WO2010142742A2

WO2010142742A2 - Component

Info

Publication number: WO2010142742A2
Application number: PCT/EP2010/058110
Authority: WO
Inventors: Andreas Weier; Ralf Schnelle; Eva Kohler
Original assignee: Sto Ag
Priority date: 2009-06-12
Filing date: 2010-06-09
Publication date: 2010-12-16
Also published as: DE102009025163A1; EP2440716A2; WO2010142742A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a component made of a multiphase material with a thermal conductivity λ < 2000 W/(m*K)5, preferably λ < 100 W/(m*K) or λ ≤ 50 W/(m*K). According to the invention, the material contains fibers, fiber bundles and/or fiber aggregates which allow the component to have a higher vapor permeability than an analogous component made of the same material but without fibers. Additionally, the invention relates to a part comprising such a component, and a composite heat insulation system comprising at least one such component.

Description

module

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a component of a multi-phase material having the features of the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a component and a thermal insulation composite system, wherein the component and the thermal insulation composite system each comprise such a component.

Background of the invention

Components, in particular plate-shaped components for on-site attachment and / or further processing, such as plaster base plates, thermal insulation boards and the like, are available on the market in large numbers and made of different materials available. The material for such a device is usually selected depending on the intended use of the device. For example, a structural member having a supporting function is usually made of a material having a high strength. By contrast, a component which can be used as a thermal insulation panel is preferably made of a material which has a low thermal conductivity. Components serve to form components, such as an outer wall, a ceiling or the like. Since components usually have to fulfill several functions in the same way, they often have a layered structure consisting of different components of different materials. At the same time, a modern component is expected to be "breathable" like modern functional clothing, that is, to allow some vapor diffusion along the thermodynamic gradient, usually from the inside to the outside, thus requiring every component of such a component to have This requirement is particularly difficult to meet if the component is made of a material which, on the one hand, permits vapor diffusion but, on the other hand, should prevent the ingress of water, since the component is suitable, for example, for use as a vapor diffusion material Facade element is provided in the outer area.

Such requirements are made, for example, to thermal insulation panels, which are usually made of a material having a microstructure having cavities, wherein the cavities are gas-filled. As an example here are rigid foam panels made of polystyrene, in particular extruded or expanded polystyrene, called. Such materials are usually not only water impermeable, but also have a high

Vapor diffusion resistance μ. If such a device used in the facade area, then it is necessary to provide sufficient ventilation of the device or the layer formed by the device so that from the inside to the outside diffusing water vapor, which condenses on colder boundary layers, transported away via the provided for ventilation air layer can be. However, an additionally provided air layer increases the respective component structure, so that valuable space is given away. In addition, such air layers in the respective connection areas are expensive to produce. State of the art

DE 100 07 774 A1, for example, discloses a thermal insulation panel of polystyrene (EPS / XPS) or polyurethane (PUR) with a water vapor diffusion coefficient μ <10. In order to achieve this value, it is proposed to provide the thermal insulation board with surface-distributed holes with a small diameter. The bore diameter is preferably between 1 and 5 mm and the spacing of the holes between them preferably between 10 and 100 mm. In this case, the thermal insulation value of the insulation board should be maintained substantially. To form the holes is also proposed to subsequently pierce the finished plates with hot pins (needles), so that there are welds and thus smooth surfaces of the borehole walls, which should be beneficial for the emission of water vapor.

The disadvantage, however, proves that the holes form capillary-active cavities and thus promote the ingress of water. However, a damp thermal insulation board has a much lower thermal insulation value than a dry thermal insulation board of the same material, because water conducts heat very well.

There is therefore a general interest in a device such as a thermal insulation board made of a material which counteracts the ingress of water while still allowing for sufficient vapor diffusion. It is an object of the present invention to provide such a device.

Disclosure of the invention

It is a component of a multi-phase material with a thermal conductivity λ <2000 W / (m * K), preferably λ <100 W / (m * K), continue preferably λ <50 W / (m * K) is proposed, wherein the material according to the invention contains fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates. The fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates contained in the multiphase material cause the component to have a higher vapor permeability than a corresponding component of the same material but no fiber portion. This effect is due to the fact that the fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates form another phase at their interfaces - both between the fibers and between the fibers and the surrounding material - cavities and / or cavity-crosslinking microstructures are formed, the facilitate vapor diffusion through the device. As a result, the vapor diffusion resistance coefficient μ of the component can be significantly reduced. However, the altered microstructure caused by the fiber fraction essentially has no influence on the further properties of the component, such as strength or thermal conductivity. The component according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for use in outdoor areas, for example as a facade element, thermal insulation or plaster base plate.

Experiments have shown that the vapor diffusion resistance μ could be reduced by 15 to 25% depending on the respective fiber content. In each case, the measured vapor diffusion resistance coefficient μ of a corresponding component made of the same material but without a fiber fraction was used as comparison value. Specific embodiments will be discussed in more detail below.

In the present case, the term "multi-phase material" is understood to mean a material which may comprise different substances of the same physical state, for example solid, or different states of aggregation, for example solid / gaseous the aggregates form a first phase and the binder phase at least one further phase. Preferably, the multiphase material containing the fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates is a polystyrene (PS) -based insulating material, further preferably based on expanded polystyrene (EPS) or extruded polystyrene (XPS), which has a gas-filled cell microstructure has. The fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates cause a connection of the gas-filled cells while maintaining the internal structure of the primary polymer and facilitate depending on the respective thermodynamic parameters, the vapor diffusion along the thermodynamic gradient through the device, so that a reduction in the vapor diffusion resistance coefficient μ at is ensured substantially constant low thermal conductivity and substantially constant high strength of the device. By preserving the structure of the primary polymer particles, voids are created only between the primary polymer particles to allow the desired vapor diffusion. In this case, these cavities or cavity networks do not form capillary-active cavities, that is, the penetration of surface water is still counteracted.

The multiphase material containing the fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates may alternatively also be a polyurethane (PU), polyisocyanurate (PIR) or phenolic resin (PH) based insulating material. The fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates thereby effect a microstructure which, depending on the respective thermodynamic parameters, facilitates vapor diffusion along the thermodynamic gradient through the component, so that a reduction of the vapor diffusion resistance coefficient μ is achieved with essentially constant low thermal conductivity and substantially more constant high strength of the device is ensured. Due to the fibers contained the vapor diffusion facilitating cavities or cavity networks created here, wherein the fiber content has essentially no effect on the other material properties here. In particular, no capillary-active cavities are formed, so that surface water is still unable to penetrate into the component.

Preferably, the fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates contain natural fibers, such as flax fibers, hemp fibers or wool, and / or synthetic synthetic fibers, such as polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, polyacrylonitrile, rubber or polypropylene, and / or silicate fibers, such as glass fibers, and / or or cellulosic synthetic fibers. In addition, the fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates may also contain fiber blends of various natural and / or synthetic fibers. Synthetic fibers have the advantage that they can be made up and precisely matched to the respective multiphase material. The most significant improvements in the vapor permeability of a device have therefore been achieved with the use of synthetic fibers.

Little influence on the vapor permeability has the orientation of the fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates within the device. The fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates can therefore be arranged in a directional or undirected arrangement in the component. However, a substantially uniformly distributed arrangement in the component has proved to be advantageous.

In order to achieve the desired result of increased vapor permeability, the fiber fraction based on the multiphase material is between 1 and 15% by weight, preferably between 3 and 10% by weight, more preferably between 5 and 8% by weight. A higher fiber content is usually associated with an undesirable lower strength of the device. Furthermore, a higher fiber content does not remain without influence on the other material characteristics, such as for example, the thermal insulation value. However, it is precisely these typical component material values that are to remain essentially unchanged.

Fibers whose length is between 0.02 mm and 500 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 100 mm, furthermore preferably between 5 mm and 85 mm, have proven to be advantageous. The thickness of the fibers can be between 0.01 μm and 1000 μm, preferably between 0.05 μm and 500 μm, furthermore preferably between 1 μm and 250 μm.

Advantageously, at least a portion of the fibers is also crimped. Hereby could be achieved in the context of experiments particularly good results.

An increased vapor permeability of the component is also beneficial if the fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates consist of hollow fibers or contain such. The fiber traversing cavity promotes vapor diffusion and also contributes to a better cross-linking of the cavities already present in the material. Thus, microstructures are formed which not only form cavities at the phase boundary surfaces but whose phase-forming constituents partly have cavities themselves.

The fibers contained in the multiphase material may have a round and / or an angular cross-sectional profile with respect to their outer shape, for example, if they are filled fibers. If hollow fibers are used, they can also have a round and / or angular cross-sectional profile with respect to the cross-sectional shape of the cavity. For example, an edged outer contour of the fiber has the advantage of having multiple such fibers Fiber bundles or fiber aggregates gussets remain, which in turn form the vapor diffusion facilitating cavities or allow networking of corresponding cavities.

A comparable effect can be achieved with fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates containing profile fibers. The profile is preferably designed in such a way that the fibers have profiling structures running substantially circumferentially in the longitudinal direction of the fiber. Here, "substantially in the longitudinal direction" is to be understood in such a way that this also helically to the outer circumference of the fiber pulling grooves and / or channels are understood.

In order to counteract the penetration of surface water into the component according to the invention, it is further proposed that at least part of the fibers is water-repellent or provided with a water-repellent coating. For example, coatings based on waxes are suitable for this purpose.

Alternatively or additionally, at least some of the fibers can also be provided with a protective coating, for example, increasing the alkali resistance of the fiber, and / or a coating which refines the surface of the fiber. When

Coating can be provided, for example, a finish or a size, in particular a size, based on silicon, organosilicon compounds and / or silanes. A coating of the fiber has the further advantage that its material properties with regard to the processing of

Fiber can be improved in the production of the device. Since a component according to the invention is suitable for the formation of components, such as, for example, inner or outer walls, ceilings and the like, a component comprising such a component is also proposed. In this case, a vapor diffusion-open component proves to be advantageous not only in the application as an external component. Even with an internal arrangement, an increased vapor permeability may be advantageous, for example, if it is provided for internal insulation of a component.

As an external insulating element, a component according to the invention may in particular also be part of a thermal insulation composite system. Accordingly, a composite thermal insulation system is further claimed with at least one device according to the invention.

Embodiments of the invention

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following exemplary embodiments. In all embodiments, it is in each case a thermal insulation board based on polystyrene, in this case based on expanded polystyrene (EPS). For the preparation, the fibers are mixed either with the original or already prefoamed expanded polystyrene particles and the mixture is welded in preferably non-gas-tight forms with impact of water vapor to moldings, which can optionally be cut and contoured. First experiments with appropriately prepared insulation boards have surprisingly shown that they have an increased vapor permeability, but at the same time their high strength and maintain low thermal conductivity. Depending on the respective fiber content and the nature of the fibers contained a cavities having microstructure is effected, the cavities are interconnected. However, no capillary-active cavities are formed, so that penetrating surface water is counteracted. At the same time, the structure of the primary polymer particles, that is the EPS particles, is retained.

First exemplary embodiment:

In the production of an expanded polystyrene (EPS) based thermal insulation board, polyester fibers were added to the prefoamed expanded polystyrene particles in the form of crimped hollow fibers, which had previously been given a siliconized size. Based on 100% by weight of polystyrene particles, 4% by weight of polyester fibers were added. The vapor diffusion resistance μ could be reduced by an average of 20% compared to a corresponding thermal insulation panel of the same material but without fiber content. The diffusion measurement was carried out in accordance with DIN EN 12086. The thermal conductivity λ of the thermal insulation board was not changed by the fiber content.

Second exemplary embodiment:

In the preparation of a corresponding thermal insulation panel based on expanded polystyrene (EPS) polyester fibers in the form of crimped hollow fibers were added to the prefoamed expanded polystyrene particles, which in turn have previously received a siliconized size. Based on 100 wt .-% polystyrene particles this time 7.6 wt .-% of said polyester fibers were added. The vapor diffusion resistance μ could thereby on average even by 25% compared to a corresponding thermal insulation board be reduced from the same material but without fiber content (again measured in accordance with DIN EN 12086). The thermal conductivity λ of the thermal insulation board was changed only insignificantly.

Claims

claims

1. component of a multiphase material with a thermal conductivity λ <2000 W / (m * K), preferably λ <100 W / (m * K) ₅ furthermore preferably λ <50 W / (m * K),

characterized in that the material contains fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates, which cause the device has a higher vapor permeability than a corresponding component of the same material but without fiber content.

2. Component according to claim 1,

characterized in that the multi-phase material containing fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates is a polystyrene (PS) based insulating material, preferably based on expanded polystyrene (EPS) or extruded polystyrene (XPS), which is a gas filled cell has exhibiting microstructure, wherein the fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates cause a compound of the gas-filled cells while maintaining the internal structure of the primary polymer and facilitate depending on the respective thermodynamic parameters, the vapor diffusion along the thermodynamic gradient through the device, so that a reduction the vapor diffusion resistance coefficient μ is ensured at substantially constant low thermal conductivity and substantially constant high strength of the component.

3. Component according to claim 1,

characterized in that the fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates containing, multiphase material is an insulating material based on polyurethane (PU) ₅ Polyisocyanurate (PIR) or phenolic resin (PH), wherein the fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates cause a micro structure which facilitates depending on the respective thermodynamic parameters, a vapor diffusion along the thermodynamic gradient through the device, so that a reduction of the vapor diffusion resistance coefficient μ is ensured at substantially constant low thermal conductivity and substantially constant high strength of the component.

4. Component according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that the fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates are natural fibers, such as flax fibers, hemp fibers or wool, and / or synthetic synthetic fibers, such as polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, polyacrylonitrile, rubber or polypropylene, and / or silicate fibers, such as glass fibers, and / or cellulosic synthetic fibers and / or fiber blends of various natural and / or synthetic fibers.

5. Component according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that the fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates are arranged in a directional or undirected arrangement and / or uniformly distributed in the component.

6. Component according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that the fiber content based on the multiphase material is between 1 and 15 wt .-%, preferably between 3 and 10 wt .-%, further preferably between 5 and 8 wt .-%.

7. Component according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that the length of the fibers is between 0.02 mm and 500 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 100 mm, more preferably between 5 mm and 85 mm.

8. Component according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that the thickness of the fibers is between 0.01 μm and 1000 μm, preferably between 0.05 μm and 500 μm, more preferably between 1 μm and 250 μm.

9. Component according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that at least a part of the fibers is crimped.

10. Component according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that the fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates consist of or contain hollow fibers.

11. Component according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that at least a part of the fibers has a round and / or an angular cross-sectional profile.

12. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibers, fiber bundles and / or fiber aggregates comprise profiled fibers which have profiling structures extending substantially in the longitudinal direction of the fiber.

13. Component according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that at least a part of the fibers is water-repellent or provided with a water-repellent coating.

14. Component according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that at least a part of the fibers is provided with a protective coating and / or a coating which refines the surface of the fiber, the coating preferably being a finish or a sizing agent.

15. Component comprising at least one component according to one of claims 1 to 14.

16. A thermal insulation composite system comprising at least one component according to one of claims 1 to 14.