WO2011000134A1 - 利用振动波形检测变压器绕组状态的方法 - Google Patents

利用振动波形检测变压器绕组状态的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011000134A1
WO2011000134A1 PCT/CN2009/000812 CN2009000812W WO2011000134A1 WO 2011000134 A1 WO2011000134 A1 WO 2011000134A1 CN 2009000812 W CN2009000812 W CN 2009000812W WO 2011000134 A1 WO2011000134 A1 WO 2011000134A1
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Prior art keywords
transformer
vibration
short
transformer winding
winding
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PCT/CN2009/000812
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姜益民
金之俭
朱子述
饶柱石
傅坚
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上海市电力公司
上海交通大学
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Application filed by 上海市电力公司, 上海交通大学 filed Critical 上海市电力公司
Publication of WO2011000134A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011000134A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/62Testing of transformers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting the state of a transformer winding by using a vibration waveform, in particular to a method for detecting the state of a transformer winding by using a vibration waveform excited by a short-circuit surge current of a transformer.
  • Transformers are one of the most important devices in a power system, and the stability of their operation has a major impact on the safety of the power system.
  • the capacity of China's power grid increases, the short-circuit capacity also increases.
  • the large electromagnetic force generated by the inrush current formed by the short-circuit of the transformer outlet poses a serious threat to the mechanical strength and dynamic stability of the transformer winding.
  • the operating environment of substation equipment and lines is always not optimistic.
  • the deformation caused by external short-circuit caused by the impact of the transformer winding is a common fault in the operation of the transformer, which poses a great threat to the safe operation of the system.
  • the winding may first be loose or slightly deformed.
  • the transformer winding deformation has a cumulative effect. If it is not found and repaired in time for looseness or deformation, then the transformer is loosened and accumulated. To a certain extent, the short-circuit resistance of the transformer is greatly reduced, and a large accident can also be caused by a small inrush current.
  • the deformation of the winding will lead to a decrease in the mechanical short-circuit current resistance, and on the other hand, the local insulation distance of the coil will change, causing local weak points of insulation.
  • the winding may have a cake.
  • Inter- or inter-turn short circuit causes transformer insulation breakdown accident, or partial discharge due to local field strength increase, the insulation damage will gradually expand, eventually leading to
  • the short-circuit impedance of the transformer is the equivalent impedance inside the transformer when the load impedance is zero.
  • the short-circuit impedance is the vector sum of the leakage reactance and the resistance of the transformer winding. Since the DC resistance of the transformer is small relative to the leakage reactance, the short-circuit impedance of the transformer is reflected.
  • the short-circuit impedance of the transformer it is possible to indirectly reflect whether or not deformation has occurred inside the transformer winding.
  • the measured short-circuit impedance value is compared with the original record to determine whether the winding is deformed, if the short-circuit impedance value The change is large. For example, if the change is set to more than 3% in the national standard, it can be confirmed that the winding has significant deformation.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the short-circuit impedance method.
  • the low-voltage side of the transformer is short-circuited, and the high-voltage side is applied with a test voltage by a voltage regulator.
  • the corresponding short-circuit voltage U and short-circuit current I are measured.
  • the short-circuit impedance of the transformer is calculated by Z 2 U/I.
  • the transformer in the short-circuit impedance test, the transformer is required to measure the short-circuit 'impedance of each phase, and compare the measured short-circuit impedance value with the previous test data. According to the degree of change, the judgment is One of the important basis for testing whether the transformer winding is qualified.
  • the short-circuit impedance method has established standards in long-term production practice, and the criteria are clear.
  • the criteria for the degree of coil deformation are clearly given in IEC60076-5 and GB1095-85.
  • the sensitivity of this method is very low, and the detection rate of the fault is low. Only when the overall deformation of the coil is severe, can it be more clearly reflected.
  • frequency response method Frequency Response Analysis
  • the basic principle of the frequency response method is to regard the transformer winding as a distributed parameter network. It consists of a distributed linear dual-port network consisting of ground capacitance (longitudinal capacitance, inductance L, etc.). The characteristics of the network can be in the frequency domain. Described by the transfer function H 'W).
  • the frequency response test first applies a stable sinusoidal sweep frequency signal ⁇ : to one end of the tested transformer winding, and then simultaneously records the voltage on the port and other output ports to obtain a set of frequency response characteristics of the tested winding.
  • the test sensitivity of the frequency response method is higher than that of the short-circuit impedance method.
  • due to the complexity of the frequency response waveform it takes more experience to judge the winding condition, and it is difficult to form a clear quantitative criterion. Therefore, no discriminant criterion has been formed so far.
  • the above two methods are the most commonly used to determine the transformer winding condition. Both methods are based on the electrical measurement method. The starting point is to make the measurement and determination according to the change of the corresponding component electrical parameters in the model under the condition that the transformer winding is obviously deformed. This is more suitable for the obvious deformation of the transformer winding, but slight deformation of the winding, especially for the relatively loose and distorted state of the transformer winding can not give a clear judgment, because these cases are reflected in the equivalent
  • the electrical parameters in the circuit model are almost unchanged, and the change in the transfer function is very small. However, the loose or distorted deformation of the transformer has a great influence on its short-circuit resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to have a more sensitive method to judge the condition of the winding. At the same time, these two methods are offline detection methods, that is, the transformer needs to be powered off and run out for detection, which will have certain impact on the system operation. Disclosure of invention
  • the invention provides a vibration waveform detecting transformer excited by a transformer short-circuit impulse current
  • the winding state method regards the transformer winding as a mechanical system. If the winding is loose and deformed, its mechanical characteristics will change. By detecting the mechanical corresponding characteristics of the transformer winding under the impact current, the transformer can be detected more sensitively. Loose and deformed windings.
  • the present invention provides a method for detecting a transformer winding state by using a vibration waveform excited by a transformer short-circuit surge current, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Set the vibration sensor to the housing of the transformer under test
  • Step 2 When the transformer fails, the vibration sensor measures the vibration response signal of the tested transformer winding under the short-circuit inrush current, and transmits the measured signal to the vibration signal collector through the circuit;
  • Step 3 The vibration signal collector is triggered by the short-circuit surge current generated when the transformer is faulty, and the signal collected by the vibration sensor is collected, the anti-aliasing digital filtering and the cache are synchronously completed, and the vibration response signal data obtained after the processing is processed. Transmission to the data analysis module through the high-speed bus; Step 4, the data analysis module performs vibration waveform shape analysis on the received data, and determines the state of the transformer winding according to the shape change of the waveform;
  • the shock vibration waveform tends to converge.
  • the dynamic stability of the winding state tends to deteriorate, when the loose or deformation occurs, the shock vibration waveform tends to diverge. In this case, it is necessary to deal with it in time to avoid A major failure has occurred.
  • the sampling frequency and the sampling length of the vibration signal collector can be adjusted and controlled by the data analysis module
  • the invention provides a method for detecting the winding state of a transformer by using a vibration waveform excited by a short-circuit surge current of a transformer, and can effectively detect the looseness and deformation of the transformer winding by analyzing the shape of the vibration waveform under the short-circuit impact state of the transformer winding.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of measurement by a short-circuit impedance method
  • Figure 2 is an equivalent dual port network of the transformer winding in the frequency response method
  • FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram of a vibration waveform when a transformer winding is in a stable state in a specific embodiment of the present invention
  • the low-voltage winding is short-circuited, and the high-voltage phase windings are loaded with power supply.
  • Three short-circuit impacts are applied to each winding.
  • the short-circuit impedance is detected after power failure, and the vibration signal during each short-circuit shock state is recorded.
  • the three test waveforms are relatively stable, the waveform is flat and convergent (see Figure 3), the B-phase test is three times, the peak value of the test vibration waveform is continuously increased, and the short-circuit impedance change of the second test is 0.63%.
  • the third impact test the test article was damaged and the short-circuit impedance was changed by 3.3%.
  • the vibration waveform of the second short-circuit impact test (see Figure 4) is divergent, showing that the winding state changes significantly, which is significantly different from the intact A-phase waveform.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)

Description

利用振动波形检测变压器绕组状态的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用振动波形检测变压器绕组状态的方法, 尤其涉及一 种利用变压器短路冲击电流激发的振动波形检测变压器绕组状态的方法。 背景技术
变压器是电力系统中最重要的设备之一, 其运行的稳定性对电力系统安 全影响重大。 随着我国电网容量的日益增大, 短路容量亦随之不断增大, 变 压器出口短路形成的冲击电流产生的巨大电磁作用力对变压器绕组的机械强 度和动稳定性构成了严重的威胁。 目前变电站设备及线路的运行环境始终不 容乐观, 因外部短路造成变压器绕组受冲击而引发的变形, 是变压器运行过 程中较为常见的故障, 其对系统的安全运行造成了很大的威胁。
变压器发生突然短路故障时, 在变压器绕组内流过很大的短路电流, 该 短路电流在漏磁场的作用下, 在绕组上产生很大的电动力。 尽管这种暂态持 续时间很短, 但是变压器还是有可能遭到损坏。
变压器遭受突发短路后, 其绕组可能首先发生松动或轻微变形, 通过大 量的实验研究分析变压器绕组变形具有累积效应, 如果对于松动或变形不能 及时发现和修复, 那么在变压器的松动^^变形累积到一定程度后会使变压器 的抗短路能力大幅下降而在遭受较小的冲击电流下也会引发大的事故发生。
变压器在受到冲击短路电流时除了会发生松动和变形外, 在铁芯的磁致 伸缩与运行电流的长期作用下变压器本身在运行时也会出现复杂的机械振 动, 这些因素结合起来也会使绕组发生渐进性的变形、 松散失稳现象, 从而 导致变压器的抗短路能力下降而使得变压器存在潜在的事故隐患。
绕组的变形一方面会导致机械抗短路电流冲击能力的下降, 另一方面也 会导致线圈内部局部绝缘距离发生变化, 使局部出现绝缘薄弱点, 当遇到过 电压作用时, 绕组有可能发生饼间或匝间短路导致变压器绝缘击穿事故, 或 者由于局部场强增大而引起局部放电, 绝缘损伤部位会逐渐扩大, 最终导致
确 认 本 变压器发生绝缘击穿事故而引发进一步的事态扩大。
因此, 在运行过程中当变压器经历了外部短路事故后或运行一段时间后 的常规检修中, 如何有效地检测出变压器绕组是否存在松动和变形, 从而判 断变压器是否需要检修处理显得十分重要, 是保障变压器安全运行的一个重 要手段, 因此变压器绕组变形的检测是目前变压器常规试验项目之一。 目前实际应用的对变压器绕组状态的检测方法主要有以下 2种:
1、 短路阻抗法:
变压器短路阻抗是当负载阻抗为零时变压器内部的等效阻抗, 短路阻抗 是变压器绕组的漏抗和电阻的矢量和, 由于变压器直流电阻相对于漏抗数值 很小, 因此变压器的短路阻抗反映的主要是变压器绕组的漏抗。 由变压器的 理论分析可知, 变压器漏抗值是由绕组的几何尺寸所决定的, 或者说是由绕 组的结构决定的, 一旦变压器绕组发生变形, 从理论上来说变压器的漏抗相 应也会发生变化, 因此通过对变压器短路阻抗的检测可以间接地反映变压器 绕组内部是否发生了变形。 . 一般情况下, 运行中的变压器受到了短路电流的冲击后, 或在定期常规 检查时要将测得的短路阻抗值与原有的记录进行比较来判断绕组是否发生了 变形, 如果短路阻抗值变化较大, 例如国标中设定为变化超过 3%, 则可确认 绕组有显着变形。
图 1为短路阻抗法的测量示意图,将变压器低压侧短路,高压侧通过调压 器施加试验电压, 测量对应的短路电压 U和短路电流 I, 变压器的短路阻抗由 Z二 U/I计算得到。
按照有关标准规定, 变压器在短路阻抗测试试验中, 要求测量每一相的 短路'阻抗, 并把试验后所测量的短路阻抗值与以往试验的数据加以比较, 根 据其变化的程度, 作为判断被试变压器绕组是否合格的重要依据之一。
从实际应用情况来看, 短路阻抗法在长期的生产实践中已建立了标准, 判据较为明确,在 IEC60076- 5和 GB1095- 85 中均明确给出了线圈变形程度 的判据。 但很多情况下这种方法的灵敏度很低, 故障的检出率较低, 只有在 线圈整体变形情况较为严重时才能够得到较明确的反映。
2、 频响法 (FRA法, Frequency Response Analysis): 频响法的基本原理是将变压器绕组视为一个分布参数网络, 它由对地电 容(、 纵向电容 、 电感 L等分布参数构成一无源线性双端口网络, 该网络的 特性在频域上可以用传递函数 H 'W)来描述。
绕组发生局部机械变形后, 其内部的分布电感 L、纵向电容 K和对地电容 C等分布参数会发生相应的变化,从而在网络的传递函数 HC/ω)上得到反映。 因此分析变压器绕组的网络传递函数曲线的变化情况就可以分析内部的网络 电参数是否发生变化, 从而推断相应的机械结构是否发生了变形, 这是频响 法测试变压器绕组变形的依据和基础,如图 2所示,为变压器绕组的等效双口 网络。
频响法测试首先将一稳定的正弦扫频电压信号^:施加到被试变压器绕组 的一端, 然后同时记录该端口 和其它输出端口上的电压 ,从而得到该被 试绕组的一组频响特性曲线, 艮 13 :
频响法的测试灵敏度较短路阻抗法高, 但由于其频响波形的复杂性, 对 绕组状况的判别需要较多的经验, 较难形成明确的定量判据, 因此至今没有 形成判别标准。
上述两种方法是目前判别变压器绕组状况最常用的, 两种方法都是基于 电测方法, 出发点都是根据变压器绕组发生明显变形的状况下模型中对应的 组件电参数发生变化来进行测量判别, 这对变压器绕组发生较明显的变形情 况较为适宜, 但对绕组发生轻微变形, 尤其是对变压器绕组存在的相对松动 和扭曲变形的状态不能给出较明确的判断, 因为这些情况下反映在等效电路 模型中的电参数几乎没有变化, 其传递函数的变化也就非常小。 然而变压器 绕组松动或扭曲变形对其抗短路能力有很大的影响, 因此研究绕组的状况需 有灵敏度更高的方法来进行判别。 同时这两种方法都是离线检测方法, 即需 要将变压器停电退出运行进行检测, 对系统运行会造成一定的影响。 发明的公开
本发明提供的一种利用变压器短路冲击电流激发的振动波形检测变压器 绕组状态的方法,将变压器绕组视为一个机械系统,若绕组发生松动和变形, 其机械特性将会发生变化, 通过检测变压器绕组在冲击电流作用下的机械相 应特征, 能够更为灵敏地检测变压器绕组的松动和变形。
为了达到上述目的, 本发明提供了一种利用变压器短路冲击电流激发的 振动波形检测变压器绕组状态的方法, 包含以下步骤:
步骤 1、 将振动传感器设置到被测变压器的壳体上;
步骤 2、 当变压器发生故障时, 振动传感器测量被测变压器绕组在短路 冲击电流作用下的振动响应信号, 并将测得的信号通过电路传输至振动信号 采集器;
步骤 3、 振动信号采集器被变压器发生故障时产生的短路冲击电流所触 发, 同步完成对振动传感器测得的信号进行采集、 抗混迭数字滤波以及高速 缓存,将处理后得到的振动响应信号数据通过高速总线传输至数据分析模块; 步骤 4、 数据分析模块对接收到的数据进行振动波形形态分析, 根据波 形的形态变化来判断变压器绕组的状态;
当变压器绕组状态的动稳定状态良好时, 冲击振动波形趋于收敛, 当绕 组状态的动稳定性趋于恶化, 发生松动或变形时, 冲击振动波形趋于发散, 此时需及时进行处理, 避免形成重大故障。
所述的振动信号采集器的采样频率和采样长度可通过所述的数据分析模 块控制调整;
本发明提供的一种利用变压器短路冲击电流激发的振动波形检测变压器 绕组状态的方法, 通过分析变压器绕组短路冲击状态下的振动波形形态, 能 有效地、高灵敏度地检测出变压器绕组的松动和变形状况,及时检修或更换, 避免因绕组结构损坏而导致变压器发生突然短路的故障。 附图的简要说明
图 1是短路阻抗法的测量示意图;
图 2是频响法中变压器绕组的等效双口网络;
图 3是本发明具体实施例中变压器绕组动稳定状态良好时的振动波形形 态;
图 4是本发明具体实施例中变压器绕组动稳定状态趋于恶化时的振动波 形形态。 实现本发明的最佳方式
以下根据图 3和图 4, 说明本发明的具体实施例:
2006年 11月 17日沈阳虎石台国家变压器质量检测中心对上海市电力公 司某 10kV配电变压器进行短路冲击试验。
试验中低压绕组短路, 高压各相绕组加载电源, 对每个绕组进行三次短 路冲击, 每次短路试验后停电进行短路阻抗检测, 同时记录每次短路冲击状 态过程中的振动信号。
从 A相冲击试验来看,三次试验波形均较为稳定,波形平缓呈收敛状(见 图 3), B相试验三次, 试验振动波形峰值不断增大, 第二次试验短路阻抗变 化为 0.63%, 第三次冲击试验中, 试验品损坏, 短路阻抗变化 3.3%。
第二次短路冲击试验振动波形(见图 4) 呈发散状, 显示绕组状态发生 明显变化, 与完好的 A相波形比较有明显差别。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种利用振动波形检测变压器绕组状态的方法,其特征在于,包含以下步 骤:
步骤 1、 将振动传感器设置到被测变压器的壳体上;
步骤 2、当变压器发生故障时,振动传感器测量被测变压器绕组在短 路冲击电流作用下的振动响应信号, 并将测得的信号通过电路传输至振 动信号采集器;
步骤 3、振动信号采集器被变压器发生故障时产生的短路冲击电流所 触发, 同步完成对振动传感器测得的信号进行采集、 抗混迭数字滤波以 及高速缓存, 将处理后得到的振动响应信号数据通过高速总线传输至数 据分析模块;
步骤 4、数据分析模块对接收到的数据进行振动波形形态分析,根据 波形的形态变化来判断变压器绕组的状态;
当变压器绕组状态的动稳定状态良好时, 冲击振动波形趋于收敛, 当绕组状态的动稳定性趋于恶化, 发生松动或变形时, 冲击振动波形趋 于发散, 此时需及时进行处理, 避免形成重大故障。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的利用振动波形检测变压器绕组状态的方法,其特征在 于,所述的振动信号采集器的采样频率和采样长度可通过所述的数据分析 模块控制调整。
PCT/CN2009/000812 2009-06-30 2009-07-21 利用振动波形检测变压器绕组状态的方法 WO2011000134A1 (zh)

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