WO2010140248A1 - 風力発電装置及びその制御方法並びに風力発電システム - Google Patents
風力発電装置及びその制御方法並びに風力発電システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010140248A1 WO2010140248A1 PCT/JP2009/060322 JP2009060322W WO2010140248A1 WO 2010140248 A1 WO2010140248 A1 WO 2010140248A1 JP 2009060322 W JP2009060322 W JP 2009060322W WO 2010140248 A1 WO2010140248 A1 WO 2010140248A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power supply
- supply unit
- power
- temperature
- voltage
- Prior art date
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
- F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
- F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
- H02P29/68—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive based on the temperature of a drive component or a semiconductor component
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/82—Forecasts
- F05B2260/821—Parameter estimation or prediction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/107—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/303—Temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/325—Air temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/337—Electrical grid status parameters, e.g. voltage, frequency or power demand
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wind power generation apparatus, a control method thereof, and a wind power generation system.
- a wind power generator that generates power using wind power, which is natural energy, is known.
- the wind power generator may be installed in a cold region where the outside air temperature is as low as about ⁇ 40 ° C.
- the temperature of the electrical equipment provided in the nacelle of the wind turbine generator decreases as the outside air temperature decreases.
- the electrical equipment in the nacelle is maintained at a predetermined temperature by a heater or the like. It has been proposed to compensate for the operation. JP 2003-288832 A
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a wind power generation apparatus, a control method thereof, and a wind power generation system that prevent damage to electrical devices when installed in a cold region.
- the present invention employs the following parts.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a power supply unit connected to an electric power system via a switch, and a system voltmeter side provided between the power supply unit and the electric power system for measuring the voltage of the electric power system And a temperature measurement unit for obtaining the ambient temperature of the power supply unit, and the measured value of the temperature measurement unit or the ambient temperature of the power supply unit estimated based on the measured value is a function of the power supply unit
- the switch is activated when the voltage measured by the system voltmeter side is smaller than a preset voltage threshold that is smaller than the first temperature threshold determined based on the guaranteed temperature. By doing so, the connection between the power supply unit and the power system is disconnected.
- the measured value of the temperature measurement unit or the ambient temperature of the power supply unit estimated based on the measured value is the power supply.
- the voltage of the power system that is smaller than the first temperature threshold determined based on the unit's function-guaranteed temperature and that is measured from the side of the system voltmeter provided between the power supply unit and the power system is the voltage threshold.
- a measured value of the temperature measurement unit or an ambient temperature of the power supply unit is determined based on a function-guaranteed temperature of the power supply unit In this case, the power supply unit and the power system may be connected.
- the power unit of the wind turbine generator may be provided in the nacelle, and the temperature measuring unit may be provided in the nacelle.
- the power supply unit of the wind turbine generator is provided in a nacelle, the temperature measurement unit is provided on an outer periphery of the nacelle, and an ambient temperature of the power supply unit is estimated based on a measurement value of the temperature measurement unit. It is also good to do.
- the ambient temperature of the power supply unit is estimated from the value measured by this temperature measuring device. Thereby, the ambient temperature of a power supply unit can be calculated
- the power supply unit is provided in a nacelle, the temperature measurement unit is provided on an outer periphery of the nacelle, a measurement value of the temperature measurement unit is smaller than the first temperature threshold, and The power supply unit may be disconnected from the power system when a state in which the voltage measured by the system voltmeter side is smaller than the voltage threshold value continues for a predetermined period.
- the warm-up operation is performed by the heater arranged in the nacelle, so the ambient temperature of the power supply unit and the temperature measurement outside the nacelle are measured. There will be a temperature difference from the measured value by the unit. Even in such a case, when the power supply to the power supply unit is cut off due to a power failure or the like, the heater stops operating, and the temperature in the nacelle, in other words, the ambient temperature of the power supply unit is the outside air temperature. Will gradually decrease. Therefore, as described above, after the occurrence of a power failure, in other words, it is determined whether or not a predetermined period has elapsed since the voltage measured by the system voltmeter side is smaller than the voltage threshold. Thus, the power supply unit and the power system can be disconnected in a state where the ambient temperature of the power supply unit is substantially the same as the first temperature threshold value.
- the wind turbine generator includes a power storage device that supplies power to the switch in a state where the connection between the power system and the power supply unit is disconnected, and the predetermined period is set based on a remaining capacity of the power storage device It may be done.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a wind power generation system including any one of the wind power generation devices described above and a switch that switches connection and disconnection between the wind power generation device and a power system.
- the switch that switches between connection and disconnection of the wind power generation apparatus including the power supply unit and the power system is provided, and the power supply unit that is estimated based on the measurement value of the temperature measurement unit or the measurement value
- the ambient temperature of the power system becomes smaller than the first temperature threshold, and the voltage of the power system measured from the side of the system voltmeter provided between the power supply unit and the power system becomes smaller than the voltage threshold
- the switch is activated, the connection between the wind power generator and the power system is disconnected.
- a voltage of the power system is measured between the power supply unit and the power system, an ambient temperature of the power supply unit is obtained, and a measured value of the ambient temperature of the power supply unit or the power supply unit is measured.
- the ambient temperature of the power supply unit estimated based on the measured value is smaller than a first temperature threshold value determined based on the function-guaranteed temperature of the power supply unit, and the voltage of the power system is lower than a predetermined voltage threshold value.
- the measured value of the ambient temperature of the power supply unit or the ambient temperature of the power supply unit estimated based on the measured value is smaller than the first temperature threshold, and the voltage of the power system is the voltage.
- the connection between the power supply unit and the power system is disconnected.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a wind power generation system 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the wind power generation system 1 includes a wind power generation device 2 and a switch 3.
- the wind power generator 2 is connected to the switch 3 via the power supply line 25, and the switch 3 and the power system 10 are connected to each other via a transformer (not shown).
- the switch 3 switches connection and disconnection between the wind power generator 2 and the power system 10. When the switch 3 is in the closed state, the wind power generator 2 and the power system 10 are connected, and when the switch 3 is in the open state, the wind power generator 2 and the power system 10 are disconnected.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the wind turbine generator 2 according to the present embodiment.
- the wind turbine generator 2 includes a column 7, a nacelle 6 installed at the upper end of the column 7, and a rotor head 4 provided on the nacelle 6 so as to be rotatable around a substantially horizontal axis.
- Three windmill blades 5 are attached to the rotor head 4 radially around its rotational axis.
- the force of the wind striking the wind turbine blade 5 from the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor head 4 is converted into power for rotating the rotor head 4 around the rotation axis, and this power is converted into electric energy by the generator. It has become.
- the wind turbine generator 2 includes a temperature measuring unit 21 on the outer periphery of the nacelle 6, and includes a control unit 22, a power supply unit 23, and a power storage device 24 inside the nacelle 6.
- the power supply unit 23 and the switch 3 are connected via a power supply line 25, and a system voltage measurement unit 26 is provided on the power supply line 25 path in the support column 7.
- the temperature measuring unit 21 measures the temperature at the mounting position in order to obtain the ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23. Specifically, the temperature measurement unit 21 is attached to the outer periphery of the nacelle 6, measures the outside air temperature at this attachment position, and outputs the measured outside air temperature to the control unit 22. The outside air temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit 21 is used by the control unit 22 to estimate the ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23.
- the temperature measurement part 21 is good also as using the apparatus which performs the temperature measurement currently installed in the outer periphery of the nacelle for the other purpose in the existing wind power generator, and is good also as providing newly.
- the power storage device 24 is configured to be supplied with power generated by the power generated by the rotation of the rotor head 4 and the power system 10.
- the power storage device 24 supplies power to these devices when a power failure or the like occurs and sufficient power is not supplied to the control unit 22 and other auxiliary machines (for example, an electromagnetic relay).
- the electric power of the power storage device 24 is used to light an open / close lamp provided in the switch 3 or used as drive power to an electromagnetic relay for opening / closing the switch 3.
- the system voltage measurement unit 26 detects the voltage on the power system 10 side on the path of the power supply line 25 and outputs the result to the control unit 22.
- the power supply unit 23 supplies the power generated by the power generation to the power system 10 and the devices in the nacelle 6. In addition, power is supplied from the power system 10 to the power supply unit 23 via the power supply line 25.
- the control unit 22 transmits “open (open state)” and “closed (closed state)” to the switch 3 based on the respective measurement results acquired from the temperature measurement unit 21 and the system voltage measurement unit 26. Command signal is transmitted to the switch 3. Thereby, the control part 22 can control the switch 3 based on the measurement result of the temperature measurement part 21 and the system voltage measurement part 26.
- the ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23 provided in the nacelle 6 is determined from the outside air temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit 21 provided on the outer periphery of the nacelle 6. Presumed. For example, when it is set that the temperature of the power supply unit 23 is considered to be +5 degrees higher than the outside air temperature, the control unit 22 adds +5 degrees to the outside temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit 21. Thus, the ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23 is estimated.
- the control unit 22 determines whether or not the estimated ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23 is smaller than a first temperature threshold that is determined based on the function-guaranteed temperature of the power supply unit 23.
- the first temperature threshold value may be set to a function guarantee temperature, or may be set to a value obtained by adding a slight margin to the function guarantee temperature. This value can be arbitrarily set based on the function guarantee temperature.
- the control unit 22 sends an “open” command signal to the switch 3 to make the switch 3 open.
- the opening control of the switch 3 may be automatically performed by, for example, power supply from the power storage device 24 arranged in the nacelle 6, or, for example, a field worker visits the site.
- the switch 3 may be manually closed.
- the power supply unit 23 is disconnected from the power system 10 to It is possible to prevent a voltage from being applied to the power supply unit 23 due to the power recovery of the power system 10 when the temperature 23 is below the function guarantee temperature. As a result, it is possible to prevent the power supply unit 23 from being damaged by applying a voltage at a temperature other than the function guarantee temperature.
- the power supply unit 23 is less affected by power recovery. For example, when the power outage state is maintained for a predetermined period, The switch 3 may be opened. Accordingly, frequent switching control of the switch 3 due to temporary power reduction or the like can be prevented, and the switching control of the switch 3 can be stabilized.
- the control unit 22 estimates the ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23 from the outside air temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit 21, and the estimated ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23 is determined from the function-guaranteed temperature of the power supply unit 23. It is determined whether it is above.
- the second temperature threshold is a temperature for determining that the temperature of the power supply unit 23 is equal to or higher than the function-guaranteed temperature, and is set to a value equal to or greater than the first temperature threshold described above, for example. ing.
- the control unit 22 outputs a “close” command for closing the switch 3. Thereby, the switch 3 is changed from the open state to the closed state, and the power supply unit 23 and the power system 10 are connected.
- the switch 3 is closed, so that the power supply unit 23 is in a state where the temperature of the power supply unit 23 is within the function-guaranteed temperature. And the power system 10 can be reliably connected.
- the power system 10 when the temperature of the power supply unit 23 is not higher than the function guarantee temperature, the power system 10. Can be prevented from being applied to the power supply unit 23 by recovering from the power failure. As a result, it is possible to prevent the power supply unit 23 from being damaged by applying a voltage at a temperature other than the function guarantee temperature.
- the switch 3 since the switch 3 is closed when the estimated ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23 is equal to or higher than the second temperature threshold, the power supply unit 23 and the power system are in a state where the temperature of the power supply unit 23 is within the function guarantee temperature. 10 can be reliably connected.
- the ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23 is estimated by adding a predetermined temperature (for example, 5 degrees) to the measurement value of the temperature measurement unit 21 installed on the outer periphery of the nacelle 6.
- a predetermined temperature for example, 5 degrees
- the method for estimating the ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23 from the outside air temperature is not limited to this method.
- the ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23 may be estimated from the outside air temperature using a predetermined arithmetic expression having parameters. Thereby, the estimation accuracy of the ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23 can be increased.
- the installation position of the temperature measurement unit 21 may be set in the nacelle 6. This makes it possible to measure the temperature of the power supply unit 23 with higher accuracy than attaching the temperature measurement unit 21 to the outer periphery of the nacelle 6. Accordingly, it is possible to cope with a case where the temperature relationship between the outside air temperature and the temperature in the nacelle 6 changes.
- the temperature measurement unit 21 may be attached to the power supply unit 23.
- the temperature of the power supply unit 23 itself can be measured, and therefore, the first temperature threshold is set to the limit temperature within the allowable range in which the function of the power supply unit 23 is guaranteed (for example, the minimum temperature at which the function is guaranteed). Can do.
- the power supply unit 23 can be used up to the temperature limit at which the function is guaranteed.
- the wind power generation system 1 has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment described above, but the method for determining the switching control of the switch 3 by the control unit 22 is different. Specifically, in the above-described first embodiment, the ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23 is estimated from the outside air temperature, and this estimated ambient temperature is compared with the first temperature threshold value. Whether the switch 3 is opened or closed is determined by directly comparing the temperature with the first temperature threshold value.
- the opening / closing determination process of the switch 3 executed by the control unit 22 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the control unit 22 determines whether or not the outside air temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit 21 provided on the outer periphery of the nacelle 6 is smaller than a first temperature threshold value determined based on the function guarantee temperature of the power supply unit 23. (Step SA1 in FIG. 3).
- step SA1 in FIG. 3 the electric power system acquired from the system voltage measuring unit 26 It is determined whether or not the voltage of 10 is smaller than the voltage threshold (step SA2 in FIG. 3). Thereby, it is determined whether or not a power failure has occurred.
- the control unit 22 has an outside air temperature smaller than the first temperature threshold and the voltage of the power system 10 is smaller than the voltage threshold. It is determined whether or not the state has been maintained for a predetermined period.
- the ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23 is not estimated from the outside air temperature, but a state in which the outside air temperature is lower than the first temperature threshold has elapsed for a predetermined period. In this case, it is assumed that the outside air temperature and the ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23 coincide with each other.
- the heater in the nacelle 6 is operated to warm up the air.
- the temperature fall of the power supply unit 23 can be suppressed, for example, when the power supply to the heater is cut off due to a power failure, the temperature of the power supply unit 23 gradually decreases. It falls to the outside temperature.
- the predetermined period can be said to be the time required for the ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23 to decrease and reach the outside temperature, for example.
- step SA3 If it is determined in step SA3 that the outside air temperature is lower than the first temperature threshold and the state where the voltage of the power system 10 is lower than the voltage threshold is maintained for a predetermined period, the controller 22 switches the switch 3 In response to this, an “open” command signal is sent to open the switch 3 (step SA4).
- step SA1 to step SA3 if any of the conditions is not satisfied, the process returns to step SA1 and the above determination is repeatedly performed at a predetermined interval.
- the control unit 22 determines whether or not the outside air temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit 21 is equal to or higher than a second temperature threshold value determined from the function-guaranteed temperature of the power supply unit 23. At this time, since the warm-up by the heater has already been stopped, the outside air temperature and the temperature of the power supply unit 23 can be handled as the same value. Accordingly, it is possible to proceed with the determination process by regarding the outside air temperature as the ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23.
- step SB1 when the outside air temperature is equal to or higher than the second temperature threshold, the control unit 22 outputs a “close” command to close the switch 3. Thereby, the switch 3 is changed from the open state to the closed state, and the power supply unit 23 and the power system 10 are connected.
- the ambient temperature of the power supply unit 23 is not estimated, but the temperature installed on the outer periphery of the nacelle 6.
- the opening / closing control of the switch 3 is performed using the outside air temperature measured by the measuring unit 21 as it is.
- the switch 3 is It may be in an open state.
- the difference between the two becomes larger than that in the above example, but even in that case, the temperature of the power supply unit 23 does not fall below the outside air temperature. Since there are almost no, it is still possible to prevent the voltage application in the state below the function guarantee temperature of the power supply unit 23.
- the opening and closing of the switch 3 may be manually performed by a field worker, or may be automatically performed by power supply from the power storage device 24 arranged in the nacelle 6.
- the switch 3 is automatically controlled by supplying power from the power storage device 24, the power necessary for opening and closing the switch 3 needs to be stored in the power storage device 24. That is, in the present embodiment, power is supplied from the power storage device 24 to the switch 3 in a state where a power failure occurs and the power supply from the power system 10 is interrupted. Therefore, the remaining capacity of the power storage device 24 is rapidly reduced to a boundary when a power failure occurs (e.g., see t 4 from time t 3 in FIG. 5).
- the predetermined period of step SA3 in FIG. 3 is determined based on the remaining capacity of the power storage device 24. It is preferable.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing changes in the outside air temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit 21 and the state of devices and the like that operate in association therewith.
- the first temperature threshold is set to ⁇ 30 degrees
- the second temperature threshold is set to ⁇ 25 degrees.
- a description will be given of a case where the control for opening the switch 3 is performed by supplying power from the power storage device 24 and the control for setting the switch 3 closed is manually performed by a field worker. .
- the temperature is gradually decreased from time t 1 in FIG. 5, for example, at a -25 degrees, the operation of the generator is stopped. Furthermore, the temperature is lowered, the outside air temperature is less than -30 degrees in the time t 2, the it is judged as "YES" in the processing of step SA1 of FIG. 3 in the control unit 22. Further, when the outside air temperature becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, the heater in the nacelle 6 is operated, and warming in the nacelle 6 is performed.
- step SA2 of FIG. 10 the voltage is the voltage threshold of the electric power system 10 (e.g., 0 volts) becomes smaller than the Then, “YES” is determined in the process of step SA2 of FIG.
- the power supply to the heater is interrupted due to the occurrence of a power failure or the like.
- power is supplied to the switch 3 from the power storage device 24 provided as an alternative power source. Thereby, the remaining capacity of the power storage device 24 decreases with time.
- the outside air temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature, and, when the voltage of the power system 10 is the state of less than the voltage threshold is determined to have been maintained for a predetermined time period, step SA3 of FIG. 3 in the control unit 22 In this process, “YES” is determined, and an “open” command signal for opening the switch 3 is output from the control unit 22 to the switch 3.
- the predetermined period at this time is set to a range in which the remaining capacity of the power storage device 24 does not become equal to or less than the remaining capacity corresponding to the power necessary for performing the switching control of the switch 3.
- the switch 3 When the switch 3 acquires the “open” command signal, the switch 3 receives power supply from the power storage device 24 and enters the open state. When the switch 3 is in an open state and power supply to the switch 3 becomes unnecessary, the discharge to the switch 3 is stopped and the power storage device 24 is in a spontaneous discharge state. In this state, the power system 10 to power recovery at time t 5 in FIG. 5, also begins to rise also the outside air temperature and a -25 degrees at time t 6, the steps of FIG. 4 in the control unit 22 In SB 1, “YES” is determined, and a “close” command signal for closing the switch 3 is output from the control unit 22 to the switch 3. As a result, the switch 3 is closed, and the power unit 23 and the power system 10 are connected.
- Step SB4 When the power supply from the power system 10 is resumed, the heater in the nacelle 6 is activated, and the warm-up operation is resumed (step SB4 in FIG. 4). And if the electric equipment arrange
- predetermined temperature for example, function guarantee temperature of each apparatus
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Abstract
Description
従って、上述のように、停電が発生してから、換言すると、系統電圧計側部によって計測される電圧が前記電圧閾値よりも小さい状態となってから所定期間経過したか否かを判定することにより、電源ユニットの周囲温度が第1温度閾値と略同値となった状態で、電源ユニットと電力系統とを切り離すことが可能となる。
2 風力発電装置
3 開閉器
21 温度計測部
22 制御部
23 電源ユニット
24 蓄電装置
25 電力供給ライン
26 系統電圧計測部
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る風力発電システム1の全体構成を示した図である。風力発電システム1は、風力発電装置2と開閉器3とを備えて構成されている。また、風力発電装置2は電力供給ライン25を介して開閉器3と接続され、さらに開閉器3と電力系統10とが図示しない変圧器等を介して接続されている。
風力発電装置2は、図2に示されるように、支柱7と、支柱7の上端に設置されるナセル6と、略水平な軸線周りに回転可能にしてナセル6に設けられるロータヘッド4とを有している。ロータヘッド4には、その回転軸線周りに放射状に3枚の風車ブレード5が取り付けられている。これにより、ロータヘッド4の回転軸線方向から風車ブレード5に当たった風の力が、ロータヘッド4を回転軸線周りに回転させる動力に変換され、この動力が発電機によって電気エネルギーに変換されるようになっている。
蓄電装置24は、停電等が生じることにより、制御部22やその他の補機(例えば、電磁リレー等)に十分な電力が供給されなくなった場合に、これらの機器に電力を供給する。具体的には、蓄電装置24の電力は、開閉器3に備えられる開閉ランプを点灯させるために用いられたり、開閉器3を開閉させるための電磁リレーへの駆動電力として用いられたりする。
温度計測部21と電源ユニット23とが設けられる位置は異なるため、ナセル6の外周に設けられた温度計測部21で計測される外気温度からナセル6内部に設けられた電源ユニット23の周囲温度が推定される。例えば、電源ユニット23の温度は、外気温度よりも+5度高いとみなすとの設定がされていた場合には、制御部22は、温度計測部21によって計測された外気温度に+5度加算することにより、電源ユニット23の周辺温度を推定する。
ここで、開閉器3の開制御については、例えば、ナセル6内に配置されている蓄電装置24からの電力供給により自動的に行われることとしてもよいし、例えば、現場作業員が現場に赴き、開閉器3を手動で閉状態とさせることとしてもよい。
制御部22は、温度計測部21によって計測された外気温度から電源ユニット23の周辺温度を推定し、この電源ユニット23の推定周辺温度が電源ユニット23の機能保証温度から決定される第2温度閾値以上であるか否かを判定する。ここで、第2温度閾値は、電源ユニット23の温度が機能保証温度以上であることを判定するための温度であり、例えば、上述した第1温度閾値と同値又はそれよりも大きい値に設定されている。この結果、電源ユニット23の推定周辺温度が第2温度閾値以上であった場合には、制御部22は、開閉器3を閉状態にさせる「閉」指令を出力する。これにより、開閉器3が開状態から閉状態とされ、電源ユニット23と電力系統10とが接続される。
次に、本発明の第2の実施形態に係る風力発電装置2及びその制御方法並びに風力発電システムについて説明する。
本実施形態に係る風力発電システム1は、上述した第1の実施形態と同様の構成を備えるが、制御部22による開閉器3の開閉制御の判断手法処理が異なる。具体的には、上述した第1の実施形態では、外気温度から電源ユニット23の周囲温度を推定し、この推定周囲温度と第1温度閾値とを比較していたが、本実施形態では、外気温度をそのまま第1温度閾値と比較することにより、開閉器3の開閉判断を行うこととしている。
以下、制御部22によって実行される開閉器3の開閉判断処理について図3及び図4を参照して説明する。
制御部22は、ナセル6の外周に設けられた温度計測部21で計測される外気温度が電源ユニット23の機能保証温度に基づいて決定される第1温度閾値よりも小さいか否かを判定する(図3のステップSA1)。
本実施形態においては、上述した第1の実施形態のように、外気温度から電源ユニット23の周辺温度を推定するのではなく、外気温度が第1温度閾値よりも低下した状態が所定の期間経過したときに、外気温度と電源ユニット23の周辺温度とが一致したとみなすこととしている。
制御部22は、温度計測部21によって計測された外気温度が電源ユニット23の機能保証温度から決定される第2温度閾値以上であるか否かを判定する。なお、この時点では、すでにヒータによる暖機が停止されているため、外気温度と電源ユニット23の温度とを同値として取り扱うことができる。従って、外気温度を電源ユニット23の周辺温度とみなして判断処理を進めることが可能である。
このような状態で、図5の時刻t5において電力系統10が復電し、また、外気温度についても上昇し始め、時刻t6において-25度以上となると、制御部22における図4のステップSB1において「YES」と判断され、制御部22から開閉器3を閉状態にする「閉」指令信号が開閉器3に出力される。これにより、開閉器3は閉状態となり、電力ユニット23と電力系統10とが接続される。
Claims (8)
- 開閉器を介して電力系統と接続される電源ユニットと、
前記電源ユニットと前記電力系統との間に設けられ、前記電力系統の電圧を測定する系統電圧計側部と、
前記電源ユニットの周囲温度を求めるための温度計測部とを具備し、
前記温度計測部の計測値または該計測値に基づいて推定された前記電源ユニットの周囲温度が前記電源ユニットの機能保証温度に基づいて決定される第1温度閾値よりも小さく、かつ、前記系統電圧計側部によって計測される電圧が予め設定されている電圧閾値よりも小さくなった場合に、前記開閉器が作動することにより該電源ユニットと前記電力系統との接続が切り離される風力発電装置。 - 前記電源ユニットと前記電力系統との接続が切り離されている状態において、前記温度計測部の計測値または前記電源ユニットの周囲温度が前記電源ユニットの機能保証温度に基づいて決定される第2温度閾値以上となった場合に、前記電源ユニットと前記電力系統とが接続される請求項1に記載の風力発電装置。
- 前記電源ユニットはナセル内に設けられ、
前記温度計測部は、前記ナセル内部に設けられる請求項1または請求項2に記載の風力発電装置。 - 前記電源ユニットはナセル内に設けられ、
前記温度計測部は、前記ナセルの外周に設けられており、
前記温度計測部の計測値に基づいて前記電源ユニットの周囲温度が推定される請求項1または請求項2に記載の風力発電装置。 - 前記電源ユニットはナセル内に設けられ、
前記温度計測部は、前記ナセルの外周に設けられており、
前記温度計測部の計測値が前記第1温度閾値よりも小さく、かつ、前記系統電圧計側部によって計測される電圧が予め設定されている電圧閾値よりも小さい状態が、所定期間継続した場合に、前記電源ユニットが前記電力系統から切り離される請求項1または請求項2に記載の風力発電装置。 - 前記電力系統と前記電源ユニットとの接続が切り離された状態において前記開閉器に電力を供給する蓄電装置を備え、前記所定期間は、前記蓄電装置の残容量に基づいて設定される請求項5に記載の風力発電装置。
- 請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の風力発電装置と、
該風力発電装置と電力系統との接続と非接続とを切り替える開閉器とを備える風力発電システム。 - 前記電源ユニットと前記電力系統との間において、前記電力系統の電圧を測定し、
前記電源ユニットの周囲温度を求め、
前記電源ユニットの周囲温度の計測値または該計測値に基づいて推定された前記電源ユニットの周囲温度が前記電源ユニットの機能保証温度に基づいて決定される第1温度閾値よりも小さく、かつ、前記電力系統の電圧が既定の電圧閾値よりも小さくなった場合に、前記電源ユニットと前記電力系統との接続が切り離される風力発電装置の制御方法。
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KR1020107020014A KR101195684B1 (ko) | 2009-06-05 | 2009-06-05 | 풍력 발전 장치 및 그 제어 방법 및 풍력 발전 시스템 |
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CA2714855A CA2714855A1 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2009-06-05 | Wind turbine generator, method of controlling the same, and wind turbine generating system |
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EP09753003.4A EP2439405B1 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2009-06-05 | Wind power generator and control method thereof and wind power generation system |
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