WO2010138086A2 - Solar energy collecting and transforming apparatus - Google Patents

Solar energy collecting and transforming apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010138086A2
WO2010138086A2 PCT/SI2010/000028 SI2010000028W WO2010138086A2 WO 2010138086 A2 WO2010138086 A2 WO 2010138086A2 SI 2010000028 W SI2010000028 W SI 2010000028W WO 2010138086 A2 WO2010138086 A2 WO 2010138086A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic
cells
solar energy
area
sun rays
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SI2010/000028
Other languages
French (fr)
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WO2010138086A3 (en
Inventor
Igor Hrovatic
Original Assignee
Igor Hrovatic
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Igor Hrovatic filed Critical Igor Hrovatic
Publication of WO2010138086A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010138086A2/en
Publication of WO2010138086A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010138086A3/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/84—Reflective elements inside solar collector casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2025/01—Special support components; Methods of use
    • F24S2025/011—Arrangements for mounting elements inside solar collectors; Spacers inside solar collectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

  • the invention refers to a solar energy collecting apparatus, which is intended for collecting and then transforming such energy into another form.
  • the purpose of the invention is to improve a solar energy collecting and converting apparatus, which is also known to those skilled in the art as a photovoltaic collecting panel and is generally intended for collecting solar energy and transforming thereof into electricity, in order to increase the yield, namely the energetic efficiency.
  • a hybrid photovoltaic collecting apparatus is proposed in US 2008302357, which comprises photovoltaic cells, which are arranged along the surface and in which the solar energy is concerted into electricity, and moreover a heat exchanger, which is arranged behind the cells in adjacency thereof and contains a circulating media, by which the heat is transferred from the area of said cells towards appropriate heat sink, where said media is cooled in order to be returned back to the area of said cells. Thanks to transferring the heat from the area of cells, the energetic efficiency of transforming solar energy in electricity may be essentially increased, since said efficiency is otherwise by increasing temperature in the area of cells essentially decreased. Thanks to said cooling of the cells, it can be essentially increased, while the heat obtained by cooling also represents an essential portion of energy, which should otherwise be lost.
  • each photovoltaic cell is usually available in the form of octagon, namely a square with removed corner areas, which results from manufacturing such cells.
  • numerous photovoltaic inactive areas remain among said cells, which areas are located on the sunny side of the apparatus and are exposed to sun rays but are unable to transform the solar energy into electricity.
  • Said photovoltaic inactive areas represent an essential portion of the complete surface of such solar energy collecting apparatus, in which a part of the solar energy is reflected and the rest is absorbed and converted into heat energy, which leads to still additionally increasing temperature in the area of adjacent photovoltaic cells, which results in decreasing of efficiency and requires still more intensively cooling.
  • the invention refers to a solar energy collecting and transforming apparatus, comprising a set of photovoltaic cells intended for transforming of solar energy directly into electricity, wherein each cell comprises on its sunny side, which is faced towards the sun, a photovoltaic active area, while between each two neighboring photovoltaic cells at least one photovoltaic inactive area is available, in which the solar energy cannot be transformed directly into electricity.
  • Said photovoltaic cells are mounted within a housing, which is available in the form of frame having at least one light permeable wall, in particular a glass sheet, arranged on the front side i.e.
  • a heat exchanger is mounted adjacent to said photovoltaic cells and is firmly interconnected with said set of photovoltaic cells and intended for transferring thermal energy from the area of said photovoltaic cells to the heat transferring media circulating within said heat exchanger.
  • the glass sheet is located at a distance apart from the set of photovoltaic cells and in each photovoltaic inactive area among each neighboring photovoltaic active areas on the sunny side of said apparatus a re-directing means adapted for transferring light beams from each relevant photovoltaic inactive area towards adjacent photovoltaic active areas is foreseen, wherein the shape and the size of such re-directing means are determined in accordance with the shape and the size of each relevant photovoltaic inactive area, in which it is located, and wherein on the opposite rear side of the frame of said collecting apparatus, which is faced apart from the intake of sun rays, at least one thermal insulating layer is available.
  • Each sun rays re-directing means simultaneously represents a spacer, by which the glass sheet and the set of photovoltaic cells are firmly interconnected.
  • each sun rays re-directing means is on the one hand via an adhesive layer firmly interconnected with the glass sheet and on the other hand via an adhesive layer with a light permeable film, by which each photovoltaic cell is coated and herewith via an adhesive layer firmly connected thereto.
  • said re-directing means comprises mirror surfaces, which are adapted for re-directing of sun rays directed thereto towards each neighboring photovoltaic active areas of cells.
  • said re-directing means are possible. Consequently, at least one mirror surface of the redirecting means may be planar, concave or convex.
  • the re-directing means consists of a light permeable material, so that re-directing of sun rays directed thereto towards each neighboring photovoltaic active areas of cells is performed by means of refraction of sun rays within said re-directing means.
  • said heat exchanger forms at least one closed circuit with appropriate heat transferring media circulating therein for the purposes of transferring thermal energy from the area of solar cells towards each desired area outside of the frame of the apparatus, namely for the purposes of heating rooms or sanitary water, represents at least one closed hydraulic circuit.
  • Fig. 1 is a transversal cross-section through the solar energy collecting and transforming apparatus according to the invention, when ready for operation;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematically shown perspective view of cells of the apparatus according to Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of cells according to Fig. 2.
  • a solar energy collecting and transforming apparatus a cross-section of which shown in Fig. 1, is generally designed as an assembly, which is shaped as a flat plate-like parallelepiped and is resistant against all weather conditions with the exception of sun rays, comprising thereby a frame 1, in which a glass sheet 12 is mounted on the sunny side 11, while on the opposite rear side 13 at least one thermal insulating layer 14 is foreseen.
  • Each available set 2 of co-planar, namely in the same plane located photovoltaic cells 2', 2" is arranged in a co-planar manner and apart of said glass sheet 12.
  • the surface of each cell 2', 2" represents a photovoltaic active area 21, while each cutout i.e. each interruption among said cells 2', 2" represents a photovoltaic inactive area 20.
  • said set 2 of photovoltaic cells 2', 2" is on its sunny side exposed to sun rays and is coated with a transparent i.e. light permeable film 22, which is attached to said cells 2', 2" by means of an adhesive layer 26. Moreover, on the rear side faced apart from sun rays, said set 2 of solar cells 2', 2" is coated with an insulating film 24, which is attached to the cells 2', 2" by means of an adhesive layer 25.
  • the purpose of said films 22, 24 is to prevent the cells 2', 2" from conducting electricity and also to protect the cells 2', 2" against the moisture.
  • a heat exchanger 3 is foreseen on the apart from sun rays facing rear side of said set 2 of solar cells 2', 2", comprising thereby at least one closed circuit 31, which contains appropriate liquid media, so that by means of said heat exchanger 3 the heat may be transferred from the area of set 2 of photovoltaic cells 2', 2" to each media, which is contained i.e. is flowing within each circuit 31, by which the heat is transferred from the area of said cells 2', 2" into each corresponding heated area, which is located outside of said frame 1 of the assembly.
  • said media is supplied into the heat exchanger 3 arranged within said frame 1 adjacent to said cells 2', 2", and also removed there-from via appropriate hydraulic connector 32, to which said circuit 31 is connected.
  • the heat exchanger 3 is attached by means of appropriate adhesive layer 33 onto said insulating film 24 on the rear side of the cells 2', 2", so that said film 24 prevents not only electric contact between the cells 2', 2" and the heat exchanger 3 but also prevents the cells 2', 2" from being exposed to the moisture, which may condense on the heat exchanger 3.
  • At the same time, at least one thermal insulating layer 14 is foreseen within said frame 1, by means of which said heat exchanger 3 is thermally insulated against the circumference of the collecting apparatus and the frame 1 thereof, by which the thermal losses are avoided with a clear purpose, namely to transfer the heat from the area of cells 2', 2" by means of each media which is available within said circuit 31 of the heat exchanger 3 to each appropriate location outside of the collecting apparatus, where said heat may be exploited in an useful manner, e.g. for the purposes of heating of each interior of buildings or of sanitary water or also for any other desired purpose.
  • collecting apparatus allows achieving a double effect, wherein firstly thanks to said heat exchanger 3 and media contained therein the heat is transferred from the area of cells 2', 2", by which the cells 2', 2" are prevented from increased temperature, by which a desired efficiency of transforming solar energy into electricity is maintained, and secondly, said sufficient heat is transferred from the area of cells 2', 2" into each desired area outside of the apparatus i.e. outside its frame 1 in order to assure an efficient exploitation of said sufficient heat in appropriate manner.
  • the present invention enables avoiding corresponding energy losses, which result from the presence of photovoltaic inactive areas 20 among the cells 2', 2".
  • appropriate re-directing means 4 are foreseen in said inactive photovoltaic areas 20, by means of which all light rays, which intake to such photovoltaic inactive areas 20, are re-directed to each adjacent photovoltaic active areas 21.
  • the photovoltaic cells 2', 2" are shaped in the form of octagons, which represent photovoltaic active areas 21 , in which the light energy of light rays, which intake towards said photovoltaic active areas 21, is converted directly into electricity.
  • octagonal active areas 21 represent photovoltaic active areas 21 , in which the light energy of light rays, which intake towards said photovoltaic active areas 21, is converted directly into electricity.
  • appropriate tetragonal photovoltaic inactive areas 20 are available, in particular in the form of square.
  • a re-directing means 4 in form of a truncated quadrilateral pyramid having the base adapted to the silhouette and the surface of each inactive area 20, is placed into each of said inactive areas 20, then by means of such ref-directing means 4 the light beams re-directed towards each neighboring photovoltaic active areas 21 on cells 2', 2". Consequently, in said photovoltaic active areas 21 also such portion of solar energy is converted directly to the electricity, which would otherwise due to the presence of said inactive areas 20 be lost or eventually collected just as thermal energy.
  • each re-directing means 4 is attached on the one hand by means of appropriate adhesive layer 44 to the glass sheet 12 and on the other hand by means of another adhesive layer 45 to the transparent film 22, by which the photovoltaic cells 2', 2" are coated. Consequently, each re-directing means 4, which is simultaneously used as a spacer, is inserted between the glass sheet 12 which is mounted within the frame 1, and the set 2 of photovoltaic cells 2', 2" which is via insulating film 24 and adhesive layers 25, 33 firmly interconnected with said heat exchanger 3.
  • re-directing means 4 are shown in the embodiment according to Figs. 2 and 3, by which the disposable outer surfaces are furnished with mirrors 41, 42, 43.
  • said reflector may be furnished with mirror surfaces 41, 42, 43, which are available either as plane or convex or concave surfaces.
  • said re-directing means 4 is adapted for re-directing the light rays towards each photovoltaic areas 21 on the basis of reflection, by which said re-directing means 4 may generally be light impermeable and furnished with outwardly arranged mirror surfaces 41, 42, 43.
  • said re-directing means 4 may also be adapted for re-directiOn of light beams on the basis of refraction.
  • said re-directing means 4 consists of at least partially light permeable material and is designed in such a manner that the light rays, which intake to the surfaces 41, 42, 43, are then within the re-directing means 4 redirected towards each neighboring photovoltaic active areas 21.

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Abstract

A solar energy collecting and converting apparatus, which is also known to those skilled in the art as a photovoltaic collecting panel and is generally intended for collecting solar energy and transforming thereof into electricity, in accordance with the present invention enables essentially increasing of the yield, namely the energetic efficiency. The solar energy collecting and transforming apparatus according to the invention comprises a set (2) of photovoltaic cells (2', 2"), which are intended to transform solar energy directly into electric energy. Each cell (2', 2") comprises a photovoltaic active surface (21), which is faced towards sun rays, while between each two neighboring cells (2', 2") there is a photovoltaic inactive surface (20), in which said conversion of solar energy into electric energy is not performed. Said cells (2', 2") are mounted within a frame (1), which is on the side faced towards sun rays furnished with a glass sheet (12) and which on the opposite side, namely on the back side of said cells (2', 2"), comprises at least one heat exchanger (3), which is arranged closely to said cells (2', 2") and is firmly interconnected with said set (2) of photovoltaic cells (2', 2"), and which is intended for transferring the heat energy from the area of photovoltaic cells (2', 2") to each heat transfer media circulating within said heat exchanger (3).

Description

SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTING AND TRANSFORMING APPARATUS
The invention refers to a solar energy collecting apparatus, which is intended for collecting and then transforming such energy into another form.
The purpose of the invention is to improve a solar energy collecting and converting apparatus, which is also known to those skilled in the art as a photovoltaic collecting panel and is generally intended for collecting solar energy and transforming thereof into electricity, in order to increase the yield, namely the energetic efficiency.
A hybrid photovoltaic collecting apparatus is proposed in US 2008302357, which comprises photovoltaic cells, which are arranged along the surface and in which the solar energy is concerted into electricity, and moreover a heat exchanger, which is arranged behind the cells in adjacency thereof and contains a circulating media, by which the heat is transferred from the area of said cells towards appropriate heat sink, where said media is cooled in order to be returned back to the area of said cells. Thanks to transferring the heat from the area of cells, the energetic efficiency of transforming solar energy in electricity may be essentially increased, since said efficiency is otherwise by increasing temperature in the area of cells essentially decreased. Thanks to said cooling of the cells, it can be essentially increased, while the heat obtained by cooling also represents an essential portion of energy, which should otherwise be lost. On the other hand, each photovoltaic cell is usually available in the form of octagon, namely a square with removed corner areas, which results from manufacturing such cells. By assembling such collecting apparatus, numerous photovoltaic inactive areas remain among said cells, which areas are located on the sunny side of the apparatus and are exposed to sun rays but are unable to transform the solar energy into electricity. Said photovoltaic inactive areas represent an essential portion of the complete surface of such solar energy collecting apparatus, in which a part of the solar energy is reflected and the rest is absorbed and converted into heat energy, which leads to still additionally increasing temperature in the area of adjacent photovoltaic cells, which results in decreasing of efficiency and requires still more intensively cooling.
The invention refers to a solar energy collecting and transforming apparatus, comprising a set of photovoltaic cells intended for transforming of solar energy directly into electricity, wherein each cell comprises on its sunny side, which is faced towards the sun, a photovoltaic active area, while between each two neighboring photovoltaic cells at least one photovoltaic inactive area is available, in which the solar energy cannot be transformed directly into electricity. Said photovoltaic cells are mounted within a housing, which is available in the form of frame having at least one light permeable wall, in particular a glass sheet, arranged on the front side i.e. on the sunny side of photovoltaic cells, while on the opposite rear side a heat exchanger is mounted adjacent to said photovoltaic cells and is firmly interconnected with said set of photovoltaic cells and intended for transferring thermal energy from the area of said photovoltaic cells to the heat transferring media circulating within said heat exchanger.
In accordance with the present invention, the glass sheet is located at a distance apart from the set of photovoltaic cells and in each photovoltaic inactive area among each neighboring photovoltaic active areas on the sunny side of said apparatus a re-directing means adapted for transferring light beams from each relevant photovoltaic inactive area towards adjacent photovoltaic active areas is foreseen, wherein the shape and the size of such re-directing means are determined in accordance with the shape and the size of each relevant photovoltaic inactive area, in which it is located, and wherein on the opposite rear side of the frame of said collecting apparatus, which is faced apart from the intake of sun rays, at least one thermal insulating layer is available.
Each sun rays re-directing means simultaneously represents a spacer, by which the glass sheet and the set of photovoltaic cells are firmly interconnected. In such a context, each sun rays re-directing means is on the one hand via an adhesive layer firmly interconnected with the glass sheet and on the other hand via an adhesive layer with a light permeable film, by which each photovoltaic cell is coated and herewith via an adhesive layer firmly connected thereto.
In one of possible embodiments, said re-directing means comprises mirror surfaces, which are adapted for re-directing of sun rays directed thereto towards each neighboring photovoltaic active areas of cells. Various embodiments of said re-directing means are possible. Consequently, at least one mirror surface of the redirecting means may be planar, concave or convex.
In a still further embodiment, the re-directing means consists of a light permeable material, so that re-directing of sun rays directed thereto towards each neighboring photovoltaic active areas of cells is performed by means of refraction of sun rays within said re-directing means.
In accordance with the present invention, said heat exchanger forms at least one closed circuit with appropriate heat transferring media circulating therein for the purposes of transferring thermal energy from the area of solar cells towards each desired area outside of the frame of the apparatus, namely for the purposes of heating rooms or sanitary water, represents at least one closed hydraulic circuit. The invention will be described in more detail on the basis of an embodiment, which is shown in the attached drawing, wherein
Fig. 1 is a transversal cross-section through the solar energy collecting and transforming apparatus according to the invention, when ready for operation; Fig. 2 is a schematically shown perspective view of cells of the apparatus according to Fig. 1 ; Fig. 3 is a front view of cells according to Fig. 2.
A solar energy collecting and transforming apparatus, a cross-section of which shown in Fig. 1, is generally designed as an assembly, which is shaped as a flat plate-like parallelepiped and is resistant against all weather conditions with the exception of sun rays, comprising thereby a frame 1, in which a glass sheet 12 is mounted on the sunny side 11, while on the opposite rear side 13 at least one thermal insulating layer 14 is foreseen.
Each available set 2 of co-planar, namely in the same plane located photovoltaic cells 2', 2" is arranged in a co-planar manner and apart of said glass sheet 12. In this, the surface of each cell 2', 2" represents a photovoltaic active area 21, while each cutout i.e. each interruption among said cells 2', 2" represents a photovoltaic inactive area 20.
Regarding the shown embodiment, said set 2 of photovoltaic cells 2', 2" is on its sunny side exposed to sun rays and is coated with a transparent i.e. light permeable film 22, which is attached to said cells 2', 2" by means of an adhesive layer 26. Moreover, on the rear side faced apart from sun rays, said set 2 of solar cells 2', 2" is coated with an insulating film 24, which is attached to the cells 2', 2" by means of an adhesive layer 25. The purpose of said films 22, 24 is to prevent the cells 2', 2" from conducting electricity and also to protect the cells 2', 2" against the moisture. In addition to that, a heat exchanger 3 is foreseen on the apart from sun rays facing rear side of said set 2 of solar cells 2', 2", comprising thereby at least one closed circuit 31, which contains appropriate liquid media, so that by means of said heat exchanger 3 the heat may be transferred from the area of set 2 of photovoltaic cells 2', 2" to each media, which is contained i.e. is flowing within each circuit 31, by which the heat is transferred from the area of said cells 2', 2" into each corresponding heated area, which is located outside of said frame 1 of the assembly.
In this particular case said media is supplied into the heat exchanger 3 arranged within said frame 1 adjacent to said cells 2', 2", and also removed there-from via appropriate hydraulic connector 32, to which said circuit 31 is connected. As evident in Fig. 1, in this embodiment the heat exchanger 3 is attached by means of appropriate adhesive layer 33 onto said insulating film 24 on the rear side of the cells 2', 2", so that said film 24 prevents not only electric contact between the cells 2', 2" and the heat exchanger 3 but also prevents the cells 2', 2" from being exposed to the moisture, which may condense on the heat exchanger 3.
At the same time, at least one thermal insulating layer 14 is foreseen within said frame 1, by means of which said heat exchanger 3 is thermally insulated against the circumference of the collecting apparatus and the frame 1 thereof, by which the thermal losses are avoided with a clear purpose, namely to transfer the heat from the area of cells 2', 2" by means of each media which is available within said circuit 31 of the heat exchanger 3 to each appropriate location outside of the collecting apparatus, where said heat may be exploited in an useful manner, e.g. for the purposes of heating of each interior of buildings or of sanitary water or also for any other desired purpose. Consequently, collecting apparatus according to the invention allows achieving a double effect, wherein firstly thanks to said heat exchanger 3 and media contained therein the heat is transferred from the area of cells 2', 2", by which the cells 2', 2" are prevented from increased temperature, by which a desired efficiency of transforming solar energy into electricity is maintained, and secondly, said sufficient heat is transferred from the area of cells 2', 2" into each desired area outside of the apparatus i.e. outside its frame 1 in order to assure an efficient exploitation of said sufficient heat in appropriate manner.
In order to still increase the efficiency of such collecting apparatus, namely to increase the overall yield of energy, the present invention enables avoiding corresponding energy losses, which result from the presence of photovoltaic inactive areas 20 among the cells 2', 2". To this aim, appropriate re-directing means 4 are foreseen in said inactive photovoltaic areas 20, by means of which all light rays, which intake to such photovoltaic inactive areas 20, are re-directed to each adjacent photovoltaic active areas 21.
In the shown embodiment according to Figs. 1 - 3 the photovoltaic cells 2', 2" are shaped in the form of octagons, which represent photovoltaic active areas 21 , in which the light energy of light rays, which intake towards said photovoltaic active areas 21, is converted directly into electricity. However, in this particular embodiment among said octagonal active areas 21 appropriate tetragonal photovoltaic inactive areas 20 are available, in particular in the form of square. As soon as a re-directing means 4 in form of a truncated quadrilateral pyramid having the base adapted to the silhouette and the surface of each inactive area 20, is placed into each of said inactive areas 20, then by means of such ref-directing means 4 the light beams re-directed towards each neighboring photovoltaic active areas 21 on cells 2', 2". Consequently, in said photovoltaic active areas 21 also such portion of solar energy is converted directly to the electricity, which would otherwise due to the presence of said inactive areas 20 be lost or eventually collected just as thermal energy. In the shown embodiment each re-directing means 4 is attached on the one hand by means of appropriate adhesive layer 44 to the glass sheet 12 and on the other hand by means of another adhesive layer 45 to the transparent film 22, by which the photovoltaic cells 2', 2" are coated. Consequently, each re-directing means 4, which is simultaneously used as a spacer, is inserted between the glass sheet 12 which is mounted within the frame 1, and the set 2 of photovoltaic cells 2', 2" which is via insulating film 24 and adhesive layers 25, 33 firmly interconnected with said heat exchanger 3. When bearing in mind that a plurality of re-directing means 4 is available between the glass sheet 12 and the assembly of said set 2 of photovoltaic cells 2', 2" and the heat exchanger 3, such concept may result in essentially more rigid construction than by previously known appliances, on the basis of which the overall dimensions of the collecting apparatus may be essentially enlarged even when the frame 1 itself is relatively thin.
Still further, re-directing means 4 are shown in the embodiment according to Figs. 2 and 3, by which the disposable outer surfaces are furnished with mirrors 41, 42, 43. In accordance with another possible aspect of the invention, said reflector may be furnished with mirror surfaces 41, 42, 43, which are available either as plane or convex or concave surfaces. In such embodiment, said re-directing means 4 is adapted for re-directing the light rays towards each photovoltaic areas 21 on the basis of reflection, by which said re-directing means 4 may generally be light impermeable and furnished with outwardly arranged mirror surfaces 41, 42, 43. Another embodiment is however possible, according to which said re-directing means 4 may also be adapted for re-directiOn of light beams on the basis of refraction. In such case, said re-directing means 4 consists of at least partially light permeable material and is designed in such a manner that the light rays, which intake to the surfaces 41, 42, 43, are then within the re-directing means 4 redirected towards each neighboring photovoltaic active areas 21.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS
1. Solar energy collecting and transforming apparatus, comprising a set (2) of photovoltaic cells (2', 2") intended for transforming of solar energy directly into electricity, wherein each cell (T, 2") comprises on its sunny side, which is faced towards the sun, a photovoltaic active area (21), while between each two neighboring photovoltaic cells (2', 2") at least one photovoltaic inactive area (20) is available, in which the solar energy cannot be transformed directly into electricity, and wherein said photovoltaic cells (2', 2") are mounted within a housing, which is available in the form of frame (1) having at least one light permeable wall, in particular a glass sheet (12) arranged on its front side i.e. on the sunny side of photovoltaic cells (2', 2"), while on the opposite rear side (13) a heat exchanger (3) is mounted adjacent to said photovoltaic cells (2', 2") and is firmly interconnected with said set (2) of photovoltaic cells (2', 2") and intended for transferring thermal energy from the area of said photovoltaic cells (2', 2") to the heat transferring media circulating within said heat exchanger (2), characterized in that the glass sheet (12) is located at a distance apart from the set (2) of photovoltaic cells (2', 2") and that in each photovoltaic inactive area (20) among each neighboring photovoltaic active areas (21) on the sunny side (11) of said apparatus a re-directing means (4) adapted for transferring light beams from each relevant photovoltaic inactive area (20) towards adjacent photovoltaic active areas (21) is foreseen, wherein the shape and the size of such re-directing means (4) are determined in accordance with the shape and the size of each relevant photovoltaic inactive area (20), in which it is located, and wherein on the opposite rear side (13) of the frame (1) of said collecting apparatus, which is faced apart from the intake of sun rays, at least one thermal insulating layer (14) is available.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that each sun rays redirecting means (4) simultaneously represents a spacer, by which the glass sheet (12) and the set (2) of photovoltaic cells (2', 2") are firmly interconnected.
3. Apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each sun rays re-directing means (4) is on the one hand via an adhesive layer (44) firmly interconnected with the glass sheet (12) and on the other hand via an adhesive layer (45) with a light permeable film (22), by which each photovoltaic cell (2', 2") is coated and herewith via an adhesive layer (26) firmly connected thereto.
4. Apparatus according to anyone of Claims 1 - 3, characterized in that said re-directing means (4) comprises mirror surfaces (41, 42, 43), which are adapted for re-directing of sun rays directed thereto towards each neighboring photovoltaic active areas (21) of cells (2', 2").
5. Apparatus according to Claim 4, characterized in that at least one mirror surface (41, 42, 43) is planar.
6. Apparatus according to Claim 4, characterized in that at least one mirror surface (41, 42, 43) is concave.
7. Apparatus according to Claim 4, characterized in that at least one mirror surface (41, 42, 43) is convex.
8. Apparatus according to anyone of Claims 1 - 3, characterized in that said re-directing means (4) consists of a light permeable material and that re-directing of sun rays directed thereto towards each neighboring photovoltaic active areas (21) of cells (2\ 2") is performed by means of refraction of sun rays within said re-directing means (4).
9. Apparatus according to anyone of the preceding Claims, characterized in that said heat exchanger (3) represents at least one closed hydraulic circuit with heat transferring media circulating therein for the purposes of transferring thermal energy from the area of solar cells (2', 2") towards each desired area outside of the frame (1) of the apparatus, namely for the purposes of heating rooms or sanitary water.
PCT/SI2010/000028 2009-05-25 2010-05-21 Solar energy collecting and transforming apparatus WO2010138086A2 (en)

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SIP-200900148 2009-05-25
SI200900148A SI23059A (en) 2009-05-25 2009-05-25 Collector for collecting and converting solar energy

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WO2010138086A3 WO2010138086A3 (en) 2011-12-29

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ITAN20120001A1 (en) * 2012-01-05 2013-07-06 Energy Resources Holding S R L HYBRID ENERGETIC PANEL, WITH INSULATING, ACOUSTIC AND WATERPROOF FUNCTION, ABLE TO GUARANTEE THE CONVERSION OF SOLAR ENERGY IN ELECTRIC AND THERMAL ENERGY, INTEGRABLE ON BUILDINGS
CN103378199A (en) * 2012-04-26 2013-10-30 常州亚玛顿股份有限公司 Solar photo-thermal system
CN103518566A (en) * 2013-10-12 2014-01-22 鲁宏 Photovoltaic solar louver
WO2014114845A1 (en) 2013-01-22 2014-07-31 Rgr Partners Finland Oy Energy panel, and method and system for hybrid energy production using the panel structure

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITAN20120001A1 (en) * 2012-01-05 2013-07-06 Energy Resources Holding S R L HYBRID ENERGETIC PANEL, WITH INSULATING, ACOUSTIC AND WATERPROOF FUNCTION, ABLE TO GUARANTEE THE CONVERSION OF SOLAR ENERGY IN ELECTRIC AND THERMAL ENERGY, INTEGRABLE ON BUILDINGS
CN103378199A (en) * 2012-04-26 2013-10-30 常州亚玛顿股份有限公司 Solar photo-thermal system
EP2657988A3 (en) * 2012-04-26 2015-09-30 Changzhou Almaden Co., Ltd. Solar photovoltaic-thermal system
WO2014114845A1 (en) 2013-01-22 2014-07-31 Rgr Partners Finland Oy Energy panel, and method and system for hybrid energy production using the panel structure
EP2948986A4 (en) * 2013-01-22 2017-01-25 RGR Partners Finland Oy Energy panel, and method and system for hybrid energy production using the panel structure
CN103518566A (en) * 2013-10-12 2014-01-22 鲁宏 Photovoltaic solar louver

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SI23059A (en) 2010-11-30

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