WO2014121308A1 - Séparation d'eau par distillation à membranes et électricité photovoltaïque - Google Patents

Séparation d'eau par distillation à membranes et électricité photovoltaïque Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014121308A1
WO2014121308A1 PCT/AM2013/000004 AM2013000004W WO2014121308A1 WO 2014121308 A1 WO2014121308 A1 WO 2014121308A1 AM 2013000004 W AM2013000004 W AM 2013000004W WO 2014121308 A1 WO2014121308 A1 WO 2014121308A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
block
layer
light transmission
external layer
support structure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AM2013/000004
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Arsen HAKOBYAN
Aharon Arakel
Arusyak HAKOBYAN
Original Assignee
Hakobyan Arsen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hakobyan Arsen filed Critical Hakobyan Arsen
Publication of WO2014121308A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014121308A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
    • B01D61/364—Membrane distillation
    • B01D61/3641—Membrane distillation comprising multiple membrane distillation steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0011—Heating features
    • B01D1/0029—Use of radiation
    • B01D1/0035—Solar energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
    • B01D3/143—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column by two or more of a fractionation, separation or rectification step
    • B01D3/145—One step being separation by permeation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
    • B01D61/364—Membrane distillation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
    • B01D61/366—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
    • B01D63/082—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/10—Spiral-wound membrane modules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/36—Energy sources
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/36—Energy sources
    • B01D2313/367—Renewable energy sources, e.g. wind or solar sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/211—Solar-powered water purification
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to Solar Power Technology, particularly solar power converter stations which are made to satisfy human needs for electric power, potable water and thermal energy. It may be used in coastal areas, in emergency situations, such as on ships, in the army, in the hospitals, and in remote areas, as well as in private institutions.
  • the closest analog to the present invention is a solar saline disposal device, which has a light transmission external layer installed on the support structure, underneath is a saline solution distillation block with its inlet and outlet pipes, and underneath that, is a flowing heat exchanger block (AM252U, C02F1/00, 201 1).
  • the distillation block has a multistage membrane with a temperature transmission layer located on front and back sides.
  • the main object of the invention is to overcome or substantially ameliorate the above disadvantage by improving the efficiency and functionality of the existing devices.
  • an additional - photoelectric transmission block which is implemented in the form of a solar cell attached on the surface of the front thermal transmission layer of the distillation block, located in the combined solar powered device.
  • the photoelectric transmission block may have a light transmission external layer on its support structure with a saline solution distillation block including its inlet and outlet pipes, with all the blocks in contact with each other, as well as a heat exchanger block including its inlet and outlet pipes.
  • the distillation block is comprised of a multistage membrane and a thermal transmission layer located on its front and back sides.
  • the component layers and blocks of the device may be made as either flat, cylindrical or a combination thereof, and may include a double implemented light transmission external layer.
  • the support structure of the device may be made of a mirror parabola cylinder or a mirror paraboloid or a Fresnel lens.
  • Figure 1 is a general diagrammatic side view of the device showing flat implementation of its component layers and blocks;
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic cross sectional view of the device shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a diagrammatic cross section of part of the device with a double-sided implementation of light transmission external layer
  • Figure 4 is a diagrammatic cross sectional view of the device with cylindrical implementation of its component layers and blocks in accordance with invention
  • Figures 5, 6 and 7 are diagrammatic representations of parabola cylinder implementation of the support structure of the device in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGS 8 and 9 are diagrammatic side views of paraboloid implementation of the support structure of the device in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 10 is a diagrammatic side view of pyramidal support structure of the device, wherein the internal surfaces are flat mirrors;
  • Figure 1 1 is a diagrammatic cross sectional view of the Fresnel lens implementation of the support structure of the device in accordance with the invention.
  • the device disclosed herein, and diagrammatically shown on Figures 1 and 2 is comprised of the following components: device structure 1, supporting structure 2, light transmission external layer 3, photoelectric transmission block 4, saline solution distillation block 5 and heat exchanger block 6.
  • device structure 1 supporting structure 2
  • light transmission external layer 3 3
  • photoelectric transmission block 4 saline solution distillation block 5
  • heat exchanger block 6 6.
  • the layers and blocks of the device are assembled according to descriptions provided below.
  • the photoelectric transmission block 4 consists of an absorber 7 with photoelectric cells attached on top and installed on the front of distillation block 5.
  • the said block includes an electric outlet 8 for transfer of electricity to an accumulator for electrical distribution use.
  • the distillation block 5 is implemented with a multistage membrane with the latter made of layers of successive similar stages. Each stage includes a layer of micro porous membranes 10, which are covered with a support netting layer on both sides 11. The stages are separated from each other by condensing layers 12.
  • Figure 2 exemplifies the flat layer implementation of the distillation block with a three-stage structure. In Figure 4, the cylindrical implementation of the layers of the distillation block having a two-stage structure is demonstrated.
  • Each stage of the distillation block incorporates a saline solution inlet pipe 13, a distillate outlet pipe 14 and a saline solution outlet pipe 15. The corresponding pipes are combined by collectors (not demonstrated in Figures 2 and 4).
  • the front distillation block which is oriented towards the falling solar rays, is bordered by absorbers 7, the surface of which is directed towards the first stage of the block and is implemented in a grooved manner, as graphically presented in Figures 2 and 4.
  • the back of the distillation block, which is directed towards the heat exchanger 6, is bordered by a condensing layer 16, the structure of which is identical to the structure of the absorbers 7.
  • the heat exchanger block 6 is bordered by layers 16 and 17 and incorporates the inlet 18 and the outlet 19 pipes.
  • the contacting surfaces of the blocks are glued with a thermal transmission glue and the gaps between the edges of the layers are hermetically sealed, for example, by hermetic silicon 20.
  • the device disclosed herein can be made both by flat ( Figures 1, 2, and 5) and cylindrical ( Figures 4, 6 and 7) implementation of the layers and blocks. In the case of cylindrical implementation the layers and blocks are coaxial.
  • the structure of the light transmission external layer 3 includes also an implementation with its double layers and vacuumed gap 21, shown in Figure 3, which allows reducing the loss of thermal energy. Such implementation is equally applicable to both flat and cylindrical options of the device implementation. In the case of a device with the implementation of flat layers and blocks 17, the back layer of the heat exchanger is heat-isolated by a layer 22.
  • the support structure in the cylindrical implementation is carried out in the form of a mirror parabola cylinder as schematically shown in the Figures 5 and 6.
  • the package of the successive layers and blocks of the device is installed by means of cantilevers 23 both by flat ( Figure 5) and cylindrical ( Figure 6) implementations, length-wise of the focal axis of the parabola cylinder.
  • the device may be made of modules linking each other to form a single unit.
  • the support structure 2 is - implemented in the form of a mirror paraboloid, as shown in the Figures 8 and 9.
  • the support structure 2 is implemented in the form of a pyramid, as shown in the Figure 10.
  • a flat mirror system is used.
  • the support structure 2 is implemented in the form of a Fresnel lens, as shown in the Figure 11.
  • the device according to this invention operates on the basis of maximum consumption of solar power. Accordingly, the energy that has not been consumed in the photoelectric transmission block 4 is transferred to the first stage of the distillation block 5 by means of absorbers 7, and then to the successive stages, in accordance with their arrangement order. In the last stage of the distillation block, the unused energy is transferred to the heat exchanger 6 by means of the condensing thermal transmission layer 16. It is clear that during those transfers the temperature potential drops down from block to block and the heat exchanger layer 6 has the lowest potential. However, methods for the regulation of heat- transmission temperature are widely known and may be applied to minimize such a drop in the temperature potential. The small surface area of the side of the device ensures the minimal loss of thermal energy from the sides of invention.
  • the structure of the device helps providing it with a block following the sun.
  • the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings offer a high level of applicability as a combined solar powered device, wherein the blocks for receiving potable water, thermal and electric energy are combined in one compact and mobile device.
  • the device also has a high level of energy efficiency since the captured solar energy is used efficiently thus incurring a minimal energy loss.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des techniques relatives à l'énergie solaire. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement des stations de conversion d'énergie solaire conçues pour répondre aux besoins des hommes en termes d'électricité, d'eau potable et d'énergie thermique dans des zones côtières, dans des situations d'urgence, comme par exemple sur des bateaux, dans l'armée, dans des hôpitaux et dans des zones reculées ainsi que dans des institutions privées. Le dispositif alimenté par l'énergie solaire combiné selon la présente invention est composé d'une couche externe de transmission de lumière (3) installée sur la structure de support, d'un bloc de distillation de solution saline comprenant des conduites d'entrée et de sortie et utilisant une membrane à plusieurs étages (10) recouverte d'une couche de transfert thermique sur les côtés avant et arrière, d'un bloc d'échange de chaleur comprenant des conduites d'entrée et de sortie et d'un bloc de transfert photoélectrique (4) conçu sous la forme d'une photopile installée sur la surface de la couche thermique avant du bloc de distillation.
PCT/AM2013/000004 2013-02-05 2013-11-14 Séparation d'eau par distillation à membranes et électricité photovoltaïque WO2014121308A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AM20130007 2013-02-05
AMAM20130007U 2013-02-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014121308A1 true WO2014121308A1 (fr) 2014-08-14

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AM2013/000004 WO2014121308A1 (fr) 2013-02-05 2013-11-14 Séparation d'eau par distillation à membranes et électricité photovoltaïque

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2014121308A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001070929A (ja) * 1999-09-07 2001-03-21 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd 太陽熱および光電池ハイブリット型淡水化装置
CN1396120A (zh) * 2001-07-13 2003-02-12 清华大学 利用太阳能或废热的膜蒸馏式水处理装置
RU2382953C1 (ru) 2008-12-29 2010-02-27 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский Электротехнический институт им. В.И. Ленина" (ФГУП ВЭИ) Комбинированная солнечно-энергетическая станция
DE102010004874A1 (de) * 2009-07-06 2011-01-13 Technische Universität München PV/T-Anlagen in Wasseraufbereitungssystemen
US20110120854A1 (en) 2008-02-22 2011-05-26 James Weifu Lee Photovoltaic panel-interfaced solar-greenhouse distillation systems
US20110132434A1 (en) 2009-12-07 2011-06-09 David Correia Concentrated Photovoltaic and Thermal Solar Energy Collector
US20130277199A1 (en) * 2012-04-18 2013-10-24 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Solar-Driven Air Gap Membrane Distillation System

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001070929A (ja) * 1999-09-07 2001-03-21 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd 太陽熱および光電池ハイブリット型淡水化装置
CN1396120A (zh) * 2001-07-13 2003-02-12 清华大学 利用太阳能或废热的膜蒸馏式水处理装置
US20110120854A1 (en) 2008-02-22 2011-05-26 James Weifu Lee Photovoltaic panel-interfaced solar-greenhouse distillation systems
RU2382953C1 (ru) 2008-12-29 2010-02-27 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский Электротехнический институт им. В.И. Ленина" (ФГУП ВЭИ) Комбинированная солнечно-энергетическая станция
DE102010004874A1 (de) * 2009-07-06 2011-01-13 Technische Universität München PV/T-Anlagen in Wasseraufbereitungssystemen
US20110132434A1 (en) 2009-12-07 2011-06-09 David Correia Concentrated Photovoltaic and Thermal Solar Energy Collector
US20130277199A1 (en) * 2012-04-18 2013-10-24 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Solar-Driven Air Gap Membrane Distillation System

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