WO2011015277A1

WO2011015277A1 - Chassis for a motor vehicle comprising a portal axle having electrical machine

Info

Publication number: WO2011015277A1
Application number: PCT/EP2010/004301
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jochen Schmid; Christoph Raible; Cyrille Kunz Zimmermann
Original assignee: Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Ag; Drivetek Ag
Priority date: 2009-08-06
Filing date: 2010-07-15
Publication date: 2011-02-10
Also published as: DE102009036299A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a chassis (1) for a motor vehicle having a hollow portal axle (2) that accommodates two electrical machines (4), wherein a wheel (12) mounted in a rotatable manner in the region of each end of the portal axle (2) and each wheel (12) can be driven by means of a rotor (6) of the electrical machine (4) allocated thereto, and having a reduction gear (8, 9) arranged between the respective electrical machine (4) and the wheel (12) allocated thereto. According to the invention, a sensor (7) for registering the angle of rotation of the rotors (6) of the electrical machines (4) is arranged between the electrical machines (4) in said chassis. Such a chassis enables a precise determination of the angle position of the rotors of the electrical machines while having a structurally simple design.

Description

Trailer for a motor vehicle with an electrical machine

having portal axis

The invention relates to a chassis for a motor vehicle, with a hollow gantry axis, which accommodates two electric machines, wherein in each case a wheel is rotatably mounted in the region of the two ends of the gantry axis and each wheel by means of a rotor of the associated electric machine can be driven, and with a arranged between the respective electric machine and the wheel associated therewith reduction gear.

Such a chassis, which is used in a commercial vehicle, is known from DE 295 1 8 401 Ul. This commercial vehicle is a city bus for passenger transport. In city buses is arranged at a low level car floor, which is guided by the whole bus, required, especially in the area of the rear axle, which is designed as a rigid axle. In order to accomplish this, the hollow gantry axis is provided with the two electric machines received therefrom, which are designed as electric traction motors. The traction motors are arranged in the region of the two longitudinal sides of the bus. Between the respective electric machine and the wheel associated therewith, a transmission gear designed as a spur gear stage is arranged. A Făhrwerk with the features of the type mentioned is also known from DE 296 1 1 867 UI.

In DE 44 34 237 Al a vehicle axle with two electric Einzelradantrieben, in particular for economical vehicles, described. The two single-wheel drives are non-positively connected by means of a clutch to avoid overstressing of a single-wheel drive for a long time at uneven loading of the drive wheels of the vehicle axle. The wheel axle of the respective wheel is arranged radially offset from the axis of rotation of the rotor of the respective electric motor. The electrical input energy for the respective electric motor is generated in particular by a generator driven by an on-board internal combustion engine.

In DE 202 13 670 U l a directly driven drive axle of a motor vehicle with two electric drive motors is described, which are mounted in a common housing.

Object of the present invention is to ensure a precise determination of the angular position of the rotors of the electric machines in a chassis of the type mentioned in structurally simple design.

The object is achieved in that a measuring sensor for detecting the rotational angle of the rotors of the electric machines is arranged between the electrical machines.

The inventive construction of the chassis allows an absolutely reliable determination of the important for the control angular position of the rotors, thus the waves of the two electric drives. Since the sensor is also located between the electrical machines, the angular positions of the rotors can be determined by means of this sensor for both electric drives. This allows a Precise control of the electric rotating field with three-phase operated and thus very low-maintenance electrical machines.

In principle, it is sufficient if the sensor possesses at least one angle of rotation sensor per electric machine. However, it is considered preferable if two rotational angle sensors are provided per electric machine. In particular, different rotational angle sensors are provided for each electrical machine, for example a Hall sensor arrangement and an incremental encoder so as to simultaneously be able to carry out measurements according to different measuring principles. Preferably, the sensors are designed to be redundant in order to have available a further sensor with the same measuring principle in the event of a sensor failure.

For easy accessibility, the rotation angle sensors are mounted in the common sensor provided with a suitable shield, which can preferably be pulled out of the common housing for the two electrical machines.

The sensor comprises in particular a carrier part and two circuit boards. Preferably, the carrier part has a housing and an arm-shaped element. Particularly preferably, the carrier part is provided in one piece, e.g. Milled from metal, and therefore very stable. The boards extending over the arm-shaped element preferably receive at least one angle of rotation sensor on each of the two sides facing the electrical machines.

It is considered to be particularly useful if the sensor, in particular the boards, are insertable between the two electrical machines. The housing is in this case easily accessible from outside, for example from outside the electrical axis of the vehicle and it is thus in the event of a fault or a defect, a simple replacement of the entire sensor possible. A particularly simple storage of the sensor results when it is mounted in the housing of the gantry axis, in particular in the housing is inserted. Preferably, the housing is in one piece and serves to receive the two electrical machines. The electric machines are in particular arranged side by side, with a small distance from each other, which is dimensioned so that there is just enough space to place the arm-shaped element with the rotation angle sensors between the rotors of the two electric machines. In each case, one side of the arm-shaped element of the board points to one of the electrical machines. The axes of rotation of the rotors of the electrical machines are in particular on a common axis. In the event that the axes of rotation of the rotors of the electrical machines are not on a common axis, the measuring system is modified, for example, to compensate for the axial offset on the board.

In the chassis according to the invention, the frictional connection of the reduction gear and the wheel associated therewith preferably takes place by means of a propeller shaft. This allows the transmission of torques, without it being necessary to rigidly form the axle. As a result, unlike the motor vehicles according to the prior art discussed, the motor vehicle provided with the chassis can be provided with an independent wheel suspension. Hereby, the field of application of the landing gear is considerably extended, in particular to passenger cars, where it is advantageous for reasons of driving comfort and driving safety, if each wheel individually, i. regardless of the other wheels of the vehicle, and can rebound.

On the electric machine side, the sensor interacts in particular with a magnet connected to the rotor of the respective electric machine and / or connected to an incenter disk whose position is detected by the sensor. The invention thus proposes a sensor system for the electric machines associated with the wheels, in which the sensors for both electric machines are integrated in a carrier part. The arm-shaped element is designed here as Einschυb in the housing. The sensor technology is redundant, in particular by means of two different technologies.

The invention further proposes a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car, with a front axle and a rear axle, wherein the front axle and / or the rear axle is equipped with the described suspension according to the invention. It is in particular a motor vehicle in which the front axle is equipped with the suspension according to the invention and the rear axle is driven by means of an internal combustion engine.

In particular, the motor vehicle has an energy store and the electric machines are effective in engine operation and in generator operation.

The chassis according to the invention is thus used in particular in a vehicle which can be driven by means of a hybrid drive. The hybrid system serves to increase vehicle performance and reduce fuel consumption, in particular in the case of a sports car by adding the additional electric drive machines and the energy store. By means of the two electric machines, the drive shafts on the front axle of the motor vehicle can be impressed on a wheel individual positive or negative torque. Operation of the electrical machines accelerates the vehicle (motor operation) or decelerates it (regenerative operation). The energy store is being charged or discharged.

Further features of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the following description of the drawing and the drawing itself.

A preferred embodiment is shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. It shows:

1 shows the schematic structure of the chassis according to the invention, including the wheels associated with the gantry axle,

Fig. 2 is a spatial representation of the inventive

Suspension using the sensor,

3 shows the arrangement of the two electric drives and arranged between these sensors and

4 shows the detail A according to FIG. 3.

The vehicle equipped with the chassis according to the invention is in particular a motor vehicle intended for racing, the rear axle associated, individually suspended wheels are driven by an internal combustion engine and the front axle associated, also individually suspended wheels can be driven by electric motor, for example, an additional drive torque to apply the front wheels.

The following description of FIG. 1 relates to the design of the motor vehicle in the region of the front axle and the chassis designed in this respect.

This chassis 1 has a gantry axis 2 with a central, designed as a tube axle housing 3. This is used to hold two each operated with three-phase and preferably permanently excited electrical machines 4. The stator of the respective machine 4 is rotatably mounted in the axle housing 3, said axle housing 3 has the function of the axle housing of the machine 4. Within the stator 5 of the respective machine 4 whose rotor 6 is positioned.

The chassis 1 is arranged symmetrically with respect to the arranged between the electric machines 4, arranged perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotors 6 level 1 9. In this plane of symmetry 19, a sensor 7 is arranged, which corresponds to the sensor. summarize the respective angle of rotation of the rotors 6 is used. In this way, the respective angular position of the rotor 6, thus the shaft of the respective electric machine 4 can be detected. This is important for the exact control of the rotary electric field of the rotors 6 of the electric three-phase machines 4.

The vehicle has an energy store, so that the electric machines 4 can be effective in engine operation or in generator operation.

At the respective end of the axle housing 3, a planetary gear 8 is flanged. Based on the moment flux, a further reduction gear is arranged behind this planetary gear 8 and is designed as a spur gear stage 9. This is flanged to the planetary gear 8.

The portal axle 2 described so far is located in the front end in the region of the front axle. To maintain a low center of gravity, the gantry axle 2 is positioned as close as possible to the underbody of the vehicle. Furthermore, the portal axle 2 is positioned as close as possible to a steering gear of the vehicle.

The portal axle 2 is fastened with two holders to a chassis carrier of the vehicle. The holders are rigidly screwed in the region of the respective gear arrangement of planetary gear 8 and spur gear 9 with this.

The output shaft of the respective electric machine 4 is non-rotatably connected to the sun gear of the associated planetary gear 8. The ring gear of the planetary gear 8 is stationary. The planetary carrier receiving planet carrier is rotatably connected to the pinion of the spur gear 9, which is in engagement with the larger wheel of the spur gear.

With the output of the respective spur gear 9 a propeller shaft 1 0 is rotatably connected, which has a joint 1 1 in the region of both ends. The propeller shaft 10 is in the region of the associated spur gear 9 end remote from rotation with the Hub associated with the front wheel 12 of the vehicle. The reference numeral 13 is a sprung storage for the respective front wheel 1 2 illustrated. This is to illustrate an independent suspension of the wheel 1 2 greatly simplified.

Fig. 1 thus illustrates that in the formation of the chassis with propeller shafts 10 whose drive is electrically, with arrangement of the electric machines 4 and the axle housing 3 at a lower level than that of the axes of rotation of the wheels 12. The illustrated arrows represent momentary arrows to illustrate the moment in the region of the respective electric machine 4 and the associated PTO shaft 10, regardless of whether it is a motor or generator operation of the respective electric machine 4.

FIGS. 2, 3 or 4 illustrate the arrangement and structure of the measuring sensor 7 used in the chassis according to the invention. This comprises a carrier part which is embodied in one piece with a housing 1 4 and boards 15 a assigned to each electric machine 4. 1 5b. The boards 15a, 1 5b are bolted to the support member or housing 14 and cast. In the event of a fault or defect, the sensor 7 is simply removed from the axle housing 3 and can thus be exchanged. Specifically, the axle housing 3 is designed in one piece and not only serves to receive the two electric machines 4, but it is also the sensor 7 mounted in this axle housing 3, in particular in the axle housing 3 einschieb- and screwed. The carrier part or housing 14 also has an arm-shaped part which is arranged perpendicular to the housing and extends away therefrom between the two electrical machines 4. Here, an opening for inserting the carrier part or housing 14 is provided in the axle housing 3. When the carrier part or housing 14 is inserted, this is fixed in the axle housing 3 via means not illustrated.

When placed between the two electric machines 4 arm-shaped element of the support member or housing 1 4 results in a defined position of the boards 1 5a, 15b in the field of rotors ό of the two electric machines 4 and it can dem- According to take place by the Messαufnehmers recording of measured values of the electric machines 4. By the two electric machines 4 side by side, with a small distance from each other, lying, are the rotors 6, thus the waves of the two electric machines 4 on the common axis 1 6. The distance between the two ends of the rotors 6 from each other is sized in that with little play the arm-shaped element can be arranged between the rotors 6. In each case, one side of the arm-shaped element of the carrier part or housing 14 points to one of the electric machines 4.

On the arm-shaped element of the support member or housing 14 is on each of the two sides of a circuit board 1 5a, 15b with at least one rotation angle sensor, for measuring the respective angular position of the rotor ό, thus the shaft of the left and the shaft of the right electric machine 4, intended. In this case, a plurality of different sensors are preferably provided per board 1 5 a, 1 5 b, for example a Hall sensor arrangement 1 7 and an incremental encoder 1 8 in order to be able to carry out measurements simultaneously according to different measuring principles. Also preferably, these sensors 1 7, 18 are also designed to be redundant per board 15a, 15b in order to have available a further sensor with the same measuring principle in the event of a sensor failure. The Hall sensor arrangement (redundancy) is designated by the reference numeral 17a, the incremental encoder (redundancy) by the reference numeral 18a. In the case of the respective Hall sensor arrangement, for example, a chip is used which contains a Hall sensor bridge. The Hall sensor measuring bridge has in particular four Hall sensors. This chip can now output incremental encoder signals, or it could also output resolver signals. In particular, both measuring systems ultimately issue incremental signals.

As described above, the arrangement is arranged symmetrically with respect to the arranged between the electric machines 4, perpendicular to the axis 1 6 extending symmetry plane 1 9. Thus, the sensor 7 preferably has four separate sensors for each measuring principle, for each redundant measurement on the two boards 15a, 1 5b for the two electric machines 4. This allows an absolutely reliable determination of the important for the control angular position of the waves of the left electrical Machine 4 and the right electric machine 4.

The respective rotor 6 receives in the region of its end facing the circuit board 15a, 15b via an intermediate piece 20 to a permanent magnet 21, which cooperates with the Hall sensors 1 7 and 1 7a. In the region of its end facing the sinkers 15a, 15b, the intermediate piece 20 has an incremental disk 22 which interacts with the incremental encoders 18 and 18a.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Fαhrwerk

Portαlαchse

axle box

electric machine

stator

rotor

sensor

planetary gear

spur gear

propeller shaft

joint

front

sprung storage

Carrier part and housing

a board

b board

axis

Hall sensor arrangement

α Hall sensor arrangement

Incremental encoder

α incremental encoder

plane of symmetry

connecting piece

permanent magnet

increment disc

Claims

claims

1 . Chassis (1) for a motor vehicle, with a hollow gantry axle (2) which accommodates two electric machines (4), wherein in each case a wheel (1 2) is rotatably mounted in the region of the two ends of the gantry axle (2) and 12) by means of a rotor (6) of this associated electric machine (4) can be driven, and with a between the respective electric machine (4) and the associated wheel (1 2) arranged reduction gear (8, 9), characterized in that a measuring sensor (7) for detecting the rotational angles of the rotors (6) of the electric machines (4) is arranged between the electric machines (4) operated with three-phase current.

2. Suspension according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring sensor (7) per electric machine (4) at least one rotation angle sensor (1 7, 1 7a, 1 8, 18a), in particular per electric machine (4) has two rotation angle sensors (1 7 , 1 7a, 18, 1 8a).

3. Suspension according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotation angle sensor as a Hall sensor arrangement (1 7, 1 7a) or incremental encoder (18, 18 a) is formed.

4. Suspension according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the sensor (7) per electric machine (4) at least one Hall sensor arrangement (1 7, 1 7a) and at least one incremental encoder (1 8, 1 8a).

5. Suspension according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the two electric machines (4), with a small distance from each other, are arranged side by side, wherein the axes of rotation of the rotors (6) lie on a common axis (1 6).

6. Fährwerk according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the sensor (7) as a support member (1 4) with two provided thereon boards (1 5a, 1 5b) is designed.

7. Suspension according to claim 6, characterized in that the carrier part (1 4) consists of a housing for mounting the boards (15 a, 15 b) and extending away therefrom arm-shaped element, wherein between the electric machines (4) arranged Arm-shaped element on each of the two, the electrical machines (4) facing sides at least one rotation angle sensor (1 7, 1 7a, 1 8, 1 8a) receives.

8. Suspension according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the respective electrical machine (4) facing the rotation angle sensors (1 7, 1 7a, 18, 1 8a) are designed redundant.

9. Suspension according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the respective rotor (6), adjacent to the sensor (7), with a magnet (21) and / or an incremental disc (22) is provided.

1 0. Suspension according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the sensor (7) in a housing (3) of the gantry axis (2) is mounted, in particular in the housing (3) can be inserted.

1 1. Suspension according to claim 10, characterized in that the housing (3) is in one piece and serves to receive the two electric machines (4).

12. Suspension according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that the respective reduction gear (8, 9) via a propeller shaft (10) to the this reduction gear (8, 9) facing the wheel (1 2) is connected.

13. Motor vehicle, in particular passenger cars, with a front axle and a rear axle, wherein the front axle and / or the rear axle is equipped with a chassis (1) according to the features of one of claims 1 to 12.

14. Motor vehicle according to claim 13, wherein the front axle is equipped with a chassis according to the features 1 of claims 1 to 12 and the rear axle is driven by means of an internal combustion engine.

15. Motor vehicle according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the vehicle has an energy storage and the electric machines (4) are effective in engine operation and generator operation.