WO2010137575A1

WO2010137575A1 - Roasted oolong tea and tea drink using same

Info

Publication number: WO2010137575A1
Application number: PCT/JP2010/058792
Authority: WO
Inventors: 康弘山西
Original assignee: サントリーホールディングス株式会社
Priority date: 2009-05-25
Filing date: 2010-05-25
Publication date: 2010-12-02
Also published as: HK1167574A1; TW201106868A; CN102448315A; CN102448315B; JP2010268765A

Abstract

Disclosed are roasted oolong tea leaves, which are obtained by roasting an oolong tea material on an open fire, and a tea drink using the same. Specifically disclosed is a tea drink packed in a container in which the degradation of the aroma is prevented during storage. It is possible to provide a oolong tea drink packed in a container which sustains a rich floral aroma even after sterilizing by heating and storing over a long period of time and in which the degradation of the flavor is prevented during storage.

Description

Roast oolong tea and tea beverage using the same

The present invention relates to a roasted oolong tea leaf obtained by direct roasting oolong tea and a tea beverage using the same, and more particularly to a packaged tea beverage in which aroma deterioration during storage is suppressed.

Tea is widely cultivated in various countries around the world, mainly in Asia, and it is widely used all over the world as coffee and cocoa as three major non-alcoholic beverages. Tea drinks are sugar-free and have a health maintenance function represented by antioxidant and anti-cancer effects, and the growth in demand has been remarkable due to the recent health boom.

Tea is roughly divided into three types: non-fermented tea (green tea), fermented tea (black tea), and semi-fermented tea (oolong tea, etc.). These are all made from the leaves of the camellia genus Camellia ensinensis, but they have completely different colors and aromas depending on the processing method of the tea leaves, mainly the degree of oxidative fermentation. Become a taste tea.

One of the characteristics of oolong tea is its heavy floral scent. Not only the taste that is felt by the tongue as a taste, but also the aroma component that is felt by the nose as an olfactory sensation contributes greatly as an element constituting the deliciousness of the semi-fermented tea beverage. This floral incense is said to be composed of fragrance components such as terpene alcohols such as linalool, geraniol and nerolidol, jasmine lactone, methyl jasmonate, cis-jasmon and indole.

In recent years, tea beverages containing a large amount of the above-mentioned incense ingredients have been developed due to increased palatability. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing oolong tea beverages including a tea leaf cold / hot water treatment step and a hot water extraction step, and describes that oolong tea beverages obtained by this method contain high concentrations of nerolidol. ing. Patent Document 2 discloses a method for producing a semi-fermented tea beverage that includes an extraction step of extracting semi-fermented tea leaves using hot water at a temperature between 85 ° C. and 100 ° C. in which sodium ascorbate is dissolved. The semi-fermented tea beverage obtained by this method is a tea beverage from which the original scent of semi-fermented tea is drawn, and the total aroma is 1.05 times higher than that extracted with pure water. Are listed.

Also, there has been reported a method for improving the quality of oolong tea, characterized by subjecting oolong tea leaves to hydration and heat treatment, or simultaneously with rough koji treatment and then drying by heating (Patent Document 3). According to this method, it is described that oolong tea having good flavor and color tone and particularly effective for cold water can be obtained.

On the other hand, Hojicha is known as a kind of green tea. Hojicha tastes fragrant roasting incense instead of losing the original aroma of tea leaves. In Patent Document 4, when green tea leaves are roasted using a hoji drum machine, the refreshing fragrance component (cis-3-hexenol) peculiar to green tea and the main components of green tea (linalool and nerolidol) are reduced. In addition, it is described that scent components (2,5-dimethylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine) were produced by burning.

JP 2004-248672 A JP 2005-124499 A JP-A 61-234737 JP 2001-286260 A

Container-packed tea drinks are usually made from tea leaves, with the addition of baking soda and ascorbic acid or its salt to the tea extract for the purpose of suppressing quality deterioration due to heat sterilization and long-term storage. Product. Containerized oolong tea drinks are also produced in the same way, but the addition of baking soda, ascorbic acid, etc. alone cannot suppress deterioration due to heat sterilization treatment or long-term storage, and in particular, the problem of a decrease in fragrance of oolong tea. There was no way to fully solve it. In addition, the method described in the above prior art also cannot selectively enhance the fragrance, and many unpleasant aromas and bitterness components of oolong tea will be extracted. There was also the possibility that quality degradation would be significant.

An object of the present invention is to suppress the deterioration of quality in a container-packed oolong tea beverage accompanied by heat sterilization and long-term storage, and to provide a container-packed oolong tea beverage capable of maintaining a flower aroma for a long period of time.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the inventors of the present invention roasted oolong tea raw materials under specific conditions to obtain roasted oolong tea, and extracted the roasted oolong tea with hot water to obtain a roasted oolong tea extract. By adding this to some oolong tea beverages, the odor after heat sterilization can be reduced, and the flavor deterioration during long-term storage, specifically the oxidative deterioration odor, can be reduced. It was found that can be maintained.

In addition, when roasting oolong tea under specific conditions, the total amount of aroma components known as floral scents specific to oolong tea is contrary to the conventional knowledge that roasting reduces the refreshing fragrance specific to tea leaves and produces roasted incense. A surprising finding was obtained that 2,4-heptadienal, which is known to be an increased, altered and unfavorable scent, is reduced. And it confirmed that the container-packed oolong tea drink by which the said incense was maintained can be manufactured by using the roasted oolong tea from which the composition of the aroma component changed by this specific roasting, and came to complete this invention.

That is, the present invention relates to the following.
[1] Directly roasting oolong tea raw material to obtain roasted oolong tea;
Hot water extraction from the roasted oolong tea to obtain a roasted oolong tea extract;
A method for producing a containerized oolong tea beverage, comprising a step of heat sterilizing the roast oolong tea extract.
[2] The production method according to [1], wherein the oolong tea raw material is pulverized to a size of 3 to 10 mm and roasted directly.
[3] Roast oolong tea obtained by directly roasting oolong tea raw material.

Even after heat sterilization and long-term storage, it is possible to obtain a stuffed oolong tea beverage that maintains a rich fragrance and suppresses flavor deterioration during storage. A component useful for imparting rich flower aroma and suppressing flavor deterioration is roasted oolong tea obtained by roasting oolong tea raw materials under specific conditions, and has the advantage of not affecting the natural flavor of oolong tea beverages.

(Roasted oolong tea)
For oolong tea, the fresh leaves of oolong tea are sun-dried and shade-dried (withering), then the tea leaves are shaken inside a bamboo basket and oxidatively fermented. The fermentation is stopped to make rough tea, and then the ones that have been twisted are dried to give a finished tea. The roasted oolong tea of the present invention refers to a product obtained by subjecting a rough and / or finished tea of oolong tea to a direct fire roasting treatment. Any raw leaf of oolong tea can be used as long as it is C. sinensis belonging to the family Camellia and Camellia. For example, var. Sinensis (Chinese species) can be used as one of the preferred embodiments. In addition, commercially available oolong tea (finished tea) can be used as oolong tea. Any of the followings may be used: color species, oolong, frost from Taiwan, outdoor tea, cocoon tea, and the like.

The raw leaf portion used as a raw material may be any of leaves, stems, or a mixed portion thereof, but it is preferable to select and use stems. Roasting incense, such as pyrazines, is produced by roasting, and these pyrazines increase the bitter and astringent taste of catechins and / or caffeine additively or synergistically. From the standpoint of using roasted oolong tea for the purpose of suppressing the deterioration of quality during heat sterilization and long-term storage without affecting the natural flavor of the base oolong tea beverage, it is necessary to use stems with low catechin and caffeine content preferable.

The roasted oolong tea of the present invention is characterized by using a drum roaster for roasting and performing direct-fire roasting. By performing direct-fire roasting using a drum roaster, the total amount of fragrance ingredients (linalol, geraniol, nerolidol, jasmine lactone, methyl jasmonate, cis-jasmon, indole) known as fragrance of oolong tea 2,4-Heptadienal, which is known to have an increased odor and a bad odor, decreases. The drum roasting machine may be a continuous roasting machine or a batch roasting machine. Among the drum roasting machines, a rotary drum type far-red roasting machine is mentioned as one of the preferred embodiments.

The conditions of direct-fire roasting are determined by the quality of raw materials (for example, water content) and the input amount. Generally, the temperature (setting temperature of the roasting machine) is 150 to 250 ° C., preferably 160 to It is 180 ° C., the roasting time is 3 to 10 minutes, preferably about 5 to 9 minutes, and the tea leaf product temperature at the outlet is 120 to 180 ° C.

In roasting, it is easy to perform uniform roasting if oolong tea is ground to a size of about 3 to 10 mm. The roasting machine is not limited in any way, but it is preferable to use a rotary drum type far-red roasting machine because uniform roasting is easy. As described above, the roasted oolong tea of the present invention is obtained by subjecting crude tea to a direct-fire roasting treatment, but the crude tea is dried with a drum-type dryer or a microwave dryer, etc. When the water content is about 5% or less, it is preferable that uniform roasting is achieved by direct-fire roasting.

Thus, in the roasted oolong tea that has been subjected to rough tea, drying, and drum roasting, the total amount of incense increases about 1.1 times before and after roasting. When green tea is used as tea leaves, these floral incense components are greatly reduced. Therefore, the increase in floral incense components is considered to be a specific phenomenon due to the combination of oolong tea and direct-fire roasting.

Among the incense, cis-jasmon, jasmine lactone and methyl jasmonate are particularly increased, cis-jasmon is increased 1.5 times or more, and jasmine lactone and methyl jasmonate is increased 2 times or more. In addition, linalool is an aroma component that does not increase with conventional extraction methods or roasting other than direct-fire roasting. is there. Furthermore, among incense, indole is a component known to cause a heated odor during heat sterilization (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-147606, claim 2). In roasted oolong tea that has been roasted, this indole is also reduced by about 0.7 times.

That is, according to the direct-fire roasting of the present invention, the composition of oolong tea incense changes. Specifically, the total amount of fragrance components of Hanaka (A) excluding indole (linalool, geraniol, nerolidol, jasmine lactone, methyl jasmonate, cis-jasmon) (A1) is about 1.2% before roasting. The ratio of flower incense (A1) to indole (A2) ((A1) / (A2)) changes from 2.9 before roasting to 5.1 after roasting. Furthermore, when the direct-fire roasting of the present invention is performed, 2,4-heptadienal (B), which is an aroma component that is easily altered in oolong tea, is reduced by about 0.65 times.

In the roasted oolong tea of the present invention, the ratio of the fragrance component (A1) having a preferable fragrance of oolong tea even after heat sterilization to the fragrance component (A2, B) that is likely to change in heat and storage and become a bad odor ((A1) / (A2 + B)) is 1 or more, preferably 1.2 or more, more preferably 1.5 or more. By using oolong tea having a composition in this range and including the extract in a tea beverage, even if heat sterilization or long-term storage is performed, a rich flower fragrance is maintained, and a tea beverage in which quality deterioration is suppressed is obtained.

(Packed oolong tea drink)
The container-packed oolong tea beverage of the present invention is characterized by using the roasted oolong tea. That is, the method includes a step of directly roasting oolong tea raw material to obtain roasted oolong tea, a step of extracting hot oolong tea from the roasted oolong tea to obtain a roasted oolong tea extract, and a step of heat sterilizing the roasted oolong tea extract. .

The extraction of roasted oolong tea is performed for 1 to 20 minutes, preferably 2 to 15 minutes, particularly preferably 3 to 10 minutes using hot water of 70 ° C. or higher, preferably 80 to 95 ° C., particularly preferably 85 to 95 ° C. Is called. If the extraction temperature is too low, the aroma components of roast oolong tea, especially flower fragrance, will not be extracted well, and if the extraction temperature is too high or the extraction time is too long, a lot of pyrazines and other bitterness components of roast oolong tea will be extracted. Will be. During the extraction, a stirring operation may be performed, or an organic acid or an organic acid salt such as sodium ascorbate may be added to the extraction solvent (hot water). The mixing ratio of roast oolong tea and extraction solvent (hot water) is preferably about 1:15 to 1: 100.

In the tea beverage of the present invention, the whole amount of roasted oolong tea extract may be used as a tea beverage, but since roasted incense by roasting may affect the original flavor of oolong tea, it is part of the tea beverage. It is preferable to blend so that the roasted oolong tea extract is contained. In this case, the roasted oolong tea extract and the oolong tea extract that is the base of the tea beverage may be prepared separately and mixed, or the roasted oolong tea is mixed with the extraction raw material (oolong tea leaves) and extracted with hot water. Also good. The base oolong tea includes red dragon, puffy tea, special tea, martial narcissus, martial arts varieties, Cantonese narcissus, iron guanyin, golden katsura, color varieties, oolong, Taiwan frost, tea outside, Any one such as cocoon tea may be used. The mixing ratio of roasted oolong tea and base oolong tea leaves, or roasted oolong tea extract and base oolong tea extract can be adjusted as appropriate according to the type of base oolong tea, the extraction temperature, the flavor of the desired tea beverage, etc. Usually, roasted oolong tea (or roasted oolong tea extract) is contained in an amount of 1 to 100% by weight, preferably about 1.5 to 50% by weight, based on the total amount of the extraction raw material (or the total amount of tea beverage).

Next, the obtained extract is cooled and then filtered. As a filtration method, a centrifugal separator, a metal mesh, flannel cloth, diatomaceous earth, a ceramic membrane, or the like is used. Ascorbic acids are added to the filtrate as necessary to prepare a prepared solution, which is then heat sterilized. By adding ascorbic acids, it is possible to further suppress deterioration in quality of the oolong tea beverage during heat sterilization and long-term storage. Ascorbic acids are added in the preparation solution so as to have a concentration of 100 ppm or more, preferably 300 ppm or more, more preferably 400 ppm or more. In addition, ascorbic acid in this specification means 1 type (s) or 2 or more types chosen from ascorbic acid, its isomer, those derivatives, and those salts.

The heat sterilization treatment can be performed using a known method. For example, in the case of a can beverage, a predetermined amount of the above prepared liquid is filled into a can and retort sterilization (for example, 1.2 mmHg, 121 ° C., 7 minutes) is performed. In the case of PET bottles, paper packs, and bottled beverages, for example, UHT sterilization that is maintained at 120 to 150 ° C. for 1 to several tens of seconds is performed.

The oolong tea beverage obtained in this way has the rich floral scent of roasted oolong tea, and the fragrance of pyrazines is combined to make the aroma more mellow and heavy. Therefore, even if fragrance | flavor is not added, it becomes a container-packed drink which can maintain the floral incense peculiar to oolong tea over a long period (1 year, Preferably 6 months or more, More preferably 4 months or more).

Hereinafter, the details of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to experimental examples and examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1: Production of roasted oolong tea Using crude tea of oolong tea leaves (narcissus seeds), the stem portion was collected and crushed to a size of 3 to 10 mm and dried in hot air at 120 ° C. for 45 minutes (general (Fired). The water content after drying was 5% or less. Thereafter, the dried stem tea (100 g) was put into a drum roasting machine heated to about 180 ° C. and roasted for about 5 minutes. When the final tea leaf product temperature reached 145 ° C., it was taken out and cooled to produce roasted oolong tea.

Example 2: Roasted oolong tea extract 10 g of roasted oolong tea obtained in Example 1 was extracted for 5 minutes using 1 L of hot water (90 ° C). In addition, stem tea that has not been subjected to the direct-fire roasting treatment of Example 1, that is, one obtained by recovering the stem tea portion from the crude tea (non-roasting), and one obtained by drying the stem tea with hot air (general heating) Extraction was performed in the same manner. Aroma components of the obtained extract were analyzed by stirring adsorption with Twister (Stir Bar coated with polydimethylsiloxane; manufactured by GERSTEL) using SBSE (Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction) method. The analysis conditions are as follows.

(Analysis sample preparation)
Sample (weighed): 10 g
Adsorption temperature: 25 ° C (room temperature)
Adsorption time: 30 minutes (Analytical equipment and conditions)
TDS condition (Thermo Desorption System)
DesorptionTemp. 20 ℃ (0.5min) to 200 ℃ (60 ℃ / min, 4.5min hold)
Splitless
Instrument GERSTEL TDS2
GC-MS condition
Column Inert Cap WAX-HT (60m × 0.25mm ID, Film 0.25μm)
Column Temp. 70 ℃ (5min) to 260 ℃ (3 ℃ / min)
Injection Temp. -150 ℃-240 ℃ (12 ℃ / sec, 5min hold)
Flow Rate 1.9mL / min
Splitless 1min
Instrument Agilent GC 6890, MSD 5973N

The results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, when roasting was performed directly, the total amount of Hana linalool, geraniol, nerolidol, jasmine lactone, methyl jasmonate, cis-jasmon, indole) increased 1.1-fold. In particular, the total amount of flower incense excluding indole (A1) is greatly increased to 1.24 times, among which the increase of cis-jasmon, jasmine lactone and methyl jasmonate is remarkable, and cis-jasmon is 1.5 times or more, Jasmine lactone and methyl jasmonate increased more than twice. Although linalool did not increase at all by general drying (fired), it increased about 1.3 times by direct-fire roasting.

On the other hand, indole (A2) was reduced about 0.7 times and the total amount of 2,4-heptadienal (B) was reduced about 0.65 times by direct roasting.

When calculating the ratio of incense (A1) to indole (A2) ((A1) / (A2)), non-roasting was 2.9, while in general drying (fired), 4.1, In the case of fire roasting, the ratio of preferred incense increased by 5.1, especially by direct fire roasting. Furthermore, the ratio ((A1) / (A2 + B)) of the fragrance component (A1) having a preferred oolong tea flower fragrance even after heat sterilization and the fragrance component (A2, B) which is likely to change during heating and storage and become odorous. When calculated, non-roasting was 0.86, whereas general drying (fired) was 0.94, and direct-fired roasting was 1.60.

Next, sensory evaluation by four persons was performed using a general dry (fired) oolong tea extract and a roast oolong tea extract of the present invention roasted directly on the fire. As a result, it is evaluated that the general dried (fired) oolong tea extract is fragrant but the top fragrance is weak, and the roasted oolong tea extract of the present invention has a fragrant fragrance at the top and has a sweet taste. Evaluation (that is, evaluation that the scent of the top and the scent of the last was strengthened) was obtained.

Top fragrance (also called top note) is one of the three fragrances that are relatively classified according to volatility. A fragrance ingredient that determines the impression. Here, the scent that can be felt from the nose before drinking and the scent that can be felt from the nostril as soon as it is put in the mouth is called the top scent. The last scent (also referred to as the last note) is related to the depth and taste of the scent, and is generally a component composed of a substance having a low volatility and a relatively high boiling point. A scent that can be felt.

Example 3 Container-packed tea beverage 1 g of roasted oolong tea produced in Example 1 was mixed with 59 g of narcissus and mixed tea leaves of various colors to obtain an extraction raw material. Extracting with 1.2 L of hot water at 90 ° C. with stirring for 5 minutes, recovering the extract, cooling it to 20 ° C. or lower after coarse filtration, and performing filtration by centrifugation. 300 ppm) was added, and sodium bicarbonate was added so that the pH of the tea beverage was about 6.0. Water was added to 5 L to prepare a preparation liquid, which was sterilized at 140 ° C. for 15 seconds and filled into a can at 82 ° C. to obtain a oolong tea beverage (roasted oolong tea-added beverage). For comparison, a tea beverage was prepared in the same manner using no roasted oolong tea, ie, narcissus and mixed tea leaves (60 g) of different colors (usually oolong tea beverage). The flavor of the tea beverage immediately after production and after storage was subjected to sensory evaluation.

Comparing the flavor immediately after production, the beverage with roasted oolong tea has an enhanced top scent, richness and sweetness, and the overall scent of the top scent and the last scent is balanced. It was a oolong tea beverage with a fresh and good flavor. Moreover, the sensory evaluation result about the flavor of the tea drink after a preservation | save is shown in Table 2. As is clear from Table 2, the container-packed oolong tea beverage containing the roasted oolong tea extract showed a good flavor as compared with the additive-free (usually oolong tea beverage) even when stored at any temperature range.

From the above results, the container-packed oolong tea beverage produced to contain the roasted oolong tea extract has enhanced flower fragrance and is refreshed, and its good flavor is maintained even after long-term storage. Occurrence was suppressed, and it was suggested that commercial value was maintained even after long-term storage for one year.

Claims

A process of directly roasting oolong tea raw material to obtain roasted oolong tea;
Hot water extraction from the roasted oolong tea to obtain a roasted oolong tea extract;
A method for producing a containerized oolong tea beverage, comprising a step of heat sterilizing the roast oolong tea extract.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the oolong tea raw material is pulverized to a size of 3 to 10 mm and roasted directly.
«Roasted oolong tea obtained by direct roasting of oolong tea ingredients.