml / min. The GGA standard with BOD value of 5 mg/1 had the shortest equilibrium time and took 5 minutes. The GGA standard with BOD value of 200 mg/1 had the longest time to reach equilibrium, which was 13 min.

The test results show that the detection range of the instrument is 5 - 200 mg / 1, and the linear correlation coefficient achieved by the measurement is 0.996, which satisfies the requirements of B0D rapid measurement (as shown in Figure 1).

Implementation ^ 2

Rapid determination of B0D by carrageenan immobilized activated sludge particles

(1) Weigh 2.0 g of carrageenan, mix with 100 mL of deionized water, heat to dissolve in a water bath, and then cool to room temperature to obtain a carrageenan solution;

(2) Centrifugally separate the activated sludge from the Gaobeidian Wastewater Treatment Plant, discard the supernatant, and wash the sludge with physiological saline (0.9% NaCl solution) for 3 times, with 100 mL according to the procedure ( 1) The prepared carrageenan solution is mixed to obtain a mixed solution;

(3) adding 1 g of chitosan to 100 mL of 2% KC1 solution to obtain a crosslinking agent solution;

(4) The mixed solution in (2) was dropped into a 35 Ό cross-linking agent solution with a syringe of 0. 40 ram ID to form microbial particles having a diameter of about 3 mm, and immersed therein for 5 h, and then Washing the immobilized microbial particles with physiological saline; (5) Using the immobilized microbial particles prepared in the step (4) as a biometric component of the BOD rapid measuring instrument, the B0D rapid detection of the standard sample is performed. The test conditions were as follows: water bath 30±rC, diluted with deionized water, and the aeration amount was 500 mL/min. The test results show that the immobilized activated sludge particles have good biological activity and can be used continuously for 3 months, and their activities are basically unchanged, which meets the measurement requirements.

Example 3 Detection of B0D value of domestic sewage by using immobilized microbial particles

(1) Centrifugally separate the activated sludge from the Gaobeidian Sewage Treatment Plant, discard the supernatant, and wash the sludge with physiological saline (0.9% NaCl solution) for 3 times, and store it in the refrigerator for storage. ;

(2) 15% (w/v) PVA and 1% (w/v) sodium alginate are heated and melted as a material for embedding immobilized microorganisms;

(3) uniformly mixing the above-mentioned concentrated sludge with the cooled embedding material prepared according to the step (2) in a ratio of 1: 2 (v/v);

(4) preparing 50% NaNO^n 1% CaCl solution as a crosslinking solution;

(5) adding the mixed droplet obtained in the step (3) to the cross-linking liquid prepared in the step (4) by using a syringe, and letting it stand for 3 h to obtain microbial particles having a diameter of 3 to 5 Å, using physiological saline (0). . 9% NaCl solution) Rinse well, put in a plastic water sample bottle and store in the refrigerator.

(6) The immobilized microbial particles prepared by the step (5) are used as biometric elements of the B0D rapid measuring instrument to detect the B0D value of the domestic sewage. The test conditions were: water bath 30 ± 1 °C, aeration volume of 500 mL / min. The domestic sewage used in the experiment was taken from the domestic sewage of the student canteen of Tsinghua University. The results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 B0D measurement results of domestic sewage B0D (rag/L) relative dilution factor deviation

1 2 3 4 5 6 Average Standard Method (%)

domestic sewage

183.3 172.2 166.7 170.4 181.5 179.6 174.1 180.0 3.28

Raw water

Diluted 2 times 77.1 70.0 75.9 73.5 71.2 62.9 71.8 72.2 0.6

Diluted 5 times 19.1 15.9 23.8 19.1 15.9 15.9 18.3 18.4 0.5

The results showed that the B0D rapid measurement value and the five-day B0D standard dilution measurement value were consistent in the determination of domestic sewage.

Example 4

PVA-embedded immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae as biometric component for detection of B0D

(1) Self-cultivating Saccharomyces cerevisiae, centrifuged 5 days later, discard the supernatant, and wash the cells with physiological saline (0.9% NaCl solution) for 3 times, and store in a refrigerator for storage;

(3) uniformly mixing the cells obtained in the step (1) with the cooled embedding material prepared in the step (2) at a ratio of 1: 2 (v/v);

(4) preparing a mixed solution of saturated boric acid and 1% (w/v) CaCl ₂ as a crosslinking liquid;

(5) adding the mixed droplet obtained in the step (3) to the cross-linking liquid prepared in the step (4) by using a syringe, and allowing to stand for 3 hours to obtain microbial particles having a diameter of 3 to 5;

(6) The microbial particles obtained in the step (5) were transposed into a 1 M Na P04 solution, soaked for about 2 h to obtain microbial particles awake with a diameter of 3 to 5, and rinsed with physiological saline (0.9% NaCl solution). Put it in a plastic water sample bottle and store it in the refrigerator;

(7) Preparation of B0D standard solution: A standard GGA solution with a B0D concentration of 50 mg/L was prepared using glucose and glutamic acid. (8) using the immobilized microbial particles prepared in the step (6) as a biometric component of the BOD rapid measuring instrument, and detecting a standard GGA solution having a B0D concentration of 50 mg/L, and the measurement condition is: the temperature is controlled at 30±1 °C. The amount of aeration is 200 _m L/min. The reproducibility of the measurement results is shown in Table 2. Table 2 Reproducibility of immobilized S. cerevisiae response to GGA solution with B0D ₅ of 50 mg/L

Number of measurements 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Initial DO concentration (mg/L) 6.24 6.17 6.33 6.74 6.7 6.72 6.89 6.76 Equilibrium DO concentration (mg/L) 5.94 5.8 5.98 6.4 6.4 6.38 6.54 6.32

DO reduction (mg/L) 0.3 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.3 0.34 0.35 0.34 As can be seen from the analysis of the data in the table, the number of measurements in the reproducibility test is 8 and the average value of the dissolved oxygen concentration is 0.34 mg/ L, the maximum relative deviation is 10.7%, which meets the B0D fast measurement requirements.

Claims

1. A reactor type B0D rapid analyzer, characterized in that a dissolved oxygen electrode and an aeration tube are placed in a hybrid bioreactor of a reactor type B0D rapid analyzer; an aeration tube is connected to an aeration system, and dissolved oxygen The electrode is connected to the dissolved oxygen converter, and the output of the dissolved oxygen converter is connected to the input interface of the computer data processing system; the mixed sewage of the sewage to be tested and the immobilized microorganism is added to the mixed biochemical reactor.

2 . The reactor type B0D rapid analyzer according to claim 1 , wherein the immobilized microbial particles are prepared by embedding or adsorbing microorganisms by a polymer gel or an inert adsorption carrier to prepare immobilized microbial particles. As a biometric component, it includes immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae granules and immobilized activated sludge granules. Book

The reactor type B0D rapid analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the fully mixed biochemical reactor is used as a B0D measuring chamber and is made of a material such as glass, plexiglass, ceramic or stainless steel.

The reactor type B0D rapid analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the inert adsorption carrier for preparing the immobilized microorganism particles comprises activated carbon, ceramsite or plastic.

The reactor type B0D rapid analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the polymer gel for preparing immobilized microbial particles comprises sodium alginate or carrageenan of natural high molecular polysaccharides. Agar, a synthetic polymer compound of polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol or a photocrosslinking resin.

A rapid measurement method using the reactor type B0D rapid analyzer according to claim 1, wherein, during the measurement, the immobilized microorganism particles are mixed with the sample to be tested in the measurement chamber, stirred and aerated, and the dissolved oxygen is dissolved therein. Saturated, heated to control the temperature conditions, so that the immobilized microbial particles decompose the biodegradable organic pollutants in the water, and consume dissolved oxygen in the water, so that the dissolved oxygen concentration is continuously reduced, resulting in the dissolved oxygen gradually decreasing to a new stable state. According to the difference of dissolved oxygen between the two steady states, the B0D value of the measured water sample can be calculated by a linear regression equation of the standard curve.

7 . The rapid measurement method of the reactor type B0D rapid measuring instrument according to claim 6 , wherein the heating control temperature condition is water bath heating, oil bath heating or air bath heating, and the control temperature is 30 soil res′. A rapid measurement method for a reactor type PON rapid analyzer according to claim 6, wherein said microorganism is bacteria including: aric zia coJ, Pseudomonas put i da, Bacillus subtil lis, - fungi including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichosporon cutaneum , Hansenula an hidden la; and activated sludge from various industrial and domestic sewage in wastewater treatment plants.

9 . The method of claim 6 , wherein in the measuring process, the immobilized microbial particles are placed in a specially designed cage, driven by a lifting mechanism. 9 . The microbial particles are the starting point of the measurement when they are in contact with the water sample; after the measurement is completed, the microbial particles are driven away from the solution by the lifting mechanism.

10. The rapid measurement method of a reactor type PON rapid analyzer according to claim 6, wherein the immobilized microbial particles need to recover their activity after being tested by a sample, that is, deionized under aeration conditions. The water is cleaned, and the organic matter remaining on the surface of the microbial particles and inside is continuously decomposed, so that the microorganisms are in endogenous respiration to restore the metabolic activity of the microorganisms.

The rapid measurement method of the reactor type PON rapid measuring instrument according to claim 6, wherein the immobilized microbial particles are preserved by cryopreservation, dry storage at a normal temperature, and vacuum drying, and are fixed after long-term preservation. The microbial particles need to be activated with a nutrient solution before use; the nutrient solution composition of the activated microbial particles is: 500 mg/l BOD nutrient solution composed of glucose and glutamic acid in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the immobilized microbial particles are placed In the activation solution, and aeration, the activation time was 4 h.