WO2011001006A1 - Antenne en hélice à résonance multiple - Google Patents

Antenne en hélice à résonance multiple Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011001006A1
WO2011001006A1 PCT/FI2009/050607 FI2009050607W WO2011001006A1 WO 2011001006 A1 WO2011001006 A1 WO 2011001006A1 FI 2009050607 W FI2009050607 W FI 2009050607W WO 2011001006 A1 WO2011001006 A1 WO 2011001006A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiators
radiator
antenna
antenna according
helix antenna
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2009/050607
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tuomo Haarakangas
Original Assignee
Elektrobit Wireless Communications Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elektrobit Wireless Communications Oy filed Critical Elektrobit Wireless Communications Oy
Priority to PCT/FI2009/050607 priority Critical patent/WO2011001006A1/fr
Priority to CA2765924A priority patent/CA2765924C/fr
Priority to GB1200632.6A priority patent/GB2485084B/en
Publication of WO2011001006A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011001006A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H01Q5/371—Branching current paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a helix antenna, which has at least two usable resonances, the antenna being especially aimed for the satellite connections of mobile devices.
  • the antenna of a mobile device has to naturally be relatively small-sized. This means in the case of the satellite communication demanding antenna design because of the long distance between the connection parties.
  • the different helical structures are most common. Beside a reasonable small size, also the circular polarization used generally in the satellite systems and a wide radiation beam are obtained by those structures.
  • a problem in the helix antennas is their small bandwidth especially when the helix is made to be small-sized.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 show dualband helix antennas for satellite connections, known from the publication US 6,653,987.
  • the antenna 100 in Fig. 1 comprises four radiating elements, or radiators 121 , 122, 123, 124 on the surface of a cylindrical dielectric support pipe 101.
  • the antenna is a so called quadrafilar.
  • the feed points of the radiators are located at the lower end of the structure in a circle at regular intervals, and each radiator forms about one turn on the way from the lower end to upper end of the structure.
  • the radiators are fed as phased: When the phase of the carrier in some radiator is marked 0°, the phases of the carriers of the radiators next in order are 90°, 180°, and 270°.
  • the phase differences are realized in a feed circuit FNW, to which the feed line FL of the whole antenna comes, and from which circuit the feed lines of the radiators start.
  • the feed circuit is typically implemented by the hybrids, which consist of quarter wave transmission lines.
  • a ground plane 110 perpendicular to the axis of the helixes, which plane functions as a reflector for improving the directivity of the radiation.
  • the outer conductors of the feed lines of the radiators are connected to the ground plane. Its diameter is about 30% of the radiation wavelength.
  • Each radiator of the antenna 100 is divided to two parts by a separate resonance circuit, as the resonance circuit 131 of the first radiator 121.
  • the antenna is made as a dualband one. They are of parallel type and the natural frequency of each of them is in the upper operating band of the antenna, in which case a resonance circuit 'cuts' the radiator in question at the fre- quencies of the upper operating band.
  • the electric length of the radiators is then at the frequencies of the upper operating band smaller than at the frequencies of the lower operating band. The lengths are naturally chosen so that the whole antenna has a resonance both in the specified lower and upper operating band.
  • each radiator forms about one turn on the way from the lower end to upper end of the structure, as in Fig. 1.
  • the antenna is made as a dualband one by means of the parallel resonance circuits, as the resonance circuit 231 of the first radiator 221.
  • the feed points of the radiators are in this case located at the upper end of the structure in a circle at regular intervals.
  • the feed lines of the radiators start also in this case from the feed circuit FNW realizing the phase shifts, and the lines are led to the upper end of the antenna within a relatively thin pipe 205, which is located at the axis of the support pipe 201. Because of the different feed method in respect of Fig. 1 , no ground plane is needed in the antenna 200 for improving the directivity.
  • the 'lower end' and 'upper end' of an antenna are defined in accordance with the direction of the radiation so that the helix axis from the lower end to the upper end is the middle direction of the radiation beam.
  • the feed 'from below' means that the feed points of the radiators are located at the lower end of the antenna and the feed 'from above' means that the feed points of the radiators are located at the upper end of the antenna.
  • the antenna in Fig. 1 is to be fed from below and the antenna in Fig. 2 is to be fed from above.
  • a disadvantage of the structures like in Figs. 1 and 2 is that a separate feed circuit is required in them for realizing the phase differences.
  • the dualband feature requires resonance circuits, which further increases the number of components and production stages.
  • the dualband feature or more generally two-resonance feature of a helix antenna can be implemented also in other ways.
  • an oc- tafilar helix antenna is known, in which four radiators resonate at a certain fre- quency and other four radiators at another frequency.
  • the latter radiators are parasitic and are interlaced with the former ones so that every second radiator belongs to one group of four radiators.
  • a disadvantage of the antenna is that its feed requires a phase shift circuit like in the case of Fig. 1.
  • impedance transformers have to be included in the feed circuit, because the impedance of the structure interlaced in accordance with the publication is low. In addition, the efficiency of the antenna remains relatively low.
  • An object of the invention is to alleviate the disadvantages associated with the prior art.
  • the helix antenna according to the invention is characterized in that which is specified in the independent claim 1. Some advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the other claims.
  • the basic idea of the invention is as follows:
  • the helix antenna is to be fed from above, and all its radiators are side by side on a same geometric cylindrical sur- face.
  • the antenna has at least two resonances. In the case of two-resonance every second radiator resonates at a lower frequency and the rest of the radiators at another, higher frequency, the frequency difference being based on the difference in the physical length of the radiators.
  • the exact length of the radiators is chosen for their optimum phasing.
  • One conductor of the feed line of the antenna is connected directly to one half of the radiators and the other conductor to the other half of the radiators, each half being consisted of the radiators which are side by side.
  • the invention has the advantage that no separate feed circuit for the phase shifts is required in an antenna with plurality of helix radiators. This is due to the posi- tioning of the radiators, the fine tuning of their length and that they are to be fed from above. Another advantage of the invention is that a multi-resonance structure is obtained without separate additional components. A further advantage of the invention is that the characteristic efficiency and good polarization and radiation pattern of the antenna type in question is obtained at each resonance frequency. The antenna structure is simple, in which case its production costs are relatively low.
  • Fig. 1 presents an example of the known two-resonance helix antenna
  • Fig. 2 presents another example of the known two-resonance helix antenna
  • Figs. 3a, b present an example of the two-resonance helix antenna according to the invention
  • Fig. 4 presents a second example of the two-resonance helix antenna according to the invention
  • Fig. 5 presents a third example of the two-resonance helix antenna according to the invention.
  • Fig. 6 presents an equivalent circuit of the matching circuit according to Fig. 5, Figs. 1 and 2 were already described in connection with the description of the prior art.
  • Fig. 3a shows an example of the helix antenna according to the invention.
  • the antenna 300 comprises eight helical radiators 321-328 side by side on a same geometric cylindrical surface, the antenna then being octafilar by type.
  • 'Side by side 1 means that the radiators start towards the same direction from a substantially same geometric plane perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical surface, or the antenna axis.
  • Each radiator is supported from its upper end to the antenna hub by a conductive arm, as the arm 336 of the sixth radiator 326.
  • the antenna hub is on the antenna axis at the upper end of the antenna.
  • Each arm functions as the feed conductor of one radiator at the same time, the antenna is then to be fed from above.
  • An arm and a radiator form in this example a rigid object so that the antenna is wholly air-insulated and has no dielectric support parts.
  • the radiators are open at their lower end, or tail end seen from the feed. In other words the tail ends are 'in air 1 .
  • the twist of the radiators is relatively small, about a quarter of one turn.
  • a lower one and upper one there occurs two radiator lengths.
  • the first 321 , third 323, fifth 525 and seventh 327 radiator in order form a group, in which the physical length of the radiators is greater than in the second group formed by the second 322, fourth 324, sixth 526 and eighth 328 radiator.
  • the longer radiators naturally resonate at the lower frequency and the shorter ones at the UP- per frequency. If the resonance frequencies are close to each other, the physical lengths of the radiators corresponding to them may in practice be interlaced.
  • the order of magnitude of the length of each radiator is a quarter of the wavelength, which corresponds to its use frequency.
  • the length could also be e.g. about three quarters of the wavelength.
  • Fig. 3b shows the antenna of Fig. 3a from above without the radiators.
  • the arms 331-338 of the radiators and the antenna hub are visible in it.
  • the feed line FL of the antenna has been drawn in the figure, which line in fact travels within the antenna structure in the middle of the radiators. It appears from the posi- tion of the arms that the radiators are in this case at regular intervals, that is in each pair of adjacent radiators the angle between the radiators is 45 degrees.
  • the angle between two radiators means the angle between the straight lines drawn from these radiators to the antenna axis in the plane of the cross section of the antenna.
  • One conductor 341 of the feed line FL is connected in said hub to the first 331 , second 332, third 333 and fourth 334 arm and through them to the corresponding radiators.
  • the other conductor 342 of the feed line is connected in the hub to the fifth 335, sixth 336, seventh 337 and eighth 338 arm and through them to the corresponding radiators.
  • the first, second, third and fourth radiator form then an ar- ray, which is galvanically isolated from the array formed by the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth radiator. These arrays are located on different sides of the geometric surface, which goes through the antenna axis and between the first and last radiator and between two opposite symmetrically located radiators.
  • the feed line is then connected directly to the radiating structure without any separate phase shift circuit.
  • the phasing of the radiators is implemented by means of their feed from above, their positioning and fine tuning of their length.
  • Fig 4 shows a modification of the antenna according to Figs. 3a and 3b from above without radiators.
  • the arms 431-438 of the radiators and the antenna hub are visible in it.
  • the difference in respect of the previous example is that now the radiators are not at regular intervals.
  • the four radiators corresponding to one resonance frequency are also in this case at 90 degrees intervals, at least nearly. Instead the other group of four radiators have been turned so that the angle ⁇ between e.g. the first and second radiator is substantially smaller than 45 degrees.
  • Fig. 5 shows a third example of the helix antenna according to the invention.
  • the antenna 500 comprises eight helical radiators 521-528 to be fed from above and being positioned side by side on a same geometric cylindrical surface, as in Fig. 3a.
  • the substantial difference in respect of Fig. 3a is that the radiators are now 'short-circuited 1 at their tail ends.
  • the short-circuit means here that the tail end of each radiator 522; 523 is connected to the tail end of the opposite radiator 526; 527.
  • the opposite radiators mean two radiators, between which there is an angle of 180 degrees.
  • the order of magnitude of the length of each radiator is a half of the wavelength, which corresponds to its use frequency.
  • the length could also be e.g. about the whole wavelength.
  • Fig. 5 shows a fourth example of the helix antenna according to the invention.
  • the antenna 600 is presented from above without radiators, for which reason only the arms of the radiators and the antenna hub are visible in it, as in Figs.
  • the antenna 600 comprises twelve radiators, and it has three usable resonances. Each third radiator 621 , 624, 627, 62A in order resonate at a first resonance fre- quency, next each third radiator 622, 625, 628, 62B resonate at a second resonance frequency and the rest of the radiators 623, 626, 629, 62C resonate at a third resonance frequency.
  • One conductor of the feed line of the antenna is connected to the array formed by the radiators 621-626 located side by side, and the other conductor of the feed line to another array formed by the radiators 627-62C located side by side.
  • the antenna can differ from what is presented in its structural details, such as the shape and location of the radiators.
  • the radiators for a resonance frequency of the antenna are not necessarily located precisely at 90 degrees inter-
  • RECTlFlED SHEET (RULE 91 ) vals from each other.
  • the antenna can be dimensioned so that its resonance frequencies are close to each other constituting one united, relatively wide operating band.
  • the antenna can be dimensioned also so that its resonance frequencies are relatively far from each other constituting at least two separate operating bands.
  • the material of the inner space of the antenna can be, except air, also partly or fully some dielectric material. The inventive idea can be applied in different ways within the limits defined by the independent claim 1.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une antenne en hélice destinée en particulier aux connexions par satellite de dispositifs mobiles. L'antenne (300) doit être alimentée par le dessus, et tous ses éléments rayonnants sont côte à côte sur une même surface cylindrique géométrique. L'antenne a au moins deux résonances. Dans le cas à deux résonances, chaque second élément rayonnant (321, 323, 325, 327) résonne à une fréquence inférieure et le reste des éléments rayonnants (322, 324, 326, 328) à une autre fréquence, plus élevée, la différence de fréquence étant basée sur la différence de longueur physique des éléments rayonnants. Un conducteur de la ligne d'alimentation de l'antenne est directement connecté à une moitié des éléments rayonnants et l'autre conducteur à la seconde moitié des éléments rayonnants. Aucun circuit d'alimentation séparé pour les déphasages n'est requis dans une antenne comprenant une pluralité d'éléments rayonnants en hélice, étant donné que la mise en phase peut être mise en œuvre par le positionnement des éléments rayonnants et le réglage fin de leur longueur. La structure d'antenne est simple, auquel cas ses coûts de production sont relativement bas.
PCT/FI2009/050607 2009-07-02 2009-07-02 Antenne en hélice à résonance multiple WO2011001006A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FI2009/050607 WO2011001006A1 (fr) 2009-07-02 2009-07-02 Antenne en hélice à résonance multiple
CA2765924A CA2765924C (fr) 2009-07-02 2009-07-02 Antenne en helice a resonance multiple
GB1200632.6A GB2485084B (en) 2009-07-02 2009-07-02 Multiresonance helix antenna

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FI2009/050607 WO2011001006A1 (fr) 2009-07-02 2009-07-02 Antenne en hélice à résonance multiple

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011001006A1 true WO2011001006A1 (fr) 2011-01-06

Family

ID=43410533

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI2009/050607 WO2011001006A1 (fr) 2009-07-02 2009-07-02 Antenne en hélice à résonance multiple

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CA (1) CA2765924C (fr)
GB (1) GB2485084B (fr)
WO (1) WO2011001006A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018167353A1 (fr) * 2017-03-17 2018-09-20 Bittium Wireless Oy Antenne hélicoïdale quadrifilaire pour la communication dans une pluralité de bandes de fréquences différentes
US10700430B1 (en) 2016-12-04 2020-06-30 Maxtena, Inc. Parasitic multifilar multiband antenna

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113193340B (zh) * 2021-04-09 2022-07-19 中国民航大学 基于fpc柔性材料的北斗轻小型多臂测量型天线

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5138331A (en) * 1990-10-17 1992-08-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Broadband quadrifilar phased array helix
US5349365A (en) * 1991-10-21 1994-09-20 Ow Steven G Quadrifilar helix antenna
US5828348A (en) * 1995-09-22 1998-10-27 Qualcomm Incorporated Dual-band octafilar helix antenna
WO1999033146A1 (fr) * 1997-12-19 1999-07-01 Saab Ericsson Space Ab Antenne helicoidale quadrifilaire a bifrequence
US5963180A (en) * 1996-03-29 1999-10-05 Symmetricom, Inc. Antenna system for radio signals in at least two spaced-apart frequency bands
US6653987B1 (en) * 2002-06-18 2003-11-25 The Mitre Corporation Dual-band quadrifilar helix antenna
US20040008153A1 (en) * 2002-07-12 2004-01-15 David Lamensdorf Single and dual-band patch/helix antenna arrays

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4008479A (en) * 1975-11-03 1977-02-15 Chu Associates, Inc. Dual-frequency circularly polarized spiral antenna for satellite navigation
JP2586675B2 (ja) * 1990-02-27 1997-03-05 国際電信電話株式会社 ４線巻ヘリカルアンテナ
GB9912441D0 (en) * 1999-05-27 1999-07-28 Symmetricon Inc An antenna
US7372427B2 (en) * 2003-03-28 2008-05-13 Sarentel Limited Dielectrically-loaded antenna

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5138331A (en) * 1990-10-17 1992-08-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Broadband quadrifilar phased array helix
US5349365A (en) * 1991-10-21 1994-09-20 Ow Steven G Quadrifilar helix antenna
US5828348A (en) * 1995-09-22 1998-10-27 Qualcomm Incorporated Dual-band octafilar helix antenna
US5963180A (en) * 1996-03-29 1999-10-05 Symmetricom, Inc. Antenna system for radio signals in at least two spaced-apart frequency bands
WO1999033146A1 (fr) * 1997-12-19 1999-07-01 Saab Ericsson Space Ab Antenne helicoidale quadrifilaire a bifrequence
US6653987B1 (en) * 2002-06-18 2003-11-25 The Mitre Corporation Dual-band quadrifilar helix antenna
US20040008153A1 (en) * 2002-07-12 2004-01-15 David Lamensdorf Single and dual-band patch/helix antenna arrays

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10700430B1 (en) 2016-12-04 2020-06-30 Maxtena, Inc. Parasitic multifilar multiband antenna
WO2018167353A1 (fr) * 2017-03-17 2018-09-20 Bittium Wireless Oy Antenne hélicoïdale quadrifilaire pour la communication dans une pluralité de bandes de fréquences différentes
GB2574999A (en) * 2017-03-17 2019-12-25 Bittium Wireless Oy Quadrifilar helical antenna for communicating in a plurality of different frequency bands
US10978804B2 (en) 2017-03-17 2021-04-13 Bittium Wireless Oy Quadrifilar helical antenna for communicating in a plurality of different frequency bands

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2765924C (fr) 2016-02-16
GB201200632D0 (en) 2012-02-29
CA2765924A1 (fr) 2011-01-06
GB2485084B (en) 2014-10-01
GB2485084A (en) 2012-05-02

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