WO2010146926A1 - 接続路 - Google Patents
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- WO2010146926A1 WO2010146926A1 PCT/JP2010/056644 JP2010056644W WO2010146926A1 WO 2010146926 A1 WO2010146926 A1 WO 2010146926A1 JP 2010056644 W JP2010056644 W JP 2010056644W WO 2010146926 A1 WO2010146926 A1 WO 2010146926A1
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- silicon layer
- shaped portion
- connection path
- rib
- optical
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 195
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 65
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12004—Combinations of two or more optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/015—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements having potential barriers, e.g. having a PN or PIN junction
- G02F1/025—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements having potential barriers, e.g. having a PN or PIN junction in an optical waveguide structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
- G02F1/225—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure
- G02F1/2257—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure the optical waveguides being made of semiconducting material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
- G02B2006/12097—Ridge, rib or the like
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12166—Manufacturing methods
- G02B2006/12195—Tapering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/06—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 integrated waveguide
- G02F2201/063—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 integrated waveguide ridge; rib; strip loaded
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/12—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/10—Materials and properties semiconductor
- G02F2202/104—Materials and properties semiconductor poly-Si
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a connection path for connecting an optical waveguide and an optical device.
- Information and communication networks represented by the Internet are spread all over the world as an indispensable infrastructure for people's lives.
- Silicon-based optical communication devices that can use the 1.3 ⁇ m band and 1.55 ⁇ m band in the optical fiber communication wavelength band use optical technology elements and electronic circuits by using CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology. It is a very promising device that can be integrated on a silicon platform.
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- One method of dealing with information communication network traffic that increases year by year is to increase the information transmission rate per channel.
- an optical modulator that converts a signal from an LSI (Large Scale Integration) circuit that handles information processing in an optical communication device to an optical signal at high speed is important. Therefore, it is desired to realize such an optical modulator on a silicon platform.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes an optical modulator using a pn (positive-negative) junction that operates by applying a reverse bias voltage.
- MOS Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a related technology of a silicon-based optical modulator that is one of optical devices and uses a waveguide formed on an SOI (Silicon on Insulator) substrate (see Non-Patent Document 1). .
- SOI Silicon on Insulator
- an oxide layer 25 and a doped p-doped silicon layer 23 are sequentially laminated to constitute an SOI substrate.
- an inverted-rib-shaped n-doped silicon layer 21 is deposited, and one side of the n-doped silicon layer 21 is highly doped.
- An n + doped silicon layer 20 is located.
- a p + doped silicon layer 22 that is highly doped is formed.
- An electrode 27 is connected to the n + doped silicon layer 20 and the p + doped silicon layer 22. The entire optical modulator is covered with the oxide layer 25.
- a waveguide is formed by the rib-shaped portion 23 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 23 and the reverse rib-shaped portion 21 ′ of the n-doped silicon layer 21.
- a reverse bias voltage By applying a reverse bias voltage to the electrode 27, light is transmitted within the waveguide. Modulation is performed.
- the optical modulator is composed of a pn junction as described above or a MOS capacitor
- the structure of the waveguide of the optical modulator and the optical The structure of the waveguide of the waveguide is different.
- Such a sudden change in the shape of the waveguide at the connecting portion of both waveguides having different structures causes light reflection, resulting in light coupling loss at the coupling portion between the optical waveguide and the optical modulator. End up.
- This coupling loss may decrease the optical modulation efficiency of the optical modulator in addition to an increase in the insertion loss of light into the optical modulator. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a connection path that reduces the coupling loss between the optical modulator and the optical waveguide.
- a single tip is provided for each of the input portion and the output portion of each layer of silicon (Si) stacked in two stages.
- a pointed taper any one of input increase taper, output decrease taper, input decrease taper, and output increase taper
- the optical loss at the connection between the optical waveguide and the optical modulator is reduced. Yes.
- connection path of the silicon (Si) layers stacked in two stages as shown in FIG. 29 and FIG. 30 of Patent Document 1. That is, coupling loss occurs due to the fact that the taper tip of the Si layer formed in the connection path has a certain width. Furthermore, there is a problem in that coupling loss increases due to misalignment due to manufacturing errors of upper Si and lower Si in the connection path.
- FIG. 2A to FIG. 3 are examples of the related art, and are schematic views of the vicinity of the connection path when the optical waveguide and the connection path are connected.
- FIG. 2A is a connection path side of the optical waveguide at the position AA ′ in FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of a cross section of the connection path at the position AA ′ in FIG. 3, and
- FIG. 3 is a top view when the optical waveguide and the connection path are connected.
- the optical waveguide shown in FIG. 1 as one of the optical devices is connected below the position AA ′ in FIG. 3 and above the position BB ′, but the optical modulator is not shown. Further, the oxide layer 25 is omitted from the illustration.
- the optical waveguide includes an SOI substrate formed of a substrate 24, an oxide layer 25, and a doped p-doped silicon layer 23.
- the p-doped silicon layer 23 is a waveguide. And a rib-shaped portion 23 ′.
- the end portion of the connection path on the side of the optical waveguide is provided with an SOI substrate similarly to the optical waveguide shown in FIG. 2A, and has a rib-shaped portion 23 ′ formed in the p-doped silicon layer 23.
- a polycrystalline silicon layer 26 is provided above the rib-shaped portion 23 '.
- the polycrystalline silicon 26 has a taper shape on the rib-shaped portion 23 ′ made of p-doped silicon 23, and the tip of the taper of the polycrystalline silicon 26 is located at the position AA ′. Yes.
- the tip of the taper of the polycrystalline silicon layer 26 has a wide width to some extent. Theoretically, no optical loss occurs when the tip of the taper is sharp at the atomic level, but in practice there is a limit to making the tip of the taper thinner. Therefore, the shape of the waveguide changes abruptly by the width of the tip of the taper, light is reflected at this portion, and light scattering loss occurs.
- An object of the present invention is an optical device and an optical waveguide that solve the above-described problems that the connection path of the related technology has a low manufacturing margin, a light loss is likely to occur, and the connection path is low in reliability. It is to provide a connection path connecting the two.
- the first silicon layer having a rib-shaped portion extending in the longitudinal direction of the connection path and the first silicon layer laminated on the upper layer of the first silicon layer so as to partially overlap the rib-shaped portion.
- a second silicon layer extending in the longitudinal direction.
- the second silicon layer has a tapered portion that tapers toward one end portion in the longitudinal direction, and is located at a position away from above the rib-shaped portion on the end face of the one end portion in the longitudinal direction.
- the coupling loss when the optical device and the optical waveguide are connected via the connection path, the coupling loss can be further reduced, and the manufacturing tolerance and reliability of the connection path can be improved.
- route of related technology is the schematic of the cross section of the connection path side edge part of the optical waveguide in position AA 'of FIG.
- route of related technology is the schematic of the connection path
- route of related technology is the schematic of the cross section of the connection path
- the upper surface of an example of the connection path of related technology is the schematic which showed one Embodiment of the connection path which concerns on this invention, and is the schematic of the cross section of the connection path side edge part of an optical waveguide in position AA 'of FIG. 5C.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a connection path according to the present invention, and is a schematic view of a cross-section of a connection path side end portion of the optical modulator at a position BB ′ in FIG. 5C.
- FIG. 7B is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the connection path according to the present invention, and is a schematic view of a cross section of an end portion of the connection path on the optical waveguide side at a position AA ′ in FIG. 6C.
- FIG. 7B is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the connection path according to the present invention, and is a schematic view of a cross section of an end portion of the connection path on the optical modulator side at a position BB ′ in FIG. 6C.
- connection path which concerns on this invention, and is the schematic of the upper surface of a connection path. It is the schematic which showed other embodiment of the connection path which concerns on this invention, and is the schematic of the cross section of the optical waveguide side edge part of a connection path in position AA 'of FIG. 7C. It is the schematic which showed other embodiment of the connection path which concerns on this invention, and is the schematic of the cross section of the optical modulator side edge part of a connection path in position BB 'of FIG. 7C. It is the schematic which showed other embodiment of the connection path which concerns on this invention, and is the schematic of the upper surface of a connection path.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an upper surface when the connection paths in FIGS. 8A to 8C are connected to both the input and output sides of the optical modulator.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a light intensity modulator of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer type using the connection path in FIGS. 8A to 8C.
- connection path described below is interposed between the optical waveguide and the optical modulator, which is one of the optical devices, to connect the optical waveguide and the optical modulator.
- the actual optical waveguides, connection paths, and optical modulators are covered with an oxide layer. However, in the figure showing the top surface, the oxide layer covering them is shown in order to make the internal structure change easier to understand. The figure is omitted.
- connection path A first embodiment of a connection path according to the present invention will be described.
- FIGS. 5B and 5B are schematic views of a cross section of an end portion on the connection path side of the optical modulator at a position BB ′ in FIG. 5C.
- FIG. 5C is a schematic view of an upper surface when the optical waveguide and the optical modulator are connected through the connection path.
- the optical waveguide is below the position AA ′
- the connection path is between the positions AA ′ and BB ′
- the optical modulator is above the position BB ′.
- the optical waveguide is provided with an SOI substrate formed of a substrate 4, an oxide layer 5, and a doped p-doped silicon layer 3.
- the p-doped silicon layer 3 has a rib-shaped portion 3 ', and this rib-shaped portion 3' serves as a waveguide.
- the entire optical waveguide is covered with the oxide layer 5.
- a substrate 4 As shown in FIG. 4B, at the end of the connection path on the side of the optical waveguide, there are a substrate 4, an oxide layer 5, and a first silicon layer 3 (hereinafter referred to as a “doped p-doped silicon layer”).
- An SOI substrate formed in (1) is provided. Similar to the optical waveguide described above, the p-doped silicon layer 3 of the SOI substrate has a rib-shaped portion 3 ', and this rib-shaped portion 3' serves as a waveguide.
- a second silicon layer 6 (hereinafter referred to as “polycrystalline silicon layer”) is provided at a position above the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ and at a distance from the rib-shaped portion 3 ′.
- a waveguide formed by the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3 of the SOI substrate is formed at the end of the connection path on the optical modulator side, similarly to the end on the optical waveguide side. Yes.
- the upper portion of the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ is covered with the polycrystalline silicon layer 6. Further, the entire connection path is covered with the oxide layer 5.
- an optical modulator which is one of the optical devices, is provided with an SOI substrate formed of a substrate 4, an oxide layer 5, and a doped p-doped silicon layer 3. .
- the p-doped silicon layer 3 has a rib-shaped portion 3 '.
- p + doped silicon layers 12 that are highly doped are provided on both sides of the p-doped silicon layer 3.
- a doped n-doped silicon layer 11 is provided above the rib-shaped portion 3 ', and this n-doped silicon layer has an inverted rib-shaped portion 11'.
- a waveguide is formed by the two rib-shaped portions 3 'and 11'.
- an n + doped silicon layer 10 that is highly doped is provided on the side of the n-doped silicon layer 11.
- An electrode 17 is connected to each of the p + doped silicon layer 12 and the n + doped silicon layer 10, and the oxide layer 5 is covered except for the portion where the electrode 17 is connected.
- the rib-shaped portion 3 'of the p-doped silicon layer 3, that is, the waveguide is connected between the optical waveguide and the optical modulator via a connection path.
- the connection path the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3, that is, the waveguide is a straight line extending in the longitudinal direction of the connection path.
- the width of the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 at the end of the connection path on the optical modulator side is equal to the total width of the n-doped silicon layer 11 and the n + doped silicon layer 10 of the optical modulator.
- Polycrystalline silicon layer 6 is connected to n-doped silicon layer 11 and n + -doped silicon layer 10.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 of the connection path is laminated on the p-doped silicon layer 3 so as to extend in the longitudinal direction of the connection path and partially overlap the rib-shaped portion 3 ′. Specifically, the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 covers the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3 at the end on the optical modulator side. Further, the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 has a linear tapered portion W in which one side surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 approaches the other side surface, that is, tapers as it approaches the end on the optical waveguide side. Yes.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 moves from a relative position overlapping the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ to a relative position not overlapping the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3 in the middle of the tapered shape portion W (intermediate position). It has migrated. Therefore, the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 is located at a position away from above the rib-shaped portion of the p-doped silicon layer 3 at the end on the optical waveguide side. Note that the other side surface is linear along the traveling direction of light.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 has a connection path configuration having the tapered portion W, so that the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 gradually covers the upper portion of the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3. .
- the p-doped silicon layer 3 and the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 begin to overlap at the position where they are orthogonal to each other, they propagate through the waveguide. The reflected light is reflected there, and light loss occurs.
- a coupling loss occurs because the tip of the tapered shape of the upper Si layer (corresponding to the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 in the present embodiment) has a certain width.
- the tapered tip of the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 is provided at a position spaced from the waveguide made of the p-doped silicon layer 3. Furthermore, the occurrence of optical loss can be reduced by gradually changing the shape of the waveguide so that the p-doped silicon layer 3 and the polycrystalline silicon 6 do not intersect at the position where they begin to overlap.
- connection path of the present invention is a connection path with a very high manufacturing margin, it is easy to manufacture and there is no difference in optical loss between the connection paths, so that the reliability is very high.
- connection path A second embodiment of the connection path according to the present invention will be described.
- the structure of an optical waveguide and an optical modulator is the same as that of the above-mentioned embodiment, only a connection path is demonstrated below.
- FIG. 6A to 6C are schematic views showing a second embodiment of the connection path according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view of the end portion of the connection path on the side of the optical waveguide at position AA ′ in FIG. 6C.
- FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram of a cross section of an end portion of the connection path on the optical modulator side at a position BB ′ in FIG. 6C, and
- FIG. 6C is a schematic diagram of an upper surface of the connection path.
- an optical waveguide is connected below the position AA ', and an optical modulator is connected above the position BB'.
- the description of the same configuration as that in the above embodiment is omitted.
- an SOI substrate formed of a substrate 4, an oxide layer 5, and a doped p-doped silicon layer 3 is provided at an end of the connection path on the optical waveguide side.
- the p-doped silicon layer 3 of the SOI substrate has a rib-shaped portion 3 ', and this rib-shaped portion 3' serves as a waveguide.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 is provided in a position above the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ and at a distance from the rib-shaped portion 3 ′.
- a waveguide is formed at the end of the connection path on the optical modulator side by the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3 of the SOI substrate, similarly to the end on the optical waveguide side. Yes.
- the upper portion of the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ is covered with the polycrystalline silicon layer 6.
- the entire connection path is covered with the oxide layer 5.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 is provided at the same position at the end on the optical waveguide side of the connection path and the end on the optical modulator side.
- the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3 and the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 do not overlap with each other and have a gap.
- the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ is located below and overlaps the polycrystalline silicon layer 6, and the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ is the end portion on the optical waveguide side and the end on the optical modulator side. It is in a different position from the part.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 is linear from the end on the optical modulator side to the end on the optical waveguide side, and is formed without changing the width.
- the position of the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ formed in the p-doped silicon layer 3 is different between the end portion on the optical modulator side and the end portion on the optical waveguide side.
- an S-shaped portion X is provided between the end portion on the optical modulator side and the end portion on the optical waveguide side.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 is overlapped on the S-shaped portion X of the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3.
- the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3 and the linear side portion of the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 overlap each other, the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ is perpendicular to the light traveling direction.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 gradually overlaps. Therefore, optical loss can be reduced. Even if the misalignment due to the manufacturing error of the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 and the p-doped silicon layer 3 occurs, it is sufficient that the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 and the p-doped silicon layer 3 start to overlap at the S-shaped portion X of the waveguide. .
- the S-shaped portion X of the waveguide is larger than the positional shift due to the manufacturing error, the positional shift due to the manufacturing error is unlikely to increase the optical loss. Therefore, the coupling loss does not change due to the position shift, and the connection path always has a constant coupling loss. As a result, it is possible to realize a highly reliable connection path between a modulator and a waveguide, which has a high manufacturing margin with respect to misalignment.
- connection path A third embodiment of the connection path according to the present invention will be described. Since the structure of the optical waveguide and the optical modulator is the same as that of the above-described embodiment, the description thereof is omitted below.
- FIG. 7A to 7C are schematic views showing a third embodiment of the connection path according to the present invention
- FIG. 7A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the end portion of the connection path on the side of the optical waveguide at position AA ′ in FIG. 7C
- FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram of a cross section of an end portion of the connection path on the optical modulator side at a position BB ′ in FIG. 7C
- FIG. 7C is a schematic diagram of an upper surface of the connection path.
- an optical waveguide is connected below the position AA ', and an optical modulator is connected above the position BB'.
- the description of the same configuration as that in the above embodiment is omitted.
- an SOI substrate formed of a substrate 4, an oxide layer 5, and a doped p-doped silicon layer 3 is provided at the end of the connection path on the optical waveguide side.
- the p-doped silicon layer 3 of the SOI substrate has a rib-shaped portion 3 ', and this portion is a waveguide.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 is provided in a position above the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ and at a distance from the rib-shaped portion 3 ′.
- a waveguide is formed by the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3 in the same manner as the end on the optical waveguide side.
- the upper portion of the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ is covered with the polycrystalline silicon layer 6.
- the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3 moves away from the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 at the end on the optical modulator side as compared with the end on the optical waveguide side. Further, the position of the side portion of the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 on the side away from the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3 is not changed. However, the end near the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ moves to the rib-shaped portion side, passes through the upper portion of the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3, and covers the upper portion of the rib-shaped portion 3 ′. Yes.
- the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3 is separated from the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ as it goes from the end portion on the optical modulator side to the end portion on the optical waveguide side in the connection path. It has a gentle S-shape so as to approach the side of the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 on the other side.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 in the connection path covers the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3 at the end on the optical modulator side. However, as it approaches the end on the optical waveguide side, one side surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer approaches the other side surface, that is, has a linear tapered portion Y that tapers.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 overlaps above the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ with respect to the gentle S-shaped portion of the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3 in the tapered shape portion Y.
- the relative position has shifted to a non-overlapping relative position.
- the other side surface is close to one side surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer 6.
- the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ is linear, but in the present embodiment, the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 is made of the p-doped silicon layer 3 by being gently or S-shaped. The distance required to cross over the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ becomes longer. That is, the shape of the waveguide is further gradually changed in the present embodiment compared to the first embodiment, and the optical loss can be further reduced.
- connection path A fourth embodiment of the connection path according to the present invention will be described. Since the structure of the optical waveguide and the optical modulator is the same as that of the above-described embodiment, the description thereof is omitted below.
- FIG. 8A to 8C are schematic views showing a fourth embodiment of the connection path according to the present invention
- FIG. 8A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the end portion of the connection path on the side of the optical waveguide at position AA ′ in FIG. 8C
- 8B is a schematic diagram of a cross-section of the end portion of the connection path on the optical modulator side at a position BB ′ in FIG. 8C
- FIG. 8C is a schematic diagram of the top surface of the connection path.
- an optical waveguide is connected below the position AA ', and an optical modulator is connected above the position BB'.
- the description of the same configuration as that in the above embodiment is omitted.
- the structure of the end portion on the optical waveguide side of the connection path of this embodiment and the structure of the end portion on the optical modulator side are the same as those in the third embodiment described above ( FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B).
- the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3 moves from the end portion on the optical modulator side to the end portion on the optical waveguide side. It has a gentle S-shape that approaches the side portion of the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 on the side away from the rib-shaped portion 3 ′.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 in the connection path covers the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3 at the end portion on the optical modulator side, and as it approaches the end portion on the optical waveguide side, the polycrystalline silicon layer 6.
- One of the side surfaces has a tapered portion Z that approaches the other side surface.
- both side surfaces are linearly tapered, but in this embodiment, one side surface is curved. More specifically, the curve has a large curvature in which the width of the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 gradually increases from the optical waveguide side to the optical modulator side.
- the taper-shaped portion Z of the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 and the curved portion on the optical waveguide side of the S-shaped portion of the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ are curved in the same direction, and the curve of the tapered-shaped portion Z of the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 Has a curvature larger than the curvature of the curved portion of the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ on the optical waveguide side. If the curvature of the curve of the taper-shaped portion Z is smaller than the curvature of the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ on the optical waveguide side, the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 and the rib-shaped portion are difficult to overlap and the manufacturing margin is reduced. . Further, as will be described later, since the distance from when the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 begins to overlap the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ to when the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 completely overlaps becomes short, light loss is likely to occur.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 can reduce optical loss when it has a curved taper shape as in the present embodiment rather than a linear taper shape as in the third embodiment. Can do.
- the gentle S-shaped portion of the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3 and the tapered-shaped portion Z of the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 are larger than the positional shift caused by the manufacturing error. Therefore, optical loss does not increase due to manufacturing errors, and a connection path with a constant coupling loss is obtained as in the above-described embodiment. Therefore, it is possible to realize a highly reliable connection path with a high manufacturing margin.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic view of the upper surface when connection paths are provided on both the input and output sides of an optical modulator, which is one of the optical devices.
- the connection path As the connection path, the connection path of the fourth embodiment described above was used. Between the position AA 'and the position BB', between the position CC 'and the position DD' is a connection path, and between the position BB 'and the position CC' is an optical modulator. Since the structure of the optical waveguide and the optical modulator is the same as that of the above-described embodiment, the description thereof is omitted below.
- the BB ′ side of the optical modulator is the input side
- the CC ′ side is the output side.
- connection path is arranged so as to be line-symmetrical on the light input side and output side with the light modulator in between.
- the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ of the p-doped silicon layer 3 and the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 are displaced on the horizontal plane due to manufacturing errors on either the input / output side or on any connection path (toward FIG. 9). Therefore, it is possible to realize a connection structure having a manufacturing margin at both the input and output ends.
- the structure has low coupling loss and high reliability.
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of a light intensity modulator of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer type using the connection path of the fourth embodiment.
- connection path Between the position AA 'and the position BB', between the position CC 'and the position DD' is a connection path, and between the position BB 'and the position CC' is an optical modulator. Since the structure of the optical waveguide and the optical modulator is the same as that of the above-described embodiment, the description thereof is omitted below.
- connection paths are arranged so as to be line symmetric between the input side and the output side with the optical modulator interposed therebetween.
- the two arms are not symmetrical and are arranged in parallel with the same configuration.
- the tip of the tapered shape is located at the portion where the polycrystalline silicon layer 6 passes over the rib-shaped portion 3 ′ (waveguide) of the p-doped silicon layer 3 as in the related art. Not. For this reason, light scattering caused by the tapered tip is eliminated. In addition, optical loss due to misalignment due to manufacturing errors does not occur, so optical loss is reduced, and furthermore, optical loss due to misalignment due to manufacturing errors does not increase or decrease, so a highly reliable connection path Can be realized. At the same time, an optical communication system using a waveguide, a connection path, and an optical device with high reliability and low optical loss can be realized.
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Abstract
Description
3’pドープシリコン層のリブ形状部(導波路)
4 基板
5 酸化物層
6 多結晶シリコン層(第2のシリコン層)
10n+ドープシリコン層
11nドープシリコン層
11’nドープシリコン層のリブ形状部(導波路)
12p+ドープシリコン層
17電極
20n+ドープシリコン層
21nドープシリコン層
21’nドープシリコン層のリブ形状部(導波路)
22p+ドープシリコン層
23pドープシリコン層
23’pドープシリコン層のリブ形状部(導波路)
25酸化物層
27電極
W,Y,Z テーパー形状部
X S字形状部
Claims (18)
- 接続路の長手方向に延びているリブ形状部を有する第1のシリコン層と、
一部が前記リブ形状部の上に重なるように前記第1のシリコン層の上層に積層され、前記長手方向に延びており、前記長手方向の一端部に向かって先細になるテーパー形状部を有し、前記長手方向の前記一端部の端面では前記リブ形状部の上方から離れた位置に位置する第2のシリコン層と、を有している、
光導波路と光学装置との間に介在して前記光導波路と前記光学装置とを接続する接続路。 - 前記第2のシリコン層は、前記テーパー形状部の中間位置で、前記第1のシリコン層の前記リブ形状部に対して、該リブ形状部の上方に重なる相対位置から重ならない相対位置へ移行している、請求の範囲第1項に記載の接続路。
- 前記第1のシリコン層の前記リブ形状部は直線状である、請求の範囲第1項または第2項に記載の接続路。
- 前記第1のシリコン層の前記リブ形状部はS字形状部を有しており、前記第1のシリコン層の前記S字形状部が前記第2のシリコン層の前記テーパー形状部の側面と交わる、請求の範囲第1項に記載の接続路。
- 前記第2のシリコン層の前記テーパー形状部の少なくとも前記リブ形状部と交わる側面は曲線状である、請求の範囲第1項から第4項のいずれか1項に記載の接続路。
- 前記第2のシリコン層の前記テーパー形状部は、前記第1のシリコン層の前記S字形状部が有する2つの湾曲部のうち他方の端部側の湾曲部と同方向に湾曲している曲線状であり、かつ、前記第1のシリコン層の他方の端部側の前記湾曲部の曲率よりも大きな曲率を有している、請求の範囲第4項に記載の接続路。
- 接続路の長手方向に延びているリブ形状部を有する第1のシリコン層と、
前記第1のシリコン層の上層に位置し、前記接続路の長手方向の一端部では前記第1のシリコン層と重なっておらず、前記長手方向の他端部では前記第1のシリコン層とは重なっており、前記第1のシリコン層と重なり始める位置では互いに直交していない、第2のシリコン層と、を有している、
光導波路と光学装置との間に介在して前記光導波路と前記光学装置とを接続する接続路。 - 前記第1のシリコン層の前記リブ形状部はS字形状部を有しており、前記S字形状部で前記第2のシリコン層と重なり始める、請求の範囲第7項に記載の接続路。
- 請求の範囲第1項から第8項のいずれか1項に記載の接続路で光導波路と光学装置が接続されている、光通信システム。
- 接続路の長手方向に延びるように形成したリブ形状部を有する第1のシリコン層の上層に、一部が前記リブ形状部の上に重なるように、かつ前記長手方向に延びるように、かつ第2のシリコン層には前記長手方向の一端部に向かって先細になるテーパー形状部を形成し、前記長手方向の前記一端部の端面を前記リブ形状部の上方から離れた位置に前記第2のシリコン層を積層する工程を含む、
光導波路と光学装置との間に介在して前記光導波路と前記光学装置とを接続させる接続路の製造方法。 - 前記第2のシリコン層の前記テーパー形状部を、部分的に前記第1のシリコン層の前記リブ形状部の上方に位置するように配置する、請求の範囲第10項に記載の接続路の製造方法。
- 前記第1のシリコン層の前記リブ形状部を直線状に形成する、請求の範囲第10項または第11項に記載の接続路の製造方法。
- 前記第1のシリコン層の前記リブ形状部にS字形状部を形成し、前記第1のシリコン層の前記S字形状部と前記第2のシリコン層の前記テーパー形状部を部分的に重ねる、請求の範囲第10項に記載の接続路の製造方法。
- 前記第2のシリコン層の前記テーパー形状部の少なくとも前記リブ形状部と交わる側面を曲線状に形成する、請求の範囲第10項から第13項のいずれか1項に記載の接続路の製造方法。
- 前記第2のシリコン層の前記テーパー形状部を、前記第1のシリコン層の前記S字形状部を形成する2つの湾曲部のうち他方の端部側に設けた湾曲部と同方向に、かつ前記第1のシリコン層の他方の端部側の前記湾曲部の曲率よりも大きい曲率で湾曲させる、請求の範囲第13項に記載の接続路の製造方法。
- リブ形状部を有する第1のシリコン層の上層に、接続路の長手方向の一端部では前記第1のシリコン層と重ならず、前記長手方向の他端部では前記第1のシリコン層と重なるように、かつ前記第1のシリコン層と第2のシリコン層とが重なり始める位置において、両者が直交しないように前記第2のシリコン層を積層する工程を含む、
光導波路と光学装置との間に介在して前記光導波路と前記光学装置とを接続させる接続路の製造方法。 - 前記第1のシリコン層の前記リブ形状部にS字形状部を形成し、前記S字形状部で前記第2のシリコン層と重なり始めるようにする、請求の範囲第16項に記載の接続路の製造方法。
- 請求の範囲第10項から第17項のいずれか1項に記載の接続路の製造方法で製造される接続路と、光学装置と、光導波路とを一体成形する、光通信システムの製造方法。
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JP2008147209A (ja) * | 2006-12-06 | 2008-06-26 | Hitachi Ltd | 光半導体装置および光導波路装置 |
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