WO2010137182A1 - Accumulateur et véhicule sur rail - Google Patents

Accumulateur et véhicule sur rail Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010137182A1
WO2010137182A1 PCT/JP2009/060305 JP2009060305W WO2010137182A1 WO 2010137182 A1 WO2010137182 A1 WO 2010137182A1 JP 2009060305 W JP2009060305 W JP 2009060305W WO 2010137182 A1 WO2010137182 A1 WO 2010137182A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
series
storage device
power storage
explosion
series unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2009/060305
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
誠司 石田
裕 有田
尊善 西野
瑛一 豊田
Original Assignee
株式会社 日立製作所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社 日立製作所 filed Critical 株式会社 日立製作所
Priority to PCT/JP2009/060305 priority Critical patent/WO2010137182A1/fr
Priority to JP2011515833A priority patent/JP5077489B2/ja
Publication of WO2010137182A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010137182A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/42—Grouping of primary cells into batteries
    • H01M6/425—Multimode batteries, batteries with "reserve cells"
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0445—Multimode batteries, e.g. containing auxiliary cells or electrodes switchable in parallel or series connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power storage device mounted on a railway vehicle.
  • 11a to 11f are explosion-proof valves
  • 12a to 12f are cell elements composed of positive electrodes
  • 13a to 13f are cells including explosion-proof valves and cell elements
  • 14 is a reactor
  • 15a and 15b are Switching elements
  • 16a and 16b are diodes
  • 17a and 17b are terminals
  • 18 is a step-up / down chopper.
  • the reactor 14, the switching elements 15a and 15b, and the diodes 16a and 16b constitute a step-up / step-down chopper 18, and the switching elements 15a and 15b are alternately turned on, whereby the power of the series circuit of the terminals 17a and 17b and the cells 13a to 13f. And the current flowing through the cells 13a to 13f is controlled.
  • the reactor 14 Considering the case where the current flowing from the cell 13a to the switching element 15b flows through the reactor 14 and the explosion-proof valve 11d is opened to increase the internal pressure of the cell 13d when the switching element 15b is in a conducting state, The total voltage of the cells 13a to 13f and the back electromotive force generated in the reactor 14 due to the current change accompanying the opening of the circuit are applied.
  • the number of cells is six.
  • the number of cells is several hundred, so that a high voltage is applied to the explosion-proof valve. Therefore, there is a possibility that an arc is generated due to the insulation breakdown of the explosion-proof valve, and it is ignited. Therefore, conventionally, the voltage of the power storage device cannot be made larger than the voltage that can be shut off (insulated) by the explosion-proof valve of the cell. That is, the number of cells connected in series could not be increased beyond the insulation performance of the explosion-proof valve of the cell.
  • An object of the present invention is to configure a high-voltage power storage device regardless of the pressure resistance performance of the explosion-proof valve.
  • a first means for solving the above-described problem is a power storage device that includes a series unit in which a plurality of cells having explosion-proof valves that open an electric circuit due to an internal pressure increase and is connected in series, and that supplies power to a load. The voltage is higher than the pressure resistance of the explosion-proof valve, and is a power storage device comprising means for suppressing an increase in voltage of the series unit having the opened explosion-proof valve when the explosion-proof valve is opened.
  • a second means for solving the above-mentioned problem includes a series unit in which a plurality of cells having explosion-proof valves that open an electric circuit due to an increase in internal pressure are connected in series, and in a power storage device that supplies power to a load, the series unit and A circuit breaker connected in series and a controller that detects an abnormality of the series unit and opens the circuit breaker, and a series circuit including the series unit and the circuit breaker are connected in parallel.
  • the controller is a power storage device that controls opening of the circuit breaker so as to prevent only one of the circuit breakers from being turned on.
  • the abnormality of the series unit is meant to include at least one of abnormality of internal pressure of the cells constituting the series unit, overdischarge of the cells, overcharge, damage of the cells, and opening of the explosion-proof valve.)
  • the series unit is A power storage device comprising: a circuit breaker connected in series with a plurality of circuits connected in parallel; and a controller that detects an abnormality of the series unit and opens the circuit breaker.
  • a fourth means for solving the above-mentioned problem in a power storage device that includes a series unit in which a plurality of cells having explosion-proof valves that open an electric circuit due to an increase in internal pressure are connected in series, and that supplies power to a load,
  • the voltage is higher than the breakdown voltage of the explosion-proof valve, and is a power storage device comprising a capacitor connected in parallel with the series unit.
  • a fifth means for solving the above-mentioned problem includes a series unit in which a plurality of cells having explosion-proof valves that open an electric circuit due to an internal pressure increase are connected in series, and in a power storage device that supplies power to a load, A circuit breaker connected in series, a capacitor connected in parallel with the series circuit of the series unit and the circuit breaker, and two switching elements are connected in series with each other, and both terminals of one switching element are connected via a reactor.
  • the power storage device is connected to the capacitor.
  • a sixth means for solving the above-mentioned problem is a power storage device including a series unit in which a plurality of cells having explosion-proof valves that open an electric circuit due to an increase in internal pressure are connected in series, wherein the voltage of the series unit is a pressure resistance of the explosion-proof valve.
  • the power storage device is characterized in that a plurality of the series units are connected in parallel when the explosion-proof valve is opened.
  • a high-voltage power storage device can be configured regardless of the pressure resistance performance of the explosion-proof valve.
  • FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the power storage device of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating the problem of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the function of the controller 104.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram for explaining the effect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the power storage device of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the power storage device of the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 shows the configuration of the railway vehicle of the fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a power storage device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Reference numeral 102a denotes a series unit configured by connecting cells 101a to 101f with built-in explosion-proof valves in series, and the circuit breaker 103a is connected in series to the series unit.
  • the series circuits in which the series units 102b to 102f and the circuit breakers 103b to 103f are connected in series are connected in parallel and connected to the terminals 105a and 105b, respectively.
  • terminals 105a and 105b are connected to a load.
  • the controller 104 monitors the state of the series units 102a to 102f.
  • the controller 104 disconnects the series unit from the circuit by opening the corresponding circuit breakers 103a to 103f. By such disconnection, the performance of the power storage device is reduced by the amount of the disconnected serial units, but the use of the power storage device can be continued. Note that the pressure resistance of the explosion-proof valves incorporated in the cells 101a to 101f is lower than the voltage of the series units 102b to 102f.
  • the controller 104 performs the process shown in FIG. 3 at regular intervals. First, in the process 201, the states of the serial units 102a to 102f are acquired. In process 202, it is determined whether there is a series unit in which an abnormality has occurred.
  • process in that cycle is terminated. If there is an abnormality, the number of other series units in which the circuit breaker is not opened is determined in processing 203 (that is, the number of series units in a conductive state). If the number of series units is 1, processing 204 is performed. Otherwise, process 205 is executed. For example, when an abnormality occurs in one serial unit in a state where all six serial units are not opened in the configuration of FIG. 1, the number of other serial units is five. In process 204, both the circuit breaker corresponding to the series unit in which an abnormality has occurred and the other one series unit in which the circuit breaker is not opened are opened, and the process of the cycle ends. In the process 205, only the serial unit in which an abnormality has occurred is released.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the case where the minimum parallel number of the series units is 2, but the same effect can be obtained even when the parallel number is 3 or more.
  • the circuit breaker shown in FIG. 1 is omitted. 4 differs from FIG.
  • the voltage across the series unit of the cells 13a to 13f with the explosion-proof valve opened is equal to the voltage across the series unit of the cells 13a 'to 13f' connected in parallel, and considering the voltage of the cells 13a to 13f, the explosion protection Little voltage is applied to the valve 11d.
  • FIG. 4 shows the case where the series number of the series units is 6, but the voltage applied to the opened explosion-proof valve in the same way even when the series number becomes larger than 6, the voltage of the power storage device is , become a small value. Therefore, even when the number of series units is increased to configure a power storage device having a higher voltage than the explosion-proof valve built in the cell, no arc is generated when the explosion-proof valve is opened.
  • a high-voltage power storage device can be configured regardless of the pressure resistance performance of the explosion-proof valve. In other words, even if the explosion-proof valve is opened, such as maintaining a state where multiple series units are connected in parallel, if the voltage of the series unit with the explosion-proof valve opened is maintained, the voltage is applied to the opened explosion-proof valve. Voltage can be kept low.
  • the number of series cells is 6 and the number of parallel cells is 6, but the number of series is not limited, and the number of parallel cells may be 2 or more.
  • FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the power storage device of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • symbol is attached
  • the series unit 102a and the series unit 102b, the series unit 102c and the series unit 102d, and the series unit 102e and the series unit 102f are respectively connected in parallel to form a two parallel circuit.
  • the circuit breakers 403a to 403c are respectively connected in series to two parallel circuits, and the two parallel circuits are connected to the terminal 105a via the circuit breakers 403a to 403c.
  • the controller 404 monitors the state of the series units 102a to 102f.
  • the series unit When an abnormality occurs in the series unit, the series unit is disconnected from the circuit by opening the corresponding circuit breakers 403a to 403c. By this disconnection operation, the performance of the power storage device is reduced by the amount of the disconnected serial unit, but the use of the power storage device can be continued.
  • the pressure resistance of the explosion-proof valves incorporated in the cells 101a to 101f is lower than the voltage of the series units 102b to 102f.
  • the series units 102a to 102f are disconnected in units of two regardless of the state of the circuit breakers 403a to 403c, so that the series units are not connected independently and become conductive.
  • the explosion-proof valve when the explosion-proof valve is opened, the supply of current to the load is continued, and the voltage of another series unit in the conductive state and the series where the explosion-proof valve is opened. Since the unit voltages are equal, the voltage applied to the explosion-proof valve is a small value. That is, a high-voltage power storage device can be configured regardless of the pressure resistance performance of the explosion-proof valve.
  • the parallel number of the series units connected to the circuit breaker is 2, but the same effect can be obtained if the parallel number is plural.
  • the example of three circuit breakers is shown, the number is not limited including one.
  • FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the power storage device of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the controller 304 monitors the state of the series units 102a to 102f, and when an abnormality including the opening of the explosion-proof valve occurs in the series unit, by opening the corresponding circuit breakers 103a to 103f, Disconnect the unit from the circuit. By this disconnection operation, the performance of the power storage device is reduced by the amount of the disconnected serial unit, but the use of the power storage device can be continued.
  • the pressure resistance of the explosion-proof valves incorporated in the cells 101a to 101f is lower than the voltage of the series units 102b to 102f.
  • the capacitor 106 is connected to the terminals 105a and 105b. Further, the series units 102a to 102f, the circuit breakers 103a to 103f, the terminals 105a to 105b, and the capacitor 106 are stored in one battery box 107.
  • the configuration shown in FIG. 6 consider a case where the explosion-proof valve is opened while only one of the circuit breakers 103a to 103f is on. In this case, current is supplied from the capacitor 106 to the load, and the voltage of the series unit with the explosion-proof valve connected in parallel is held by the capacitor 106.
  • the voltage applied to the explosion-proof valve becomes a small value.
  • the voltage applied to the explosion-proof valve gradually increases as the voltage of the capacitor 106 gradually decreases.
  • the controller 304 detects the opening of the explosion-proof valve and opens the circuit breaker that has been turned on only one, the series unit with the explosion-proof valve opened is disconnected from the circuit, so the explosion-proof valve exceeds the pressure resistance.
  • Such a high voltage is not applied.
  • a plurality of circuit breakers 103a to 103f are turned on, there is no problem as described above.
  • a high-voltage power storage device can be configured. 6 shows the case where the number of series cells is 6 and the number of parallel cells is 6, the number of series and the number of parallel cells are not limited.
  • FIG. 7 shows a configuration of an embodiment in which the above-described power storage device is mounted on a railway vehicle.
  • the railway vehicle includes an engine 1, a generator 2, a converter 3, an inverter 4, two electric motors 5, a battery box 107, a step-up / down chopper 18, and a controller 304.
  • the battery box 107 is configured by the power storage device shown in any of the first to third embodiments.
  • the AC voltage output from the generator 2 driven by the engine 1 is converted into a DC voltage by the converter 3, and the inverter 4 converts the AC voltage into an AC voltage having a variable voltage and a variable frequency, thereby driving the motor 5 and the wheels.
  • the step-up / down chopper 18 is connected in parallel with the inverter 4 and controls charging / discharging of the power storage device.
  • the regenerative electric power from the electric motor 5 is charged to the cell of the power storage device mounted on the battery box 107 via the inverter 4 and the step-up / step-down chopper 18.
  • electric power is supplied from the battery box 107 to the inverter 4 together with the converter 3 via the step-up / step-down chopper according to the charging rate of the cell to perform assist.
  • the battery box 107 As the power storage device, it can be applied to a vehicle requiring a high output high voltage such as a long train or a high-speed vehicle.
  • the power storage device described in the first to third embodiments is configured as a battery box and mounted on a railway vehicle.
  • the use of the power storage device described in the first to third embodiments is limited to the rail vehicle.
  • the present invention is applicable to various applications as long as it is a field using a large-capacity power storage device in which a large number of cells are connected in series.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un accumulateur haute capacité et haute tension, plusieurs centaines de cellules sont connectées en série, de sorte qu'une haute tension est appliquée lorsque la soupape de prévention d'explosion qui ouvre le circuit électrique est actionnée en raison d'une élévation de la pression interne des cellules. L'invention porte sur un accumulateur comprenant des unités série constituées d'une pluralité de cellules connectées en série, dans lequel la tension au moment où la soupape de prévention d'explosion est actionnée peut être réduite par connexion d'une pluralité d'unités série en parallèle lorsque la tension des unités série est supérieure à la tension de tenue de la soupape de prévention d'explosion.
PCT/JP2009/060305 2009-05-29 2009-05-29 Accumulateur et véhicule sur rail WO2010137182A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2009/060305 WO2010137182A1 (fr) 2009-05-29 2009-05-29 Accumulateur et véhicule sur rail
JP2011515833A JP5077489B2 (ja) 2009-05-29 2009-05-29 蓄電装置及び鉄道車両

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2009/060305 WO2010137182A1 (fr) 2009-05-29 2009-05-29 Accumulateur et véhicule sur rail

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010137182A1 true WO2010137182A1 (fr) 2010-12-02

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WO (1) WO2010137182A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016149863A (ja) * 2015-02-12 2016-08-18 株式会社豊田自動織機 蓄電装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61113377U (fr) * 1984-12-24 1986-07-17
JP2005093759A (ja) * 2003-09-18 2005-04-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd キャパシタユニット

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0696803A (ja) * 1992-09-11 1994-04-08 Hitachi Maxell Ltd 防爆形密閉電池

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61113377U (fr) * 1984-12-24 1986-07-17
JP2005093759A (ja) * 2003-09-18 2005-04-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd キャパシタユニット

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016149863A (ja) * 2015-02-12 2016-08-18 株式会社豊田自動織機 蓄電装置

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JPWO2010137182A1 (ja) 2012-11-12
JP5077489B2 (ja) 2012-11-21

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