WO2011011997A1 - 一种发射波束跟踪方法、系统及发射端设备 - Google Patents
一种发射波束跟踪方法、系统及发射端设备 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011011997A1 WO2011011997A1 PCT/CN2010/071621 CN2010071621W WO2011011997A1 WO 2011011997 A1 WO2011011997 A1 WO 2011011997A1 CN 2010071621 W CN2010071621 W CN 2010071621W WO 2011011997 A1 WO2011011997 A1 WO 2011011997A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the field of wireless communications, and in particular, to a transmitting beam tracking method, system, and transmitting device.
- Frequency Division Duplex. for different uplink and downlink channels
- downlink channel estimation is not directly available from the uplink channel estimate.
- the prior art generally obtains downlink channel parameters by two types of methods: one is that the channel parameters obtained by the uplink channel estimation derive the parameters of the downlink channel; the other is by adding a feedback link from the receiver to the transmitter. The channel parameter estimated by the receiving end is fed back to the transmitter to implement.
- the combination of smart antenna and power control technology in CDMA systems is a very effective method, which can greatly increase system capacity.
- Closed-loop power control in CDMA systems is also a special feedback method, so that the receiving quality of the receiving end is reliable and the transmitting power of the transmitter is not too large.
- the receiving end is based on the received signal and the interference plus noise ratio ( Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio , SINR ) to instruct the transmitter to adjust its transmit power, which actually implies the channel strength number.
- SINR Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio
- a transmission beam tracking method under power control is proposed in the paper 'Transmit beam-tracking algorithm in FDD DMA cellular wireless system' IEE Electronics Letter, 2004, 40 (13): 814-816 by WEN WK and ZHOU YP.
- the base station uses a smart antenna, due to the directionality of the spatial spectrum of the smart antenna, as shown in Figure 1, the transmit power It varies with the direction of the beam, that is, it has directionality and can be written as:
- the smart antenna array is a Uniuniform Linear Antenna Array (ULA)
- ULA Uniuniform Linear Antenna Array
- the farther the system emits the azimuth from the user The larger; if and only if the system transmit beam is aimed at the user, ie the azimuth of the emission is Minimum system transmit power .
- the transmit power is adjusted by the closed-loop transmit power control until the user's SINR requirement is met, and the required transmit power is recorded as ,will with For comparison, update according to (3), (4) with .
- the transmission azimuth adjustment is performed according to the formula (2), and then the transmission power adjustment is performed according to the adjusted transmission azimuth, so that the transmission azimuth and the transmission power are repeatedly adjusted until the communication ends.
- the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a transmit beam tracking method for the deficiencies of the prior art. So that the user angle can still be tracked in the dynamic channel to meet the needs of practical applications.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a transmit beam tracking system.
- the present invention provides a transmit beam tracking method, the method comprising the steps of:
- Step a searching for a cell with a beam of equal interval width, and using a main lobe angle of a beam with a minimum transmit power as a current transmit azimuth;
- Step b under the current transmit azimuth, perform transmit power adjustment according to the received power control feedback information, and count the number of consecutively received power control feedback information that requires increasing transmit power;
- Step c determining that the counted number of times is equal to the preset first judgment threshold, increasing the azimuth iteration step size, and then performing step f;
- Step d determining that the counted number of times is equal to the preset second judgment threshold, clearing the counted times, and then performing step a;
- Step e determining that the transmission power adjustment under the current transmission azimuth is not completed, performing step b;
- Step f according to the transmit power after the completion of the transmit power adjustment of the current transmit azimuth and the transmit power after the transmit power adjustment of the previous transmit azimuth, the dynamic azimuth iteration step is used to perform the transmit azimuth update, and then step b is performed. ;
- the first determination threshold is smaller than the second determination threshold.
- the present invention provides a transmit beam tracking system, the system comprising:
- a beam search unit that searches for a cell with a beam of equal interval width, and takes a main lobe angle of a beam with a minimum transmit power as a current transmit azimuth;
- the transmitting azimuth updating unit is configured to perform the transmitting azimuth update by using the dynamic azimuth iteration step according to the transmit power after the transmit power adjustment of the current transmit azimuth is adjusted and the transmit power after the transmit power adjustment of the previous transmit azimuth is completed. ;
- a transmit power update unit configured to perform transmit power adjustment according to the received power control feedback information under the current transmit azimuth, and count the number of consecutively received power control feedback information that requires increasing transmit power
- an iteration step increasing unit configured to: when the number of times counted by the transmitting power updating unit is equal to a preset first determining threshold, increase an azimuth iteration step of the transmitting azimuth updating unit, trigger the transmitting position
- the angle update unit updates the current transmit azimuth
- a power control judging unit configured to determine whether the transmit power adjustment under the current transmit azimuth is completed, and if yes, trigger the transmit azimuth update unit to update the current transmit azimuth; otherwise, trigger the transmit power update unit to perform transmit power adjustment ;
- a search determining unit configured to determine whether the number of times counted by the transmit power update unit is equal to a preset second determination threshold, and if yes, clear the number of times the transmit power update unit counts, and trigger the beam search Retrieving the cell by the unit to re-determine the current azimuth of the transmission; otherwise, triggering the power control determining unit to perform the determination;
- the first determination threshold is smaller than the second determination threshold.
- the present invention provides a transmitting end device comprising the above described transmit beam tracking system, the device comprising an antenna array.
- the present invention has the following outstanding advantages:
- a transmission beam tracking method is implemented. The method can effectively track the user angle in static channel or dynamic, which greatly improves the accuracy of tracking the user angle at the transmitting end of the wireless communication system, and solves the existing technical problems.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a direction of a spatial spectrum of a smart antenna provided by the prior art
- 2(1) is an iterative schematic diagram of a transmission azimuth when a channel exhibits large fading as provided by the prior art
- 2(2) is an iterative schematic diagram of a transmission azimuth when the user moves away from the base station at a sufficient speed according to the prior art
- 2(3) is an iterative schematic diagram of a transmission azimuth when the user approaches the base station at a sufficient speed according to the prior art
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of implementing a transmit beam tracking method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmit beam tracking system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows an implementation flow of a method for tracking a transmit beam according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is described in detail as follows:
- step S301 Searching for a cell with equally spaced beams, and using the main lobe angle of the beam with the smallest transmit power as the current transmit azimuth;
- step S302 The transmit power adjustment is performed according to the received power control feedback information, and the number of consecutively received power control feedback information requesting to increase the transmit power is counted;
- step S303 the counted number of times is determined.
- step S304 is performed. Otherwise, step S305 is performed.
- step S304 increasing the azimuth iteration step size, and then performing step S308;
- step S305 the counted number of times is determined.
- step S306 is performed. Otherwise, step S307 is performed;
- step S306 the counted number of times is cleared, and then step S301 is performed to re-determine the current transmit azimuth;
- step S307 it is determined whether the transmission power adjustment under the current transmission azimuth is completed, and if yes, step S308 is performed. Otherwise, step S302 is performed.
- the transmit azimuth is updated according to the dynamic azimuth iteration step according to the transmit power after the transmit power adjustment of the current transmit azimuth and the transmit power after the transmit power adjustment of the previous transmit azimuth is completed, and then the steps are performed.
- S302 The transmit azimuth is updated according to the dynamic azimuth iteration step according to the transmit power after the transmit power adjustment of the current transmit azimuth and the transmit power after the transmit power adjustment of the previous transmit azimuth is completed, and then the steps are performed.
- the transmit beam tracking method is applied in a wireless communication environment, such as FDD wireless communication system, TDD
- the transmitting end device includes an antenna array, such as a uniform line array, a circular array, a square matrix, and the like, and the preset first determining threshold is greater than a preset second determining threshold.
- step S301 is performed to search for a cell with a beam of equal interval width of one beam width, and select the minimum transmit power.
- the main lobe angle of the beam is taken as the current emission azimuth. This ensures that the desired user is within the initial transmit beam main lobe.
- step S302 is performed at the current emission azimuth
- the fixed power control is used to adjust the transmit power.
- the current emission azimuth is , using the following equation to perform azimuth at the launch Under the transmission power adjustment:
- the unit is dB, select the step size supported by the wireless communication system, for example, in WCDMA system, fixed power control step size Take 0.5dB or 0.2dB, here, fixed power control step Take 0.5dB; label Indicates the number of times the transmitting end adjusts the transmit power, and takes an integer greater than or equal to 0; Current azimuth; label Indicates the number of times the transmitting end transmits the adjusted azimuth of the transmitting, and takes an integer greater than or equal to 0, where A value of 0 indicates that the current transmission azimuth determined in step S301 is performed for the first time.
- step S303 is performed to determine the statistics. Whether the number of consecutive 1s is equal to the preset first determination threshold Time_1.
- the selection of the first determination threshold Time_1 is related to the method for performing transmission power adjustment adopted in step S302, and is inversely proportional to the power control step size.
- step S302 adopting fixed step power control for transmitting power adjustment, and fixed power control step size
- the first judgment threshold Time_1 takes 4 .
- the first judgment threshold Time_1 can also take 3 or 5 and the like.
- the value of the first judgment threshold Time_1 should be increased slightly. For example, the first judgment threshold Time_1 takes 5 or 6.
- Step S304 is performed to augment the azimuth step.
- the transmission azimuth is updated by the above formula (2); otherwise, step S305 is performed to judge the statistics. Whether the number of consecutive 1s is equal to the preset second determination threshold Time_2.
- the value of the channel is related to the amplitude of the channel parameter, the width of the main beam of the transmitting beam, etc., and is proportional to the amplitude of the channel parameter or the width of the main beam of the transmitting beam.
- the first azimuth is iterative step size.
- the value generally does not exceed 1/6 of the width of the main beam of the transmitting beam. Any value between.
- the second determination threshold Time_2 is generally set to the power required to increase the user angle in the current communication environment (in dB) divided by the selected power control step size, and may be The communication model is appropriately adjusted slightly around the calculated quotient.
- the second judgment threshold times_2 can take any integer value between 25 and 50, here, the second Determine the threshold times_2 to take 30.
- the second judgment threshold times_2 can also take 25, 50, and the like.
- step S306 is performed, and the statistics will be After the number of consecutive times is zero, the process returns to step S301, and the cell is searched with a beam of equal interval width with a beam width to re-determine the current azimuth of the transmission. Otherwise, step S307 is performed to determine the current azimuth of the transmission. Whether the transmission power adjustment under is completed.
- step S308 is performed according to the current transmission azimuth Transmit power after the completion of the lower transmit power adjustment and the previous transmit azimuth
- the transmit power after the completion of the lower transmit power adjustment using the dynamic azimuth iteration step to update the transmit azimuth And then returns to step S302, after the updated emission azimuth
- the transmission power adjustment is performed; otherwise, the process returns directly to step S302 to continue the azimuth of the original transmission.
- the transmit power adjustment is performed.
- step S308 is specifically:
- the current transmission azimuth is updated in a forward iteration when there is no previous transmission azimuth or when the transmission power after the completion of the transmission power adjustment at the current transmission azimuth is not greater than the transmission power after the transmission power adjustment is completed in the previous transmission azimuth;
- the reverse iteration updates the current transmit azimuth.
- the label Take an integer greater than or equal to 1.
- the previous launch azimuth is .
- First based on the current azimuth of the launch Transmit power after completion of transmission power adjustment
- the previous launch azimuth Transmit power after completion of transmission power adjustment , using the above formula (3) to determine the convergence factor , which is
- the current emission azimuth is updated by the above formula (2). , which is .
- the search determines that the current transmission azimuth is , label Take 0, then set the initial convergence factor , the initial step size is , update the current launch azimuth to , , that is, iteratively updating the current emission azimuth, using the obtained As the current transmission azimuth of the wireless communication system.
- Initial step size The selection is proportional to the width of the main beam of the transmitting beam, and generally takes 1/8 to 1/6 of the width of the main lobe of the transmitting beam.
- step S307 Normally, after the transmission azimuth tracks the upper user angle, it is iterated back and forth around the user angle, corresponding to the method of adjusting the transmission power by using the fixed step power control in step S302, in step S307, according to the received power control.
- Feedback Whether the number of consecutive sign changes is equal to the preset third judgment threshold Time_3 determines whether the transmission power adjustment is completed.
- the third determination threshold Time_3 is selected according to experience, and generally takes an arbitrary integer between 3 and 6.
- the third judgment threshold Time_3 takes 3 and is considered as the received power control feedback.
- the transmit power adjustment is completed when there are 3 consecutive signs.
- the third determining threshold Time_3 in step S307 It can also be set to other values according to actual needs, such as 4, 6, and so on.
- step S302 After that, it also includes:
- step S303 Determining whether the azimuth iteration step size is less than a preset minimum azimuth iteration step size, and if so, counting the number of consecutively received power control feedback information required to reduce the transmission power, otherwise performing step S303;
- step S308 is performed after increasing the azimuth iteration step, otherwise step S303 is performed.
- the selected minimum azimuth iteration step is proportional to the minimum azimuth iteration step supported by the communication system, and is proportional to the sharpness at the peak of the main beam of the transmitted beam.
- the sharper the peak of the main lobe of the transmitted beam is the minimum azimuth iteration.
- the step size selection value is smaller.
- the minimum azimuth iteration step can take any value between 0.1 ° and 3 °, such as 0.1 °, 0.2 °, 3 °, and so on.
- the azimuth iteration step is smaller than the preset minimum azimuth iteration step, the emission angle has already tracked the upper user angle. Under normal circumstances, the number of times required to continuously reduce the transmission power is generally not too much.
- the number of times of continuously reducing the transmission power is too large. When a certain value is reached, it is considered that the user may have a sudden change in the angle of the user due to the user approaching the transmitting end at a sufficient speed, and the emission angle does not track the upper user angle.
- the selection of the fourth determination threshold Time_4 is related to the adopted method for performing transmission power adjustment and the corresponding condition for determining whether the transmission power adjustment is stable, and is inversely proportional to the selected power control step size, and generally takes any of 4 to 10
- the fourth judgment threshold Time_4 is taken as 6 , and when the number of times of continuously reducing the transmission power is required to be 6 times, it is considered that the user may have a sudden change in the angle of the user due to the user approaching the transmitting end at a sufficient speed, and the transmission angle is not Track the user's corner.
- step S308 is performed to update the current azimuth, that is, the azimuth iteration step.
- second azimuth iteration step The value generally does not exceed 1/6 of the width of the main lobe of the transmit beam, which can be taken. Any value between.
- step S302 uses a dynamic power control step size to perform transmission power adjustment, assuming that the current transmission azimuth is , using the following equation to perform azimuth at the launch Under the transmission power adjustment:
- the transmit power is convergent.
- the preset minimum dynamic power control step size when At this time, it is considered that the transmission power adjustment under the current transmission azimuth has been completed, and in this way, in step S307, it is judged whether the transmission power adjustment under the current transmission azimuth is completed.
- the selection of the first determination threshold Time_1 and the second determination threshold Time_2 is determined based on factors such as the variation rule of the dynamic power control step and the channel variation amplitude.
- FIG 4 The structure of the transmit beam tracking system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown, and only parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown for convenience of description.
- the system can be used for a transmitting end device including an antenna array such as a uniform line array, a circular array, a square array, etc., and can be a software unit, a hardware unit or a combination of hardware and software running in these devices, or can be used as an independent pendant. Integrated into these devices or running on the applications of these devices, where:
- Beam search unit 401 The cell is searched with a beam of equal interval width, and the main lobe angle of the beam with the smallest transmit power is taken as the current transmit azimuth.
- the implementation manner is as described above and will not be described again.
- Transmit azimuth update unit 402 According to the transmit power after the completion of the transmit power adjustment of the current transmit azimuth and the transmit power after the transmit power adjustment of the previous transmit azimuth, the dynamic azimuth iteration step is used to perform the transmit azimuth update, and the implementation manner is as described above. ,No longer.
- Transmit power update unit 403 The current transmission azimuth is adjusted according to the received power control feedback information, and the number of consecutively received power control feedback information required to increase the transmission power is counted, and the implementation manner thereof is as described above, and details are not described herein again.
- An iteration step size increment unit 404 when the transmit power update unit 403 When the counted number is equal to the preset first judgment threshold, after the azimuth iteration step of the transmit azimuth update unit 402 is increased, the transmit azimuth update unit 402 is triggered.
- the current emission azimuth is updated, and its implementation is as described above, and will not be described again.
- the search judging unit 406 judges the transmission power update unit 403 Whether the counted number is equal to the preset second judgment threshold, if yes, the number of times counted by the transmission power update unit 403 is cleared, and the beam search unit 401 is triggered. The cell is searched again to re-determine the current azimuth. Otherwise, the trigger power control judging unit 405 performs the determination, and the implementation manner is as described above, and details are not described herein.
- the first determination threshold is smaller than the second determination threshold.
- the transmit beam tracking system may further include:
- An iterative step size determining unit 407 at the transmitting azimuth updating unit 402 The statistical transmit power update unit 403 when the azimuth iteration step size is less than the preset minimum azimuth iteration step size The number of consecutively received power control feedback information required to reduce the transmission power, and the transmission azimuth update unit is added when the number of consecutive times of the power control feedback information required to reduce the transmission power is equal to the preset fourth determination threshold After the azimuth angle of the iteration step 402, the triggering azimuth updating unit 402 updates the current transmitting azimuth.
- the implementation manner is as described above and will not be described again.
- a method of transmitting beam tracking is implemented. The method can effectively track the user angle in static channel or dynamic, and improves the accuracy of tracking the user angle at the transmitting end of the wireless communication system.
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Description
本发明属于无线通信领域，尤其涉及一种发射波束跟踪方法、系统及发射端设备。
对于上、下行信道各异的频分双工（ Frequency Division Duplex. ， FDD
）无线通信系统，下行信道估计并不能由上行信道估计直接获得。现有技术通常通过两类方法来获取下行信道参数：一类是由上行信道估计获得的信道参数推导下行信道的参数来实现；另一类是通过增加一条接收端到发射机的反馈链路，将接收端估计的信道参数反馈给发射机来实现。
现有在 CDMA 系统中结合智能天线与功率控制技术是一种非常有效方法，可以大大增加系统容量。而同时
CDMA 系统中的闭环功率控制也是一种特殊的反馈方法，使接收端的信号接收质量可靠而发射机的发射功率又不会过大，接收端根据接收的信号与干扰加噪声比（
Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio ， SINR
）来指示发射机调整其发射功率，这其中实际上也暗示了信道强度编号。
在 WEN W K 和 ZHOU Y P 的论文' Transmit beam-tracking
algorithm in FDD DMA cellular wireless system ' IEE Electronics Letter,2004,40
（ 13 ） :814-816 中提出了一种在功率控制下的发射波束跟踪方法。当基站使用智能天线时，由于智能天线空间谱的方向性，如图 1 所示，发射功率
随波束的指向而有所不同，即具有方向性，可写为：
其中，
为发射波束空间谱表达式，
为用户要求的 SINR 阈值， G
为信道增益， I 为干扰， N 为噪声，
为发射方位角，
为用户角
方向上的导向向量，
为对应发射方位角
的智能天线权向量，
表示共轭转置。
并且，如果智能天线阵列是均匀线阵（ Nonuniform Linear Antenna Array ，
ULA ），且阵元距为半波长时，系统发射功率
与发射方位角
之间具有如下两个性质：
性质 1. 当
时，系统发射功率最小，即
；
性质 2. 假设
主瓣内的方位角
和
满足
，则
。
因此，系统发射方位角离用户越远，
就越大；当且仅当系统发射波束对准用户，即发射方位角为
时，才有最小系统发射功率
。
假设用户落在当前发射波束空间谱
的主瓣范围内，设当前发射功率为
，若满足
，则说明当前发射方位角
比前一次的发射方位角
更接近
；反之，则说明当前发射方位角远离
。则有如下跟踪迭代算法，以搜索用户方位角：
其中，
而
为收敛因子，
为方位角迭代步长。可以证明此算法是收敛的，且
。
在每次通过（ 2 ）式得到一个发射方位角
后，就通过闭环发射功率控制调整发射功率，直到满足用户的 SINR 要求，将满足要求的发射功率记为
，将
和
作比较，根据（ 3 ）、（ 4 ）式更新
和
。然后，再根据（ 2
）式进行发射方位角调整，接着根据调整后的发射方位角进行发射功率调整，这样重复对发射方位角和发射功率进行调整，直到通信结束。
但是，当信道变化时，如图 2 （ 1 ）所示，当发射方位角迭代到某一角度
时由于信道出现大的衰落等原因，需要的发射功率
相对静止信道时大很多，但由于
，发射方位角进行反向迭代，直到到达
时，由于
，再次反向迭代。于是发射方位角就在角度
附近往返迭代，很难再搜索到用户角
。
另外，如图 2 （ 2
）所示，当用户以足够的速度远离基站时，根据上述方法提供的发射方位角迭代条件，会造成错误方向迭代；如图 2 （ 3
）所示，当用户以足够的速度接近基站时，根据上述方法提供的发射方位角迭代条件，也会造成错误方向迭代。
由上可知，现有发射波束跟踪方法只适用于静态信道，在动态信道中采用该方法则不一定能跟踪到用户角，不能满足实际应用的需求，这是本领域一个急待解决的技术难题。
本发明的主要目的是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种发射波束跟踪方法
，使得在动态信道中仍能跟踪到用户角，满足实际应用的需求 。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种发射波束跟踪系统。
本发明的目的还在于提供一种包含上述发射波束跟踪系统的发射端设备。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案予以实现。
A.本发明提供了一种发射波束跟踪方法，所述方法包括下述步骤：
步骤a、用等间隔宽度的波束搜索小区，将具有最小发射功率波束的主瓣角度作为当前发射方位角；
步骤b、在当前发射方位角下，根据接收到的功率控制反馈信息进行发射功率调整，并统计连续接收到的要求增加发射功率的功率控制反馈信息的次数；
步骤c、判断统计到的次数等于预设的第一判断阈值时，增加方位角迭代步长，然后执行步骤f；
步骤d、判断统计到的次数等于预设的第二判断阈值时，将统计到的次数清零，然后执行步骤a；
步骤e、判断到当前发射方位角下的发射功率调整未完成时，执行步骤b；
步骤f、根据当前发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率与上一发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率，采用动态方位角迭代步长进行发射方位角更新，然后执行步骤b；
所述第一判断阈值小于所述第二判断阈值。
B.本发明提供了一种发射波束跟踪系统，所述系统包括：
波束搜索单元，用等间隔宽度的波束搜索小区，将具有最小发射功率波束的主瓣角度作为当前发射方位角；
发射方位角更新单元，用于根据当前发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率与上一发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率，采用动态方位角迭代步长进行发射方位角更新；
发射功率更新单元，用于在当前发射方位角下，根据接收到的功率控制反馈信息进行发射功率调整，并统计连续接收到的要求增加发射功率的功率控制反馈信息的次数；
迭代步长增加单元，用于当所述发射功率更新单元统计到的次数等于预设的第一判断阈值时，增加所述发射方位角更新单元的方位角迭代步长后，触发所述发射方位角更新单元更新当前发射方位角；
功率控制判断单元，用于判断当前发射方位角下的发射功率调整是否完成，如果是则触发所述发射方位角更新单元更新当前发射方位角，否则，触发所述发射功率更新单元进行发射功率调整；
搜索判断单元，用于判断所述发射功率更新单元统计到的次数是否等于预设的第二判断阈值，如果是则将所述发射功率更新单元统计到的次数清零，并触发所述波束搜索单元重新搜索小区，以重新确定当前发射方位角，否则，触发所述功率控制判断单元进行判断；
所述第一判断阈值小于所述第二判断阈值。
C. 本发明提供了一种包含上述发射波束跟踪系统的发射端设备，所述设备包含天线阵列。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下突出的优点：
在本发明中，通过统计连续接收到的要求增加发射功率的功率控制反馈信息的次数，确定是否需要采用动态方位角迭代步长进行发射方位角更新，或重新搜索小区以重新确定当前发射方位角，实现了一种发射波束跟踪方法。该方法在静态信道或动态中均能有效跟踪到用户角，大大提高了无线通信系统发射端跟踪用户角的准确性，使现存的技术难题迎刃而解。
图1是现有技术提供的智能天线空间谱的方向示意图；
图2（1）是现有技术提供的当信道出现大的衰落时，发射方位角的迭代示意图；
图2（2）是现有技术提供的当用户以足够的速度远离基站时，发射方位角的迭代示意图；
图2（3）是现有技术提供的当用户以足够的速度接近基站时，发射方位角的迭代示意图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的发射波束跟踪方法的实现流程图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的发射波束跟踪系统的结构示意图。
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例 1
通过统计连续接收到的要求增加发射功率的功率控制反馈信息的次数，确定是否需要采用动态方位角迭代步长进行发射方位角更新，或重新搜索小区以重新确定当前发射方位角。
图 3 示出了本发明实施例提供的发射波束跟踪方法的实现流程，详述如下：
在步骤 S301
中，用等间隔宽度的波束搜索小区，将具有最小发射功率波束的主瓣角度作为当前发射方位角；
在步骤 S302
中，在当前发射方位角下，根据接收到的功率控制反馈信息进行发射功率调整，并统计连续接收到的要求增加发射功率的功率控制反馈信息的次数；
在步骤 S303 中，判断统计到的次数，当统计到的次数等于预设的第一判断阈值时，执行步骤 S304
，否则执行步骤 S305 ；
在步骤 S304 中，增加方位角迭代步长，然后执行步骤 S308 ；
在步骤 S305 中，判断统计到的次数，当统计到的次数等于预设的第二判断阈值时，执行步骤 S306
，否则执行步骤 S307 ；
在步骤 S306 中，将统计到的次数清零，然后执行步骤 S301 ，重新确定当前发射方位角；
在步骤 S307 中，判断当前发射方位角下的发射功率调整是否完成，如果是则执行步骤 S308
，否则执行步骤 S302 。
在步骤 S308
中，根据当前发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率与上一发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率，采用动态方位角迭代步长进行发射方位角更新，然后执行步骤
S302 ；
发射波束跟踪方法应用于无线通信环境下，例如 FDD 无线通信系统、 TDD
无线通信系统等，其发射端设备包含天线阵列，例如均匀线阵、圆阵、方阵等均适用，预设的第一判断阈值大于预设的第二判断阈值。
首先，执行步骤 S301 ，用间隔是一个波束宽度的等间隔宽度的波束搜索小区，选择具有最小发射功率
波束的主瓣角度作为当前发射方位角，记为
，这样可以保证期望用户在初始发射波束主瓣内。
然后，执行步骤 S302 ，在当前发射方位角
下，根据接收到的功率控制反馈信息，采用固定步长功率控制进行发射功率调整。这里，假设当前发射方位角为
，采用下式进行在发射方位角
下的发射功率调整：
其中，
，为发射端接收到的接收端返回的功率控制反馈信息，
为
1 表示接收端要求发射端增加发射功率，
为－
1 表示接收端要求发射端减少发射功率；
为固定功率控制步长，单位是 dB ，选取无线通信系统支持的步长即可，例如，在 WCDMA 系统中，固定功率控制步长
取
0.5dB 或 0.2dB ，这里，固定功率控制步长
取
0.5dB ；标号
表示发射端调整发射功率的次数，取大于等于 0 的整数；
为当前发射方位角；标号
表示发射端发射调整发射方位角的次数，取大于等于 0 的整数，其中，
为
0 表示第一次执行步骤 S301 确定的当前发射方位角。对于各发射方位角
下的初始发射功率
，可以根据经验取一固定值。当然，也可以取发射方位角
下的最后一次发射功率
，但对于发射方位角
，则取步骤 S301 中所选择的具有最小发射功率波束的发射功率
。
同时，统计连续接收到的要求增加发射功率的功率控制反馈信息的次数，即统计接收到的
连续为 1 的次数。
接着，执行步骤 S303 ，判断统计到的
连续为 1 的次数是否等于预设的第一判断阈值 Time_ 1 。 其中，第一判断阈值 Time_1 的选取与步骤 S302
中采用的进行发射功率调整的方法有关，与功率控制步长成反比关系。对应于步骤 S302 采用固定步长功率控制进行发射功率调整，且固定功率控制步长
取
0.5dB 情况，只需要第一判断阈值 Time_ 1 ≥ 3 即可，一般取 3 ～ 6 之间的任意整数。这里，第一判断阈值 Time_ 1 取 4
。当然，第一判断阈值 Time_ 1 也可以取 3 或 5 等。另外，对于固定功率控制步长
取
0.2dB 时，第一判断阈值 Time_ 1 的取值应再稍微增大，例如 第一判断阈值 Time_ 1 取5或6。
假设当前发射方位角为
，如果统计到的
连续为 1 的次数等于预设的第一判断阈值 Time_ 1 ，则说明当前发射方位角
没有接近用户角，需要增加方位角迭代步长后更新当前发射方位角，执行步骤 S304 ，将方位角迭代步长
置为预设的第一方位角迭代步长
后，再由上述（ 2 ）式更新发射方位角；否则，执行步骤 S305 ，判断统计到的
连续为 1 的次数是否等于预设的第二判断阈值 Time_2 。
其中，第一方位角迭代步长
的取值与信道参数变化幅度、发射波束主瓣宽度等有关，与信道参数变化幅度或发射波束主瓣宽度成正比，第一方位角迭代步长
的取值一般不超过发射波束主瓣宽度的 1/6 ，可以取
之间的任意值。另外，第二判断阈值 Time_2 一般设置为当前通信环境下用户角出现大角度跳变所需要增大的功率数（单位为 dB
）除以所选取的功率控制步长的得到商值，并可根据通信模型适当在计算得到的商值附近作小幅调整。根据经验，对应于采用固定步长功率控制进行发射功率调整，且固定功率控制步长
取
0.5dB 时，一般用户角出现大角度跳变，需要增大的功率大部分会达到十几个 dB ，所以第二判断阈值 times_2 可以取 25 ～ 50
之间的任意整数值，这里，第二判断阈值 times_2 取 30 。当然，第二判断阈值 times_2 还可以取 25 、 50 等。
假设当前发射方位角为
，如果统计到的
连续为 1 的次数等于预设的第二判断阈值 Time_2 ，说明经过多次发射方位角的更新后，当前发射方位角
可能已经远离用户角，则执行步骤 S306 ，将统计到的
连续为 1 的次数清零后，返回步骤 S301 ，重新用间隔是一个波束宽度的等间隔宽度的波束搜索小区，以重新确定当前发射方位角
；否则，执行步骤 S307 ，判断当前发射方位角
下的发射功率调整是否完成。如果判断结果为已经完成当前发射方位角
下的发射功率调整，则执行步骤 S308 ，根据当前发射方位角
下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率与上一发射方位角
下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率，采用动态方位角迭代步长进行发射方位角更新得
，然后返回步骤 S302 ，在更新后的发射方位角
下进行发射功率调整；否则，直接返回步骤 S302 ，继续在原发射方位角
下进行发射功率调整。以此类推，重复上述过程，直到用户结束通信。
其中，上述步骤 S308 具体为：
当不存在上一发射方位角或当当前发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率不大于上一发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率时，正向迭代更新当前发射方位角；
当当前发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率大于上一发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率时，反向迭代更新当前发射方位角。
在本实施例中，对于存在上一发射方位角的情况，即标号
取大于等于 1 的整数。假设当前发射方位角为
，上一发射方位角为
。先根据当前发射方位角
下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率
和上一发射方位角
下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率
，用上述（ 3 ）式确定收敛因子
，即
然后，根据收敛因子
用上述（ 4 ）式更新方位角迭代步长，即
；
最后，根据更新后的方位角迭代步长由上述（ 2 ）式更新当前发射方位角为
，即
。
对于不存在上一发射方位角的情况，即对于第一次执行步骤 S301 ，搜索确定当前发射方位角为
，标号
取
0 ，则设初始收敛因子
，初始步长为
，更新当前发射方位角为
，
，即正向迭代更新当前发射方位角，用得到的
作为无线通信系统当前发射方位角。初始步长
的选取与发射波束主瓣宽度成正比，一般取发射波束主瓣宽度的 1/8 ～ 1/6 。
正常情况下，发射方位角跟踪上用户角后，就在用户角附近来回迭代，对应于步骤 S302
采用固定步长功率控制进行发射功率调整的方式，在步骤 S307 中，可以根据接收到的功率控制反馈
出现连续变号的次数是否等于预设的第三判断阈值 Time_3 判断发射功率调整是否完成。其中，第三判断阈值 Time_3 根据经验选取，一般取 3 ～ 6
之间的任意整数。这里，第三判断阈值 Time_3 取 3 ，认为当接收到的功率控制反馈
出现连续 3 次变号时，发射功率调整完成。假设对于当前发射角
，从第 n 次功率更新开始，功率控制反馈
连续
3 次出现变号，即发射功率连续更新为
和
，即认为在当前发射方位角
下的发射功率调整已经完成，将发射功率
或
记为当前发射方位角
下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率
，执行步骤 S308 ，以更新当前发射方位角。
当然，对于采用固定步长功率控制进行发射功率调整的方式，步骤 S307 中第三判断阈值 Time_3
还可以根据实际需要设置为其它值，例如 4 、 6 等。
实施例 2
进一步地，在发射方位角接近用户角后，为了保证所述方法在用户角突变的情况下仍然能够跟踪到用户角，作为本发明的一个优选实施例，在步骤 S302
后，还包括：
判断方位角迭代步长是否小于预设的最小方位角迭代步长，如果是则统计连续接收到的要求减少发射功率的功率控制反馈信息的次数，否则执行步骤 S303 ；
判断统计到的要求减少发射功率的功率控制反馈信息的连续次数等于预设的第四判断阈值时，增加方位角迭代步长后执行步骤 S308 ，否则执行步骤 S303 。
这里，选取的最小方位角迭代步长与通信系统支持的最小方位角迭代步长成正比，与发射波束主瓣峰值处的尖锐程度成正比，发射波束主瓣峰值处越尖锐则最小方位角迭代步长选取值越小。这里，最小方位角迭代步长可以取
0.1 °～ 3 °之间的任意值，例如 0.1 °、 0.2 °、 3
°等。一般情况下，当方位角迭代步长小于预设的最小方位角迭代步长时，发射角就已经跟踪上用户角，在正常情况下要求连续减少发射功率的次数一般不会太多，当要求连续减少发射功率的次数过多，达到一定值时，认为可能由于用户以足够的速度接近发射端等而造成用户角突变，发射角没有跟踪上用户角。第四判断阈值
Time_4 的选取与采用的进行发射功率调整的方法及其对应的判断发射功率调整是否稳定的条件有关，与所选取的功率控制步长成反比关系，一般取 4 ～ 10
中的任意整数，在本实施例中，第四判断阈值 Time_4 取 6 ，当要求连续减少发射功率的次数达到 6
次时，认为可能由于用户以足够的速度接近发射端等而造成用户角突变，发射角没有跟踪上用户角。此时，需要增加方位角迭代步长后执行步骤 S308
，更新当前发射方位角，即将方位角迭代步长
置为预设的第二方位角迭代步长值
后，再由上述（ 2 ）式更新当前发射方位角。与第一方位角迭代步长
的取值相似，第二方位角迭代步长
的取值一般不超过发射波束发射波束主瓣宽度的 1/6 ，可以取
之间的任意值。
实施例 3
为了提高波束定位的精确性，作为本发明的另一个优选实施例，步骤 S302
采用动态功率控制步长进行发射功率调整，假设当前发射方位角为
，采用下式进行在发射方位角
下的发射功率调整：
其中，
为动态功率控制步长，由下式确定：
而
为功率控制收敛因子，满足下式：
其中，
，则有
，即发射功率是收敛的。
此时，预设最小动态功率控制步长
，当
时即认为当前发射方位角下的发射功率调整已经完成，步骤 S307 中就采用这种方式判断当前发射方位角下的发射功率调整是否完成。这种情况下，第一判断阈值
Time_1 、第二判断阈值 Time_2 的选取要根据动态功率控制步长的变化规律、信道变化幅度等因素综合考虑确定。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解，实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的程序可以在存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中，所述的存储介质，如
ROM/RAM 、磁盘、光盘等。
实施例 4
图 4
示出了本发明实施例提供的发射波束跟踪系统的结构，为了便于说明仅示出了与本发明实施例相关的部分。
该系统可以用于包含均匀线阵、圆阵、方阵等天线阵列的发射端设备，可以是运行于这些设备内的软件单元、硬件单元或者软硬件相结合的单元，也可以作为独立的挂件集成到这些设备中或者运行于这些设备的应用系统中，其中：
波束搜索单元 401
，用等间隔宽度的波束搜索小区，将具有最小发射功率波束的主瓣角度作为当前发射方位角，其实现方式如上所述，不再赘述。
发射方位角更新单元 402
，根据当前发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率与上一发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率，采用动态方位角迭代步长进行发射方位角更新，其实现方式如上所述，不再赘述。
发射功率更新单元 403
，在当前发射方位角下，根据接收到的功率控制反馈信息进行发射功率调整，并统计连续接收到的要求增加发射功率的功率控制反馈信息的次数，其实现方式如上所述，不再赘述。
迭代步长增加单元 404 ，当发射功率更新单元 403
统计到的次数等于预设的第一判断阈值时，增加发射方位角更新单元 402 的方位角迭代步长后，触发发射方位角更新单元 402
更新当前发射方位角，其实现方式如上所述，不再赘述。
功率控制判断单元 405
，判断当前发射方位角下的发射功率调整是否完成，如果是则触发发射方位角更新单元 402 更新当前发射方位角，否则，触发发射功率更新单元 403
进行发射功率调整，其实现方式如上所述，不再赘述。
搜索判断单元 406 ，判断发射功率更新单元 403
统计到的次数是否等于预设的第二判断阈值，如果是则将发射功率更新单元 403 统计到的次数清零，并触发波束搜索单元 401
重新搜索小区，以重新确定当前发射方位角，否则，触发功率控制判断单元 405 进行判断，其实现方式如上所述，不再赘述。
其中，上述第一判断阈值小于上述第二判断阈值。
实施例 5
进一步地，发射波束跟踪系统还可以包括：
迭代步长判断单元 407 ，在发射方位角更新单元 402
的方位角迭代步长小于预设的最小方位角迭代步长时，统计发射功率更新单元 403
连续接收到的要求减少发射功率的功率控制反馈信息的次数，并在统计到的要求减少发射功率的功率控制反馈信息的连续次数等于预设的第四判断阈值时，增加发射方位角更新单元
402 的方位角迭代步长后，触发发射方位角更新单元 402 更新当前发射方位角，其实现方式如上所述，不再赘述。
在本发明实施例中，通过统计连续接收到的要求增加发射功率的功率控制反馈信息的次数，确定是否需要采用动态方位角迭代步长进行发射方位角更新，或重新搜索小区以重新确定当前发射方位角，实现了一种发射波束跟踪方法。该方法在静态信道或动态中均能有效跟踪到用户角，提高了无线通信系统发射端跟踪用户角的准确性。
并且，通过统计接收到的要求减少发射功率的功率控制反馈信息的连续次数，以确定是否需要增加方位角迭代步长，以在发射方位角接近用户角后，任能保证在用户角突变的情况下跟踪到用户角。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
- 一种发射波束跟踪方法，所述方法包括下述步骤：步骤a、用等间隔宽度的波束搜索小区，将具有最小发射功率波束的主瓣角度作为当前发射方位角；步骤b、在当前发射方位角下，根据接收到的功率控制反馈信息进行发射功率调整，并统计连续接收到的要求增加发射功率的功率控制反馈信息的次数；步骤c、判断统计到的次数等于预设的第一判断阈值时，增加方位角迭代步长，然后执行步骤f；步骤d、判断统计到的次数等于预设的第二判断阈值时，将统计到的次数清零，然后执行步骤a；步骤e、判断到当前发射方位角下的发射功率调整未完成时，执行步骤b；步骤f、根据当前发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率与上一发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率，采用动态方位角迭代步长进行发射方位角更新，然后执行步骤b；所述第一判断阈值小于所述第二判断阈值。
- 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤f具体为：当不存在上一发射方位角或当当前发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率不大于上一发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率时，正向迭代更新当前发射方位角；当当前发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率大于上一发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率时，反向迭代更新当前发射方位角。
- 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤b中采用固定步长功率控制或动态步长功率控制进行发射功率调整。
- 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一判断阈值的取值范围为3～6，所述第二判断阈值的取值范围为25～50。
- 权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤b后，所述方法还包括下述步骤：判断到方位角迭代步长小于预设的最小方位角迭代步长时，统计连续接收到的要求减少发射功率的功率控制反馈信息的次数；判断统计到的要求减少发射功率的功率控制反馈信息的连续次数等于预设的第四判断阈值时，增加方位角迭代步长后执行步骤f。
- 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第四判断阈值的取值范围为4～10。
- 一种发射波束跟踪系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：波束搜索单元，用等间隔宽度的波束搜索小区，将具有最小发射功率波束的主瓣角度作为当前发射方位角；发射方位角更新单元，用于根据当前发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率与上一发射方位角下发射功率调整完成后的发射功率，采用动态方位角迭代步长进行发射方位角更新；发射功率更新单元，用于在当前发射方位角下，根据接收到的功率控制反馈信息进行发射功率调整，并统计连续接收到的要求增加发射功率的功率控制反馈信息的次数；迭代步长增加单元，用于当所述发射功率更新单元统计到的次数等于预设的第一判断阈值时，增加所述发射方位角更新单元的方位角迭代步长后，触发所述发射方位角更新单元更新当前发射方位角；功率控制判断单元，用于判断当前发射方位角下的发射功率调整是否完成，如果是则触发所述发射方位角更新单元更新当前发射方位角，否则，触发所述发射功率更新单元进行发射功率调整；搜索判断单元，用于判断所述发射功率更新单元统计到的次数是否等于预设的第二判断阈值，如果是则将所述发射功率更新单元统计到的次数清零，并触发所述波束搜索单元重新搜索小区，以重新确定当前发射方位角，否则，触发所述功率控制判断单元进行判断；所述第一判断阈值小于所述第二判断阈值。
- 如权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第一判断阈值的取值范围为3～6，所述第二判断阈值的取值范围为25～50。
- 一种包含权利要求7或8所述发射波束跟踪系统的发射端设备。
- 如权利要求9所述的发射端设备，其特征在于，所述设备包含天线阵列。
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| CN115616583A (zh) * | 2022-10-21 | 2023-01-17 | 江苏博克斯科技股份有限公司 | 一种超声波测距盲区调节方法及超声波传感器 |
| CN115808683A (zh) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-03-17 | 安徽隼波科技有限公司 | 一种雷达光电联动跟踪方法 |
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| CN101616472B (zh) * | 2009-07-28 | 2011-04-13 | 深圳大学 | 一种发射波束跟踪方法、系统及发射端设备 |
| CN103052086B (zh) * | 2013-01-22 | 2016-09-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种毫米波相控阵波束对准方法及通信设备 |
| JP6506853B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-10 | 2019-04-24 | テレフオンアクチーボラゲット エルエム エリクソン（パブル） | 不確実性に依存したビームフォーミング構成制御 |
| CN107135021B (zh) * | 2016-02-29 | 2021-10-15 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 一种上行波束跟踪方法及相应的终端和基站 |
| CN107181517B (zh) * | 2016-03-09 | 2021-06-15 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 波束搜索方法及装置 |
| CN107872253B (zh) * | 2016-09-27 | 2021-06-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | 波束跟踪方法、设备及系统 |
| CN107888258B (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2020-03-24 | 电信科学技术研究院 | 一种波束扫描与跟踪方法及装置 |
| CN108616306B (zh) * | 2018-04-04 | 2020-06-26 | 深圳市晟丰达科技有限公司 | 一种车载互联互通方法、计算机可读存储介质和车载终端 |
| CN112665614B (zh) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-12-06 | 中电科航空电子有限公司 | 一种机载宽带卫通设备惯导参考校准方法及相关组件 |
| CN114925659B (zh) * | 2022-05-18 | 2023-04-28 | 电子科技大学 | 动态宽度最大化解码方法、文本生成方法及存储介质 |
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| CN101095333A (zh) * | 2004-05-27 | 2007-12-26 | 美商内数位科技公司 | 三维控制信道波束 |
| CN101616472A (zh) * | 2009-07-28 | 2009-12-30 | 深圳大学 | 一种发射波束跟踪方法、系统及发射端设备 |
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| CN101095333A (zh) * | 2004-05-27 | 2007-12-26 | 美商内数位科技公司 | 三维控制信道波束 |
| CN101616472A (zh) * | 2009-07-28 | 2009-12-30 | 深圳大学 | 一种发射波束跟踪方法、系统及发射端设备 |
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| CN115808683A (zh) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-03-17 | 安徽隼波科技有限公司 | 一种雷达光电联动跟踪方法 |
| CN115808683B (zh) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-04-07 | 安徽隼波科技有限公司 | 一种雷达光电联动跟踪方法 |
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