WO2022120506A1 - Système de potabilisation d'eau issue de la mer ou d'autres eaux dures ou usées, à l'aide d'énergie solaire - Google Patents

Système de potabilisation d'eau issue de la mer ou d'autres eaux dures ou usées, à l'aide d'énergie solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022120506A1
WO2022120506A1 PCT/CL2020/050174 CL2020050174W WO2022120506A1 WO 2022120506 A1 WO2022120506 A1 WO 2022120506A1 CL 2020050174 W CL2020050174 W CL 2020050174W WO 2022120506 A1 WO2022120506 A1 WO 2022120506A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
dome
purification system
storage
cover
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CL2020/050174
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Francesca BONOMETTI VÁSQUEZ
Fernando MATEO CARRASCO
Cristobal VEAS PÉREZ
Bruno BASULTO RIVEROS
Pastor AGUIRRE TAPIA
Original Assignee
Universidad Diego Portales
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad Diego Portales filed Critical Universidad Diego Portales
Priority to PCT/CL2020/050174 priority Critical patent/WO2022120506A1/fr
Publication of WO2022120506A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022120506A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

  • This disclosure deals with a purification system through purification and distillation processes of water from the sea or other hard or dirty water, with the help of renewable energy sources, mainly solar.
  • the document ES1019211 (II), deals with a drinking water transformer-distiller specially conceived and designed to obtain water suitable for human consumption in places and geographical areas lacking said liquid element, starting from water in poor hygienic conditions, contaminated and saline. , in short, not drinkable due to its chemical and bacteriological characteristics that discourage and prohibit its use and utilization.
  • a panel-interfaced photovoltaic hybrid distillation system is provided with and without a hydrophobic microporous membrane distillation process that is capable of utilizing solar waste heat to perform liquid distillation while cogenerating solar electricity.
  • Solar waste heat co-generated in a photovoltaic panel is effectively utilized by the “in situ” distillation liquid as an immediate heat sink in thermal contact with the photovoltaic panel, thus providing beneficial cooling of the photovoltaic panel and co-manufacturing of products. of distillation while generating electricity with significant improvement in total process solar energy utilization efficiency.
  • the document W02014131027 has a greenhouse that according to some embodiments includes a wraparound structure and at least a part of the wraparound structure is at least 10% transparent to sunlight in at least a part of the range of 400 - 700 nm of wavelengths of light.
  • the portion of the shell structure that is at least 10% transparent to sunlight includes a transparent organic photovoltaic cell.
  • the greenhouse panel according to one embodiment of the invention includes a transparent organic photovoltaic cell that is at least 10% transparent to sunlight in at least part of the 400-700nm range of wavelengths of light and it is sensitive to light in a range of wavelengths outside the 400-700nm range of wavelengths.
  • Potabilization technologies and specifically for desalination can be separated into those that extract water and those that extract salts.
  • Electrodialysis is an example of technology that extracts salt from water.
  • Water extraction technologies may or may not act through phase change.
  • the technologies that do not take advantage of the phase change are those of filtering, such as reverse osmosis.
  • MED Multi Effect Distillation
  • TVC Thermal Vapor Compression
  • MVC Mechanical Vapor Compression
  • MSF Multistage Flash Evaporation
  • MD Distillation Membranes
  • the model for obtaining water is made in such a way that its costs be as low as possible, so that they can be carried out anywhere in the world.
  • Another purpose of the invention is to contribute to the environment, so it is also designed so that its impact is minimal in the territory where it will be installed, as well as intended to be sustainable in the long term, helping to improve the quality of life of the people.
  • the system would also help the non-exploitation of non-renewable resources, such as the depletion of groundwater, improper use of these or other sources that may be depleted in the future.
  • the users are different and vahados among which there may be from livestock groups, government, production, etc.
  • the main ones are production companies with scarce water resources, mining companies and the like at a global level, they usually resort to the use of enough water for their projects, that is why this method provides them with a solution that does not affect their work or the environment causing scarcity. to the people.
  • the system has various processes, for example, in a non-limiting modality with the invention, which was designed to be installed on the sea coast, it has a water collection system which includes filters to separate the largest elements contained in water as soil, stones, minerals and mud. Then the water is filtered through membrane systems until it reaches a pond where biological and chemical processes are applied to separate other smaller agents present in the water.
  • a water extraction system is installed on the surface that allows the passage of water to a water tank that allows the water to be at a temperature higher than the ambient temperature, and at this point two valves are installed, the first for to be able to extract non-potable water directly from the tank, and the second is an automatic valve that allows a pool to be maintained at the optimum water level.
  • This pool is formed with polymers that allow the water to absorb heat energy from various sources, mainly solar through collectors, panels and a glass structure that completely covers the pool.
  • This structure has the function of allowing and increasing the entry of solar rays into its interior, as well as being the fundamental piece to be able to capture the water vapor and guide it to the final collector where the distilled water remains.
  • the invention that seeks to implement a seawater misalignment system with the help of the sun, for which pools are designed no more than 10 cm deep by one meter long and wide, which will be installed in populated coastal areas, the The idea of the size and depth of these pools is that they can carry out the purification process by taking advantage of the amount of UV rays.
  • the invention in order for this task to be faster and more efficient, has a closed structure, which can have the shape of a dome or in the shape of a truncated pyramid, with multiple faces, either square, rectangular , hexagonal, pentagonal, etc., which allows amplifying the sunlight that will cover and insulate the place, it will act in the form of a magnifying glass, concentrating the heat optimally in the entire area covered with water.
  • the invention considers an underground pipeline for capturing seawater by waves, which will advance by gravity through different layers of physical filtering as well as easy-to-maintain membranes, in order to reach the aquifer located at a depth not exceeding 10 meters below sea level. In the event that the waves are not sufficient, it will be supported by pumps powered by a renewable energy source.
  • the system has a compact pressure water extractor, driven by a pump powered by renewable energy, storing the still salty water in a container that will have a siphon system to maintain the water level. Then the water finally reaches the dome described above, which consists of two great virtues, one of these is the extraction of purified water directly from the dome, while the remaining water will filter naturally, forming an aquifer, which will allow the water to flow through processes such as surface tension and earth pressure towards layers of land located closer to the surface. This has a great impact on the place, because over time these places can be used again for cultivation and reforestation.
  • the means to condense the water can be through a central column or through the edges that form the photovoltaic panels.
  • it can incorporate storage batteries, in order to, and if required, have energy to self-power the device and maintain a continuous production of distillate.
  • a compact and/or portable system for purifying water from the sea or other hard or dirty water is defined, using solar energy, for areas with scarce water resources, with low environmental impact, and which performs the distillation of the water in a autonomous, which avoids the exploitation of non-renewable resources, such as the depletion of groundwater or other sources, which includes: A structure to contain liquids, preferably thermally insulated and closed at the top by a dome or cover, which is manufactured of transparent photovoltaic panels, completely covering the dome or roof or at least most of it, as means for capturing solar energy, which produce the greenhouse effect inside the structure and also generate electricity for the system and also generate energy electric for external use; a water accumulation pond that receives water from a source; a water storage pool that receives water from the accumulation pond, this pool is under the dome made of transparent photovoltaic panels; and evaporated water condensation means that allow the purified water to be extracted directly from inside the dome.
  • the water storage pool is also made of black hydrophobic polymers with properties of usable thermal absorption and conduction, which further capture UV radiation, making it easier for the water temperature to reach its boiling point.
  • the portable or compact modality of the invention also has a closed structure, which can be dome-shaped or in the form of a truncated pyramid, with multiple faces, whether square, rectangular, hexagonal, pentagonal, etc., which allows the light to be amplified.
  • solar panel that will cover and insulate the place, it will act in the form of a magnifying glass, concentrating heat optimally throughout the area covered with water, with transparent and non-transparent photovoltaic panels.
  • the means to condense the water in the portable or compact mode can be through a central column or through the edges that form the photovoltaic panels.
  • Storage batteries are also incorporated, in order to, and if required, have energy to self-power the device and maintain continuous production of distillate.
  • a water purification and desalination process includes providing a structure to contain liquids, preferably thermally insulated and closed at the top by a dome or cover, which is made especially of transparent photovoltaic panels such as means for capturing solar energy, completely covering the dome or roof or at least most of it, which allow the greenhouse effect to be produced inside the structure and also generate the electrical energy necessary for the process and generate electrical energy for use external, maximizing the light resource by taking advantage of the entire exterior surface of the structure as a capturing source.
  • a non-drinking water collection and filtering stage is defined, where a primary water filtering stage is carried out, which includes a set of filters to separate the largest elements contained in the water, such as earth, stones, minerals. and mud.
  • a secondary filtering stage of the water is carried out, which includes a set of membranes, where biological and chemical processes are applied to separate other smaller agents present in the water.
  • a primary water storage stage is carried out using a well as storage
  • a secondary water storage stage is carried out using a pond as storage.
  • the dome or cover made of transparent photovoltaic panels is used, covering a pool with previously treated water, covering and insulating the pool, concentrating the heat throughout the area covered with water.
  • the temperature of the water is increased to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature, which allows the water to evaporate.
  • a condensation stage is defined, where the purified water is extracted directly from the dome or vault and the rest of the distilled water generated is used for cultivation and reforestation, or for the generation of electrical or thermal energy.
  • the virtue of the invention is the use of renewable energies that do not generate more damage to the planet, but take advantage of the natural processes that it offers us for the generation of drinking water.
  • the set of processes and instruments used can categorize this as a renewable and autonomous potabilization system.
  • This innovation proposes the definition of a purification system through processes of purification and desalination of water from the sea or purification of other hard or dirty water, with the help of energy sources. specifically solar renewable through transparent photovoltaic panels in the distillation stage, maximizing the surface of the system structure, which also allow the generation of electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 shows an application for the use of photovoltaic panels in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows the water extraction system of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows different modalities that the shape of the dome or cover could take.
  • the system for purification and distillation of water from the sea or other hard or dirty water generally comprises a water purification plant or structure to contain liquids (1), preferably thermally insulated and closed at the top by a dome or cover ( 2), which is made of transparent photovoltaic panels (3), completely covering the dome or roof or at least most of it, as means for capturing solar energy, suitable for producing the greenhouse effect inside the structure and also generate electrical energy to the system and also generate electrical energy for external use.
  • a water purification plant or structure to contain liquids (1), preferably thermally insulated and closed at the top by a dome or cover ( 2), which is made of transparent photovoltaic panels (3), completely covering the dome or roof or at least most of it, as means for capturing solar energy, suitable for producing the greenhouse effect inside the structure and also generate electrical energy to the system and also generate electrical energy for external use.
  • a set of filters (7) is defined to separate the largest elements contained in the water, such as earth, stones, minerals and mud.
  • It also comprises a set of membranes, where biological and chemical processes are applied to separate other smaller agents present in the water.
  • It includes a primary storage well (8) for the previously filtered water that comes directly from a source passing through a gate (6) and a secondary accumulation tank (5) for the water to be fed to the structure to contain liquid.
  • a water storage pool (4) previously purified from the accumulation pond (5) is defined, under the dome (2) made of transparent photovoltaic panels.
  • Means for condensing the evaporated water are also included, which allow the water to be extracted directly from the interior of the dome for cultivation and reforestation.
  • the means for condensing the water can be through a central column or through the edges that form the individual solar panels.
  • the purification and de-alignment system uses an underground pipeline so that the water advances by gravity through the set of filters and the set of membranes.
  • the storage well (8) is located at a depth not exceeding 10 meters below sea level.
  • pumps (9) are used to drive the water through the set of filters (7) and the set of membranes and enter the storage well (8).
  • the secondary accumulation tank (5) for non-drinking water is located on the surface.
  • a pump (9) is defined to transfer the non-potable water from the storage well (8) to the accumulation tank (5).
  • the pool (4) is no more than 10 cm deep by one meter long and wide, which is made of polymers that allow the water to absorb heat energy, preferably with black hydrophobic polymers with absorption properties and usable thermal conduction, which will capture even more UV radiation, making it easier for the water temperature to reach its boiling point.
  • the dome cover or cover (2) is made of transparent photovoltaic panels (3) and opaque or non-transparent photovoltaic panels.
  • a compact and/or portable modality can alternatively be used that only includes the dome or cover, the transparent photovoltaic panel, the water storage pool and the accumulation pond.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de purification d'eau issue de la mer ou d'autres eaux dures ou usées, à l'aide d'énergie solaire, pour des zones à faibles ressources hydriques, de faible impact environnemental et qui effectue la distillation de l'eau de manière autonome, qui évite l'exploitation de ressources non renouvelables, comme l'épuisement des nappes souterraines ou d'autres sources, qui comprend : une structure pour contenir des liquides, préférablement isolée thermiquement et fermée sur sa partie supérieure par un dôme ou couvercle, lequel est fabriqué à partir de panneaux photovoltaïques transparents, couvrant totalement le dôme ou couvercle ou au moins la plus grande partie de celui-ci, en tant que moyens capteurs d'énergie solaire, qui produisent l'effet de serre à l'intérieur de la structure et en outre génèrent l'énergie électrique pour le système, et en outre génèrent l'énergie électrique pour un usage externe, et des moyens de condensation de l'eau évaporée qui permettent d'extraire directement l'eau de l'intérieur du dôme ; une piscine de stockage d'eau préalablement purifiée qui reçoit l'eau provenant du réservoir de stockage secondaire, cette piscine étant sous le dôme fabriqué à partir de panneaux photovoltaïques transparents ; un ensemble de filtres pour séparer les éléments plus grands contenus dans l'eau, comme la terre, les pierres, les minéraux et la boue ; un ensemble de membranes, sur lequel sont appliqués des procédés biologiques et chimiques pour séparer d'autres agents plus petits présents dans l'eau ; un puits de stockage primaire de l'eau préalablement filtrée ; et un réservoir de stockage secondaire de l'eau qui reçoit l'eau du puits de stockage primaire.
PCT/CL2020/050174 2020-12-13 2020-12-13 Système de potabilisation d'eau issue de la mer ou d'autres eaux dures ou usées, à l'aide d'énergie solaire WO2022120506A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CL2020/050174 WO2022120506A1 (fr) 2020-12-13 2020-12-13 Système de potabilisation d'eau issue de la mer ou d'autres eaux dures ou usées, à l'aide d'énergie solaire

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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PCT/CL2020/050174 WO2022120506A1 (fr) 2020-12-13 2020-12-13 Système de potabilisation d'eau issue de la mer ou d'autres eaux dures ou usées, à l'aide d'énergie solaire

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010004874A1 (de) * 2009-07-06 2011-01-13 Technische Universität München PV/T-Anlagen in Wasseraufbereitungssystemen
CN108083369A (zh) * 2016-11-23 2018-05-29 华北电力大学 太阳能pv/t-膜蒸馏一体化海水海水系统
US20180170770A1 (en) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-21 Nevin Hedlund Self-contained photovoltaic distillation apparatus
US10093552B2 (en) * 2008-02-22 2018-10-09 James Weifu Lee Photovoltaic panel-interfaced solar-greenhouse distillation systems
WO2020099955A1 (fr) * 2018-11-15 2020-05-22 King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology Procédé et système à base d'énergie solaire pour production simultanée d'électricité et d'eau douce par distillation membranaire

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10093552B2 (en) * 2008-02-22 2018-10-09 James Weifu Lee Photovoltaic panel-interfaced solar-greenhouse distillation systems
DE102010004874A1 (de) * 2009-07-06 2011-01-13 Technische Universität München PV/T-Anlagen in Wasseraufbereitungssystemen
CN108083369A (zh) * 2016-11-23 2018-05-29 华北电力大学 太阳能pv/t-膜蒸馏一体化海水海水系统
US20180170770A1 (en) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-21 Nevin Hedlund Self-contained photovoltaic distillation apparatus
WO2020099955A1 (fr) * 2018-11-15 2020-05-22 King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology Procédé et système à base d'énergie solaire pour production simultanée d'électricité et d'eau douce par distillation membranaire

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