WO2011003223A1 - 治疗或预防心肌缺血引起的心绞痛或心肌梗塞的药物组合物 - Google Patents

治疗或预防心肌缺血引起的心绞痛或心肌梗塞的药物组合物 Download PDF

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WO2011003223A1
WO2011003223A1 PCT/CN2009/000788 CN2009000788W WO2011003223A1 WO 2011003223 A1 WO2011003223 A1 WO 2011003223A1 CN 2009000788 W CN2009000788 W CN 2009000788W WO 2011003223 A1 WO2011003223 A1 WO 2011003223A1
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pharmaceutical composition
composition according
myocardial
angina
heart
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PCT/CN2009/000788
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English (en)
French (fr)
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唐静静
苏慕寰
林汉钦
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杏辉天力(杭州)药业有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2009/000788 priority Critical patent/WO2011003223A1/zh
Priority to US13/383,261 priority patent/US9446018B2/en
Publication of WO2011003223A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011003223A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/352Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
    • A61K31/3533,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/82Theaceae (Tea family), e.g. camellia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the prevention and treatment of cardiac damage, angina or myocardial infarction caused by myocardial ischemia. Background technique
  • Cardiac contraction transports blood from the heart to the organs, tissues, and cells of the body.
  • the coronary arteries provide blood (mainly containing oxygen, glucose, and nutrients) to the heart's cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes then use oxygen and glucose to produce energy (ie, ATP) for the heart itself to use.
  • energy ie, ATP
  • the coronary artery produces atherosclerosis, the artery becomes narrow; (2) when the coronary artery is partially blocked (such as platelet aggregation to form a thrombus); or (3) when the vasospasm is contracted . If you encounter an increase in energy consumption (such as exercise), you will not be able to supply enough blood to the heart muscle to create energy.
  • the heart is in a state of reduced blood supply, that is, lack of blood, which can cause angina. If the coronary artery does not supply blood, and the heart is a little ischemia (15 seconds to 15 minutes), it will cause myocardial cell necrosis, which is medically called myocardial infarction.
  • angina drugs can be divided into three categories from the perspective of reducing cardiac work. One is nitrate compounds (Nitrates), the second is beta-blockers ( ⁇ -Blocker), and the third is calcium channel antagonists. Calcium antagonist ). The first class of drugs, nitrates, reduce the heart's work function.
  • the heart shrinks and delivers blood to the heart. . Therefore, the role of venous return blood is medically known as preload, while nitrate has a reduced preload function.
  • the role of venous return blood is medically known as preload, while nitrate has a reduced preload function.
  • the role of arterial resistance, medically known as afterload, nitrate has a reduced afterload function.
  • the second type of drug ⁇ -receptor antagonist can reduce the heart's work function by reducing the number of heartbeats, and the number of times the heart does work, so the energy consumption is also reduced.
  • the mechanism of action of the third type of drug calcium channel antagonist is that its target is in the arterial blood vessels, preventing calcium from flowing into the blood vessel cells, thereby expanding the artery and reducing the vascular resistance caused by the vasoconstriction, thereby reducing the work of the heart and easily
  • the blood output is supplied to the tissues and organs (lowering the load).
  • Stable angina is generally due to coronary artery stenosis, and therapeutic drugs such as the above three types of drugs.
  • Unstable angina often causes plaque fissure in atherosclerotic plaques of the coronary arteries.
  • agglutination causes different degrees of vascular occlusion, and also causes cardiovascular paralysis (vasospasm), which can cause coronary crowns.
  • Arterial blood flow is reduced, such angina also occurs at rest and tends to be longer and more harmful, often a precursor to acute myocardial infarction.
  • angina is often treated with anti-platelet aggregation drugs, such as aspirin.
  • anti-platelet aggregation drugs such as aspirin.
  • aspirin As for variant angina, it is less common because of coronary artery spasm. Calcium channel anti-antagonism or nitrate is used to directly dilate the coronary artery to treat this type of angina pectoris.
  • tea polyphenols are a general term for polyphenols in tea, including flavanols, anthocyanins, flavonoids, flavonols and Phenolic acids and the like. Flavanols are the most abundant compounds in tea polyphenols, also known as catechins.
  • the main catechin compounds in green tea are catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (epicocate gallate). ECG), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallocatechin-3-gallate (GCG), gallocatechin (GC), and catechin - gallate ester ( catechin-3 - gallate, CG ).
  • catechins accounts for about 70% of the total amount of tea polyphenols. It is considered to be the main health care component and is particularly valued. There are quite a few documents explaining its pharmacological effects. Anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-atherosclerosis, reduce weight, etc. There are also many studies on the relationship between tea and cardiovascular diseases. In these 6 to 7 years, in the United States, the Netherlands, Japan and other tens of thousands of healthy people, it is found that drinking tea can lower the heart and brain. The probability and risk of vascular disease, so the health benefits of drinking tea are well known.
  • MI heartin infarction
  • myocardial infarction is usually treated with thrombolysis, angioplasty or coronary bypass graft surgery. To handle.
  • the invention pays attention to the fact that when the myocardium is continuously supplied with blood but the blood volume is insufficient, cardiac cell death (irreversible injury or myocardial infarction) may occur, whether there is a drug to slow myocardial death, or the myocardial is reversible. There is still a chance to save the heart during the injury phase.
  • Myocardial death is due to biochemical changes. Due to myocardial ischemia, insufficient oxygen and glucose, myocardial energy production (ATP) is the most important cause of myocardial damage.
  • the sodium pump on the ATP-dependent cell membrane cannot work, and the sodium, calcium and water molecules outside the cell flood into the cells, causing the cells to swell, and the cells are still in a reversible state. If the blood is supplied again, the cells can return to normal. However, if the ischemic state continues, the intralysosomal lysosomes will rupture, and various decomposing enzymes (proteins, fats, nucleic acids, etc.) will be released. The cell membrane, various biochemical substances in the cell will be destroyed. An important factor in this disruption process is the increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration caused by the above ATP deficiency.
  • US 2006/01 16333 A1 discloses a pharmaceutical composition comprising tea polyphenols for protecting and preserving organs, tissues or cells for use in organ transplantation to protect organs from injury.
  • the damage described in this patent is completely different from some of the ischemic injuries in the human body described above, because the heart is still working under limited ATP (heart contraction).
  • ATP heart contraction
  • the heart does not work when the heart moves out of the body. If the heart is moved back into the body, it will cause an ischemia-reperfusion injury.
  • Ischemia-reperfusion injury is caused by oxygen in the blood, which causes the myocardium to produce a new enzyme, xanthine oxidase, which is converted into harmful free radicals (such as ⁇ 0 2 - , ⁇ 2 0 2 , ⁇ ), which causes fat peroxidation on cell membrane fat and damages cell membrane. Therefore, during the blood supply process during organ transplantation, the damage is caused by free radicals, such as providing anti-oxidant substances (having anti-free radical action) to prevent this damage.
  • the antioxidants used in the above patents are well known as tea polyphenols. This publicly available data shows that the heart is edematous when the heart is removed from the body.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition capable of treating and preventing discomfort and injury caused by myocardial ischemia, such as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises catechins.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention further comprises a drug (e.g., nitrate or nitrite) for treating angina pectoris.
  • a drug e.g., nitrate or nitrite
  • the present invention utilizes an animal model for simulating myocardial death (myocardial infarction) damage caused by myocardial partial ischemia, and finds a tea polyphenol extract (STA-2) containing catechin compounds and anti-angina pectoris (also known as anti-angina).
  • STA-2 tea polyphenol extract
  • the combined administration of nitrate drugs was applied alone than the nitrate drugs, and had significant inhibitory effects and protective effects on myocardial infarction caused by partial myocardial ischemia (Example 1, Table 1 and Figure 1). This result was confirmed by a similar repeated experiment (Example 2).
  • Example 2 In a preventive experiment, the catechin compound and nitrate were administered before ischemia, and the catechin compound and nitrate were not administered after ischemia, indicating that the combined use of the catechin compound and the nitrate drug is suitable for the myocardium.
  • the present invention discloses that the inhibitory effect of the nitrate-based drug alone on myocardial infarction is 39% in the untreated group, and the effect of inhibiting myocardial infarction after the combination of the catechin compound and the nitrate drug is enhanced by using the nitrate drug alone.
  • the inhibitory effect was 46% for the nitrate drug alone and 85% for the untreated group (Example 1 and Figure 2).
  • Such a significant inhibition of the difference in myocardial infarction indicates that a synergistic effect (synergistic effect) is produced when the tea polyphenol extract (STA-2) containing a catechin compound is combined with a nitrate drug, and the nitrate drug is remarkably enhanced.
  • the inhibitory effect and protective effect of anti-myocardial infarction alone also discloses that in the model of myocardial ischemia in a living animal heart ischemia I, when the tea polyphenol extract (STA-2) containing the catechin compound is used alone in the high dose and low dose two dose groups, Although STA-2 was found to protect cells from the loss of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK), the improvement and inhibition of myocardial infarct size were not obvious. Effect.
  • STA-2 tea polyphenol extract
  • LDH lactate dehydrogenase
  • CPK creatine phosphokinase
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a tea polyphenol extract (catechin compound) in combination with an anti-angina nitrate drug, and the remarkable effect of treating angina pectoris is confirmed in an embodiment of a human clinical trial of angina pectoris (Example 3) ).
  • the human clinical trial uses a tea polyphenol extract (STA-2) containing a catechin compound, a nitrate drug isosorbide dinitrate, and an isosorbide dinitrate alone, and an STA. -2 , it was found that the tea polyphenol extract ( STA-2 ) containing catechin compound combined with isosorbide dinitrate showed a total effective rate of 88.9% for the reduction of the number of episodes of angina pectoris, symptom reduction and improvement of electrocardiogram. The total effective rate was significantly higher than that of 68.9% of the isosorbide dinitrate alone and 56.7% of the tea polyphenol extract (STA-2) containing the catechin compound.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the catechin compound of the present invention in combination with an anti-angina drug can be used for both animal and human tests, and has a preventive and therapeutic effect on angina caused by myocardial ischemia and subsequent myocardial infarction.
  • Figure 1 shows the therapeutic effect of STA-2 alone or in combination with aspirin dinitrate or with aspirin on myocardial infarction caused by partial ischemia.
  • Fig. 2 is a graph showing the comparison of the relative percentages of inhibition of myocardial infarct size in the first group, the second group, and the fifth group of experiments of Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows the effect of STA-2 alone or in combination with isosorbide dinitrate and aspirin on serum CPK concentrations at ischemia-induced myocardial death.
  • Figure 4 shows the effect of STA-2 alone or in combination with isosorbide dinitrate and aspirin on the serum LDH concentration at the time of ischemia-induced death of the heart.
  • Figure 5 shows the effect of STA-2 alone or in combination with isosorbide dinitrate and aspirin on serum NO concentration at ischemia in myocardial death. The best way to implement the invention
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating and preventing discomfort caused by myocardial ischemia in a patient, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a catechin compound, wherein the discomfort caused by the myocardial ischemia is angina pectoris or cardiac congestion.
  • the discomfort caused by the myocardial ischemia is angina pectoris.
  • the discomfort caused by the myocardial ischemia is myocardial infarction.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention further comprises a medicament for treating angina pectoris.
  • the medicament for treating angina is a nitrate compound (Nitrates), a beta receptor antagonist ( ⁇ -Blocker) or a calcium channel antagonist (Calcium antagonist).
  • the medicament for treating angina is a choline or sorbate compound, such as amyl nitrite, erythrityl tetranitrate, trinitroglyceride. ( glyceryl trinitrate ) , hexanitrate , isosorbide dinitrate , nitroglycerine or pentaerythritol tetranitrate .
  • the drug is isosorbide dinitrate.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention further comprises aspirin, and the discomfort is unstable angina.
  • the catechin compound is contained in a tea polyphenol extract extracted from tea leaves, and the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises the tea polyphenol extract.
  • the tea polyphenol extract comprises one or more catechin compounds selected from the group consisting of EGCG, ECG, EGC, EC, GCG, CG, GC and catechin. Group. More preferably, the tea polyphenol extract contains 80% by weight or more of a catechin compound. Most preferably, the tea polyphenol extract contains not less than 98% by weight of a catechin compound.
  • the tea polyphenol extract contains 60% by weight or more of EGCG.
  • composition of the present invention may further comprise a diluent, excipient or carrier.
  • the purpose of this example is to investigate the use of tea polyphenol extract STA-2 containing catechin compounds alone (Tianli Body Protection®, manufactured by Xinghui Tianli (Hangzhou) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), causing ischemia in animals. Does cardiomyocyte death have a protective effect, and whether the combination of STA-2 and cardiovascular drugs can increase the preventive and therapeutic effects.
  • the STA-2 line was extracted from tea leaves, and its catechin compound content was ⁇ 98 (% by weight), wherein the content of EGCG was 60% by weight.
  • CD CD (SD) SPF rats, weighing 350-450 g, were housed in stainless steel cages. Room temperature is controlled at 21 ⁇ 2 ° C, humidity 30-70%, 12 hours light / dark alternate, drinking water and feed ( Purina Certified Rodent Chow, #001) is not limited. Preparation and administration of drug solution
  • STA-2 Formulate STA-2 powder with water to make 50 mg/ml (low dose), 150 mg/ml
  • Isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide dinitrate (5 mg / piece) was added to water to make 3.75 mg / ml, and mixed evenly before use.
  • STA-2+ isosorbide dinitrate STA-2 powder and isosorbide dinitrate particles were added to water to prepare STA-2 concentration 50 mg/ml (low dose) and isosorbide dinitrate concentration 3.75 mg/ml. a mixture of drugs.
  • STA-2+ aspirin STA-2 powder and aspirin granules were mixed with water to prepare a mixture of STA-2 concentration 50 mg/ml and aspirin concentration 1.66 mg/ml.
  • the experimental animals were divided into 7 groups, 4 in each group, once a day, and the administration volume was 5 ml/Kg. Group and dosage
  • the 7 groups of rats in the above table were administered with various drugs according to the dosages in the table, and the drugs were continuously administered for ⁇ days.
  • the animals were anesthetized with the anaesthetic ketamine and urethane, and the trachea was attached to the respirator.
  • IP intraperitoneal injection
  • CPK and LDH in the serum of the test article are expressed in units/ml. NO is expressed in ⁇ . Cardiac infarction is expressed as a percentage. The data is expressed as mean (mean) standard error (SEM).
  • test results were calculated using the t-test in the sigma statis software to calculate the P value.
  • PO.05 indicates a significant difference
  • PO.01 indicates a very significant difference
  • **. PO.001 indicates a very significant difference, expressed as ***. This is the same as the drug control group (isosorbide dinitrate), and the * symbol is replaced by the + symbol.
  • Group heart infarction percentage (%) Group 1 (blank control group: water) 13.81 ⁇ 1.2 Group 2 (isosorbide dinitrate) 8.475 ⁇ 0.93* Group 3 (STA-2 (low dose)) 8.6 ⁇ 2.7
  • Group 4 (STA-2 (high dose)) 11.801 ⁇ 1.3
  • Group 5 (STA-2 (low dose) + isosorbide dinitrate) 2.04 ⁇ 0.59*** ++
  • Group 6 (aspirin) 14.75 ⁇ 2.8
  • Group 7 (STA-2 (low dose) + aspirin) 16.14 ⁇ 1.7
  • tea polyphenols have ischemia (when organ transplantation), free radical damage caused by free blood supply (organs returning to the individual) damages the cell membrane, causing the release of enzymes such as CPK and LDH into the blood. .
  • tea polyphenols like aspirin, do not help the death of the heart caused by long-term ischemia. Therefore, as shown in Table 1 and Figure 1, the tea polyphenols must be combined with a heart-relieving angina treatment drug (such as the isosorbide dinitrate compound in this experiment) to show the effect of treating ischemia on the heart.
  • Fig. 1 is a comparison diagram showing the relative percentages of the dead zone of the first group, the second group, and the fifth group of the present embodiment.
  • Figure 2 explores:
  • Test group ⁇ Tea extract containing catechin STA-2 combined with isosorbide dinitrate Control group ⁇ : Isosorbide dinitrate was used alone
  • Test group ⁇ Tea extract containing catechin STA-2 used alone
  • the main symptoms of short-term chest pain (angina pectoris) induced by exercise or other conditions that increase myocardial oxygen demand are more than one month or more, more than twice a week, ECG
  • the graph shows a temporary ST-segment depression or a T-wave change.
  • Control group 45 45 people, 33 males and 12 females, aged 52-78 years old.
  • Test group ⁇ 30 people, 12 males and 18 females, aged 41-65 years old.
  • Test group ⁇ isosorbide dinitrate 10 mg - three times a day (tid) + catechin (STA-2) 200 mg tid for 8 weeks.
  • Control group A isosorbide dinitrate lOmg (tid) for 8 weeks.
  • Test group B catechin (STA-2) 200 mg tid for 4 weeks.
  • the main symptoms such as angina disappeared and the ECG returned to the normal ECG.
  • the main symptoms such as angina pectoris are relieved, and the improvement of ECG reaches the following criteria:
  • the decrease of ST segment is more than 0.05mV after treatment, but it does not reach the normal level, and the inverted T wave of the main lead is changed shallow (up to 25% or more); or T wave From flat to erect, room or indoor conduction block improvement.
  • Invalid :
  • the main symptoms such as angina pectoris did not improve, and the electrocardiogram was the same as before treatment.
  • the main symptoms such as angina pectoris are worse than before the test.
  • the ST segment of the ECG is more than 0.05mV before treatment, the main lead is inverted T wave deeper (more than 25%) or the vertical T wave is flattened, the flat T wave is inverted, and the ectopic rhythm, atrioventricular block or indoor Conduction block.
  • Total effective rate (effective number of cases + number of effective cases) ⁇ total case X 100;
  • Test group A has a significant difference compared with control group A. PO.05

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Description

治疗或预防心肌缺血引起的心绞痛或心肌梗塞的药物组合物 技术领域
本发明系关于心肌缺血所引起心脏伤害、 心绞痛 (angina ) 或心肌梗 塞 ( myocardial infarction ) 的预防与治疗。 背景技术
心脏收缩 (即做功) , 将血液从心脏运送至全身器官、 组织及细胞, 源自于冠状动脉能提供血液(主要含氧气、 葡萄糖及营养素)给心脏心肌 细胞。 心肌细胞再将氧气及葡萄糖制造出能量(即 ATP )供给心脏本身做 功使用。 心脏有下列情形时, ( 1 ) 冠状动脉产生粥状硬化时, 使得动脉 血管内变得狭窄; ( 2 )冠状动脉有部分阻塞时(如血小板凝集形成血栓); 或者 (3 )血管痉挛收缩时。 如又遇到人体耗费能量增加时 (如运动) , 则无法供应足够血液给心肌制造能量, 此时心脏处在供血减少状况下即缺 血,会造成心绞痛。如冠状动脉不供血,心几缺血过久( 15秒到 15分钟), 则会造成心肌细胞坏死, 医学上称之为心肌梗塞。
当心肌缺血造成心绞痛时, 就会被要求休息, 因为减少心脏做功是最 好治疗方式。 心脏做功减少, 心脏所需能量就少, 制造能量之物质 (氧气 及葡萄糖)就可以减少, 冠状动脉供应血到心月几就可以减少, 因此心绞痛 就可以緩解。 治疗心绞痛药物, 从减少心脏做功的角度来看可分三类, 一 是硝酸盐化合物(Nitrates ) , 第二类是 β受体拮抗剂 ( β-Blocker ) , 第三 类是钙通道拮抗剂 ( Calcium antagonist ) 。 第一类药物硝酸盐类减少心脏 做功之作用机理是( 1 ) 通过扩张静脉, 使血液储留在静脉, 减少血液回 流心脏,回流心脏血液少则心脏收缩运送血液出心脏所做的功就少。 因此, 静脉回流血液扮演的角色, 医学上称为前负荷(preload ) , 而硝酸盐则具 有降低前负荷功能。 (2 ) 扩张动脉, 降低血管阻力, 使血液运出心脏时 阻力变小, 因此, 心脏收缩做功所需能量变少。 动脉阻力扮演的角色, 医 学上称为后负荷 (afterload ) , 硝酸盐兼具有降低后负荷功能。 第二类药 物 β受体拮抗剂能够减少心脏做功之作用机理是使心跳次数减少, 心脏做 功次数也跟着减少, 因而能量消耗也同步减少。 第三类药物钙通道拮抗剂 作用机理是其作用目标在动脉血管, 阻止钙流入血管细胞内, 因此能够扩 张动脉, 降低血管收缩所产生血管阻力, 因此能够降低心脏做功, 轻易将 血液输出心脏提供给组织、 器官 (降低后负荷) 。
心绞痛一般有三种型态, 稳定型( Stable angina )、 不稳定型(unstable angina )及变异型 (Prinzmetal's angina ) 。 稳定型心绞痛一般是因冠状动 脉狭窄, 治疗药物如上述三类药品。 不稳定型心绞痛常因冠状动脉之粥状 硬化斑块产生裂伤 (plaque fissure ) 除了引起血小板凝集, 凝集大小会造 成不同程度血管阻塞, 也会引起心血管痉挛(vasospasm ) , 二者会造成冠 状动脉血流减少, 此种心绞痛在休息时也会发生且发作期倾向较长, 伤害 性较大, 常为急性心肌梗塞的前兆。 此类心绞痛除上述三类之药物外, 常 需搭配抗血小板凝集药物, 如阿司匹林(Aspirin ) , 合用治疗。 至于变异 型心绞痛较少见, 是因冠状动脉痉挛引起, 一般使用钙通道抗拮剂或硝酸 盐直接扩张冠状动脉治疗此型之心绞痛。
绿茶有许多化学成分及文献记载的药理作用,化学成分中,茶多酚( tea polyphenols )是茶叶中多酚类物质的总称, 包括黄烷醇类、 花色苷类、 黄 酮类、 黄酮醇类和酚酸类等。 黄烷醇 (flavanols )是茶多酚中含量最多的 化合物, 又称儿茶素化合物 (catechins ) 。 绿茶中主要的儿茶素化合物是 儿茶素 ( catechin, C ) 、 表儿茶素 ( epicatechin, EC ) 、 表没食子儿茶素 ( epigallocatechin, EGC )、表儿茶素没食子酸酯( epicatechin gallate, ECG )、 表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 ( epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG ) 、 没食子儿 茶素 -没食子酸酯 ( gallocatechin-3 -gallate , GCG ) 、 没食子儿茶素 ( gallocatechin, GC ) 、 和儿茶素 -没食子酸酯( catechin-3 -gallate, CG ) 。
儿茶素化合物 (catechins ) 的含量约占茶多酚总量的 70%左右, 被认 为是主要的保健成分, 特别受到重视, 有相当多的文献说明其药理作用, 例^口: 抗氧 ^匕作用 ( anti- oxidation ) 、 抗发炎作用 ( anti- inflammation ) 、 抗病毒 ( anti-viral )、抗癌 ( anti-cancer )、预防动脉硬化 ( anti-atherosclerosis )、 减肥( reduce weight )等。 茶和心血管疾病之间的关系, 也有许多的研究, 在这些长达 6至 7年, 于美国、荷兰、 日本等多达上万健康人群的研究中, 都发现喝茶可降低心、 脑血管病发生的机率以及风险, 因此喝茶对健康的 好处世人共知。
心、 脑血管疾病一直是高居十大死因的前三名, 美国每年则约有一百 万的人口历经心月几梗塞 ( myocardial infarction, MI ) 。
因为心肌梗塞一般会应用血栓溶解治疗 (Thrombolysis ) , 血管扩张 术 ( Angioplasty ) 或者冠状动脉搭桥手术 ( coronary bypass graft surgery ) 来处理。 本发明所重视的是当心肌处在有血液持续供应但血液量不足时, 会产生心脏细胞死亡(不可逆伤害或称心肌梗塞) , 是否有药物可以减緩 心肌死亡, 或使心肌在处于可逆性伤害阶段时仍有机会救回心脏。 心肌死 亡从生物化学变化过程来看, 因心肌缺血, 氧气及葡萄糖不足, 心肌制造 能量 (ATP ) 不足为造成心肌细胞伤害最重要起始原因。 因能量不足, 造 成依赖 ATP之细胞膜上钠泵无法工作, 而造成细胞外面钠、钙及水分子涌 入细胞内,造成细胞肿胀, 此时细胞仍处在可逆转状态。如再度供应血液, 细胞可恢复成正常状态。 但是如缺血状态仍持续下去, 细胞内溶酶体 ( lysosomes )会破裂, 其内各种分解酶(蛋白质、 脂肪、 核酸 ......等分解 酶)会被释放出来, 此时不只细胞膜, 细胞内各种生化物质均会遭到破坏。 此破坏过程的重要因素是上述 ATP不足所造成细胞内钙离子浓度升高。 因 为钙离子浓度升高会活化被释放出来之各种酶, 进一步进行细胞整体性全 面性破坏。 因此心肌死亡之过程从生化学角度来看历经三个阶段; (一) 缺血造成 ATP不足; (二)细胞内钙离子浓度升高; (三)水解酶被释放 出来。 如在生化过程第二个阶段则属于可逆性伤害, 细胞外观可看到水肿 现象, 此时供应氧气 /葡萄糖, 心肌细胞仍可救回。 到第三阶段则属不可 逆伤害, 心肌会死亡且无法救回。 美国专利公开 US 2006/01 16333 A1揭示 了一种保护及保存器官、 组织或细胞的包含茶多酚医药组合物, 应用在器 官移植时, 保护器官不被伤害。 此专利所描述之伤害完全不同于上述人体 内之部分缺血性伤害, 因为心脏仍在有限的 ATP下做功 (心脏收缩) 。 但 是器官移植时, 心脏移出人体时心脏已不做功, 如心脏再移回人体内则会 产生一种缺血再灌注伤害。 缺血再灌注伤害是因再供应血时, 血中氧气会 使心肌产生一种新的酶, 黄嘌呤氧化酶( xanthine oxidase ) , 转化成有伤 害性之自由基(如 ·02- , Η202 , ·ΟΗ )而对细胞膜脂肪产生脂肪过氧化作用 而伤害细胞膜。 因此器官移植时再供血过程中, 伤害是由自由基而来, 如 提供抗氧化物质 (具有对抗自由基作用) 即能防止此项伤害。 上述专利所 使用的抗氧化物质为大家所熟知之茶多酚。 本篇公开资料显示心脏移出人 体时, 所观察到的心几有水肿现象。 因此心脏移植时, 心脏仅处于可逆性 伤害阶段而己, 尚不至于心肌死亡阶段。 因此, 缺血(心绞痛)所引起心 脏伤害与缺血再灌注伤害 (器官移植)二者的伤害性质不同。 发明内容
如上述心肌缺血生化过程中, 各种酶之释出及活化为心肌死亡的重要 因素。 如果药物能螯合钙离子, 降低钙离子活化酶或者药物本身具有直接 抑制分解酶作用, 都有可能降低心肌朝死亡发展。 本案发明人从动物实验 中, 意外发现儿茶素化合物能有效减少动物心肌细胞死亡。 此种抑制心肌 朝向死亡是否因儿茶素化合物部分化学结构具有 2-羟基苯酚(Catechol ) 结构而能够螯合钙离子(此种螯合钙之 2-羟基结构已被学术界证实); 或 因茶多酚具有之 2-羟基苯酚具有弱酸性性质, 能够结合分解酶而抑制酶之 分解作用, 仍待科学性研究证实。 另外 2-羟基苯酚具螯合作用, 有可能如 同钙通道拮抗剂, 减少血管细胞内钙浓度, 因而造成对于血管扩张, 降低 心脏后负荷, 而降低心脏做功及保有较多之 ATP , 有利于心绞痛的减轻, 但是所需浓度仍不清楚。
本发明的主要目的是提供一种能够治疗及预防心肌缺血所造成的不 适及伤害 (例如心绞痛及心肌梗塞)之医药组合物, 其中该医药组合物包 含儿茶素化合物 ( catechins ) 。
较佳的, 本发明的医药组合物进一步包含一治疗心绞痛的药物(例如 硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐) 。
本发明利用动物模拟心肌部分缺血造成心肌死亡(心肌梗塞)损伤的 实验方式,发现含儿茶素化合物的茶多酚萃取物( STA-2 )与抗心绞痛(亦 称抗狭心症)的硝酸盐类药物合并施用比硝酸盐类药物单独施用, 对于部 分心肌缺血所造成的心肌梗塞有显著的抑制效果及保护作用 (实施例 1、 表 1及图 1 ) 。 此结果得到类似重复实验之确认(实施例 2 ) 。 实施例 2 为一预防性实验, 观察缺血前给予儿茶素化合物及硝酸盐, 缺血后不给予 儿茶素化合物及硝酸盐, 显示儿茶素化合物与硝酸盐药物的合并用药适合 作心肌因缺血因素所造成心绞痛或心肌梗塞之预防剂。
本发明揭示硝酸盐类药物单独使用对心肌梗塞的抑制效果是未用药 组的 39% , 而儿茶素化合物与硝酸盐药物合并用药后, 抑制心肌梗塞的作 用效果比单独使用硝酸盐药物增强 4倍, 抑制效果是单独使用硝酸盐药物 的 46%、 是未用药组的 85% (实施例 1及图 2 ) 。 如此显著的抑制心肌 梗塞差异效果, 表示在含儿茶素化合物的茶多酚萃取物 (STA-2 ) 与硝酸 盐药物合并使用时, 产生了协同效果(synergistic effect ) , 明显加强了硝 酸盐药物单独抗心肌梗死的抑制效果及保护作用。 本发明还揭示在实施例活体动物心脏缺血 I起心肌死亡模型中, 当含 儿茶素化合物的茶多酚萃取物 (STA-2 ) 于高剂量及低剂量二个剂量组单 独使用时, 虽然发现 STA-2 可保护细胞减少细胞内乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH )以及肌酸騎酸激酶 ( creatinine phosphokinase, CPK ) 的漏出, 但对心肌梗塞面积的改善及抑制均未能达明显的效果。 此结果对 照曰本学者于 US2006/0116333A1专利申请案中所提出的, 单独使用多酚 类物质 (包含茶多酚)对于心、 脑等器官移植再接回活体组织所产生之自 由基损伤细胞时具保护作用二者伤害因素完全不同; 前者是自由基伤害, 后者是能量不足(ATP )及钙浓度升高引起伤害。
本发明提供的一种以茶多酚萃取物(儿茶素化合物)合用抗心绞痛硝 酸盐药物的医药组合物, 其治疗心绞痛的显著效果于心绞痛人体临床试验 的实施例中被证实 (实施例 3 ) 。
该人体临床试验以含儿茶素化合物之茶多酚萃取物 (STA-2 ) 、 合用 硝酸盐类药物二硝酸异山梨酯 ( isosorbide dinitrate ) , 观察比对单独使用 二硝酸异山梨酯、 以及 STA-2 , 结果发现含儿茶素化合物的茶多酚萃取物 ( STA-2 )合用二硝酸异山梨酯, 对患者心绞痛发作次数之减少、 症状减 轻以及心电图改善的总有效率达 88.9%, 其总有效率明显高于单独使用二 硝酸异山梨酯的 68.9%、 含儿茶素化合物之茶多酚萃取物 (STA-2 ) 的 56.7%。
综合上述可知无论动物试验或人体试验均证明本发明的儿茶素化合 物合用抗心绞痛药物的医药组合物, 对因心肌缺血所引起的心绞痛及后续 之心肌梗塞具有预防及治疗效果。 附图的简要说明
图 1显示 STA-2单独使用或与二硝酸异山梨酯、或与阿司匹林合并使 用对部分缺血引起的心肌细胞梗死的治疗效果。
图 2显示本发明实施例 1的第 1组、 第 2组及第 5组实验的抑制心肌 梗死面积之相对百分率的比较。
图 3显示 STA-2单独使用或与二硝酸异山梨酯、阿司匹林合并使用对 缺血引起心肌死亡时的血清 CPK浓度的影响。
图 4显示 STA-2单独使用或与二硝酸异山梨酯、阿司匹林合并使用对 缺血引起心月几死亡时的血清 LDH浓度的影响。 图 5显示 STA-2单独使用或与二硝酸异山梨酯、 阿司匹林合并使用对 缺血 I起心肌死亡时的血清 NO浓度的影响。 实施发明的最佳方式
本发明提供一种治疗及预防患者因心肌缺血所引起的不适的医药组 合物, 包含治疗有效量的一儿茶素化合物, 其中该心肌缺血所引起的不适 为心绞痛或心 更塞。
较佳的, 该心肌缺血所引起的不适为心绞痛。
较佳的, 该心肌缺血所引起的不适为心肌梗塞。
较佳的, 本发明的医药组合物进一步包含一种治疗心绞痛的药物。 较佳的, 该治疗心绞痛的药物是硝酸盐化合物 (Nitrates ) 、 β受体拮 抗剂 (β-Blocker ) 或钙通道拮抗剂 ( Calcium antagonist ) 。 更佳的, 该治 疗心绞痛的药物为 肖酸盐或亚 肖酸盐化合物, 例如 il確酸戍酯(amyl nitrite ) , 四硝'酸赤藓醇酯( erythrityl tetranitrate ) , 三硝'酸甘油酯( glyceryl trinitrate ) , 六 肖酸盐 ( hexanitrate ) , 二肖酸异山梨酷 ( isosorbide dinitrate ) , 肖酸甘油酷( nitroglycerine )或四 肖酸成四酉竽酷( pentaerythritol tetranitrate )。 较佳的, 该药物为二硝酸异山梨酯。
较佳的, 本发明的医药组合物进一步包含阿司匹林( Aspirin ) , 及该 不适为不稳定型心绞痛。
较佳的, 该儿茶素化合物被包含于一由茶叶萃取的茶多酚萃取物, 且 本发明的医药组合物包含该茶多酚萃取物。
较佳的, 该茶多酚萃取物包含选自下列群组的一种或多种儿茶素化合 物: EGCG, ECG, EGC, EC, GCG, CG, GC 及儿茶素 ( catechin ) 所 组成的群组。 更佳的, 所述的茶多酚萃取物含有 80重量%以上的儿茶素化 合物。最佳的,所述的茶多酚萃取物含有不低于 98重量%的儿茶素化合物。
较佳的, 该茶多酚萃取物含有 60重量%以上的 EGCG。
本发明的医药组合物可以进一步含有一稀释剂、 赋形剂或载体。
本发明将藉以下实施例被进一步了解, 该等实施例仅为说明之用而非 用于限制本发明范围。
本说明书所提及的百分比及份量除非另外指明否则皆以重量为基准。 而各百分比范围的总合为 100%。 实施例 1 : 动物试验
本实施例之目的是探讨单独使用含儿茶素化合物之茶多酚萃取物 STA-2 (天力体保 ®, 杏辉天力 (杭州) 药业有限公司制造) , 对动物心 脏缺血引起的心肌细胞死亡是否有保护作用,以及将 STA-2和心血管常用 药合用是否能增加预防及治疗功能效果。 STA-2系萃取自茶叶, 其儿茶素 化合物含量为 ^ 98 (重量%) , 其中 EGCG的含量 ^ 60重量%。
1. 心肌细胞死亡的观察: 利用动物模拟心肌缺血所造成的死亡, 以结 扎心脏左降支冠状动脉, 而保留右降支冠状动脉, 造成心几细胞部分缺血 缺氧, 之后再让左降支冠状动脉去掉结扎, 恢复心脏供血, 计算心梗死面 积、百分比。
2. 生 4匕分析: ( 1 )血清月几酸騎酸激酶 ( creatinine phosphokinase, CPK ) 浓度; ( 2 )血清乳酸脱氢酶 ( Lactate dehydrogenase, LDH ) 浓度; ( 3 ) 血清一氧化氮 ( nitric oxide, NO ) 浓度。 实验动物
12周龄以下 Crl: CD ( SD ) SPF大鼠, 重量 350-450g, 分别饲养于不 锈钢笼中。 室温控制于 21±2°C , 湿度 30-70%, 12小时光照 /黑暗交替, 饮 水及饲料( Purina Certified Rodent Chow, #001 ) 不限制。 投药溶液的配制及投药
1. STA-2: 将 STA-2粉末加水配制成 50 mg/ml (低剂量)、 150 mg/ml
(高剂量) 。
2. 二硝酸异山梨酯: 将二硝酸异山梨酯 (5mg/颗)加水配制成 3.75 mg/ml, 使用前混合均匀。
3. 阿司匹林: 将阿司匹林 500mg加水配制成 1.66 mg/ml。
4. STA-2+二硝酸异山梨酯: 将 STA-2粉末、 二硝酸异山梨酯颗粒加 水配制成 STA-2 浓度 50 mg/ml (低剂量)及二硝酸异山梨酯浓度 3.75 mg/ml之混合药物。
5. STA-2+阿司匹林:将 STA-2粉末、阿司匹林颗粒加水配制成 STA-2 浓度 50 mg/ml及阿司匹林浓度 1.66 mg/ml之混合药物。
6.实验动物分成 7组,每组 4只,每天管喂一次,投药体积为 5ml/Kg。 组别与投药量
Figure imgf000009_0001
实验方法
1. 将上述表中的 7组大鼠依表中的投药量投予各种药物,连续投药 Ί 天。
2. 第 7天将上述 7组动物进行心脏左降支冠状动脉结扎一小时后再 供血试验。
( 1 )将动物以麻醉剂克他明 ( ketamine )和氨基甲酸乙酯 ( urethane ) 麻醉, 然后气管接上呼吸器。
(2 )将动物接上 EKG (心电图)仪器: 切开动物左侧胸腔, 打开心 包嚢, 记录心电图。
( 3 )将左降支冠状动脉以聚酯缝线 (3/0) 结扎。
(4) 以腹膜内注射 (IP) 方式投予管喂投药量的 1/3。
( 5 ) 结扎 1 个小时后将此缝线剪断, 让左降支冠状动脉再恢复供应 血液至心脏。
( 6)灌注 1小时后,从左心室抽取血液约 5cc后将心脏剪下进行切片。
3. 将心脏切成 5片, 于 37°C下用 TTC染色, 再用生理食盐水洗去染 剂, 再正反两面照相。
4. 以 Image pro 软件计算每片正反两面坏死面积及正反两面切片面 积。
5. 将左心室血液分离血清以检测其内之 NO、 LDH及 CPK含量。 检品分析
1. 心梗死面积计算: 将大鼠心脏从胸剪下后、 置于心脏切片台切成 5 块, 每块 2 mm厚。 将 5 块心脏切片以 2% TTC ( 2,3, 5-氯化三苯四唑 ( 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride ) ) 于37°〇染色 1分钟, 由于死细包 会拒染而成白色, 活细胞可染成红色。 将染色后的心脏切片, 以数码相机 正反两面照相,样品旁放一支标准量尺。将照相结果以电脑软件 image pro 分析计算每片心脏之梗死面积及总面积, 将五块心脏切片正反两面坏死面 积总和除以心脏正反两面全部面积总和再乘上 100即为心脏梗死百分率。
2. 血清的 CPK、 LDH、 NO含量测定: 从大鼠左心室取血后, 血液于 4°C离心, 将上层血清分装储存于 -20°C备用。 ( 1 ) CPK及 LDH: 以血清 生化仪测试; ( 2 ) NO以 Kit用分光光谱仪测试。 数据分析与统计
检品在血清中的 CPK及 LDH的含量以 unit/ml表示。 NO以 μΜ表示 含量。 心脏梗死以百分率表示。 数据以平均值(mean ) 士标准误差(SEM ) 表示之。
测试结果采用 sigma statis软件中 t-test来计算 P值,与空白对照组(水) 相比 PO.05表示有显著差异, 以 *表示之。 PO.01表示有非常显著差异, 以 **表示之。 PO.001表示极显著差异, 以 ***表示之。 与药物对照组(二 硝酸异山梨酯) 比较同上叙述, 而以 +符号代替 *符号。 实验结果
I. STA-2单独使用或与二硝酸异山梨酯、 或与阿司匹林合并使用对部 分缺血引起的心肌细胞梗死的治疗效果, 如表 1及图 1所示。 表 1 : 各组心梗死百分率比较表
组别 心梗死百分率 (%) 第 1组 (空白对照组: 水) 13.81 ± 1.2 第 2组 (二硝酸异山梨酯) 8.475 ± 0.93* 第 3组 (STA-2 (低剂量) ) 8.6 ± 2.7
第 4组 (STA-2 (高剂量) ) 11.801士 1.3 第 5组 ( STA-2 (低剂量) +二硝酸异山梨酯) 2.04士 0.59*** ++ 第 6组 (阿司匹林) 14.75 ± 2.8 第 7组 ( STA-2 (低剂量) +阿司匹林) 16.14 ± 1.7
与空白对照组比较, 以 *表示 PO.05 , 以 ***表示 PO.001 ; 与 照比较(二硝酸异山梨酯) , 以 ++表示 P<0.01。 表 1讨论:
( 1 )二硝酸异山梨酯单独使用与空白对照组相比 p<0.05 , 显示减少 心月几梗死面积之显著差异;
( 2 ) STA-2与二硝酸异山梨酯合并使用与空白对照组相比, ρθ.001 , 表示 STA-2与二硝酸异山梨酯合并使用,有极明显的减少心肌梗死面积之 作用;
( 3 ) STA-2 与二硝酸异山梨酯合并使用与二硝酸异山梨酯单独使用 相比, 达显著差异(ρ<0.01 ) , 表示 STA-2与二硝酸异山梨酯合并使用有 明显加强二硝酸异山梨酯抑制心肌梗死面积之效果,亦即 STA-2与二硝酸 异山梨酯合并使用有相辅相成的效果。
( 4 )另一方面, STA-2单独使用不论高剂量组或单独使用低剂量组, 其效果无统计上差异;阿司匹林单独使用以及 STA-2与阿司匹林合并使用 亦相同, 效果均未具统计上差异。
( 5 )值得注意的是本案实验设计是正常老鼠仅结扎 1 条冠状动脉, 保留另一条冠状动脉, 主要是让心部分缺血造成能量不足而引起心肌死亡 为目的。 此种动物状态处于稳定型心绞痛 (为冠状动脉狭窄)之长期缺血 状态而不是血管壁损害诱导血小板凝集成栓塞之情形(不稳定型心绞痛), 而造成缺血状态。 因此间接证明临床阿司匹林之使用, 是协助心绞痛药物 减少血小板引起之血管栓塞, 但对长时间缺血引起心肌死亡则一点帮助也 没有。 相同情形, 茶多酚虽然具有缺血(器官移植时) , 再供血(器官接 回个体)所引起自由基伤害细胞膜,所造成心肌内生化物质如 CPK和 LDH 等酶释放至血中的阻止作用。 但是茶多酚如同阿司匹林一样对长期缺血所 引起之心月几死亡并无任何帮助。 故如表 1及图 1所显示茶多酚必须合用减 少心脏做功之心绞痛治疗药物(如本实验之二硝酸异山梨酯化合物)才能 显示其治疗缺血造成心几死亡效果。
图 1为本实施例的第 1组、 第 2组及第 5组的抑制心 更死面积之相 对百分率的比较图。 图 2探讨:
( 1 )依据图 1 结果, 将空白对照组 (水)之心肌梗塞面积百分率设 定为 100%, 分别比较 STA-2与二硝酸异山梨酯合并使用 (第 5组) 、 二 硝酸异山梨酯单独使用 (第 2组)对于心肌梗塞之抑制效果。
( 2 )二硝酸异山梨酯单独使用对心肌梗塞的抑制效果减少 39%梗死 面积 (相对于未用药的空白对照组) 。
( 3 )STA-2与二硝酸异山梨酯合并使用对心肌梗塞的抑制效果是减少 85%面积 (相对于未用药的空白对照组) 。
( 4 )显示 STA-2 与二硝酸异山梨酯合并使用抑制心肌梗塞之作用效 果比单独使用二硝酸异山梨酯增强 4倍, 即合并使用药物加 STA2只造成 15%心肌梗死而单独使用药物则造成 61%心肌梗死。
II. STA-2单独使用或与二硝酸异山梨酯、阿司匹林合并使用对缺血引 起心肌死亡时的血清 CPK浓度的影响, 如表 2及图 3所示。 表 2: 各组血清 CPK含量比较表
Figure imgf000012_0001
与空白对照组(水) 比较, 以 *表示 PO.05 , 以 **表示 PO.01 , 以 *** 表示 P<0.001。 表 2/图 3的结果的探讨:
( 1 )由图 3可看出 STA-2低剂量与高剂量都有降低血清 CPK含量之 作用, 且与剂量成正比。
( 2 ) STA-2与阿司匹林合并使用 (第 7组) 与空白对照组 (水)相 比, 达显著差异 ( p<0.01 ) 。 III. STA-2单独使用或与二硝酸异山梨酯、 阿司匹林合并使用对缺血 引起心肌死亡时的血清 LDH浓度的影响, 如表 3及图 4所示。 表 3: 各组血清 LDH含量比较表
Figure imgf000013_0001
与空白对照组 (水) 比较, 以 *表示 Ρ<0.05 , 以 **表示 PO.01。 表 3/图 4的结果的探讨:
( 1 ) 由图 4可看出只有 STA-2高剂量(第 4组)与空白对照组(水) 相比, 可使 LDH含量降低。
( 2 ) STA-2 (低剂量)与二硝酸异山梨酯合并使用与空白对照组(水) 相比, 达显著差异 (ρ<0.01 ) 。
( 3 ) 由表 2 (图 3 )及表 3 (图 4 )显示细胞内一些生化酶(CPK及 LDH )被释放到血液中, 此现象源于心肌细胞膜受到伤害所引起, 此种伤 害造成可能是由大家所熟知(一)缺血再供血引起自由基产生所造成, 或 者可能是(二) 长期缺血状态所引起(但非自由基所引起) 。 此实验结果 (表 2及表 3 正实茶多酚具有如上述 US2006/0116333A1专利申请案(器 官移植 -再接回个体)所揭示的具有自由基拮抗作用。 但是此项结果无法 说明或推论出能对抗自由基作用就能阻此细胞死亡。 此二者并无关联性存 在, 于表一 (图 1 ) 就已经非常清楚说明。
IV. STA-2单独使用或与二硝酸异山梨酯、 阿司匹林合并使用对缺血 所引起心肌细胞损伤实验动物血清 NO浓度的影响, 如表 4及图 5所示。 表 4: 各组血清 NO含量比较表
Figure imgf000014_0001
与空白对照组 (水) 比较, 以 * * *表示 ΡΟ.001。 表 4/图 5的结果探讨:
( 1 ) 由图 5的 NO含量结果显示二硝酸异山梨酯减低心脏梗死作用 与产生 NO有关, 其作用机理是 NO减少心脏做功, 保持心脏更多之 ATP 能量。
( 2 ) STA-2单独使用并不产生 NO,但 STA-2与二硝酸异山梨酯合并 使用仍然有相当量之 NO产生。 因此合并使用仍优于二硝酸异山梨酯单独 使用 (第 2组) 的抑制心肌死亡效果, 除了 NO之作用外应该是 STA2具 备另外机制, 但与 NO并无关联。 STA2之协同作用机制此点仍需科学上 研究才能清楚。 实施例 2: 动物试验(心肌梗塞预防性实验)
本实施例之目的是验证实施例 1中的 STA-2萃取物与二硝酸异山梨酯 合并使用对心脏缺血所引起的心肌死亡是否有预防作用。 因此设计上省略 左降支冠状动脉被结扎后的腹膜内注射 (IP ) 方式投药的步骤外, 其余步 骤重复实施例 1的实验。
心梗死百分率及血清 NO含量的结果被示于表 5及表 6, 从其中可看 出本实施例与实施例 1具有一致的趋势。 本实施例的实验在结扎左降支冠 状动脉后, 不以 IP 方式投药茶多酚及二硝酸异山梨酯的目的在观察缺血 (心绞痛)前, 合并给药是否有预防心肌梗死减低, 实验结果与表 1及表
4的结果相同, 有助于预防心月几死亡。 因此茶多酚合并心绞痛药物确实对 动物心 ^^缺血所引发的心几死亡具有治疗及预防二种效果。 表 5: 各组心梗死百分率比较表
Figure imgf000015_0001
与空白对照组(水)比较, Ρ<0.05表示有显著差异,以 *表示之。 PO.01 表示有非常显著差异, 以 **表示之。 表 6: 各组血清 NO含量比较表
Figure imgf000015_0002
与空白对照组(水) 比较, PO.001表示有非常显著差异, 以 ***表示 之 实施例 3 : 人体临床试验
本实施例以含儿茶素化合物为主的茶叶萃取物 STA-2 合用二硝酸异 山梨酯为医药组合物进行治疗。 观察比对仅用二硝酸异山梨酯、 以及单独 使用 STA-2 , 对患者心绞痛发作次数减少、 症状减轻以及心电图改善的疗 效。
相关资料如下:
1. 试验分组设计
试验组 Α: 含儿茶素的茶叶萃取物 STA-2与二硝酸异山梨酯合并使用 对照组 Α: 二硝酸异山梨酯单独使用
试验组 Β: 含儿茶素的茶叶萃取物 STA-2单独使用
2. 纳入病例标准
因运动或其它增加心肌需氧量的情况所诱发的短暂胸痛发作 (心绞 痛)等主要症状之病程在一个月或一个月以上, 每周发作二次以上, 心电 图出现暂时性的 S-T段压低或 T波改变。
3. 病例资料
试验组 Α: 45人, 男性 30人、 女性 15人, 年龄 50-75岁。
对照组 Α: 45人, 男性 33人、 女性 12人, 年龄 52-78岁。
试验组 Β: 30人, 男性 12人、 女性 18人, 年龄 41-65岁。
4. 治疗方法
试验组 Α:二硝酸异山梨酯 10mg —天三次( tid ) +儿茶素( STA-2 ) 200mg tid疗程 8周。
对照组 A: 二硝酸异山梨酯 lOmg ( tid ) , 疗程 8周。
试验组 B: 儿茶素 ( STA-2 ) 200mg tid, 疗程 4周。
5. 疗效评定标准
显效:
心绞痛等主要症状消失, 心电图恢复至正常心电图。
有效:
心绞痛等主要症状减轻, 心电图改善达到以下标准: S-T段的降低以 治疗后回升 0.05mV以上, 但未达正常水平, 主要导联倒置 T波改变变浅 (达 25%以上者); 或 T波由平坦变入直立,房室或室内传导阻滞改善者。 无效:
心绞痛等主要症状无改善, 心电图与治疗前相同。
力口重:
心绞痛等主要症状较试验前加重。 心电图 S-T段较治疗前降 0.05mV 以上, 主要导联倒置 T波加深(达 25%以上)或直立 T波变平坦, 平坦 T 波变倒置, 以及出现异位心律、 房室传导阻滞或室内传导阻滞。
显效率 =显效例数÷总病例 X 100;
总有效率 = (显效例数 +有效例数 ) ÷总病例 X 100;
疗效判断: 若心绞痛等主要症状疗效与心电图疗效两者不一致时, 以疗效 低的结果为主。 6. 治疗结果
组别 例数 显效 有效 加重 无效 显效率( % ) 总有效率 (%) 试验组 A 45 21 19 0 5 46.7 88.9 对照组 A 45 16 15 0 14 35.6 68.9 试验组 B 30 6 11 0 13 20.0 56.7
试验组 A与对照组 A相比具有显著差异 PO.05

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种治疗及预防患者因心肌缺血所引起的不适的医药组合物,包含 治疗心绞痛药物合用有效量的儿茶素化合物 (catechins ) , 其中该心肌缺 血所引起的不适为心绞痛或心肌梗塞。
2. 如权利要求第 1项的医药组合物,其中该心肌缺血所引起的不适为 心绞痛。
3. 如权利要求第 1项的医药组合物,其中该心肌缺血所引起的不适为 心肌梗塞。
4. 如权利要求第 1项的医药组合物,其进一步包含一种治疗心绞痛的 药物。
5. 如权利要求第 4 项的医药组合物, 其中该治疗心绞痛的药物是硝 酸盐化合物( Nitrates )、 β受体拮抗剂( β-Blocker )或钙通道拮抗剂( Calcium antagonist ) 。
6. 如权利要求第 4 项的医药组合物, 其中该治疗心绞痛的药物为硝 酸盐或亚硝酸盐化合物。
7. 如权利要求第 6项的医药组合物, 其中该药物为亚硝酸戍酯( amyl nitrite ) , 四硝'酸赤藓醇酯( erythrityl tetranitrate ) , 三硝'酸甘油酯( glyceryl trinitrate ) , 六 肖酸盐 ( hexanitrate ) , 二 肖酸异山梨酷 ( isosorbide dinitrate ) 硝'酸甘油酯 ( nitroglycerine ) , 或四硝 '酸成四醇酯 ( pentaerythritol tetranitrate ) 。
8. 如权利要求第 7项的医药组合物, 其中该药物为二硝酸异山梨酯。
9.如权利要求第 1项的医药组合物,其进一步包含阿司匹林( Aspirin ), 及该不适为不稳定型心绞痛。
10. 如权利要求第 1至 9项中任一项所述的医药组合物, 其中该儿茶 素化合物被包含于一由茶叶萃取的茶多酚萃取物, 且该医药组合物包含该 茶多酚萃取物。
11. 如权利要求第 10项的医药组合物, 其中该茶多酚萃取物包含选 自下列群组的一种或多种儿茶素化合物: EGCG, ECG, EGC, EC, GCG, CG, GC及儿茶素 (catechin ) 所组成的群组。
12. 如权利要求第 11项的医药组合物, 其中所述的茶多酚萃取物含 有 80重量%以上的儿茶素化合物。
13. 如权利要求第 12项的医药组合物, 其中所述的茶多酚萃取物含 有不低于 98重量%的儿茶素化合物。
14. 如权利要求第 13项的医药组合物, 其中所述的茶多酚萃取物含 有 60重量%以上的 EGCG。
PCT/CN2009/000788 2009-07-10 2009-07-10 治疗或预防心肌缺血引起的心绞痛或心肌梗塞的药物组合物 WO2011003223A1 (zh)

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