WO2011003874A1 - Installations pv/t dans des systèmes de traitement des eaux - Google Patents

Installations pv/t dans des systèmes de traitement des eaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011003874A1
WO2011003874A1 PCT/EP2010/059574 EP2010059574W WO2011003874A1 WO 2011003874 A1 WO2011003874 A1 WO 2011003874A1 EP 2010059574 W EP2010059574 W EP 2010059574W WO 2011003874 A1 WO2011003874 A1 WO 2011003874A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
systems
photovoltaic system
membrane
photovoltaic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/059574
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Markus Spinnler
Alexander Kroiß
Original Assignee
Technische Universität München
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technische Universität München filed Critical Technische Universität München
Publication of WO2011003874A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011003874A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/04—Feed pretreatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/36—Energy sources
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/36—Energy sources
    • B01D2313/367—Renewable energy sources, e.g. wind or solar sources
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower, fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for desalination of water comprising a photovoltaic system, wherein the system to be desalinated water by the waste heat of
  • PV / T system Water treatment systems through a PV / T system (system, with the jjhotovoltaische and thermal energy can be obtained) can be realized.
  • Such systems may e.g. used for seawater desalination, v.a. also together with membrane processes in which it is advantageous that the water to be desalinated has a certain elevated temperature before the actual treatment.
  • the invention relates to the use of PV / T systems for the energy supply of water treatment plants with membrane technology and is aimed primarily at small, energy self-sufficient systems in the decentralized area.
  • plants for the desalination of seawater and brackish water and for the treatment of contaminated surface and well water are referred to as water treatment plants.
  • the combination of PV / T systems and water treatment plants is completely new and has great technical and economic potential:
  • PV / T systems in water treatment can also be seen as a serious alternative to previous pressure recovery systems whose purpose is to reduce the energy consumption of a desalination plant. If the excess yield of drinking water is converted into a comparable energy saving through the use of PV / T systems, an additional yield of 35% can be interpreted as an energy recovery of 25%. Although PV / T systems do not reach the dimensions of pressure recovery systems (with energy savings of 65 to 75%), these are unprofitable for small systems, so that the use of PV / T systems makes sense in this area.
  • the solar supply is very high, it makes sense to supply water treatment plants with solar energy.
  • water treatment plants especially reverse osmosis plants can be operated with electricity generated by solar cells, which, for example, from ES000002299396A1, CNOOOl 01337749 A or WO2006067240 shows.
  • the electric current thereby drives all machines necessary for the desalting process, for example pumps or systems for water pre-treatment and subsequent water treatment.
  • the problem that solar energy does not allow a constant power supply to the system is achieved here by means of storage systems for electrical energy, especially batteries or accumulators.
  • a disadvantage of the power supply with solar energy are the high investment costs for the photovoltaic. These systems use solar energy exclusively electrically.
  • the object of the invention is to find a way to operate water treatment plants, especially those with membrane technology, energy self-sufficient with the help of solar energy at a relatively low cost.
  • a further or additional object is to improve the existing methods and systems and to avert the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the invention provides a system for water treatment with a photovoltaic system ready, the waste heat of the photovoltaic system in operation, the raw water for later Preheating treatments.
  • a P V / T system or a P V / T system is understood, for example, as the combination of a photovoltaic system (PV) with a thermal solar collector (T) in a structural unit.
  • PV photovoltaic system
  • T thermal solar collector
  • a characteristic of conventional PV modules is that as the solar irradiance increases, the module temperature increases and the electrical efficiency drops by about 0.5% per K. In so-called hybrid PV / T systems, this increase in temperature can be used to heat a fluid (usually water or air). A thermal efficiency of 45 - 65% is possible.
  • the photovoltaic module e.g.
  • the solar energy is thus used not only electrically, but also thermally by the photovoltaic modules of the system, so that a PV / T system with photo of Italian and simultaneous thermal application is present. Overall, thus also results in a higher overall efficiency of the system for water treatment.
  • the use of PV / T systems in the field of water treatment is novel and can contribute to solving the global drinking water problem.
  • the present invention relates to a system for desalination of water, the system comprising a photovoltaic system.
  • the system is configured to heat the water to be desalinated by the waste heat of the photovoltaic system.
  • the system is preferably in addition to the use in the desalination of seawater also generally for water treatment in general advantageous.
  • desalting is the term for the extraction of drinking water or process water from seawater by reducing the salt content.
  • Desalting can refer to several processes that remove salts and minerals from the water, especially to extract drinking water.
  • the system for desalination or water treatment comprises a photovoltaic system and in one embodiment may comprise a pumping system and / or supply lines for the water to be desalted or treated (i.e. the raw water).
  • Feeder lines can be particularly suitable here.
  • Salt water and are e.g. made of a salt water resistant material such as a plastic
  • the pump system may be suitable for bringing the raw water to the photovoltaic system and / or from the photovoltaic system to a membrane unit described in more detail below.
  • the raw water is heated by the waste heat from the photovoltaic system, while the raw water on the other hand can cool the photovoltaic system. The thus heated raw water can then be processed in the membrane unit.
  • the photovoltaic system may include, for example, one or more solar cells (photovoltaic cells). If several solar cells are provided, they can be arranged via an electrical connection of the solar cells in a module (solar cell module, photovoltaic module). This module can then be designed such that a plurality of solar cells are connected in series and thus form a row of solar cells within the solar cell module, so that their output voltages add up. Also, several of these solar cell rows can be connected in parallel within the solar cell module.
  • the photovoltaic system may include, for example, an array of solar cell modules, wherein in a well-defined way certain solar cell modules can be added or turned off. In one embodiment, the array includes solar cell modules of different performance.
  • a few solar cell modules may be constructed of solar cells that have the same efficiency even at higher heat-off temperatures than the solar cells of other solar cell modules reach, so that the raw water can be heated more when connecting these solar cell modules.
  • waste heat is meant in particular the heat emitted by the solar cell through the heat conduction and / or radiation.The more energy the solar cell has absorbed by the solar radiation, the more waste heat can be available.
  • This concept of turning on or off certain higher heat dissipation solar cell modules may be e.g. for the below explained membrane distillation, which can use higher preheated raw water, be beneficial. If, instead of membrane distillation, the system for the treatment of water using the reverse osmosis process is sensed, the existing solar cell modules, which have a greater waste heat, could be switched off. Thus, it is possible to easily adapt the system to the respective water treatment process. Also, with such a system, depending on the electrical energy required (e.g., for the pumping equipment), the full electrical power of the array, or just a particular portion of it, can be retrieved.
  • the electrical energy required e.g., for the pumping equipment
  • the system is configured to heat the water to be desalinated by the waste heat of the photovoltaic system.
  • the photovoltaic system generates not only electrical energy but also (eg inherent) thermal energy.
  • the heating of the water can be done in particular by the fact that the system has means to bring to be desalinated (or in general: the water to be treated) close to the photovoltaic system.
  • this can be done by hoses, which are arranged on at least one of the side surfaces of the photovoltaic system or of the solar cell module, in particular on its rear side (the side facing away from solar radiation).
  • these hoses may be arranged in loops / loops or in any other pattern, for example in order to use a heat radiating surface of the photovoltaic system or of the solar cell module as effectively as possible. In this way, the raw water conducted through the hoses can also cool the photovoltaic system or the solar cell module, for example around the Check efficiency accordingly.
  • the hoses may for example be made of a salt water resistant material, for example of a plastic.
  • conventional P V / T plants can be used to heat the water to be treated, preferably salt water.
  • a heat exchanger is preferably provided, which heats the water to be treated by another fluid from which the water to be treated absorbs energy in the heat exchanger. In this way, the water to be treated can be indirectly, e.g. over another fluid, to be heated.
  • PV / T systems described here which are used in conjunction with water treatment plants with membrane technology, thus generate both electrical and thermal energy (and heat a fluid for example with the aid of this thermal unit) with the aid of solar cells and use the latter to heat the water to be treated. It does not matter how this system, referred to as a PV / T system, is constructed. All systems are recorded, independent of
  • solar cells a material of solar cells (solar cells of monocrystalline polycrystalline silicon, thin-film cells, dye (Gräzel) solar cells, organic solar cells, etc.),
  • PV / T systems outside the technical field of water treatment was previously considered that with a comparatively good electrical efficiency flowing in the PV / T collector fluid can be heated only to low temperature levels.
  • a good electrical efficiency can be guaranteed PV module temperatures up to 40 0 C. This in turn means that a circulating behind the solar cell cooling fluid can reach temperatures of a maximum of 3O 0 C to 40 0 C.
  • this temperature level can be too low for a conventional PV / T application in the field of process water, process heat or heating without additional heat support (eg by means of a separate solar collector).
  • PV / T systems for supplying energy to water treatment plants as described in the invention.
  • the current generated by the solar cells can drive the pumps for the necessary raw water flow, as described above.
  • the raw water Due to the simultaneous thermal application of the photovoltaic system, the raw water is preheated, whereby it can be heated to temperatures up to 40 0 C to 45 0 C. This temperature level is, as already explained above, at the same time the upper limit for the water temperatures in membrane plants, since the majority of the membranes are destroyed at higher temperatures.
  • the present invention provides a simpler and thus more cost-effective, with only a photovoltaic system (PV / T system) operated water treatment system available.
  • PV / T system photovoltaic system
  • a simulation for 16 different cases has been implemented and carried out (see Spinnler, M., Kroiß, A., "potential analysis for integrated brine heating In solar powered water treatment plants, "Internal Feasibility Study” Weather data from Almeria and Puerto Rico were used to simulate locations of two different latitudes, Almeria representing a Mediterranean climate and Puerto Rico a tropical climate, with analyzes for two different saltwater sources: Water from the open sea on the one hand, and deep well water on the other hand, in order to make a statement about the added value of each of these PV / T-plane plants, the systems considered were equipped with a corresponding PV-operated plant without thermal utilization according to the invention For a PV / T-RO
  • the water to be treated (for example, to be desalinated) can be heated by the waste heat of the solar cells and can thus be better adapted to the requirements of the following treatment steps.
  • an optimal operation of both the solar cell and a subsequent treatment plant can be achieved in an advantageous manner.
  • the photovoltaic system is configured to provide necessary electrical energy to operate the system.
  • the system preferably independently of other energy sources, the water treatment, in particular the desalination water perform.
  • the system is particularly well suited for use in developing countries and remote power or other energy networks.
  • the system includes a membrane unit configured to reduce the salinity of the heated water.
  • a membrane unit here is any device that includes a membrane and is configured to treat raw water. Possible methods using such a membrane unit are e.g. the reverse osmosis, the membrane distillation, the
  • Treatment process in particular desalting process, is the membrane of
  • Membrane unit is a semipermeable membrane and has a pore size of 0.1 to 5 nm (for example for reverse osmosis) and / or 0.05 to 0.5 mm (membrane distillation).
  • the membrane may be hydrophobic, e.g. in use as
  • membranes can be used in a membrane unit of the system according to the invention. All conceivable membrane units which are suitable for carrying out a water treatment, in particular a water desalination, are possible in the system.
  • the membrane unit of the system can thus be independent of
  • the membrane unit comprises a reverse osmosis system.
  • a variant of water treatment plants with membrane technology are so-called reverse osmosis plants.
  • the salt is separated by membrane filtration under high pressure from the water.
  • the remaining, pure water, the so-called permeate, can then be treated to drinking water.
  • RO reverse osmosis
  • This membrane acts like a
  • Filter and passes only certain atoms and / or molecules and / or ions. This gives a separation of the original solution.
  • Through the membrane filter can be e.g. Salt, bacteria, viruses, lime, and also certain poisons, e.g. Heavy metals, withhold.
  • the membrane unit comprises a membrane distillation unit.
  • Membrane distillation is based on a process where treated water is obtained by condensation after membrane filtration.
  • a microporous and / or hydrophobic membrane can be used which only allows water vapor to pass but retains liquid water.
  • warm salt water eg heated by the waste heat of the photovoltaic system
  • colder surface On one side of the membrane is warm salt water (eg heated by the waste heat of the photovoltaic system) and on the other side a colder surface. Insists on the whole Length of the membrane a temperature difference, creates a water vapor partial pressure gradient, which causes water molecules from the warm to the cold side of the membrane and condense there.
  • the use of PV / T systems may not provide the required thermal power completely, but preheating by means of such photovoltaic systems is still profitable and advantageously increases the heat output Efficiency of the overall system.
  • the system may include thermal solar collectors.
  • the raw water can be heated (preheated) by the waste heat of the photovoltaic system and then brought to an even higher temperature by the thermal solar collectors.
  • particularly high temperatures for the raw water can be achieved, in particular temperatures at which the photovoltaic system would have too low an efficiency to still effectively generate electricity.
  • such a system could be used in water treatment with a membrane distillation process in which higher raw water temperatures of about 8O 0 C would be beneficial.
  • the system does not include any additional means for heating the water to be desalted, in particular no solar collectors.
  • the system only comprises the photovoltaic system for heating the raw water (i.e., the water to be desalinated and / or treated).
  • no thermal solar collectors are provided to (further) heat the raw water to reach higher temperatures for the raw water before this is processed in the membrane unit (eg by reducing its salt content).
  • "No additional means for heating the water to be desalted” means in particular that no thermal energy generating means is provided that non-thermal energy specifically into thermal energy converts to then heat the water to be desalinated.
  • such a system could be used in water treatment with a reverse osmosis process in which raw water temperatures of 4O 0 C to 45 0 C would be beneficial and can already be achieved by the waste heat of the photovoltaic system.
  • the present invention utilizes the waste heat from solar cells or a photovoltaic system in order to heat the water to be treated directly or indirectly and thus to enable an optimized operation of the treatment or desalination plant. While retaining this advantage, the invention also makes it possible to cool the photovoltaic system by means of the water to be desalinated or reprocessed, and at the same time to optimize the operation of the photovoltaic system. In a preferred embodiment, it is possible that the water to be desalinated or to be treated or to be purified cools the photovoltaic system.
  • the system includes an energy buffer coupled to the photovoltaic system and configured to compensate for temperature variations in the waste heat.
  • the energy buffer can be in the form of a heat accumulator, wherein the heat accumulator optionally stores excess heat energy from the photovoltaic system. Excess heat energy can be present, for example, if not all the waste heat is needed for heating a certain amount of water to be treated (for example to be desalted).
  • Heat storage can be, for example, long-term and / or Kurzzeitspeieher. Long-term storage can be, for example, hot water heat storage (insulated container with water).
  • thermochemical eg on the basis of silica gel and / or zeolite
  • latent heat storage salts or paraffins melt when heat is applied and give exactly this received heat energy when solidifying again
  • Short term storage stores heat only for a few hours or days.
  • self-standing water storage tank or thermochemical heat storage can be used as described above.
  • the heat accumulator may optionally assist the photovoltaic system in the heating of particularly cool raw water and compensate for temperature fluctuations in a simple manner.
  • the system includes a buffer for the heated water.
  • heated water can be fed from the buffer to the membrane unit, especially if water to be desalinated or water to be treated can not be heated quickly enough and / or in an insufficient amount by the photovoltaic system.
  • the system comprises a battery (accumulator) for storing or buffering electrical energy.
  • a battery for storing or buffering electrical energy.
  • part of the electrical energy received / generated by the photovoltaic system can be stored in the battery.
  • insufficient solar radiation to the photovoltaic system required for operating the system electrical energy of the battery can be removed.
  • the system includes a heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger may be capable of preheating the raw water prior to entering the photovoltaic system, and / or heated water, in particular before and / or after treatment / desalination, e.g. to use for cooling the photovoltaic system.
  • cooling with fresh water can be realized in this way, when fresh or desalted water is fed to the photovoltaic system for cooling.
  • the water to be desalinated is then preferably heated in a heat exchanger by the heated cooling water.
  • water that has been heated by the PV / T plant may heat the raw water, preferably via the heat exchanger.
  • components of the system are in particular made of a salt water-resistant material such as a plastic (for example polypropylene, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), synthetic resin, etc.
  • plastics with fillers such as metals or ceramics for increasing the thermal conductivity of the plastic are conceivable) and / or at least partially coated with and / or treated accordingly.
  • These components can be used for Example components of the system that come into contact with salt water, especially hoses, supply lines, etc.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for desalination of water.
  • the method comprises the following step: (a) heating the water to be desalinated with the waste heat of a photovoltaic system.
  • the photovoltaic system for desalting water supplies necessary electrical energy, e.g. the electrical energy necessary to operate the water treatment system (e.g., the desalination system).
  • the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic system can be used to deliver the water to be desalted, e.g. via lines by means of pumps to the photovoltaic system to bring, where the water is preheated.
  • the power generated by the photovoltaic system may be used to power other system components, such as power supplies.
  • the membrane unit to supply to perform the actual water treatment / desalination of the preheated water.
  • the method comprises the following step: (b) reducing the salinity of the heated water in a membrane unit.
  • step (b) the heated water is filtered under high pressure through a semipermeable membrane.
  • the heated water can be desalted in a reverse osmosis process.
  • step (b) steam of the heated water is separated from saline water by a semipermeable hydrophobic membrane.
  • the heated water can be desalted in a membrane distillation process.
  • the temperature of the heated water is controlled and / or adjusted by means of an energy buffer on the photovoltaic system.
  • the energy buffer may be coupled to the photovoltaic system. Further, the energy buffer may be configured to compensate for temperature variations of the waste heat to thereby control and / or set (to a particular value) the temperature of the heated water.
  • the present invention also relates to a computer program product comprising at least one computer readable medium having computer executable instructions for performing the method steps discussed above.
  • the computer program product may include a computer program that is capable of controlling and / or controlling the progress of the water treatment.
  • the computer program may control and / or control the operation of the photovoltaic system system and optionally also the membrane unit.
  • the photovoltaic system may be controlled such that solar cell modules are turned on or off at certain times, that the generated current is used for other means in the system (eg for a pump plant) and that the heated one Water reaches the membrane unit and there treated accordingly and optionally in Connection will be treated further.
  • the computer program product may be adapted to control certain sensors in the system, for example to obtain data on the temperature and / or salinity of the heated water and / or raw water, and in response thereto a particular procedure for water treatment.
  • the present invention further relates to the use of PV / T systems both for the electrical power supply of the necessary for a plant for water treatment on the basis of membrane technology machines to operate electric power is needed, as well as for preheating the raw water to an optimum operating temperature and thus guarantee the highest possible efficiency of the membranes.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a water treatment system with a photovoltaic system.
  • Figure 1 should serve.
  • Figure 1 shows a possible system configuration, exemplified here as a combination of PV / T systems (a PV / T system) with a reverse osmosis system / unit for solar desalination in a water treatment system, in particular in a desalination system.
  • the membranes are the basic building block 8.
  • the high-pressure pump 7 increases the pressure of the salt water 0 before the membrane inlet to about 60 bar, depending on the salt content.
  • the pump 7 is supplied with the electric power generated in the PV / T systems 3.
  • an accumulator 6 is used as a buffer for the electric current.
  • the temperature dependence of the performance of the membrane should be exploited by preheating the raw water 0 in the PV / T collectors dimensional.in the photovoltaic system 3.
  • a hot water tank 5 This serves as a buffer for the heated raw water.
  • the temperature at which the membranes work optimally is approximately 40 ° C. In order to keep the temperature level approximately constant, it would be possible to install, in addition to the PV / T systems, optionally pure solar collectors 4 or means for heating the water to be treated / desalted ,
  • a variant to recover energy is indicated here with the heat exchanger 1.
  • the temperature of the feed water (raw water) 0 is thus raised before entering the individual collectors 3, 4.
  • an additional increase in drinking water production can be achieved.
  • the permeate 9 can be prepared, for example, by addition of minerals, pH correction, etc. 11 finally to drinking water 12.
  • PV / T systems do not reach the dimensions of pressure recovery systems, the result is nevertheless very promising. The idea now suggests that PV / T systems can be used exactly where pressure recovery systems become unprofitable - especially in energy-self-sufficient small plants.
  • pump e.g., 60 bar
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically another example of a water treatment system with a photovoltaic system.
  • the membrane units 26 are the basic building block for the reverse osmosis process.
  • the high-pressure pump 25 can increase the pressure of the salt water 20 before the membrane entry depending on the salt content, for example, about 60 bar.
  • the pump 25 is supplied, for example, with electrical energy that is generated in the photovoltaic system 22, preferably a PV / T system.
  • An accumulator 24 can be used as a buffer for electric power, in particular to cushion excessive fluctuations in the power supply.
  • the temperature dependence of the performance of the membrane units 26 is also preferably exploited here by the preheating of the raw water 20 in the photovoltaic system 22.
  • a hot water tank 23 is preferably provided to serve as a buffer for the heated raw water. In this way, preferably large fluctuations in the water supply of the individual reverse osmosis units be avoided.
  • a water pre-treatment 21 is provided, e.g. to pre-filter the water to be treated, to adjust the acidity or to add anti-scalants.
  • the permeate 27 can then be treated, for example by adding minerals, and / or by a pH correction, etc. 28 finally to drinking water 29.
  • the concentrate 30 separated from the permeate 27 in the membrane units 26 can, for example, ultimately be returned to the seawater or to a raw water reservoir 20.
  • seawater / water / brackish water to be treated (eg from a deep well, a reservoir or directly from the open sea)

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de dessalement de l'eau, comprenant une installation photovoltaïque (3), le système étant configuré de façon que l'eau à dessaler (0) soit réchauffée par la chaleur perdue de l'installation photovoltaïque. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de dessalement de l'eau, selon lequel l'eau à dessaler (0) est réchauffée par la chaleur perdue d'une installation photovoltaïque (3).
PCT/EP2010/059574 2009-07-06 2010-07-05 Installations pv/t dans des systèmes de traitement des eaux WO2011003874A1 (fr)

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DE102010004874A DE102010004874A1 (de) 2009-07-06 2010-01-18 PV/T-Anlagen in Wasseraufbereitungssystemen
DE102010004874.7 2010-01-18

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US11502322B1 (en) 2022-05-09 2022-11-15 Rahul S Nana Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump
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US11855324B1 (en) 2022-11-15 2023-12-26 Rahul S. Nana Reverse electrodialysis or pressure-retarded osmosis cell with heat pump

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AT18026U1 (de) * 2019-03-12 2023-11-15 Siegfried Seufzer Dipl Ing Solarbetriebenes Multifunktionsgerät mit Heizplatte mit Trinkwasseraufbereitung und Pufferspeicher zur Energieversorgung der in einem Zylinderkörper integriert ist
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012115831A1 (fr) * 2011-02-23 2012-08-30 Massachusetts Ins I Ute Of Technology Système d'osmose inverse photovoltaïque avec contrôle thermique
CN103011317A (zh) * 2011-09-20 2013-04-03 中国科学院理化技术研究所 基于液态金属的海水蒸馏淡化系统
CN107117759A (zh) * 2017-06-21 2017-09-01 海南大学 便携式海上救援海水淡化方法及装置
WO2020099955A1 (fr) * 2018-11-15 2020-05-22 King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology Procédé et système à base d'énergie solaire pour production simultanée d'électricité et d'eau douce par distillation membranaire
US11502322B1 (en) 2022-05-09 2022-11-15 Rahul S Nana Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump
US11502323B1 (en) 2022-05-09 2022-11-15 Rahul S Nana Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof
US11563229B1 (en) 2022-05-09 2023-01-24 Rahul S Nana Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump
US11611099B1 (en) 2022-05-09 2023-03-21 Rahul S Nana Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof
US11699803B1 (en) 2022-05-09 2023-07-11 Rahul S Nana Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump
US11855324B1 (en) 2022-11-15 2023-12-26 Rahul S. Nana Reverse electrodialysis or pressure-retarded osmosis cell with heat pump

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