WO2010143571A1 - Ge-Sb-Te膜の成膜方法および記憶媒体 - Google Patents
Ge-Sb-Te膜の成膜方法および記憶媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010143571A1 WO2010143571A1 PCT/JP2010/059338 JP2010059338W WO2010143571A1 WO 2010143571 A1 WO2010143571 A1 WO 2010143571A1 JP 2010059338 W JP2010059338 W JP 2010059338W WO 2010143571 A1 WO2010143571 A1 WO 2010143571A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P10/00—Bonding of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
- C23C16/18—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material from metallo-organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/305—Sulfides, selenides, or tellurides
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- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/241—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B7/242—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers
- G11B7/243—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers comprising inorganic materials only, e.g. ablative layers
- G11B7/2433—Metals or elements of Groups 13, 14, 15 or 16 of the Periodic Table, e.g. B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Bi, Se or Te
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/011—Manufacture or treatment of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/021—Formation of switching materials, e.g. deposition of layers
- H10N70/023—Formation of switching materials, e.g. deposition of layers by chemical vapor deposition, e.g. MOCVD, ALD
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/20—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
- H10N70/231—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on solid-state phase change, e.g. between amorphous and crystalline phases, Ovshinsky effect
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/881—Switching materials
- H10N70/882—Compounds of sulfur, selenium or tellurium, e.g. chalcogenides
- H10N70/8828—Tellurides, e.g. GeSbTe
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/241—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material
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- G11B7/243—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers comprising inorganic materials only, e.g. ablative layers
- G11B2007/24302—Metals or metalloids
- G11B2007/24312—Metals or metalloids group 14 elements (e.g. Si, Ge, Sn)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/241—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B7/242—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers
- G11B7/243—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers comprising inorganic materials only, e.g. ablative layers
- G11B2007/24302—Metals or metalloids
- G11B2007/24314—Metals or metalloids group 15 elements (e.g. Sb, Bi)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/241—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B7/242—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers
- G11B7/243—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers comprising inorganic materials only, e.g. ablative layers
- G11B2007/24302—Metals or metalloids
- G11B2007/24316—Metals or metalloids group 16 elements (i.e. chalcogenides, Se, Te)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/26—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers
- G11B7/266—Sputtering or spin-coating layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a Ge—Sb—Te film forming method for forming a Ge—Sb—Te film by CVD and a storage medium storing a program for executing the film forming method.
- phase change film becomes amorphous having a high resistance value when heated to a high temperature (for example, 600 ° C. or higher) and rapidly cooled, and the normal resistance value is decreased by heating to a low temperature (for example, 400 ° C. or higher) and gradually cooling.
- the PRAM is formed of a material having a crystalline phase shown in the figure, and the PRAM stores data using a difference between the resistance values of the two phases. This phase change is realized by controlling the magnitude of the current pulse. In other words, an amorphous phase is obtained by applying a large current pulse, and a crystalline phase is obtained by applying a small current pulse.
- Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 which is a Ge—Sb—Te film, is used as a material for such a phase change film used in PRAM (Patent Document 1, etc.).
- this Ge—Sb—Te film is generally formed by PVD such as sputtering.
- PVD has insufficient step coverage, attempts have been made to form a film by CVD with good step coverage.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a Ge—Sb—Te film forming method capable of obtaining a highly smooth Ge—Sb—Te film by CVD. Another object is to provide a storage medium in which a program for executing such a method is stored.
- the present inventors have formed a Ge—Sb—Te film that becomes Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 by CVD using a gaseous Ge raw material, a gaseous Sb raw material, and a gaseous Te raw material.
- a gaseous Ge raw material and a gaseous Sb raw material are used as a first stage.
- film formation is performed using a small amount of gaseous Te raw material that does not form Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 , and then, as a second stage, a gaseous Sb raw material and a gaseous Te raw material are formed.
- a method for forming a Ge—Sb—Te film for forming an Sb—Te film comprising disposing a substrate in a processing vessel, a gaseous Ge raw material and a gaseous Sb raw material, or in addition to them Introducing a small amount of gaseous Te raw material into the processing vessel so that Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 is not formed, and performing a first stage film formation on the substrate;
- a gaseous Sb raw material and a gaseous Te raw material, or a small amount of gaseous Ge raw material that does not form Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 in addition to the gaseous Sb raw material and the gaseous Te raw material are introduced into the processing vessel, and the first stage Performing a second-stage film formation on the film obtained by the film formation, and
- a storage medium that stores a program that operates on a computer and controls a film forming apparatus, and the control program, when executed, includes a gaseous Ge raw material and a gaseous medium.
- a second stage film formation is performed on the film obtained by the first stage film formation after being introduced into the processing vessel, and the film obtained by the first stage film formation;
- the film deposition apparatus is controlled by a computer so that the Ge—Sb—Te film can be obtained by the film obtained by the second stage film formation.
- a storage medium is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a film forming apparatus that can be used for carrying out a method for forming a Ge—Sb—Te film according to the present invention. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the film-forming method of this invention.
- 3 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the surface state of the film obtained in Experiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the surface state of the film obtained in Experiment 2.
- FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the surface state of the film obtained in Experiment 3.
- FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the surface state of the film obtained in Experiment 4.
- FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the surface state of a film when the composition ratio of Ge / Sb in the first stage is changed in Experiment 5.
- FIG. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the surface state of a film when the composition ratio of Ge / Sb in the first stage is changed in Experiment 5.
- the unit of the gas flow rate is mL / min.
- the value converted into the standard state is used in the present invention.
- the flow volume converted into the standard state is normally indicated by sccm (Standard Cubic Centimeter per Minutes), sccm is also written together.
- the standard state here is a state where the temperature is 0 ° C. (273.15 K) and the atmospheric pressure is 1 atm (101325 Pa).
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a film forming apparatus that can be used for carrying out a method for forming a Ge—Sb—Te film according to the present invention.
- a film forming apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 has a processing container 1 formed into a cylindrical shape or a box shape by using aluminum or the like, for example, and a semiconductor wafer (hereinafter simply referred to as a substrate to be processed) (hereinafter simply referred to as a processing target substrate).
- a mounting table 3 on which a wafer W) is mounted is provided.
- the mounting table 3 is composed of a carbon material such as a graphite plate or a graphite plate covered with SiC having a thickness of about 1 mm, ceramics having good thermal conductivity such as aluminum nitride, and the like.
- a cylindrical partition wall 13 made of, for example, aluminum, which is erected from the bottom of the processing vessel 1 is formed on the outer peripheral side of the mounting table 3, and its upper end is bent, for example, in an L shape in the horizontal direction. 14 is formed.
- the inert gas purge chamber 15 is formed on the back surface side of the mounting table 3.
- the upper surface of the bent portion 14 is substantially on the same plane as the upper surface of the mounting table 3, is separated from the outer periphery of the mounting table 3, and the connecting rod 12 is inserted through this gap.
- the mounting table 3 is supported by three (only two in the illustrated example) support arms 4 extending from the upper inner wall of the partition wall 13.
- a plurality of, for example, three L-shaped lifter pins 5 are provided so as to protrude upward from the ring-shaped support member 6.
- the support member 6 can be moved up and down by a lifting rod 7 penetrating from the bottom of the processing container 1, and the lifting rod 7 is moved up and down by an actuator 10 located below the processing container 1.
- a portion corresponding to the lifter pin 5 of the mounting table 3 is provided with an insertion hole 8 that penetrates the mounting table 3. 5 can be inserted into the insertion hole 8 to lift the wafer W.
- the insertion portion of the elevating rod 7 into the processing container 1 is covered with a bellows 9 to prevent outside air from entering the processing container 1 from the insertion portion.
- a ceramic clamp such as an aluminum nitride having a substantially ring shape along the contour of the wafer W is provided.
- a ring member 11 is provided.
- the clamp ring member 11 is connected to the support member 6 via a connecting rod 12 and is moved up and down integrally with the lifter pin 5.
- the lifter pins 5 and the connecting rods 12 are formed of ceramics such as alumina.
- a plurality of contact protrusions 16 arranged at substantially equal intervals along the circumferential direction are formed on the lower surface on the inner peripheral side of the ring-shaped clamp ring member 11, and at the time of clamping, the lower end surface of the contact protrusion 16 is The upper surface of the peripheral edge of the wafer W is brought into contact with and pressed.
- the diameter of the contact protrusion 16 is about 1 mm, and the height is about 50 ⁇ m.
- a ring-shaped first gas purge gap 17 is formed in this portion during clamping. It should be noted that the overlap amount (flow path length of the first gas purge gap 17) L1 between the peripheral edge of the wafer W and the inner peripheral side of the clamp ring member 11 during clamping is about several millimeters.
- the outer peripheral edge of the clamp ring member 11 is positioned above the upper bent portion 14 of the partition wall 13, and a ring-shaped second gas purge gap 18 is formed here.
- the width (height) of the second gas purge gap 18 is, for example, about 500 ⁇ m, and is about 10 times larger than the width of the first gas purge gap 17.
- the overlap amount between the outer peripheral edge portion of the clamp ring member 11 and the bent portion 14 (the flow path length of the second gas purge gap 18) is, for example, about 10 mm.
- An inert gas supply mechanism 19 that supplies an inert gas to the inert gas purge chamber 15 is provided at the bottom of the processing container 1.
- the gas supply mechanism 19 includes a gas nozzle 20 for introducing an inert gas such as Ar gas (backside Ar) into the inert gas purge chamber 15, and an Ar gas supply source 21 for supplying Ar gas as an inert gas.
- a gas pipe 22 for guiding Ar gas from the Ar gas supply source 21 to the gas nozzle 20.
- the gas pipe 22 is provided with a mass flow controller 23 as a flow rate controller and open / close valves 24 and 25.
- Other inert gases such as He gas may be used as the inert gas instead of Ar gas.
- a transmission window 30 made of a heat ray transmission material such as quartz is airtightly provided immediately below the mounting table 3 at the bottom of the processing container 1, and a box-shaped heating is provided below this transmission window 30 so as to surround the transmission window 30.
- a chamber 31 is provided.
- a plurality of heating lamps 32 are attached as a heating means to a turntable 33 that also serves as a reflecting mirror.
- the turntable 33 is rotated by a rotation motor 34 provided at the bottom of the heating chamber 31 via a rotation shaft. Therefore, the heat rays emitted from the heating lamp 32 pass through the transmission window 30 and irradiate the lower surface of the mounting table 3 to heat it.
- an exhaust port 36 is provided at the peripheral edge of the bottom of the processing container 1, and an exhaust pipe 37 connected to a vacuum pump (not shown) is connected to the exhaust port 36.
- the inside of the processing container 1 can be maintained at a predetermined degree of vacuum by exhausting through the exhaust port 36 and the exhaust pipe 37.
- a loading / unloading port 39 for loading / unloading the wafer W and a gate valve 38 for opening / closing the loading / unloading port 39 are provided on the side wall of the processing chamber 1.
- a shower head 40 is provided on the ceiling of the processing container 1 facing the mounting table 3 in order to introduce a source gas or the like into the processing container 1.
- the shower head 40 is made of, for example, aluminum and has a head body 41 having a disk shape having a space 41a therein.
- a gas inlet 42 is provided in the ceiling of the head body 41.
- a processing gas supply mechanism 50 that supplies a processing gas necessary for forming a Ge—Sb—Te film is connected to the gas inlet 42 by a pipe 51.
- a large number of gas injection holes 43 for discharging the gas supplied into the head main body 41 to the processing space in the processing container 1 are arranged on the entire bottom surface of the head main body 41, It is designed to release gas.
- a diffusion plate 44 having a large number of gas dispersion holes 45 is disposed in the space 41 a in the head main body 41 so that gas can be supplied more evenly to the surface of the wafer W.
- cartridge heaters 46 and 47 for temperature adjustment are provided in the side wall of the processing vessel 1, the side wall of the shower head 40, and the wafer facing surface where the gas injection holes 43 are arranged, respectively.
- the side wall and the shower head portion in contact with each other can be maintained at a predetermined temperature.
- the processing gas supply mechanism 50 includes a Te raw material storage unit 52 that stores Te raw material, an Sb raw material storage unit 53 that stores Sb raw material, a Ge raw material storage unit 54 that stores Ge raw material, and a gas in the processing container 1.
- a dilution gas such as argon gas for dilution.
- NH 3 gas, H 2 gas may be a possible supply configured as an additive gas for enhancing the film quality.
- the pipe 51 connected to the shower head 40 is connected to a pipe 56 extending from the Te raw material storage 52, a pipe 57 extending from the Sb raw material storage 53, and a pipe 58 extending from the Ge raw material storage 54. Is connected to the dilution gas supply source 55.
- the pipe 51 is provided with a mass flow controller (MFC) 60 as a flow rate controller and front and rear opening / closing valves 61 and 62.
- the pipe 58 is provided with a mass flow controller (MFC) 63 as a flow rate controller and front and rear opening / closing valves 64 and 65.
- MFC mass flow controller
- a carrier gas supply source 66 that supplies a carrier gas for bubbling Ar or the like is connected to the Te raw material reservoir 52 via a pipe 67.
- the pipe 67 is provided with a mass flow controller (MFC) 68 as a flow rate controller and front and rear opening / closing valves 69 and 70.
- a carrier gas supply source 71 for supplying a carrier gas such as Ar is also connected to the Sb raw material reservoir 53 via a pipe 72.
- the pipe 72 is provided with a mass flow controller (MFC) 73 as a flow rate controller and open / close valves 74 and 75 before and after the mass flow controller (MFC) 73.
- the Te raw material reservoir 52 and the Sb raw material reservoir 53 are provided with heaters 76 and 77, respectively.
- the Te raw material stored in the Te raw material storage unit 52 and the Sb raw material stored in the Sb raw material storage unit 53 are supplied to the processing container 1 by bubbling while being heated by the heaters 76 and 77. It has become. Further, the Ge raw material stored in the Ge raw material storage unit 54 is supplied to the processing container 1 while the flow rate is controlled by a mass flow controller (MFC) 63. Although not shown in the drawing, a heater is also provided in the piping and the mass flow controller to the processing container 1 for supplying the Ge raw material, the Sr raw material and the Ti raw material in a vaporized state.
- MFC mass flow controller
- the Ge raw material is supplied by the mass flow controller, and the Sb raw material and the Te raw material are supplied by bubbling.
- the Ge raw material may be supplied by bubbling, and the Sb raw material and the Te raw material are supplied by the mass flow controller. May be.
- the raw material in a liquid state may be supplied by being controlled by a liquid mass flow controller and vaporized by a vaporizer.
- any compound that can supply gas can be used.
- a compound having a high vapor pressure is advantageous because it is easily vaporized.
- a compound containing an alkyl group can be suitably used because it has a high vapor pressure and is inexpensive. However, it is not limited to the thing containing an alkyl group.
- Ge raw material containing an alkyl group methyl germanium Ge (CH 3 ) H 3 , tertiary butyl germanium [Ge ((CH 3 ) 3 C) H 3 ], tetramethyl germanium [Ge ( CH 3 ) 4 ], tetraethylgermanium [Ge (C 2 H 5 ) 4 ], tetradimethylaminogermanium [Ge ((CH 3 ) 2 N) 4 ] and the like.
- Sb raw material examples include triisopropylantimony [Sb (i-C 3 H 7 ) 3 ], trimethylantimony [Sb (CH 3 ) 3 ], trisdimethylaminoantimony [Sb ((CH 3 ) 2 N) 3 ] and the like can be mentioned as Te raw materials is diisopropyl tellurium [Te (i-C 3 H 7) 2], di-tert-butyl tellurium [Te (t-C 4 H ) 2], diethyl tellurium [Te (C 2 H 5) 2] , and the like.
- a cleaning gas introduction part 81 for introducing NF 3 gas, which is a cleaning gas, is provided on the upper side wall of the processing container 1.
- a pipe 82 for supplying NF 3 gas is connected to the cleaning gas introduction part 81, and a remote plasma generation part 83 is provided in the pipe 82. Then, the NF 3 gas supplied through the pipe 82 is converted into plasma in the remote plasma generation unit 83 and supplied into the processing container 1, thereby cleaning the inside of the processing container 1.
- a remote plasma generation unit may be provided immediately above the shower head 40 and the cleaning gas may be supplied via the shower head 40.
- F 2 may be used instead of NF 3 , and plasmaless thermal cleaning with ClF 3 or the like may be performed without using remote plasma.
- the film forming apparatus 100 has a process controller 90 composed of a microprocessor (computer), and each component of the film forming apparatus 100 is connected to the process controller 90 to be controlled.
- the process controller 90 visualizes and displays the operation status of each component of the film forming apparatus 100 and a keyboard on which an operator inputs commands to manage each component of the film forming apparatus 100.
- a user interface 91 including a display is connected.
- the process controller 90 has a control program for realizing various processes executed by the film forming apparatus 100 under the control of the process controller 90, and predetermined components are assigned to respective components of the film forming apparatus 100 according to processing conditions.
- a storage unit 92 that stores a control program for executing the process, that is, a process recipe, various databases, and the like is connected.
- the processing recipe is stored in a storage medium (not shown) in the storage unit 92.
- the storage medium may be a fixed medium such as a hard disk or a portable medium such as a CDROM, DVD, or flash memory. Moreover, you may make it transmit a recipe suitably from another apparatus via a dedicated line, for example.
- a predetermined processing recipe is called from the storage unit 92 by an instruction from the user interface 91 and is executed by the process controller 90, so that the film forming apparatus 100 can control the process controller 90. Desired processing is performed.
- the gate valve 38 is opened, and the wafer W is loaded into the processing container 1 from the loading / unloading port 39 and mounted on the mounting table 3 (step 1). Then, the gate valve 38 is closed and the inside of the processing container 1 is evacuated to adjust to a predetermined degree of vacuum.
- the mounting table 3 is heated in advance by heat rays emitted from the heating lamp 32 and transmitted through the transmission window 30, and the wafer W is heated by the heat.
- the Ge source gas and the Sb source gas are flowed at a predetermined flow rate, and the Te source gas is not flowed or a small amount is flown to form a GeSb film or a GeSbTe film with a small amount of Te on the wafer W.
- a film is formed (step 2).
- Ar gas is supplied as a dilution gas from the dilution gas supply source 55 at a flow rate of 100 to 500 mL / sec (sccm), and the exhaust port 36 and the exhaust pipe are connected by a vacuum pump (not shown).
- the pressure in the processing container 1 is adjusted to about 60 to 1330 Pa by evacuating the processing container 1 through 37.
- the heating temperature of the wafer W is set to 200 to 600 ° C., preferably 300 to 400 ° C., for example.
- the pressure in the processing container 1 is controlled to 60 to 6650 Pa, which is the film formation pressure, and actual film formation is started.
- the pressure in the processing container 1 is adjusted by an automatic pressure controller (APC) (not shown) provided in the exhaust pipe 37.
- APC automatic pressure controller
- the Sb source gas from the Sb source storage unit 53 is introduced into the processing container 1 by flowing a bubbling carrier gas at a predetermined flow rate, and the Ge source is stored by the mass flow controller (MFC) 63.
- a Ge source gas having a predetermined flow rate is introduced into the processing container 1 from the unit 54.
- a small amount of Te source gas from the Te source reservoir 52 is introduced into the processing container 1 by flowing and bubbling a predetermined flow rate of carrier gas.
- a GeSb film or a GeSbTe film containing a small amount of Te is formed.
- the GeSb film formed at this time or the GeSbTe film containing a small amount of Te is a film having good surface smoothness.
- the amount is acceptable as long as Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 is not formed.
- the Te content of the obtained film needs to be less than 10 at%, and the Te raw material gas is supplied so that the Te content is equal to or less than that amount.
- the composition ratio Ge / Sb between Ge and Sb is 50/50 to 70/30 in terms of the number of atoms, or the flow rate of Ge raw material (in terms of N 2 ) is x (mL / min (sccm)),
- the flow rate of the carrier Ar gas of the Sb raw material is y (mL / min (sccm))
- y / x be 0.01 to 0.1.
- the flow rate of the Ge raw material (in terms of N 2 ) is a measured value when the flow rate of the Ge raw material is measured with a mass flow controller for N 2 .
- the Sb source gas and the Te source gas are allowed to flow at a predetermined flow rate, and the Ge source gas is not allowed to flow, or a small amount is allowed to flow over the film formed in the first stage.
- a second stage of film formation is performed in which a SbTe film or a GeSbTe film with a small Ge amount is formed (step 3).
- the first-stage film and the second-stage film are integrated, and a Ge—Sb—Te film having a composition ratio of Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 that is stable and has good surface smoothness can be obtained. .
- the Sb source gas, Te source gas, and Ge source gas are supplied in the same manner as in the first stage film formation. Further, in the second stage film formation, the Sb source gas and the Te source gas are supplied at a flow rate ratio such that the composition ratio of Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 can be stably obtained by the first stage and second stage film formation. Alternatively, a small amount of Ge source gas may be flowed in addition to these.
- the composition ratio Sb / Te of Sb and Te at this time is not particularly limited as long as it is a flow ratio that can stably obtain the composition ratio of Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 by the film formation in the first stage and the second stage.
- the composition of the film finally obtained after the first-stage film formation and the second-stage film formation is the same as the first-stage film, but the second-stage film formation Sb, Te, and a small amount of Ge raw material flow rate. It depends on the ratio and its distribution time.
- the Ge material flow rate is x (mL / min (sccm))
- the Sb material carrier Ar gas flow rate is y (mL / min (sccm)
- the Te material carrier Ar gas flow rate is z (mL / min (sccm)).
- the Te-free film or the low Te film formed in the first stage is etched, and the composition ratio becomes Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 . Since the reactive product comes out as a gas, it becomes a film having a poor surface condition.
- the flow rate ratio of raw materials in advance so that a Ge—Sb—Te film having a desired composition can be formed according to the raw material used.
- Step 4 the film forming process for one wafer is completed.
- a Ge—Sb—Te-based film is formed by CVD, as a first step, a gaseous Ge raw material and a gaseous Sb raw material, or in addition to them, Film formation is performed using a small amount of gaseous Te raw material that does not form Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 , and then, as a second stage, in addition to the gaseous Sb raw material and the gaseous Te raw material, or in addition to them since a film is formed by using a small amount of gaseous Ge raw material enough to Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 is not formed, without generating a crystal exhibiting a strong crystal habit, a Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 Ge- Sb A -Te film can be obtained, and a Ge-Sb-Te film with good surface smoothness can be obtained.
- Tertiary butyl germanium is supplied to the processing vessel by directly controlling the vapor flow rate with a mass flow controller installed at the latter stage of the normal temperature raw material vessel, and triisopropylantimony is supplied as a carrier gas to the raw material vessel controlled at 50 ° C.
- the controlled Ar gas was supplied to the processing vessel by a bubbling method that passed through the vessel, and diisopropyl tellurium was bubbled through the vessel with Ar gas that was flow controlled as a carrier gas in a raw material vessel controlled at 35 ° C.
- the saturated vapor pressure of triisopropylantimony was 266 Pa
- the saturated vapor pressure of diisopropyl tellurium was 905 Pa.
- the mass flow controller and the piping from the raw material container to the processing container were maintained at 160 ° C. by a mantle router.
- the film thickness in terms of XRF was 128 nm.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment and can be variously limited.
- the apparatus for heating the substrate to be processed by lamp heating is shown as the film forming apparatus, it may be heated by a resistance heater.
- the Ge—Sb—Te film is applied to the phase change layer of the PRAM.
- the substrate is not limited to a semiconductor substrate, and various other substrates such as a glass substrate and a resin substrate can be used.
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Abstract
Description
また、他の目的はそのような方法を実行させるプログラムが記憶された記憶媒体を提供することにある。
気体状のSb原料および気体状のTe原料、または、それらに加えてGe2Sb2Te5が形成されない程度の少量の気体状のGe原料を前記処理容器内に導入して前記第1段階の成膜により得られた膜の上に第2段階の成膜を行うこととを有し、前記第1段階の成膜により得られた膜と、前記第2段階の成膜により得られた膜により、前記Ge-Sb-Te膜が得られる、Ge-Sb-Te膜の成膜方法が提供される。
ここでは、Ge-Sb-Te膜を、半導体ウエハ上にPRAMの相変化層として成膜する場合について説明する。
<実験1>
上記図1の成膜装置において、カートリッジヒータにより処理容器壁の温度を160℃に設定し、ランプパワーを調節して、載置台の温度を360℃に設定し、搬送ロボットのアームを用いて処理容器内に直径200mmの円板状をなすウエハを搬入し、Ge-Sb-Te膜を成膜した。なお、Ge原料、Sb原料、Te原料として、ターシャリブチルゲルマニウム、トリイソプロピルアンチモン、ジイソプロピルテルルを用いた。ターシャリブチルゲルマニウムは、常温の原料容器の後段に設置したマスフローコントローラにて蒸気流量を直接制御して処理容器に供給し、トリイソプロピルアンチモンは、50℃に温度コントロールした原料容器にキャリアガスとして流量制御されたArガスを容器内に通じたバブリング法にて処理容器に供給し、ジイソプロピルテルルは、35℃に温度コントロールした原料容器にキャリアガスとして流量制御されたArガスを容器内に通じたバブリング法にて処理容器に供給した。この際、トリイソプロピルアンチモンの飽和蒸気圧は266Paであり、ジイソプロピルテルルの飽和蒸気圧は905Paであった。また、マスフローコントローラおよび原料容器から処理容器までの配管は、マントルータにより160℃に保持した。
載置台温度:360℃
処理容器内圧力:665Pa
Ge原料ガス流量:550mL/min(sccm):ただしN2換算にて
SbキャリアArガス流量:20mL/min(sccm)
TeキャリアArガス流量:50mL/min(sccm)
希釈Arガス流量:100mL/min(sccm)
バックサイドArガス流量:200mL/min(sccm)
成膜時間:90sec
次に、実験1と同様の装置条件で同様の原料を用い、以下の条件でGeSb膜を成膜した。
載置台温度:360℃
処理容器内圧力:1213Pa
Ge原料ガス流量:550mL/min(sccm):ただしN2換算にて
SbキャリアArガス流量:20mL/min(sccm)
TeキャリアArガス流量:0mL/min(sccm)
希釈Arガス流量:500mL/min(sccm)
バックサイドArガス流量:200mL/min(sccm)
成膜時間:240sec
実験2と同様の条件で第1段階の成膜を行った後、引き続き以下の条件でTe原料のみを供給する第2段階の成膜を行ってGe-Sb-Te膜を形成した。
載置台温度:360℃
処理容器内圧力:1213Pa
Ge原料ガス流量:0mL/min(sccm)
SbキャリアArガス流量:0mL/min(sccm)
TeキャリアArガス流量:50mL/min(sccm)
希釈Arガス流量:0mL/min(sccm)
バックサイドArガス流量:200mL/min(sccm)
成膜時間:120sec
処理容器内圧力を1173Paとした以外は実験2と同様の条件で第1段階の成膜を行った後、引き続き以下の条件でSb原料ガスおよびTe原料ガスを供給する第2段階の成膜を行ってGe-Sb-Te膜を形成した。
載置台温度:360℃
処理容器内圧力:1173Pa
Ge原料ガス流量:0mL/min(sccm)
SbキャリアArガス流量:20mL/min(sccm)
TeキャリアArガス流量:50mL/min(sccm)
希釈Arガス流量:500mL/min(sccm)
バックサイドArガス流量:200mL/min(sccm)
成膜時間:30sec
ここでは、第1段階の成膜におけるGe原料ガスとSb原料ガスの供給比率を変化させ、膜の組成と表面性状を把握した。載置台温度:360℃、処理容器内圧力:1213~1293Pa、 希釈Arガス流量:500mL/min(sccm)、バックサイドArガス流量:200mL/min(sccm)とし、Ge原料ガス流量およびSbキャリアArガス流量を以下のNo.1~7のように変化させた。
Ge原料ガス流量:800mL/min(sccm):ただしN2換算にて
SbキャリアArガス流量:20mL/min(sccm)
(SbキャリアArガス流量/Ge原料ガス流量)=0.025
成膜時間:120sec
No.2(実験2と同じ):
Ge原料ガス流量:550mL/min(sccm):ただしN2換算にて
SbキャリアArガス流量:20mL/min(sccm)
(SbキャリアArガス流量/Ge原料ガス流量)=0.036
成膜時間:240sec
No.3:
Ge原料ガス流量:550mL/min(sccm):ただしN2換算にて
SbキャリアArガス流量:30mL/min(sccm)
(SbキャリアArガス流量/Ge原料ガス流量)=0.055
成膜時間:180sec
No.4:
Ge原料ガス流量:550mL/min(sccm):ただしN2換算にて
SbキャリアArガス流量:40mL/min(sccm)
(SbキャリアArガス流量/Ge原料ガス流量)=0.072
成膜時間:120sec
No.5:
Ge原料ガス流量:550mL/min(sccm):ただしN2換算にて
SbキャリアArガス流量:100mL/min(sccm)
(SbキャリアArガス流量/Ge原料ガス流量)=0.18
成膜時間:240sec
No.6:
Ge原料ガス流量:200mL/min(sccm):ただしN2換算にて
SbキャリアArガス流量:50mL/min(sccm)
(SbキャリアArガス流量/Ge原料ガス流量)=0.25
成膜時間:240sec
No.7:
Ge原料ガス流量:200mL/min(sccm):ただしN2換算にて
SbキャリアArガス流量:100mL/min(sccm)
(SbキャリアArガス流量/Ge原料ガス流量)=0.50
成膜時間:240sec
No.1:Ge/Sb/Te=62/38/0(at%)
No.2:Ge/Sb/Te=61/39/0(at%)
No.3:Ge/Sb/Te=55/40/5(at%)
No.4:Ge/Sb/Te=57/43/0(at%)
No.5:Ge/Sb/Te=48/45/7(at%)
No.6:Ge/Sb/Te=34.8/55.9/9.3(at%)
No.7:Ge/Sb/Te=27.7/62.0/10.3(at%)
Claims (6)
- 気体状のGe原料と、気体状のSb原料と、気体状のTe原料とを用いてCVDにより基板上にGe2Sb2Te5となるGe-Sb-Te膜を成膜するGe-Sb-Te膜の成膜方法であって、
処理容器内に基板を配置することと、
気体状のGe原料および気体状のSb原料、または、それらに加えてGe2Sb2Te5が形成されない程度の少量の気体状のTe原料を前記処理容器内に導入して基板上に第1段階の成膜を行うことと、
気体状のSb原料および気体状のTe原料、または、それらに加えてGe2Sb2Te5が形成されない程度の少量の気体状のGe原料を前記処理容器内に導入して前記第1段階の成膜により得られた膜の上に第2段階の成膜を行うことと
を有し、
前記第1段階の成膜により得られた膜と、前記第2段階の成膜により得られた膜により、前記Ge-Sb-Te膜が得られる、Ge-Sb-Te膜の成膜方法。 - 前記第1段階の成膜において、気体状のTe原料を導入する場合に、得られた膜のTeの含有量が10at%未満になる程度の流量とする、請求項1に記載のGe-Sb-Te膜の成膜方法。
- 前記第1段階の成膜において、得られた膜の組成比Ge/Sbが原子数比で50/50~70/30となるか、またはGe原料の流量をx(mL/min(sccm))、Sb原料のキャリアArの流量をy(mL/min(sccm))とするとき、y/xが0.01~0.1となるように気体状のGe原料および気体状のSb原料を導入する、請求項1に記載のGe-Sb-Te膜の成膜方法。
- 前記第2段階の成膜は、前記第1段階の成膜と前記第2段階の成膜とで安定してGe2Sb2Te5が得られる組成となる流量比で気体状のSb原料および気体状のTe原料を供給する、請求項1に記載のGe-Sb-Te膜の成膜方法。
- 前記Ge原料、前記Sb原料、および前記Te原料は、いずれもアルキル基を含む化合物である、請求項1に記載のGe-Sb-Te膜の成膜方法。
- コンピュータ上で動作し、成膜装置を制御するプログラムが記憶された記憶媒体であって、
前記プログラムは、実行時に、気体状のGe原料と、気体状のSb原料と、気体状のTe原料とを用いてCVDにより基板上にGe2Sb2Te5となるGe-Sb-Te膜を成膜するGe-Sb-Te膜の成膜方法であって、処理容器内に基板を配置することと、気体状のGe原料および気体状のSb原料、または、それらに加えてGe2Sb2Te5が形成されない程度の少量の気体状のTe原料を前記処理容器内に導入して基板上に第1段階の成膜を行うことと、気体状のSb原料および気体状のTe原料、または、それらに加えてGe2Sb2Te5が形成されない程度の少量の気体状のGe原料を前記処理容器内に導入して前記第1段階の成膜により得られた膜の上に第2段階の成膜を行うこととを有し、前記第1段階の成膜により得られた膜と、前記第2段階の成膜により得られた膜により、前記Ge-Sb-Te膜が得られる、Ge-Sb-Te膜の成膜方法が行われるように、コンピュータに前記成膜装置を制御させる、記憶媒体。
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