WO2011002288A1 - Membrane, empilement de membranes destiné à être utilisé dans un procédé à électrode-membrane, dispositif et procédé à cet effet - Google Patents

Membrane, empilement de membranes destiné à être utilisé dans un procédé à électrode-membrane, dispositif et procédé à cet effet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011002288A1
WO2011002288A1 PCT/NL2010/050410 NL2010050410W WO2011002288A1 WO 2011002288 A1 WO2011002288 A1 WO 2011002288A1 NL 2010050410 W NL2010050410 W NL 2010050410W WO 2011002288 A1 WO2011002288 A1 WO 2011002288A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
membrane
membranes
channels
stack
fluid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2010/050410
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Joost Veerman
Sybrandus Jacob Metz
Original Assignee
Stichting Wetsus Centre Of Excellence For Sustainable Water Technology
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stichting Wetsus Centre Of Excellence For Sustainable Water Technology filed Critical Stichting Wetsus Centre Of Excellence For Sustainable Water Technology
Publication of WO2011002288A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011002288A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
    • B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
    • B01D61/50—Stacks of the plate-and-frame type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
    • B01D63/082—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes
    • B01D63/084—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes at least one flow duct intersecting the membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/10—Spiral-wound membrane modules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
    • H01M8/227—Dialytic cells or batteries; Reverse electrodialysis cells or batteries
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to membranes for use in an electrode-membrane process. These processes include electro-dialysis (ED) , reverse electro-dialysis (RED) , membrane capacitive-deionisation (CDI), fuel cells,
  • ED electro-dialysis
  • RED reverse electro-dialysis
  • CDI membrane capacitive-deionisation
  • MFC microbial fuel cells
  • redox flow batteries redox flow batteries
  • ion exchange membranes capable to transport cations or anions from one side of the membrane to the other.
  • fluids comprising ions that are subjected to a driving force to transfer through the membrane.
  • AEM anion exchange membrane
  • CEM cation exchange membrane
  • river water compartment wherein the water compartments comprise spacers giving stability and acting as a turbulence promoter
  • the ions in the seawater tend to diffuse through the membranes towards the river water.
  • the Na + ions diffuse through the CEM and Cl " ions diffuse through the AEM.
  • this ionic current is converted to an electrical current on the electrodes thereby generating energy.
  • resistances These resistances include resistances caused by the membranes, and the fluid compartment.
  • the resistances in the compartment include electrical resistances as well as hydrodynamic resistances.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the membranes for use in an electro-membrane process, thereby improving the overall efficiency of such process. This object is achieved with the membrane
  • the membrane comprising:
  • one or more fluid supply channels provided in or on at least one side of the membrane material
  • one or more fluid outlet channels provided in or on at least one side of the membrane material, wherein the fluid supply channels are connected to the fluid outlet channels through passage ways.
  • the functions of fluid supply and diffusion of ions is largely separated. In existing configurations these different functions are combined in the space between the membranes that is defined by the spacer.
  • the supply and outlet channels form the fluid supply part, while the passage ways define the reactor part. This enables providing relatively short fluid paths thereby minimising the hydrodynamic resistances associated with the fluid flow. This improves the overall efficiency of the electro-membrane process, and especially the RED process.
  • the membrane material comprises an anion exchanging membrane material or a cation exchanging membrane material.
  • the channels and/or passageways can be provided on one side of the membrane material. This enables the
  • the channels and/or passageways are provided on both sides of the membrane.
  • the efficiency of the compartments on both sides of the membrane can be improved.
  • the use of separate spacers is no longer required. This improves the assemblage of a stack of membranes according to the present invention. Furthermore, investment costs are minimised as less parts are required.
  • the number of gaskets can also be reduced, and, preferably, no gaskets are required at all. This further improves the assemblage of a membrane stack and further reduces investment costs.
  • the possibilities for recycling are provided on both sides of the membrane.
  • a further additional advantage of the membrane according to the present invention is that up scaling of the electro-membrane process comprising the membranes according to the present invention is possible without requiring a complete redesign of the process and/or without a
  • This advantage is mainly achieved by separating the functions of the supply part and the reactor part.
  • the passageways are constructed such that the passageways are the main exchange positions for exchange of ions from one side of the membrane to the other.
  • passageways In a presently preferred configuration of these passageways the passageways have a depth of the passage, in the direction substantially perpendicular to the membrane surface, significantly smaller as compared to the depth of the supply and outlet channels. This results in the
  • concentration is an increased transfer of ions through the membrane thereby improving the overall efficiency of the electro-membrane process, like a RED process.
  • these passageways have a larger width, in a direction substantially parallel to the membrane surface, as compared to the supply and outlet channels. This increases the area of the membrane with the concentrated diffusion of ions. This further increases the overall efficiency of the electro-membrane process .
  • the membrane material further comprises one or more distribution channels between the supply and/or outlet channels and the passageways.
  • a (higher order) distribution network is achieved in the membrane according to the present invention.
  • the provision of distribution channels results in a type of flexible network of channels, comparable to human lunges, for
  • the present invention also relates to a stack of membranes for use in an electro-membrane process, the stack comprising a number of membranes as described above, wherein between two adjacent membranes a first type of fluid
  • compartment is provided that forms a fluid couple with a second type of fluid compartment such that ions are
  • the channels are provided in the fluid compartments having the lowest ion concentration.
  • the river water compartment has the lowest ion concentration and thereby the highest
  • a membrane is provided having channels on both sides of the membrane and a membrane without having channels at all. This results in each
  • the stack of membranes further comprises loosening means for enabling cleaning of the stack.
  • cleaning includes the use of a back flush, i.e. providing a flow in the other direction. Especially in case the passageways have a smaller depth as compared to the supply channels, contamination and the like will concentrate at the entrance of the
  • An additional advantage of the loosening means is the possibility to maintain the operation of the electro- membrane process while cleaning. During cleaning the
  • the membranes are spiral-wounded.
  • Spiral-wounded membranes result in a relatively compact configuration of the stack of membranes according to the present invention. This improves the process output as function of the process volume.
  • the present invention further also relates to a device and a method for performing an electro-membrane process.
  • the method comprises the steps of:
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified RED membrane stack
  • FIG. 3 shows a side view of the membranes of figure 2;
  • figures 4A-D show embodiments of the membranes according to the invention.
  • a system 2 (figure 1) for a RED process, comprises a number of CEMs 4 and AEMs 6. Membranes 4, 6 are placed between anode 8 and cathode 10. Between the AEM 6 and CEM 4 electrolyte compartments 12 are formed. In the illustrated system 2 alternately sea water 14 and river water 16 flows through compartments 12. Due to the concentration differences of the electrolyte in the sea water 14 and the river water 16 electrolyte in the sea water 14 will be inclined to move to the river water 16 to level the
  • system 2 use is made of the Fe (II) /Fe (III) redox couple for transfer of electrons from and to the anode and cathode.
  • the catholyte is transferred to the anode with flow 22 and the anolyte is transferred to the cathode with flow 24.
  • This transfer can be arranged in a way known to the skilled person.
  • An AEM 26 and a CEM 28 are provided with channels according to the present invention.
  • the channels are provided on one side of the membrane only.
  • Membranes 26, 28 together form one RED cell, for example.
  • the flow of sea water 30 passes through an opening 44 in membrane 26 without entering membrane 26 and moves on to the next CEM.
  • a flow of river water 46 passes membrane 28 through opening 48 and enters membrane 26 through opening 50. From opening 50 the river water enters supply channels 52. Via passageways 54 the flow enters outlet channels 56.
  • the liquid leaves membrane 26 through opening 58 passes membrane 28 through opening 60 as a flow 62.
  • a stack of membranes 64 (figure 3) comprising AEMs 26 and CEMs 28 are, in the illustrated embodiment, on one side of the membrane provided with supply channels.
  • the membranes 26, 28 comprise supply channels 66 and outlet channels 68 that are connected by passageways 70. Fluid flows from supply channel 66 to outlet channels 68 via passageways 70 indicated with flow 72.
  • the current density 74 (II) is relatively small due to the long path of the current through the supply channel 66.
  • the ionic current 76 (12) is relatively large especially due to the small paths for this current in the river water compartment.
  • the current 78 (13) by the outlet channels 68 is relatively small. In this
  • membrane 78 In an embodiment of membrane 78 according to the invention (figure 4A) fluid enters membrane 78 via opening 80 and reaches supply channel 82.
  • Supply channel 82 In an embodiment of membrane 78 according to the invention (figure 4A) fluid enters membrane 78 via opening 80 and reaches supply channel 82.
  • the fluid passes passageways 84 and enters outlet channel 86 that transports the fluid to the exit opening 88. Openings 90, 92 are used to transport fluid to the adjacent membrane.
  • Openings 80, 88, 90, 92 have a depth equal to the thickness of membrane 78.
  • Supply channel 82 and outlet channel 86 are provided with a relatively large depth as compared to the depth of the reactor part or passageways 84.
  • a higher order membrane design results in an alternative membrane 94 (figure 4B) that comprises a fluid supply opening 96, supply channels 98, passageways 100, outlet channels 102 and exit openings 104. Also in this embodiment openings 106 and 108 enable transport of fluid to an adjacent membrane.
  • the supply channels 98 and outlet channels 102 are branched to achieve a network of channels and passageways.
  • the depth of the supply and outlet channels 98, 102 is about 80% of the thickness of membrane 94, while the depth of passageway 100 is about 20% of this thickness. For a thickness of membrane 94 of about 0.5 mm this would mean a channel depth for the passageway 100 of about 0.1 mm and for the other channels of about 0.4 mm.
  • the width of the channels in the illustrated embodiment is about 8 mm and for the passageways about 2 mm with the passageways 100 spaced 1 mm from each other.
  • the length of passageways 100 is about 15.6 mm and the diameter of openings 96, 104, 106, 108 is about 8 mm.
  • the total length of membrane 94 is 150 mm.
  • Membrane 109 is placed alternately with membrane 94 in a stack of membranes. Membrane 109 is provided with fluid through opening 108 and the fluid leaves membrane 109 through exit opening 106.
  • Membrane 110 comprises openings 114, 116, 118, 120, supply channels 122 with distribution channels 112, and outlet channels 124 with distribution channels 126.
  • Distribution channels 112, 126 are connected to passageways 128. This results in a branched network of channels in membrane 110. The use of such higher order network with distribution channels 112, 126 enables an efficient up scaling of the membrane.
  • membrane 130 (figure 4D) is similar to membrane 110 with the exception of the provision of additional inlet and outlet openings 114, 116.
  • This embodiment of membrane 130 is especially appropriate with increasing membrane dimensions such that the supply and outlet of the fluids can be effectuated more efficiently using the additional openings 114, 116.
  • the number of distribution channels and further branches thereof can be designed.
  • the present invention is by no means limited to the above described embodiments thereof.
  • the rights sought are defined by the following claims, within the scope of which many modifications can be envisaged.
  • the invention is illustrated for a RED process, it can also be applied to other electro-membrane processes including ED.
  • ED electro-membrane processes
  • the membranes according to the present invention can also be applied in an effective and efficient way to ED processes.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une membrane, sur un empilement de membranes destiné à être utilisé dans un procédé à électrode-membrane et sur un dispositif et un procédé associés. La membrane comprend : un matériau de membrane ; un ou plusieurs canaux d'introduction de fluide disposés dans ou sur au moins un côté du matériau de membrane ; un ou plusieurs canaux de sortie de fluide disposés dans ou sur au moins un côté du matériau de membrane, les canaux d'introduction de fluide étant reliés aux canaux de sortie de fluide par des passages.
PCT/NL2010/050410 2009-06-30 2010-06-30 Membrane, empilement de membranes destiné à être utilisé dans un procédé à électrode-membrane, dispositif et procédé à cet effet WO2011002288A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2003106 2009-06-30
NL2003106A NL2003106C2 (en) 2009-06-30 2009-06-30 Membrane, stack of membranes for use in an electrode-membrane process, and device and method therefore.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011002288A1 true WO2011002288A1 (fr) 2011-01-06

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WO (1) WO2011002288A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2019141835A (ja) * 2018-02-07 2019-08-29 パロ アルト リサーチ センター インコーポレイテッド 電気化学的液体乾燥剤再生システム
CN111229044A (zh) * 2018-11-29 2020-06-05 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种碟管式分离膜组件

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB769307A (en) * 1953-09-07 1957-03-06 Permutit Co Ltd Improvements in electro-dialytic cells for the treatment of liquids
US2799644A (en) * 1955-11-18 1957-07-16 Kollsman Paul Apparatus for transferring electrolytes from one solution into another
US2891900A (en) * 1957-10-22 1959-06-23 Kollsman Paul Tortuous path for prevention of polarization in electrodialysis
US3896015A (en) * 1968-07-24 1975-07-22 Ionics Method and apparatus for separating weakly ionizable substances from fluids containing the same
WO2005009596A1 (fr) * 2003-07-18 2005-02-03 Universität Stuttgart Systeme a membranes, dispositif d'electrodialyse et procede de dessalement electrodialytique continu
US20060016685A1 (en) * 2004-07-26 2006-01-26 Pionetics, Inc. Textured ion exchange membranes
WO2009116855A1 (fr) * 2008-03-18 2009-09-24 Redstack B.V. Membrane, cellule, dispositif et procédé pour une électrodialyse (inverse)

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB769307A (en) * 1953-09-07 1957-03-06 Permutit Co Ltd Improvements in electro-dialytic cells for the treatment of liquids
US2799644A (en) * 1955-11-18 1957-07-16 Kollsman Paul Apparatus for transferring electrolytes from one solution into another
US2891900A (en) * 1957-10-22 1959-06-23 Kollsman Paul Tortuous path for prevention of polarization in electrodialysis
US3896015A (en) * 1968-07-24 1975-07-22 Ionics Method and apparatus for separating weakly ionizable substances from fluids containing the same
WO2005009596A1 (fr) * 2003-07-18 2005-02-03 Universität Stuttgart Systeme a membranes, dispositif d'electrodialyse et procede de dessalement electrodialytique continu
US20060016685A1 (en) * 2004-07-26 2006-01-26 Pionetics, Inc. Textured ion exchange membranes
WO2009116855A1 (fr) * 2008-03-18 2009-09-24 Redstack B.V. Membrane, cellule, dispositif et procédé pour une électrodialyse (inverse)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2019141835A (ja) * 2018-02-07 2019-08-29 パロ アルト リサーチ センター インコーポレイテッド 電気化学的液体乾燥剤再生システム
JP7250544B2 (ja) 2018-02-07 2023-04-03 パロ アルト リサーチ センター インコーポレイテッド 電気化学的液体乾燥剤再生システム
TWI828651B (zh) * 2018-02-07 2024-01-11 美商帕洛阿爾托研究中心公司 電化學脫鹽系統
CN111229044A (zh) * 2018-11-29 2020-06-05 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种碟管式分离膜组件
CN111229044B (zh) * 2018-11-29 2021-07-27 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种碟管式分离膜组件

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Publication number Publication date
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