WO2010133023A1 - 分组数据发送方法、基站和终端 - Google Patents

分组数据发送方法、基站和终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010133023A1
WO2010133023A1 PCT/CN2009/071847 CN2009071847W WO2010133023A1 WO 2010133023 A1 WO2010133023 A1 WO 2010133023A1 CN 2009071847 W CN2009071847 W CN 2009071847W WO 2010133023 A1 WO2010133023 A1 WO 2010133023A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cluster head
packet data
terminal
destination terminal
unit
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Application number
PCT/CN2009/071847
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
庄宏成
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2009/071847 priority Critical patent/WO2010133023A1/zh
Priority to EP16190974.2A priority patent/EP3223559B1/en
Priority to CN2009801236521A priority patent/CN102077524B/zh
Priority to EP09839842.3A priority patent/EP2360970B1/en
Priority to US12/855,169 priority patent/US9167497B2/en
Publication of WO2010133023A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010133023A1/zh
Priority to US14/847,251 priority patent/US10397848B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/04—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/04—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources
    • H04W40/10—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources based on available power or energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/12—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
    • H04W40/32—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update for defining a routing cluster membership
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a packet data sending method, a base station, and a terminal. Background technique
  • Multi-hop relay is a means of enabling the network to operate without a fixed access point. It was first researched and applied in an ad hoc network.
  • An adhoc network has no fixed infrastructure, no fixed routers, all nodes are mobile, and all nodes can dynamically maintain contact with other nodes in any way. All nodes in the network are equal in status and there is no need to set up any central control nodes.
  • the nodes in the network not only have the functions required by ordinary mobile terminals, but also have the ability to forward messages. In this environment, due to the limited wireless coverage of the terminal, two user terminals that cannot directly communicate can perform packet forwarding by means of other nodes, that is, multi-hop communication.
  • multi-hop relay technology has been applied to traditional cellular networks to form a new type of cellular multi-hop network, which has become a new research hotspot in wireless communication.
  • a mobile station can connect to a corresponding cell base station through one or more relay nodes.
  • the use of relay nodes reduces path loss and improves the communication quality of each transmission link, thereby greatly increasing the capacity and coverage of the entire cell.
  • finding the right relay node is critical to improving overall system performance, which requires an efficient routing algorithm.
  • An existing packet data transmission method is as follows: Considering that the cellular multi-hop network is centered on a base station (BS: Base Station), the traditional distributed routing mode is changed to a base station to uniformly provide centralized processing for each node. the way.
  • the base station maintains the link status between all terminals (MS: Mobile Station) and selects a path for the communication set of the terminal according to the maintained link status.
  • MS Mobile Station
  • the base station can gradually acquire the topology of the cell by processing and maintaining the information obtained in the routing process.
  • a relay request is first sent to the BS, and the BS is required to provide a multi-hop route. If the BS cannot find the path, the MS broadcasts a relay request pathfinding signal to the neighboring node, and the intermediate node returns signaling to the base station after receiving the relay request.
  • the base station can obtain the quality of the first hop link and measure the quality of the second hop link. In this way, the base station updates its own channel quality matrix every time it receives a relay request response from an intermediate node. After updating the channel quality matrix, the base station runs the pathfinding algorithm again. The station has acquired all the channel information related to the MS, thereby selecting the relay node, and feeding back the selected relay node to the MS, so that the MS can perform packet data transmission through the relay node.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a packet data sending method, a base station, and a terminal, which can perform link processing in the terminal.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a packet data sending method, including:
  • interface selection is performed
  • the packet data is forwarded through the selected interface according to the found path.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a packet data sending method, including:
  • the cluster head is selected from the cluster head table and the packet data is sent to the cluster head.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a packet data sending method, including:
  • the packet data is sent to the core network; if the identifier of the destination terminal is found, it is determined whether the access state of the destination terminal is direct access;
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a terminal, including:
  • a receiving unit configured to receive packet data from a source terminal, where the packet data includes an identifier of the destination terminal
  • a searching unit configured to search, according to the identifier of the destination terminal received by the receiving unit, whether there is a path to the destination terminal in the route cache table;
  • a selecting unit configured to perform interface selection when the searching unit finds a path to the destination terminal
  • a sending unit configured to forward the packet data by using an interface selected by the selecting unit according to the path of the destination terminal that is found by the searching unit.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides another terminal, including:
  • An obtaining unit configured to acquire packet data that needs to be sent
  • a determining unit configured to determine whether the access status of the terminal is direct access
  • a selecting unit configured to select a cluster head from the cluster head table when the determining unit determines that the access state of the terminal is not direct access
  • a sending unit configured to: when the determining unit determines that the access status of the terminal is direct access, send the packet data to the base station; and when the determining unit determines that the access status of the terminal is not directly accessed, The packet data is sent to a cluster head selected by the selection unit.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a base station, including:
  • a receiving unit configured to receive packet data, where the packet data includes an identifier of the destination terminal, and a searching unit, configured to search for an identifier of the destination terminal from the terminal status table;
  • a determining unit configured to determine, when the searching unit finds the identifier of the destination terminal, whether the access status of the destination terminal is direct access;
  • a selecting unit configured to perform cluster head selection when the determining unit determines that the access state of the destination terminal is not directly connected
  • a sending unit configured to: when the searching unit does not find the identifier of the destination terminal, send the packet data to the core network; when the determining unit determines that the access state of the destination terminal is direct access, Transmitting the packet data to the destination terminal; and when the access state of the destination terminal is not directly accessing, sending the packet data to a cluster head selected by the selecting unit.
  • the terminal can determine the sending manner of the packet data according to the access state of the terminal, and maintain the cluster head table in the terminal, and perform packet data transmission. Only the cluster head needs to be selected from the cluster head table, and then the packet data is sent to the cluster head or directly sent to the base station.
  • the terminal does not need to send the packet data to the base station.
  • the relay request is sent, that is, the link processing is performed at the terminal, thereby reducing the resource overhead of the base station, and the terminal only needs to maintain the cluster head information, which can reduce the communication complexity.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a cellular adhoc network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 is a flowchart of Embodiment 1 of a method for sending packet data according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Embodiment 3 is a flowchart of Embodiment 2 of a method for sending packet data according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Embodiment 4 is a flowchart of Embodiment 3 of a method for sending packet data according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the cellular adhoc network according to the embodiment of the present invention is introduced, and the cellular provided by the embodiment of the present invention is introduced.
  • the architecture of the adhoc network is shown in Figure 1:
  • Different sector clusters in the cell form a virtual cluster 1011 in the cell, and the cluster heads of the virtual clusters in the small area cooperate between the sectors for flexible access of the terminal.
  • the sector clusters of the adjacent cells form an inter-cell virtual cluster 1021, and the cluster heads of the small-area virtual clusters perform small-area cooperation for inter-cluster communication and inter-cell load balancing during hybrid access and cooperative access.
  • the virtual clusters in the small area are divided into a hybrid access area 1012, a cluster head area 1013 and a direct access area 1014 according to the distance from the base station, wherein the hybrid access area is farthest from the base station, and the direct access area is closest to the base station;
  • the access state of the terminal may be direct access. If the terminal is in the hybrid access zone, the terminal may access the base station by using the cellular relay, and the access state of the terminal may be cooperative access; or the terminal may access the base station through the adhoc relay, and the access status of the terminal may be For hybrid access. If the terminal does not receive the information of the base station and the cluster head, the access status of the terminal is "adhoc".
  • the access status of terminals in different access zones can be as shown in Table 1.
  • the small interval virtual cluster is divided into hybrid access areas according to the distance from the center of the virtual cluster between the cells.
  • the cluster head selection and clustering in the embodiment of the present invention are initiated by the base station, and the cluster head selection and clustering may be performed periodically or in an event. The triggering is performed, for example, after the base station receives the relay request sent by the terminal.
  • cluster head selection and clustering can be performed as follows:
  • the base station broadcasts a cluster head selection request in the cell range, and carries parameters such as location information of the base station, cell radius R, cell utilization rate U, and cluster head threshold C.
  • the terminal that receives the cluster head selection request calculates the distance L between itself and the base station. If L is greater than threshold 1 (threshold 1 may be R/2 in one embodiment of the invention) and less than threshold 2 (in one embodiment of the invention threshold 2 may be 3R/4), then the terminal is at the cluster head
  • the terminal sets the access state S to direct access; otherwise, it indicates that the terminal is in the direct access zone or the hybrid access zone. In this case, the terminal access state S can be set to direct access, and then the terminal is further configured by the terminal.
  • the cluster head announcement is updated.
  • the terminal in the cluster head area estimates the quality of the link between itself and the base station according to the cluster head selection request information, and the quality of the link between the terminal and the base station may be the path loss P L . SS ; The terminal then judges whether the cluster head selection requirement is met according to its residual energy information N Rest . In one embodiment of the invention, if a terminal has a P! ⁇ .
  • Ss /N Rest ⁇ C indicates that the terminal meets the requirements of the cluster head selection, and the terminal sends a cluster head announcement, where the cluster head announcement information includes the resource information of the terminal and the utilization rate U of the cell where the terminal is located, where the resource information of the terminal includes The remaining energy of the terminal and the path loss between the terminal and the base station, and the cluster head announcement sent may be a cellular cluster head announcement and an adhoc cluster head announcement.
  • the terminal that receives the cluster head announcement updates the access status and the cluster head table:
  • the terminal that can receive the announcement of the cellular cluster head will update S to "cooperative access”; only the terminal that can receive the announcement of the adhoc cluster head will update S to "hybrid” Into".
  • the cluster head announcement can be received and the distance L between the terminal and the base station is greater than the threshold 2, and the terminal updates S to "cooperative access".
  • the cluster head table maintained by the terminal may be as shown in Table 2.
  • PL. ssCell is the link path loss between the terminal cellular interface and the cluster head
  • N Restcdl is the energy of the cellular interface
  • PL. Ss is the link path loss between the terminal adhoc interface and the cluster head
  • N Rest is the energy of the adhoc interface.
  • the terminal After updating the access status and the cluster head table, the terminal performs the cluster head announcement confirmation, and carries the resource information and the access status of the terminal in the cluster head announcement confirmation; wherein the resource information of the terminal may include the remaining energy of the terminal, and the terminal.
  • the path loss of the link with the base station may specifically include the remaining energy of the cell interface of the terminal and the path loss of the link between the cell interface and the base station, the remaining energy of the adhoc interface of the terminal, and the path loss of the link of the adhoc interface and the base station.
  • the cluster head After receiving the cluster head announcement confirmation from the terminal, the cluster head updates the virtual cluster table maintained by the cluster head according to the information carried in the cluster head announcement confirmation.
  • the virtual cluster table maintained by the cluster head is as shown in Table 3.
  • the cluster head After updating the virtual cluster head table, the cluster head performs a cluster head selection response, and the cluster head selection response may carry the resource information of the cluster head and the virtual cluster table information maintained by the cluster head; the resource information of the cluster head may include the remaining of the cluster head The path loss of the energy and the link between the cluster head and the base station.
  • the communication between the cluster head and the base station uses only the cell interface.
  • the resource information of the cluster head may specifically be the remaining energy of the cell interface of the cluster head and the link between the cell interface and the base station. Road damage.
  • the base station After receiving the cluster head selection response from the cluster head, the base station updates the terminal status table according to the information carried in the cluster head selection response.
  • the terminal status table maintained by the base station is as shown in Table 4.
  • the base station processes the virtual cluster table information on the cluster head, and forms a cluster head list information of the terminal for the cluster head of the same terminal.
  • the base station only needs to save the remaining energy information of the cluster head.
  • the cluster head Based on the virtual cluster head mechanism of the cluster partition, the cluster head serves as a convergence point of the signaling information, which can greatly reduce the overhead of the base station, and the signaling convergence point is not single. Can increase reliability.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the first embodiment of the packet data sending method.
  • the embodiment describes the processing flow of the source terminal, including:
  • the access modes of the different access states of the terminal are different.
  • the default packet data sending mechanism of the terminals in different access states is as shown in Table 5.
  • the direct access packet data is directly sent to the BS, and the BS is responsible for forwarding, using the cell interface; If the user requests to adopt the adhoc mode, select the relay point cooperative access cooperation mechanism from the cluster head list, select the relay point access from the cluster head list, and use the cell interface to select the neighboring cluster head access.
  • the hybrid access selects the relay point access from the cluster head list, and uses the adhoc interface to select the neighboring cluster head access.
  • Adhoc uses adhoc interface, traditional adhoc mechanism
  • the source terminal may select a cluster head from the cluster head table according to the following principle:
  • the threshold 1 in one embodiment of the present invention, the threshold 1 may be 90%
  • the utilization ratio U of the neighboring cell is less than the threshold 2 (in the present invention) In an embodiment, the threshold 1 may be 60%
  • the cluster head selection and interface selection can be performed according to the resource information of the cluster head. In one embodiment of the invention, if the remaining energy of the cluster head is greater and the quality of the link between the cluster head and the terminal is better, the likelihood of being selected is greater. In an embodiment of the present invention, the cluster head is selected by using the residual energy of the cluster head and the joint value of the link loss of the cluster head and the link of the terminal, and the remaining energy of the cluster head and the chain of the cluster head and the terminal can be calculated by the following formula: The combined value of the road's path loss:
  • P L . SS is the link path loss between the terminal adhoc interface and the cluster head
  • N Rest is the energy of the adhoc interface.
  • the cluster head with the larger combined value is selected, so that the cluster head of the remaining energy and the path loss joint value is optimal.
  • the interface will be selected. Specifically, if the selected cluster head is a cellular cluster head, the corresponding interface is a cellular interface; if the selected cluster head is an adhoc cluster head, the corresponding interface is an adhoc interface.
  • the source terminal may send a relay request to the base station, trigger the base station to perform cluster head selection and clustering, so that the source terminal can send according to the cluster head.
  • the cluster head announcement updates the cluster head table so that the source terminal can select the cluster head from the updated cluster head table.
  • the source terminal can determine the sending manner of the packet data according to its own access state, and maintain the cluster head table in the terminal, and only need to select the cluster from the cluster head table when transmitting the packet data.
  • the packet data is sent to the cluster head or directly sent to the base station.
  • the terminal does not need to send a relay request to the base station when transmitting the packet data, that is, the chain is performed at the terminal.
  • the path processing reduces the resource overhead of the base station, and the source terminal only needs to maintain the cluster head information, which can reduce the communication complexity.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a second embodiment of a packet data sending method.
  • the embodiment describes a process flow of a source terminal, including:
  • the source terminal can simultaneously implement cellular access and ad hoc network communication within the virtual cluster.
  • the source terminal can divide the service into two categories: the cellular access service and the adhoc service, thereby maintaining two packet buffer areas.
  • the cellular access service when selecting the cluster head, the cellular interface is preferentially selected; for the adhoc service, the priority is selected.
  • Adhoc interface the classification of the business can be carried out according to the user's usage habits, the geographical business layout, and the characteristics of the business. For packets without a service class identifier, the default packet data transmission mechanism is adopted.
  • the source terminal can determine the manner in which the packet data is transmitted according to its own access state, and maintains the cluster head table in the terminal, and only needs to be from the cluster head when transmitting the packet data.
  • the cluster head is selected in the table, and the packet data is sent to the cluster head or directly sent to the base station.
  • the terminal does not need to send a relay request to the base station when sending the packet data, that is, The link processing is performed on the terminal, so that the resource overhead of the base station is reduced, and the source terminal only needs to maintain the cluster head information, which can reduce the communication complexity.
  • the source terminal can select the adhoc interface according to the service type corresponding to the packet data. Or a cellular interface that allows the source terminal to flexibly select an interface for communication.
  • the method before the source terminal sends the packet data to the cluster head, the method further includes: adding a time to live (TTL) field in the packet data, setting a field value of the TTL field, and setting a TTL field.
  • TTL time to live
  • the field value enables the cluster head to perform neighbor cluster head search based on the field value, thereby improving the success rate of communication.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a third embodiment of a packet data sending method.
  • the embodiment describes a cluster head processing process, including:
  • the route cache table maintained by the cluster head may be as shown in Table 6.
  • the resource information of the cellular interface of the destination terminal and the resource information of the adhoc interface of the destination terminal recorded in the virtual cluster table may be compared; if the resource information of the cellular interface is superior to the resource information of the adhoc interface, the cellular interface is selected; , select the adhoc interface. Specifically, the path loss of the link between the cellular interface and the cluster head of the destination terminal and the residual energy of the cellular interface of the destination terminal, the path loss of the link between the adhoc interface of the destination terminal and the cluster head, and the destination terminal The combined values of the remaining energy of the adhoc interface are compared.
  • the virtual cluster head request includes an identification of the destination terminal to facilitate the neighboring sector cluster head to find out if the destination terminal is a member of the sector cluster in which the adjacent sector cluster head is located.
  • the virtual cluster head response is sent by the neighboring sector cluster head to find that the destination terminal is a member of the sector cluster. 406. Send packet data to an adjacent sector cluster head; end the process.
  • packet data can be transmitted to an adjacent sector cluster head through an adhoc interface or a cellular interface.
  • communication between the cluster heads uses only the adhoc interface, and then the packet data is transmitted to the adjacent sector cluster head only through the adhoc interface.
  • the resource information of the adjacent sector cluster head recorded in the virtual cluster table may be firstly used, from the at least two adjacent sectors.
  • An adjacent sector cluster head is selected in the cluster head, and the packet data is sent to the selected one of the adjacent sector cluster heads.
  • an adjacent sector cluster head may be selected from at least two adjacent mountain cluster heads according to resource information of the adjacent cluster head; for example, according to remaining energy of the adjacent cluster head and a link between the adjacent cluster head and itself The joint value of the path loss is selected.
  • the packet data when the cluster head does not reach the path of the destination terminal in the route cache table, the packet data can be sent to the adjacent sector cluster head, and the packet data is sent to the destination terminal through the adjacent sector cluster head. Therefore, the packet data is not required to be transmitted by the base station, that is, the link processing is performed at the terminal, and the resource overhead of the base station is reduced.
  • the cluster head only needs to maintain the information of the cluster head of the adjacent sector and the information of the terminal in the cluster, which can reduce the complexity of the communication. degree.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a fourth embodiment of a packet data sending method.
  • the embodiment describes a cluster head processing process, including:
  • 501 Receive packet data from a source terminal, where the packet data includes an identifier of a destination terminal and a TTL field.
  • the packet data when the cluster head does not reach the path of the destination terminal in the route cache table, the packet data can be sent to the adjacent sector cluster head, and the packet data is sent to the destination terminal through the adjacent sector cluster head. Therefore, the packet data is not required to be transmitted by the base station, that is, the link processing is performed at the terminal, and the resource overhead of the base station is reduced.
  • the cluster head only needs to maintain the information of the cluster head of the adjacent sector and the information of the terminal in the cluster, which can reduce the complexity of the communication. Further, the cluster head may send a virtual cluster head request to the adjacent sector cluster head according to the TTL field in the packet data, thereby expanding the range of communication and improving the success rate of the communication.
  • the cluster head in order for the cluster head to be faster when transmitting subsequent packet data, the cluster head may further update the maintained route cache table according to the transmitted path after transmitting the packet data.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting a packet data according to Embodiment 5, where the processing flow of the base station is described, including:
  • the packet data includes an identifier of the destination terminal.
  • a cluster head is selected from the cluster head table according to the resource information of the cluster head, and then the packet data is sent to the selected cluster head through the cellular interface; specifically, according to The path loss of the path between the base station and the cluster head, the path loss of the link between the cluster head and the terminal, and the joint value of the remaining energy of the cluster head select a cluster head from the cluster head table.
  • the path loss of the path between the base station and the cluster head, the path loss of the link between the cluster head and the terminal, and the joint energy of the cluster head may be calculated by:
  • PLO SSC -M is the path loss of the link from the cluster head to the terminal.
  • the base station can directly send the packet data to the destination terminal or the cluster head according to the access state of the terminal, so that the packet data can be sent to the destination terminal through the cluster head, that is, part of the link processing is performed at the terminal. , reducing the resource overhead of the base station.
  • FIG. 7 describes the structure of the first embodiment of the terminal, including: an obtaining unit 701, configured to acquire packet data that needs to be sent;
  • the determining unit 702 is configured to determine, after the acquiring unit 701 acquires the packet data, whether the access status of the terminal is direct access;
  • the selecting unit 703 is configured to select a cluster head from the cluster head table when the determining unit 702 determines that the access status of the terminal is not directly accessed;
  • the sending unit 704 is configured to: when the determining unit 702 determines that the access status of the terminal is direct access, send the packet data to the base station; and when the determining unit 702 determines that the access status of the terminal is not directly accessed, the packet data is The cluster head selected by the selection unit 703 is sent.
  • the terminal can determine the sending manner of the packet data according to the access state of the terminal, and maintain the cluster head table in the terminal, and only need to select the cluster head from the cluster head table when transmitting the packet data. Then, the packet data is sent to the cluster head or directly sent to the base station. As long as there is cluster head information in the cluster head table, the terminal does not need to send a relay request to the base station when transmitting the packet data, that is, at the end. The link processing is performed to reduce the resource overhead of the base station. At the same time, the terminal only needs to maintain the cluster head information, which can reduce the communication complexity.
  • the determining unit 702 of the terminal may be further configured to determine, when determining that the access state of the terminal is not directly accessed, the type of the service corresponding to the packet data acquired by the acquiring unit 701;
  • the selecting unit 703 is further configured to: when the determining unit 702 determines that the type of the service corresponding to the packet data is a cellular access service, select a cellular cluster head from the cluster head table; and determine, by the determining unit 702, the type of the service corresponding to the packet data.
  • the adhoc cluster head is selected from the cluster head table.
  • the terminal may select an adhoc interface or a cellular interface according to the service type corresponding to the packet data, so that the terminal can flexibly select the interface for communication.
  • Figure 8 illustrates the structure of the second embodiment of the terminal, including:
  • the receiving unit 801 is configured to receive a cluster head announcement from the cluster head, where the cluster head announcement includes resource information of the cluster head and a utilization rate of a cell where the cluster head is located;
  • the updating unit 802 is configured to update the access state according to the cluster head advertisement received by the receiving unit 801, and update the cluster head table according to the resource information of the cluster head and the utilization rate of the cell where the cluster head is located; the acquiring unit 804, For obtaining packet data that needs to be sent;
  • the determining unit 805 is configured to determine, after the obtaining unit 804 obtains the packet data, whether the access status of the terminal is direct access;
  • the selecting unit 806 is configured to select a cluster head from the cluster head table when the determining unit 805 determines that the access status of the terminal is not direct access;
  • the setting unit 807 is configured to: when the determining unit 805 determines that the access status of the terminal is not direct access, add a TTL field in the packet data, and set a field value of the TTL field;
  • the cluster head can perform neighbor cluster head search according to the field value of the TTL field.
  • the sending unit 803 is configured to send a cluster head announcement confirmation to the cluster head, and the cluster head announcement confirmation includes the resource information of the terminal and the updated access status of the updating unit 802, so that the cluster head updates the virtual cluster table;
  • the packet data is sent to the base station;
  • the determining unit 805 determines that the access status of the terminal is not directly accessed, the packet data of the TTL field added by the setting unit 807 is sent to the packet data.
  • the cluster head selected by unit 806 is selected.
  • the terminal can determine the sending manner of the packet data according to the access state of the terminal, and maintain the cluster head table in the terminal, and only need to select the cluster head from the cluster head table when transmitting the packet data. Then, the packet data is sent to the cluster head or directly sent to the base station. As long as there is cluster head information in the cluster head table, the terminal does not need to send a relay request to the base station when transmitting the packet data, that is, the link is performed at the terminal.
  • the terminal thereby reducing the resource overhead of the base station, and the terminal only needs to maintain the cluster head information, which can reduce the communication complexity; and the terminal can select the adhoc interface or the cellular interface according to the service type corresponding to the packet data when the cluster head is selected, so that the terminal can be flexible.
  • the interface is selected to communicate; further, the TTL field is added to the packet data, so that the cluster head performs neighbor cluster head search according to the field value, thereby expanding the communication range and improving the communication success rate.
  • Figure 9 illustrates the structure of the third embodiment of the terminal, including:
  • the receiving unit 901 is configured to receive packet data from the source terminal, where the packet data includes an identifier of the destination terminal.
  • the searching unit 902 is configured to search, according to the identifier of the destination terminal received by the receiving unit 901, whether there is a path to the destination terminal in the route cache table;
  • the selecting unit 903 is configured to perform interface selection when the searching unit 902 finds a path to the destination terminal;
  • the sending unit 904 is configured to forward the packet data by using the interface selected by the selecting unit 903 according to the path of the destination terminal that is found by the searching unit 902.
  • the terminal when the terminal does not reach the path of the destination terminal in the route cache table, the terminal may send the packet data to the cluster head of the adjacent sector, and send the packet data to the destination terminal through the cluster head of the adjacent sector. Therefore, the packet data is not required to be transmitted by the base station, that is, the link processing is performed on the terminal, and the resource overhead of the base station is reduced.
  • the terminal in this embodiment only needs to maintain the information of the cluster head of the adjacent sector and the information of the terminal in the cluster, which can be reduced. The complexity of communication.
  • the sending unit 904 included in the terminal may be further configured to: when the searching unit 902 cannot find the path to the destination terminal, send a virtual cluster head request to the adjacent sector cluster head, and the virtual cluster head request
  • the identifier of the target terminal is included; the virtual cluster head request includes an identifier of the destination terminal, so that the cluster head of the adjacent sector can find, according to the identifier of the destination terminal, whether the destination terminal is a sector cluster of the cluster head of the adjacent sector. member.
  • the receiving unit 901 included in the terminal can also be used to receive adjacent sectors.
  • the virtual cluster head response sent by the cluster head is sent by the cluster head of the adjacent sector to find that the destination terminal is a member of the sector cluster.
  • the sending unit 904 can also be configured to send the packet data to the adjacent sector cluster head that sent the virtual cluster head response.
  • the sending unit 904 may include a selecting unit, configured to: when the receiving unit 901 receives the virtual cluster head response sent by the at least two adjacent sector cluster heads, according to the cluster head of the adjacent sector recorded in the virtual cluster table Resource information, selecting an adjacent sector cluster head from at least two adjacent sector cluster heads; and processing unit, configured to send the packet data to an adjacent sector cluster head selected by the selecting unit.
  • the terminal can select a neighboring sector cluster head with the best resource when a plurality of adjacent sector cluster heads can be selected, thereby improving communication quality.
  • Figure 10 depicts the structure of the fourth embodiment of the terminal, including:
  • the receiving unit 1001 is configured to receive packet data from the source terminal, where the packet data includes an identifier of the destination terminal, receive a virtual cluster head response sent by the cluster head of the adjacent sector, and the virtual cluster head response is searched by the cluster head of the adjacent sector.
  • the terminal is sent after the member of the sector cluster; receiving a cluster head selection request from the base station, the cluster head selection request includes a cell radius, a cell utilization rate, and a cluster head threshold; the cluster head announcement confirmation sent by the receiving terminal, and the cluster head announcement confirmation includes the terminal Resource information and access status after terminal update;
  • the searching unit 1002 is configured to search, according to the identifier of the destination terminal received by the receiving unit 1001, whether the routing cache table has a path to the destination terminal;
  • the selecting unit 1003 is configured to perform interface selection when the searching unit 1002 finds a path to the destination terminal;
  • the selecting unit 1003 may include a comparing unit, configured to compare resource information of a cellular interface of the destination terminal recorded in the virtual cluster table with resource information of an adhoc interface of the destination terminal; And when the comparing unit determines that the resource information of the cellular interface is better than the resource information of the adhoc interface, selecting the cellular interface; when the comparing unit determines that the resource information of the adhoc interface is superior to the resource information of the cellular interface, selecting the adhoc interface.
  • a comparing unit configured to compare resource information of a cellular interface of the destination terminal recorded in the virtual cluster table with resource information of an adhoc interface of the destination terminal. And when the comparing unit determines that the resource information of the cellular interface is better than the resource information of the adhoc interface, selecting the cellular interface; when the comparing unit determines that the resource information of the adhoc interface is superior to the resource information of the cellular interface, selecting the adhoc interface.
  • the calculating unit 1005, the packet data used by the receiving unit 1001 further includes a TTL field, and when the receiving unit 1001 does not receive the virtual cluster head response sent by the cluster head of the adjacent sector, the field value of the TTL field is decremented by 1 and triggered.
  • the transmitting unit 1004 sends a virtual cluster head request to the adjacent sector cluster head until the field value of the TTL field is 0.
  • a calculation processing unit 1006 configured to calculate a distance between the terminal and the base station, according to the terminal and the base station The distance of the cell received by the receiving unit 1001 determines whether the terminal is in the cluster head area; the determining unit 1007 is configured to determine, according to the resource information of the terminal, whether the cluster head threshold is met when the calculating processing unit 1006 determines that the terminal is in the cluster head area;
  • the updating unit 1008 is configured to: when the determining unit 1007 determines that the resource information of the terminal meets the cluster head threshold, update the access status to direct access; and confirm, according to the cluster head announcement, the resource information including the terminal and the access status after the terminal is updated.
  • the virtual cluster table is updated;
  • the sending unit 1004 is configured to forward the packet data by using the interface selected by the selecting unit 1003 according to the path of the destination terminal found by the searching unit 1002; and to the adjacent sector cluster when the searching unit 1002 cannot find the path to the destination terminal.
  • the header sends a virtual cluster head request, and the virtual cluster head request includes an identifier of the destination terminal, so that the neighboring sector cluster head finds whether the destination terminal is a member of the sector cluster where the adjacent sector cluster head is located;
  • the data is sent to the neighboring sector cluster head that sent the virtual cluster head response; when the determining unit 1007 determines that the resource information of the terminal satisfies the cluster head threshold, the clustering header sends the cluster head announcement, so as to receive the terminal pair of the cluster head announcement
  • the access status is updated; the cluster head selection response is sent to the base station, and the cluster head selection response includes resource information of the cluster head and virtual cluster table information, so that the base station updates the terminal status table.
  • the terminal when the terminal does not reach the path of the destination terminal in the route cache table, the terminal may send the packet data to the cluster head of the adjacent sector, and send the packet data to the destination terminal through the cluster head of the adjacent sector. Therefore, the packet data is not required to be transmitted by the base station, that is, the link processing is performed on the terminal, and the resource overhead of the base station is reduced.
  • the terminal in this embodiment only needs to maintain the information of the cluster head of the adjacent sector and the information of the terminal in the cluster, which can be reduced. The complexity of communication.
  • Figure 11 is a diagram showing the structure of the first embodiment of the base station, including:
  • the receiving unit 1101 is configured to receive packet data, where the packet data includes an identifier of the destination terminal, and the searching unit 1102 is configured to: search, according to the packet data received by the receiving unit 1101, the identifier of the destination terminal from the terminal status table;
  • the determining unit 1103 is configured to: when the searching unit 1102 finds the identifier of the destination terminal, determine whether the access status of the target terminal is direct access;
  • the selecting unit 1104 is configured to perform cluster head selection when the determining unit 1103 determines that the access status of the destination terminal is not directly accessed;
  • the sending unit 1105 is configured to: when the searching unit 1102 does not find the identifier of the destination terminal, send the packet data to the core network; when the determining unit 1103 determines that the access state of the destination terminal is direct access, send the packet data to the destination terminal; When the access state of the destination terminal is not direct access, the packet data is transmitted to the cluster head selected by the selection unit 1104.
  • the base station can directly send the packet data to the destination terminal or the cluster head according to the access state of the terminal, so that the packet data can be sent to the destination terminal through the cluster head, that is, part of the link processing is performed at the terminal. , reducing the resource overhead of the base station.
  • Figure 12 depicts the structure of the second embodiment of the base station, including:
  • the receiving unit 1201 is configured to receive packet data, where the packet data includes an identifier of the destination terminal, and a cluster head selection response that receives a response from the cluster head to the cluster head selection request, where the cluster head selection response includes resource information of the cluster head and virtual cluster table information.
  • the searching unit 1202 is configured to search for an identifier of the destination terminal from the terminal status table according to the identifier of the destination terminal included in the packet data received by the receiving unit 1201.
  • the determining unit 1203 is configured to: when the searching unit 1202 finds the identifier of the destination terminal, determine whether the access status of the target terminal is direct access;
  • the selecting unit 1204 is configured to perform cluster head selection when the determining unit 1203 determines that the access status of the destination terminal is not directly accessed;
  • the sending unit 1205 is configured to: when the searching unit 1202 does not find the identifier of the destination terminal, send the packet data to the core network; when the determining unit 1203 determines that the access state of the destination terminal is direct access, send the packet data to the destination terminal; When the access state of the destination terminal is not direct access, the cluster head selected by the selecting unit 1204 transmits packet data; the broadcast cluster head selection request includes a cell radius, a cell utilization rate, and a cluster head threshold;
  • the terminal receiving the cluster head selection request can confirm whether the terminal is a cluster head by using a cell radius, a cell utilization, and a cluster head threshold included in the cluster head selection request;
  • the updating unit 1206 is configured to update the terminal status table according to the cluster head selection response received by the receiving unit 1201.
  • the base station can directly send the packet data to the destination terminal or the cluster head according to the access state of the terminal, so that the packet data can be sent to the destination terminal through the cluster head, that is, in the terminal.
  • the part of the link processing is performed to reduce the resource overhead of the base station.
  • the terminal status table can be updated according to the cluster head selection response, so that the record in the terminal status table is correct, and the reliability of the communication can be improved.
  • the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), or a random access memory (RAM).

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Description

分组数据发送方法、 基站和终端
技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域， 具体涉及分组数据发送方法、 基站和终端。 背景技术
多跳中继是一种使网络在没有固定接入点条件下运行的手段，最早在自组 织（adhoc )网络中得到研究和应用。 adhoc网络没有固定的基础设施， 也没有 固定的路由器， 所有节点都是移动的， 并且所有节点都能以任意方式动态地保 持与其他节点的联系。 网络中所有节点的地位平等， 无需设置任何的中心控制 节点。 网络中的节点不仅具有普通移动终端所需的功能， 而且具有报文转发能 力。 在这种环境中， 由于终端的无线覆盖范围的有限性， 两个无法直接进行通 信的用户终端可以借助于其他节点进行分组转发， 也即多跳通信。 近几年来， 将多跳中继技术运用到传统的蜂窝（cell )网络中， 组建新型的蜂窝多跳网络， 也已成为无线通信中新的研究热点。在蜂窝多跳网中，移动台能够通过一个或 多个中继节点连接到对应的蜂窝小区基站。 中继节点的使用减小了路径损耗， 改善了每条传输链路的通信质量，从而大大提高了整个蜂窝小区的容量和覆盖 范围。在蜂窝多跳网中，寻找合适的中继节点对于提高整个系统的性能是非常 关键的， 这就需要有效的路由算法。
现有的一种分组数据发送方法是这样的： 考虑蜂窝多跳网以基站 （BS: Base Station )为中心的特点，将传统的分布式路由方式改为基站统一为各节点 提供路由的集中处理方式。 基站维护所有终端 （MS: Mobile Station )之间的 链路状态， 并根据维护的链路状态为终端的通信集中选择路径。 采用集中的处 理方式后，基站能够通过处理和维护路由过程中所得到的信息， 逐步获取小区 的拓朴结构。
同时考虑 2跳接入蜂窝的情况， 当 MS与基站的链路质量恶化， 需要进行 中继时， 先发出中继请求给 BS, 要求 BS提供一个多跳路由。 如果 BS找不到 路径， MS就向临近节点广播中继请求寻路信号， 中间节点在收到中继请求后， 返回信令给基站。基站据此可以获得第一跳链路的质量， 并测量得到第二跳链 路质量。这样每收到一个中间节点发出的中继请求响应，基站都更新一次自己 的信道质量矩阵。 在更新完信道质量矩阵后， 基站再次运行寻路算法， 此时基 站已经获取了与 MS有关的全部信道信息，从而选出中继节点， 并将选出的中 继节点反馈给 MS, 使 MS可以通过中继节点进行分组数据发送。
在对现有技术的研究中， 发明人发现： 使用现有的分组数据发送方法时， 每次分组中继分发都需进行中继请求， 并且所有的链路处理都由基站进行，使 基站的资源开销很大， 并且通信复杂度高。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了分组数据发送方法、基站和终端， 能够在终端进行链 路处理。
本发明实施例提供了一种分组数据发送方法， 包括：
接收来自源终端的分组数据， 所述分组数据包括目的终端的标识； 查找路由緩存表中是否有到达所述目的终端的路径；
如果查找到有到达所述目的终端的路径， 进行接口选择；
根据查找到的路径通过选择的接口转发所述分组数据。
本发明实施例还提供了一种分组数据发送方法， 包括：
获取需要发送的分组数据；
判断接入状态是否为直接接入；
如果接入状态是直接接入， 将所述分组数据发送给基站；
如果接入状态不是直接接入，从簇头表中选择簇头，将所述分组数据发送 给所述簇头。
本发明实施例还提供了一种分组数据发送方法， 包括：
接收分组数据， 所述分组数据包括目的终端的标识；
从终端状态表中查找所述目的终端的标识；
如果没有查找到所述目的终端的标识， 向核心网发送所述分组数据； 如果查找到所述目的终端的标识，判断所述目的终端的接入状态是否为直 接接入；
如果所述目的终端的接入状态为直接接入，向所述目的终端发送所述分组 数据； 如果所述目的终端的接入状态不是直接接入， 进行簇头选择， 向选择的 簇头发送所述分组数据。 本发明实施例还提供了一种终端， 包括：
接收单元， 用于接收来自源终端的分组数据， 所述分组数据包括目的终端 的标识；
查找单元，用于根据所述接收单元接收的目的终端的标识查找路由緩存表 中是否有到达所述目的终端的路径；
选择单元， 用于在所述查找单元查找到有到达目的终端的路径时， 进行接 口选择；
发送单元， 用于根据所述查找单元查找到的到达目的终端的路径，通过所 述选择单元选择的接口转发所述分组数据。
本发明实施例还提供了另一种终端， 包括：
获取单元， 用于获取需要发送的分组数据；
判断单元， 用于判断所述终端的接入状态是否为直接接入；
选择单元， 用于在所述判断单元判断所述终端的接入状态不是直接接入 时， 从簇头表中选择簇头；
发送单元， 用于在所述判断单元判断所述终端的接入状态是直接接入时， 将所述分组数据发送给基站；在判断单元判断所述终端的接入状态不是直接接 入时， 将所述分组数据发送给所述选择单元选择的簇头。
本发明实施例还提供了一种基站， 包括：
接收单元， 用于接收分组数据， 所述分组数据包括目的终端的标识； 查找单元， 用于从终端状态表中查找所述目的终端的标识；
判断单元， 用于在所述查找单元查找到所述目的终端的标识时， 判断所述 目的终端的接入状态是否为直接接入；
选择单元，用于在所述判断单元判断所述目的终端的接入状态不是直接接 入时， 进行簇头选择；
发送单元， 用于在所述查找单元没有查找到所述目的终端的标识时， 向核 心网发送所述分组数据；在所述判断单元判断所述目的终端的接入状态为直接 接入时， 向所述目的终端发送所述分组数据； 在所述目的终端的接入状态不是 直接接入时， 向所述选择单元选择的簇头发送所述分组数据。 从本发明实施例提供的以上技术方案可以看出，由于本实施例中终端可以 根据自身的接入状态确定分组数据的发送方式， 并且在终端中维护了簇头表， 在进行分组数据的发送时仅需要从簇头表中选择簇头，再将分组数据发送给簇 头或直接发送给基站即可， 只要簇头表中有簇头的信息， 终端在发送分组数据 时都不需要向基站发送中继请求， 即在终端进行链路处理，从而减少基站的资 源开销， 同时终端仅需要维护簇头信息， 可以减少通信复杂度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施 例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作筒单地介绍，显而易见地， 下面描述 中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲， 在不付 出创造性劳动性的前提下， 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1为本发明实施例中蜂窝 adhoc网络的架构图；
图 2为本发明实施例中分组数据发送方法实施例一的流程图；
图 3为本发明实施例中分组数据发送方法实施例二的流程图；
图 4为本发明实施例中分组数据发送方法实施例三的流程图；
图 7为本发明实施例中终端实施例一的结构图；
图 8为本发明实施例中终端实施例二的结构图；
图 9为本发明实施例中终端实施例三的结构图；
图 10为本发明实施例中终端实施例四的结构图；
图 11为本发明实施例中基站实施例一的结构图；
图 12为本发明实施例中基站实施例二的结构图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清 楚、 完整地描述， 显然， 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例， 而不是 全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造 性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例， 都属于本发明保护的范围。
先介绍本发明实施例涉及的蜂窝 adhoc 网络， 本发明实施例提供的蜂窝 adhoc网络的架构如图 1所示：
小区内的不同扇区簇形成了小区内虚拟簇 1011 , 小区内虚拟簇的簇头进 行扇区间协作， 以便终端灵活接入。
相邻小区的扇区簇组成了小区间虚拟簇 1021 , 小区间虚拟簇的簇头进行 小区间协作， 以便簇间通信和混合接入及协作接入时的小区间负载平衡。
小区内虚拟簇根据距离基站的距离分成了混合接入区 1012, 簇头区 1013 和直接接入区 1014, 其中混合接入区离基站最远， 直接接入区离基站最近； 如果终端处于直接接入区和簇头区， 则终端的接入状态可以是直接接入。如果 终端处于混合接入区， 则终端可以蜂窝中继接入基站， 此时终端的接入状态可 以为协作接入； 或者终端可以通过 adhoc中继接入基站， 此时终端的接入状态 可以为混合接入。 如果终端收不到基站和簇头的信息， 则终端的接入状态为 "adhoc"。 不同接入区的终端的接入状态可以如表 1所示。
表 1
Figure imgf000007_0001
小区间虚拟簇根据距离该小区间虚拟簇的中心的距离分成了混合接入区
1022, 簇头区 1023和直接接入区 1024, 其中混合接入区离该小区间虚拟簇的 中心最远， 直接接入区离该小区间虚拟簇的中心最近。 为了实现移动终端 adhoc方式的可运营和可管理，本发明实施例的簇头选 择和分簇由基站发起，簇头的选择和分簇可以是周期性地进行， 也可以在事件 的触发下进行， 例如可以在基站接收了终端发送的中继请求后进行。在本发明 的一个实施例中， 簇头选择和分簇可以按照如下流程进行：
基站在本小区范围内广播簇头选择请求，携带基站的位置信息， 小区半径 R, 小区利用率 U和簇头阈值 C等参数。接收到簇头选择请求的终端计算自身 与基站之间的距离 L。 如果 L大于阈值 1 (在本发明的一个实施例中阈值 1可 以为 R/2 ) 并小于阈值 2 (在本发明的一个实施例中阈值 2可以为 3R/4 ), 则 表明终端处于簇头区， 终端将接入状态 S设置为直接接入； 否则， 表明终端处 于直接接入区或混合接入区， 此时可以先将终端接入状态 S设置为直接接入， 后续再由终端根据簇头公告进行更新。
处于簇头区的终端根据簇头选择请求信息估计自身与基站之间链路的质 量，终端与基站之间链路的质量可以是路径损耗 PL。SS; 终端再根据自身的剩余 能量信息 NRest, 判断是否满足簇头选择的要求。 在本发明的一个实施例中， 如果某个终端的 P!^。ss/NRest<C说明该终端满足簇头选择的要求， 则终端发送簇 头公告， 簇头公告信息包括该终端的资源信息和该终端所处小区的利用率 U, 其中终端的资源信息包括该终端的剩余能量以及该终端与基站之间的路径损 耗， 发送的簇头公告可以是蜂窝簇头公告和 adhoc簇头公告。
接收到簇头公告的终端进行接入状态和簇头表的更新：
如果终端的默认接入状态 S为" adhoc" , 则能接收到蜂窝簇头公告的终端 将 S更新为"协作接入"； 仅能接收到 adhoc簇头公告的终端将 S更新为 "混合 接入"。
如果终端的默认接入状态 S为"直接接入"，则能接收到蜂窝簇头公告并且 该终端与基站之间距离 L大于阈值 2, 该终端将 S更新为 "协作接入"。
在本发明的一个实施例中， 终端维护的簇头表可以如表 2所示。
表 2 簇头 ID 小区利用率 剩余能量 路损 终端 4 U1 NRestCell4 PLossCell4
Rest4 PL。SS4 终端 5 U1 NRestCell5 PLossCell5
Rest5 PLOSS5 终端 12 U2 NRestCelll2 PLossCelll2
Restl2 PL。SS12
表 2中， PL。ssCell为终端蜂窝接口的与簇头之间的链路路损， NRestcdl为蜂窝 接口的能量， PL。ss为终端 adhoc接口与簇头之间的链路路损， NRest为 adhoc接 口的能量。 当 PL。ssCell无穷大或 NRestCell为零时， 表明 cell接口不可用。
在本发明的一个实施例中， cell接口和 adhoc接口能量统一管理， 此时 NRestceU=NRest。
终端在更新完接入状态和簇头表后， 进行簇头公告确认， 在簇头公告确认 中携带终端的资源信息和接入状态； 其中， 终端的资源信息可以包括终端的剩 余能量、 以及终端与基站的链路的路损， 具体可以包括终端的 cell接口的剩余 能量以及 cell接口与基站的链路的路损， 终端的 adhoc接口的剩余能量以及 adhoc接口与基站的链路的路损。
簇头收到来自终端的簇头公告确认后，根据簇头公告确认携带的信息更新 簇头维护的虚拟簇表。 在本发明的一个实施例中， 簇头维护的虚拟簇表如表 3 所示。
表 3
Figure imgf000009_0001
簇头在更新了虚拟簇头表后， 进行簇头选择响应，簇头选择响应可以携带 簇头的资源信息和该簇头维护的虚拟簇表信息；簇头的资源信息可以包括簇头 的剩余能量和簇头与基站之间链路的路损。 为了减少干扰和便于基站的管理， 在本发明的一个实施例中， 簇头与基站之间的通信仅使用 cell接口， 此时簇头 的资源信息具体可以是簇头的 cell接口的剩余能量以及 cell接口与基站之间链 路的路损。
基站接收到来自簇头的簇头选择响应后，根据簇头选择响应携带的信息更 新终端状态表。在本发明的一个簇头与基站之间的通信仅使用 cell接口的实施 例中， 基站维护的终端状态表如表 4所示。
表 4
Figure imgf000010_0001
基站对簇头上 ·^艮的虚拟簇表信息进行处理，对同一终端的簇头形成该终端 的簇头列表信息。使基站仅需要保存簇头的剩余能量信息，基于分簇分区的虚 拟簇头机制， 簇头充当信令信息汇聚点， 可以使基站的开销大大减少， 并且信 令汇聚点并非是单一的， 还可以增加可靠性。
如下介绍本发明实施例提供的分组数据发送方法，图 2描述了分组数据发 送方法实施例一的流程， 该实施例描述的是源终端的处理流程， 包括：
201、 获取需要发送的分组数据。
202、 判断接入状态是否为直接接入； 如果是， 进入 203 ; 如果否， 进入
204。
终端的不同接入状态所采用的接入方式不同， 在本发明的一个实施例中， 不同接入状态的终端的默认的分组数据发送机制如表 5所示。
表 5
终端状态 默认的分组数据发送机制
直接接入分组数据直接发给 BS, 由 BS负责转发， 采用 cell接口； 如 果用户要求采用 adhoc模式， 则从簇头列表中选择中继点 协作接入协作机制， 从簇头列表中选择中继点接入， 采用 cell接口， 可能选择邻区簇头接入
混合接入从簇头列表中选择中继点接入， 采用 adhoc接口， 可能选择 邻区簇头接入
adhoc 采用 adhoc接口， 传统的 adhoc机制
203、 将分组数据发送给基站； 结束流程。
204、 从维护的簇头表中选择簇头。
具体地， 源终端可以按照如下原则从簇头表中选择簇头：
A、根据簇头表中簇头所在小区的利用率 U选择合适的小区，依据簇头的 资源信息从选择的小区中选择簇头。 如果源终端所在的本小区的利用率 U本大 于阈值 1 (在本发明的一个实施例中， 阈值 1可以为 90% )且相邻小区的利用 率 U邻小于阈值 2 (在本发明的一个实施例中， 阈值 1可以为 60% ), 则选择相 邻小区， 否则选择本小区。
B、 对同一小区的簇头， 可以依据簇头的资源信息进行簇头选择和接口选 择。 在本发明的一个实施例中， 如果簇头的剩余能量较多， 并且簇头与终端之 间的链路质量较好， 则被选中的可能性越大。 在本发明的一个实施例中， 采用 簇头的剩余能量以及簇头与终端之链路的路损的联合值选择簇头，可以采用如 下公式计算簇头的剩余能量以及簇头与终端之链路的路损的联合值：
p /
arg min ( Loss /N ) , ≥ 1。 其中， PL。SS为终端 adhoc接口与簇头之间的链路路损， NRest为 adhoc接口 的能量。
使用该公式计算簇头的剩余能量以及簇头与终端之链路的路损的联合值 后，选取联合值数值较大的簇头，从而使剩余能量和路损联合值最优的簇头和 接口将被选中。 具体地， 如果选中的簇头是蜂窝簇头， 则对应的接口是蜂窝接 口； 选中的簇头是 adhoc簇头， 则对应的接口是 adhoc接口。
在本发明的一个实施例中，如果维护的簇头表为空， 该源终端可以向基站 发送中继请求，触发基站进行簇头选择和分簇，使该源终端可以根据簇头发送 的簇头公告更新簇头表， 从而使该源终端可以从更新后的簇头表选择簇头。
205、 将分组数据发送给从簇头表中选择的簇头； 结束流程。
从上可知，本实施例中源终端可以根据自身的接入状态确定分组数据的发 送方式， 并且在终端中维护了簇头表， 在进行分组数据的发送时仅需要从簇头 表中选择簇头，再将分组数据发送给簇头或直接发送给基站即可， 只要簇头表 中有簇头的信息， 终端在发送分组数据时都不需要向基站发送中继请求， 即在 终端进行链路处理，从而减少基站的资源开销， 同时源终端仅需要维护簇头信 息， 可以减少通信复杂度。
图 3描述了分组数据发送方法实施例二的流程，该实施例描述的是源终端 的处理流程， 包括：
301、 获取需要发送的分组数据。
302、 判断接入状态是否为直接接入； 如果是， 进入 303; 如果否， 进入
304。
303、 将分组数据发送给基站； 结束流程。
304、 判断分组数据对应的业务的类型是否为蜂窝接入业务； 如果是， 进 入 305; 如果否， 进入 306。
由于源终端具有 adhoc和蜂窝接口， 因此源终端可以同时实现蜂窝接入和 在虚拟簇内的自组网通信。 源终端可以将业务划分为 2大类： 蜂窝接入业务和 adhoc业务，从而维护 2个分组緩存区， 对于蜂窝接入业务， 进行簇头选择时， 优先选取蜂窝接口； 对于 adhoc业务， 优先选择 adhoc接口。 其中， 对于业务 的分类可以根据用户的使用习惯， 所处的地域业务布局情况， 和业务的特性分 析来进行。 对于没有业务类别标识的分组， 采用默认的分组数据发送机制。
305、 从簇头表中选择蜂窝簇头， 将分组数据发送给该蜂窝簇头； 结束流 程。
306、 从簇头表中选择 adhoc簇头， 将分组数据发送给该 adhoc簇头； 结 束流程。
从上可知，本实施例中源终端可以根据自身的接入状态确定分组数据的发 送方式， 并且在终端中维护了簇头表， 在进行分组数据的发送时仅需要从簇头 表中选择簇头，再将分组数据发送给簇头或直接发送给基站即可， 只要簇头表 中有簇头的信息， 终端在发送分组数据时都不需要向基站发送中继请求， 即在 终端进行链路处理，从而减少基站的资源开销， 同时源终端仅需要维护簇头信 息， 可以减少通信复杂度； 进一步， 源终端在选择簇头时可以根据分组数据对 应的业务类型选择 adhoc接口或蜂窝接口，使源终端可以灵活地选择接口进行 通信。
在本发明的一个实施例中源终端将分组数据发送给簇头前还包括：在分组 数据中增加生存时间 （TTL: Time To Live ) 字段， 设置 TTL字段的字段值， 通过设置的 TTL字段的字段值， 使簇头可以根据字段值进行相邻簇头查找， 从而提高通信的成功率。
图 4描述了分组数据发送方法实施例三的流程，该实施例描述的是簇头的 处理流程， 包括：
401、 接收来自源终端的分组数据， 分组数据包括目的终端的标识。
402、 查找路由緩存表中是否有到达目的终端的路径； 如果是， 进入 403; 如果否， 进入 404。
本发明的一个实施例中， 簇头维护的路由緩存表可以如表 6所示。
表 6
Figure imgf000013_0001
403、 进行接口选择， 根据查找到的路径通过选择的接口转发分组数据； 结束流程。
进行接口选择时，可以比较虚拟簇表中记录的目的终端的蜂窝接口的资源 信息和目的终端的 adhoc 接口的资源信息； 如果蜂窝接口的资源信息优于 adhoc接口的资源信息， 选择蜂窝接口； 反之， 选择 adhoc接口。 具体可以对 目的终端的蜂窝接口与簇头之间链路的路损以及目的终端的蜂窝接口的剩余 能量的联合值、 目的终端的 adhoc接口与簇头之间链路的路损以及目的终端的 adhoc接口的剩余能量的联合值进行比较。
404、 向相邻扇区簇头发送虚拟簇头请求。
虚拟簇头请求包括目的终端的标识，以便于相邻扇区簇头查找目的终端是 否为该相邻扇区簇头所处的扇区簇的成员。
405、 接收相邻扇区簇头发送的虚拟簇头响应。
虚拟簇头响应由相邻扇区簇头查找到目的终端是扇区簇的成员后发送。 406、 将分组数据发送给相邻扇区簇头； 结束流程。
具体地， 可以通过 adhoc接口或蜂窝接口将分组数据发送给相邻扇区簇 头。 在本发明的一个实施例中， 为了减少干扰和便于基站的管理， 簇头之间的 通信仅使用 adhoc接口， 则此时仅通过 adhoc接口将分组数据发送给相邻扇区 簇头。
其中，如果发送虚拟簇头响应的相邻扇区簇头的数量为至少两个， 可以先 根据虚拟簇表中记录的相邻扇区簇头的资源信息，从该至少两个相邻扇区簇头 中选择一个相邻扇区簇头，再将分组数据发送给选择的一个相邻扇区簇头。具 体可以根据相邻簇头的资源信息从至少两个相邻山区簇头中选择一个相邻扇 区簇头；例如可以根据相邻簇头的剩余能量以及相邻簇头与自身之间链路的路 损的联合值进行选择。
从上可知， 本实施例中簇头在路由緩存表中没有到达目的终端的路径时， 可以将分组数据发送给相邻扇区簇头，通过相邻扇区簇头将分组数据发送给目 的终端， 从而不需要通过基站发送分组数据， 即在终端进行链路处理， 降低了 基站的资源开销，簇头仅需要维护相邻扇区簇头的信息和簇内终端的信息， 可 以降低通信的复杂度。
图 5描述了分组数据发送方法实施例四的流程，该实施例描述的是簇头的 处理流程， 包括：
501、 接收来自源终端的分组数据， 分组数据包括目的终端的标识和 TTL 字段。
502、 查找路由緩存表中是否有到达目的终端的路径； 如果是， 进入 503; 如果否， 进入 504。 503、 进行接口选择， 根据查找到的路径通过选择的接口转发分组数据； 结束流程。
504、 判断 TTL字段的字段值是否大于 0; 如果是， 进入 505; 如果否， 进入 509。
505、 向相邻扇区簇头发送虚拟簇头请求。
506、 判断是否接收到相邻扇区簇头发送的虚拟簇头响应； 如果否， 进入 507; 如果是， 进入 508。
507、 将 TTL字段的字段值减去 1 ; 进入 504。
508、 将分组数据发送给相邻扇区簇头； 结束流程。
509、 将分组数据发送给基站； 结束流程。
从上可知， 本实施例中簇头在路由緩存表中没有到达目的终端的路径时， 可以将分组数据发送给相邻扇区簇头，通过相邻扇区簇头将分组数据发送给目 的终端， 从而不需要通过基站发送分组数据， 即在终端进行链路处理， 降低了 基站的资源开销，簇头仅需要维护相邻扇区簇头的信息和簇内终端的信息， 可 以降低通信的复杂度； 进一步， 簇头可以根据分组数据中的 TTL字段向相邻 扇区簇头发送虚拟簇头请求， 从而扩展通信的范围， 提高通信的成功率。
在本发明的一个实施例中， 为了使簇头在发送后续的分组数据时可以更 快，簇头在发送了分组数据后可以进一步根据发送的路径对维护的路由緩存表 进行更新。
图 6描述了分组数据发送方法实施例五的流程，该实施例描述的是基站的 处理流程， 包括：
601、 接收分组数据； 分组数据包括目的终端的标识；
602、 判断是否能从终端状态表中查找到目的终端的标识； 如果否， 进入 603; 如果是， 进入 604。
603、 向核心网发送分组数据； 结束流程。
604、 确定目的终端的接入状态是否为直接接入； 如果是， 进入 605; 如 果否， 进入 606。
605、 向目的终端发送分组数据； 结束流程。 606、 进行簇头选择， 向选择的簇头发送分组数据； 结束流程。 具体地，在目的终端的接入状态为混合接入时，从簇头表中随机选择一个 簇头， 再通过 adhoc接口向随机选择的一个簇头发送分组数据。
在目的终端的接入状态为协作接入时，根据簇头的资源信息从簇头表中选 择一个簇头， 再通过蜂窝接口向选择的一个簇头发送所述分组数据； 具体地， 可以根据基站与簇头之间路径的路损、簇头与终端之间链路的路损以及簇头的 剩余能量的联合值从簇头表中选择一个簇头。在本发明第一个实施例中，基站 与簇头之间路径的路损、簇头与终端之间链路的路损以及簇头的剩余能量的联 合值可以通过下式计算：
Figure imgf000016_0001
其中， 为基站到簇头的链路的路损， PLOSSC-M为簇头到终端的链路 的路损。
从上可知，本实施例中基站可以根据终端的接入状态将分组数据直接发送 给目的终端或簇头，从而可以通过簇头将分组数据发送给目的终端， 即在终端 进行部分的链路处理， 降低了基站的资源开销。
再介绍本发明实施例提供的终端，图 7描述了终端实施例一的结构，包括： 获取单元 701 , 用于获取需要发送的分组数据；
判断单元 702, 用于在获取单元 701获取了分组数据后， 判断该终端的接 入状态是否为直接接入；
选择单元 703 , 用于在判断单元 702判断该终端的接入状态不是直接接入 时， 从簇头表中选择簇头；
发送单元 704,用于在判断单元 702判断该终端的接入状态是直接接入时， 将分组数据发送给基站；在判断单元 702判断该终端的接入状态不是直接接入 时， 将分组数据发送给选择单元 703选择的簇头。
从上可知，本实施例中终端可以根据自身的接入状态确定分组数据的发送 方式， 并且在终端中维护了簇头表，在进行分组数据的发送时仅需要从簇头表 中选择簇头，再将分组数据发送给簇头或直接发送给基站即可， 只要簇头表中 有簇头的信息， 终端在发送分组数据时都不需要向基站发送中继请求， 即在终 端进行链路处理， 从而减少基站的资源开销， 同时终端仅需要维护簇头信息， 可以减少通信复杂度。
在本发明的一个实施例中， 终端的判断单元 702, 还可以用于在判断终端 的接入状态不是直接接入时，判断获取单元 701获取的分组数据对应的业务的 类型； 此时， 终端的选择单元 703 , 还可以用于在判断单元 702判断分组数据 对应的业务的类型是蜂窝接入业务时，从簇头表中选择蜂窝簇头； 在判断单元 702 判断分组数据对应的业务的类型是 adhoc接入业务时， 从簇头表中选择 adhoc簇头。 本实施例中终端在选择簇头时可以根据分组数据对应的业务类型 选择 adhoc接口或蜂窝接口， 使终端可以灵活地选择接口进行通信。
图 8描述了终端实施例二的结构， 包括：
接收单元 801 , 用于接收来自簇头的簇头公告， 该簇头公告包括该簇头的 资源信息和该簇头所在小区的利用率；
更新单元 802, 用于根据接收单元 801接收的簇头公告对接入状态进行更 新， 根据该簇头的资源信息和该簇头所在小区的利用率对簇头表进行更新； 获取单元 804, 用于获取需要发送的分组数据；
判断单元 805 , 用于在获取单元 804获取了分组数据后， 判断该终端的接 入状态是否为直接接入；
选择单元 806, 用于在判断单元 805判断该终端的接入状态不是直接接入 时， 从簇头表中选择簇头；
设置单元 807,用于在判断单元 805判断终端的接入状态不是直接接入时， 在分组数据中增加 TTL字段， 设置 TTL字段的字段值；
通过设置的 TTL字段的字段值， 使簇头可以根据 TTL字段的字段值进行 相邻簇头查找。
发送单元 803 , 用于向簇头发送簇头公告确认， 簇头公告确认包括终端的 资源信息和更新单元 802 更新后的接入状态， 以便于簇头对虚拟簇表进行更 新； 在判断单元 805判断该终端的接入状态是直接接入时，将分组数据发送给 基站； 在判断单元 805 判断该终端的接入状态不是直接接入时， 将设置单元 807增加了 TTL字段的分组数据发送给选择单元 806选择的簇头。 从上可知，本实施例中终端可以根据自身的接入状态确定分组数据的发送 方式， 并且在终端中维护了簇头表，在进行分组数据的发送时仅需要从簇头表 中选择簇头，再将分组数据发送给簇头或直接发送给基站即可， 只要簇头表中 有簇头的信息， 终端在发送分组数据时都不需要向基站发送中继请求， 即在终 端进行链路处理， 从而减少基站的资源开销， 同时终端仅需要维护簇头信息， 可以减少通信复杂度；并且终端在选择簇头时可以根据分组数据对应的业务类 型选择 adhoc接口或蜂窝接口，使终端可以灵活地选择接口进行通信；进一步， 在分组数据中增加 TTL字段， 使簇头根据字段值进行相邻簇头查找， 从而扩 展通信的范围， 提高通信的成功率。
图 9描述了终端实施例三的结构， 包括：
接收单元 901 , 用于接收来自源终端的分组数据， 分组数据包括目的终端 的标识；
查找单元 902, 用于根据接收单元 901接收的目的终端的标识查找路由緩 存表中是否有到达目的终端的路径；
选择单元 903 , 用于在查找单元 902查找到有到达目的终端的路径时， 进 行接口选择；
发送单元 904, 用于根据查找单元 902查找到的到达目的终端的路径， 通 过选择单元 903选择的接口转发分组数据。
从上可知， 本实施例中终端在路由緩存表中没有到达目的终端的路径时， 可以将分组数据发送给相邻扇区簇头，通过相邻扇区簇头将分组数据发送给目 的终端， 从而不需要通过基站发送分组数据， 即在终端进行链路处理， 降低了 基站的资源开销，本实施例中的终端仅需要维护相邻扇区簇头的信息和簇内终 端的信息， 可以降低通信的复杂度。
在本发明的一个实施例中，终端包括的发送单元 904还可以用于在查找单 元 902查找不到到达目的终端的路径时， 向相邻扇区簇头发送虚拟簇头请求， 虚拟簇头请求包括所述目的终端的标识； 虚拟簇头请求包括目的终端的标识， 使相邻扇区簇头可以根据目的终端的标识查找目的终端是否为该相邻扇区簇 头所处的扇区簇的成员。 终端包括的接收单元 901 , 还可以用于接收相邻扇区 簇头发送的虚拟簇头响应，虚拟簇头响应由相邻扇区簇头查找到目的终端是扇 区簇的成员后发送。 发送单元 904, 还可以用于将分组数据发送给发送了虚拟 簇头响应的相邻扇区簇头。 具体地， 发送单元 904可以包括选择单元， 用于在 接收单元 901接收了至少两个相邻扇区簇头发送的虚拟簇头响应时，根据虚拟 簇表中记录的相邻扇区簇头的资源信息，从至少两个相邻扇区簇头中选择一个 相邻扇区簇头； 处理单元， 用于将分组数据发送给选择单元选择的一个相邻扇 区簇头。本实施例中终端可以在有多个相邻扇区簇头可以选择时，选择资源最 好的一个相邻扇区簇头， 可以提高通信质量。
图 10描述了终端实施例四的结构， 包括：
接收单元 1001 , 用于接收来自源终端的分组数据， 分组数据包括目的终 端的标识； 接收相邻扇区簇头发送的虚拟簇头响应，虚拟簇头响应由相邻扇区 簇头查找到目的终端是扇区簇的成员后发送； 接收来自基站的簇头选择请求， 簇头选择请求包括小区半径、 小区利用率和簇头阈值；接收终端发送的簇头公 告确认， 簇头公告确认包括终端的资源信息和终端更新后的接入状态；
查找单元 1002, 用于根据接收单元 1001接收的目的终端的标识查找路由 緩存表是否有到达目的终端的路径；
选择单元 1003 , 用于在查找单元 1002查找到到达目的终端的路径时， 进 行接口选择；
具体地， 在本发明的一个实施例中， 选择单元 1003可以包括比较单元， 用于比较虚拟簇表中记录的目的终端的蜂窝接口的资源信息和目的终端的 adhoc接口的资源信息； 处理单元， 用于在比较单元确定蜂窝接口的资源信息 优于 adhoc接口的资源信息时， 选择蜂窝接口； 在比较单元确定 adhoc接口的 资源信息优于蜂窝接口的资源信息时， 选择 adhoc接口。
计算单元 1005 , 用于在接收单元 1001接收的分组数据还包括 TTL字段， 且接收单元 1001没有接收到相邻扇区簇头发送的虚拟簇头响应时，将 TTL字 段的字段值减 1 , 触发发送单元 1004向相邻扇区簇头发送虚拟簇头请求， 直 至 TTL字段的字段值为 0。
计算处理单元 1006, 用于计算该终端与基站的距离， 根据该终端与基站 的距离与接收单元 1001接收的小区半径确定该终端是否处于簇头区； 确定单元 1007, 用于在计算处理单元 1006确定终端处于簇头区时， 根据 终端的资源信息确定是否满足簇头阈值；
更新单元 1008, 用于在确定单元 1007确定终端的资源信息满足簇头阈值 时，将接入状态更新为直接接入； 根据簇头公告确认包括终端的资源信息和终 端更新后的接入状态对虚拟簇表进行更新；
发送单元 1004, 用于根据查找单元 1002查找到的到达目的终端的路径， 通过选择单元 1003选择的接口转发分组数据；在查找单元 1002查找不到到达 目的终端的路径时， 向相邻扇区簇头发送虚拟簇头请求，虚拟簇头请求包括所 述目的终端的标识，以便于相邻扇区簇头查找目的终端是否为该相邻扇区簇头 所处的扇区簇的成员； 将分组数据发送给发送了虚拟簇头响应的相邻扇区簇 头； 在确定单元 1007确定终端的资源信息满足簇头阈值时， 发簇头送簇头公 告， 以便于接收到簇头公告的终端对接入状态进行更新； 向基站发送簇头选择 响应，簇头选择响应包括簇头的资源信息和虚拟簇表信息， 以便于基站对终端 状态表进行更新。
从上可知， 本实施例中终端在路由緩存表中没有到达目的终端的路径时， 可以将分组数据发送给相邻扇区簇头，通过相邻扇区簇头将分组数据发送给目 的终端， 从而不需要通过基站发送分组数据， 即在终端进行链路处理， 降低了 基站的资源开销，本实施例中的终端仅需要维护相邻扇区簇头的信息和簇内终 端的信息， 可以降低通信的复杂度。
图 11描述了基站实施例一的结构， 包括：
接收单元 1101 , 用于接收分组数据， 分组数据包括目的终端的标识； 查找单元 1102, 用于根据接收单元 1101接收的分组数据从终端状态表中 查找目的终端的标识；
判断单元 1103 , 用于在查找单元 1102查找到目的终端的标识时， 判断目 的终端的接入状态是否为直接接入；
选择单元 1104, 用于在判断单元 1103判断目的终端的接入状态不是直接 接入时， 进行簇头选择； 发送单元 1105 , 用于在查找单元 1102没有查找到目的终端的标识时， 向 核心网发送分组数据； 在判断单元 1103判断目的终端的接入状态为直接接入 时， 向目的终端发送分组数据； 在目的终端的接入状态不是直接接入时， 向选 择单元 1104选择的簇头发送分组数据。
从上可知，本实施例中基站可以根据终端的接入状态将分组数据直接发送 给目的终端或簇头，从而可以通过簇头将分组数据发送给目的终端， 即在终端 进行部分的链路处理， 降低了基站的资源开销。
图 12描述了基站实施例二的结构， 包括：
接收单元 1201 , 用于接收分组数据， 分组数据包括目的终端的标识； 接 收来自簇头的响应簇头选择请求的簇头选择响应，簇头选择响应包括簇头的资 源信息和虚拟簇表信息；
查找单元 1202, 用于根据接收单元 1201接收的分组数据包括的目的终端 的标识从终端状态表中查找目的终端的标识；
判断单元 1203, 用于在查找单元 1202查找到目的终端的标识时， 判断目 的终端的接入状态是否为直接接入；
选择单元 1204, 用于在判断单元 1203判断目的终端的接入状态不是直接 接入时， 进行簇头选择；
发送单元 1205, 用于在查找单元 1202没有查找到目的终端的标识时， 向 核心网发送分组数据； 在判断单元 1203判断目的终端的接入状态为直接接入 时， 向目的终端发送分组数据； 在目的终端的接入状态不是直接接入时， 向选 择单元 1204选择的簇头发送分组数据； 广播簇头选择请求， 簇头选择请求包 括小区半径、 小区利用率和簇头阈值；
通过簇头选择请求中包括的小区半径、 小区利用率和簇头阈值，使接收到 簇头选择请求的终端可以确认该终端是否为簇头；
更新单元 1206, 用于根据接收单元 1201接收的簇头选择响应对终端状态 表进行更新。 从上可知，本实施例中基站可以根据终端的接入状态将分组数据直接发送 给目的终端或簇头，从而可以通过簇头将分组数据发送给目的终端， 即在终端 进行部分的链路处理， 降低了基站的资源开销； 同时可以根据簇头选择响应对 终端状态表进行更新， 使终端状态表中的记录正确， 能够提高通信的可靠性。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程， 是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的程序可存储于一计算 机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。 其中，所述的存储介质可为磁碟、光盘、只读存储记忆体（Read-Only Memory, ROM )或随机存储记忆体 ( Random Access Memory, RAM )等。
以上对本发明实施例所提供的分组数据发送方法、基站和终端进行了详细 介绍， 以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其思想； 同时， 对 于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上 均会有改变之处， 综上所述， 本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种分组数据发送方法， 其特征在于， 包括：
接收来自源终端的分组数据， 所述分组数据包括目的终端的标识； 查找路由緩存表中是否有到达所述目的终端的路径；
如果查找到有到达所述目的终端的路径， 进行接口选择；
根据查找到的路径通过选择的接口转发所述分组数据。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的分组数据发送方法， 其特征在于， 如果查找不到 路径， 该方法还包括：
向相邻扇区簇头发送虚拟簇头请求，所述虚拟簇头请求包括所述目的终端 的标识；
如果接收到所述相邻扇区簇头发送的虚拟簇头响应，将所述分组数据发送 给所述相邻扇区簇头。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的分组数据发送方法， 其特征在于， 所述分组数据 还包括生存时间字段； 如果没有接收到相邻扇区簇头发送的虚拟簇头响应， 该 方法还包括：
将所述生存时间字段的字段值减 1 , 进入向相邻扇区簇头发送虚拟簇头请 求的步骤， 直至所述生存时间字段的字段值为 0。
4、 如权利要求 1至 3任一项所述的分组数据发送方法， 其特征在于， 所 述进行接口选择的步骤包括：
比较虚拟簇表中记录的所述目的终端的蜂窝接口的资源信息和所述目的 终端的自组织 adhoc接口的资源信息；
如果蜂窝接口的资源信息优于 adhoc接口的资源信息， 选择蜂窝接口； 反 之， 选择 adhoc接口。
5、 一种分组数据发送方法， 其特征在于， 包括：
获取需要发送的分组数据；
判断接入状态是否为直接接入；
如果接入状态是直接接入， 将所述分组数据发送给基站；
如果接入状态不是直接接入，从簇头表中选择簇头，将所述分组数据发送 给所述簇头。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的分组数据发送方法， 其特征在于， 从簇头表中选 择簇头前进一步包括：
确定所述分组数据对应的业务的类型；
如果所述分组数据对应的业务的类型是蜂窝接入业务，所述从簇头表中选 择簇头的步骤包括： 从簇头表中选择蜂窝簇头；
如果所述分组数据对应的业务的类型是 adhoc接入业务，所述从簇头表中 选择簇头的步骤包括： 从簇头表中选择 adhoc簇头。
7、 如权利要求 5或 6所述的分组数据发送方法， 其特征在于， 将所述分 组数据发送给所述簇头前还包括：
在所述分组数据中增加生存时间字段， 设置生存时间字段的字段值。
8、 一种分组数据发送方法， 其特征在于， 包括：
接收分组数据， 所述分组数据包括目的终端的标识；
从终端状态表中查找所述目的终端的标识；
如果没有查找到所述目的终端的标识， 向核心网发送所述分组数据； 如果查找到所述目的终端的标识，判断所述目的终端的接入状态是否为直 接接入；
如果所述目的终端的接入状态为直接接入，向所述目的终端发送所述分组 数据； 如果所述目的终端的接入状态不是直接接入， 进行簇头选择， 向选择的 簇头发送所述分组数据。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的分组数据发送方法， 其特征在于， 所述目的终端 的接入状态为混合接入时， 所述进行簇头选择的步骤包括： 从簇头表中随机选 择一个簇头； 所述向选择的簇头发送所述分组数据的步骤包括： 通过 adhoc接 口向随机选择的一个簇头发送所述分组数据；
或
所述目的终端的接入状态为协作接入时， 所述进行簇头选择的步骤包括： 根据簇头的资源信息从簇头表中选择一个簇头；所述向选择的簇头发送所述分 组数据的步骤包括： 通过蜂窝接口向所述选择的一个簇头发送所述分组数据。
10、 一种终端， 其特征在于， 包括：
接收单元， 用于接收来自源终端的分组数据， 所述分组数据包括目的终端 的标识；
查找单元，用于根据所述接收单元接收的目的终端的标识查找路由緩存表 中是否有到达所述目的终端的路径；
选择单元， 用于在所述查找单元查找到有到达目的终端的路径时， 进行接 口选择；
发送单元， 用于根据所述查找单元查找到的到达目的终端的路径，通过所 述选择单元选择的接口转发所述分组数据。
11、 如权利要求 10所述的终端， 其特征在于， 所述发送单元还用于在所 述查找单元查找不到到达目的终端的路径时，向相邻扇区簇头发送虚拟簇头请 求， 所述虚拟簇头请求包括所述目的终端的标识；
所述接收单元， 还用于接收所述相邻扇区簇头发送的虚拟簇头响应； 所述发送单元，还用于在所述接收单元接收到所述虚拟簇头响应后，将所 述分组数据发送给所述相邻扇区簇头。
12、 如权利要求 11所述的终端， 其特征在于， 还包括：
计算单元， 用于在所述接收单元接收的分组数据还包括生存时间字段， 且 所述接收单元没有接收到相邻扇区簇头发送的虚拟簇头响应时，将所述生存时 间字段的字段值减 1 , 触发所述发送单元向相邻扇区簇头发送虚拟簇头请求， 直至所述生存时间字段的字段值为 0。
13、 如权利要求 10至 12任一项所述的终端， 其特征在于， 所述选择单元 包括：
比较单元，用于比较虚拟簇表中记录的所述目的终端的蜂窝接口的资源信 息和所述目的终端的 adhoc接口的资源信息；
处理单元，用于在所述比较单元确定蜂窝接口的资源信息优于 adhoc接口 的资源信息时， 选择蜂窝接口； 在所述比较单元确定 adhoc接口的资源信息优 于蜂窝接口的资源信息时， 选择 adhoc接口。
14、 一种终端， 其特征在于， 包括： 获取单元， 用于获取需要发送的分组数据；
判断单元， 用于判断所述终端的接入状态是否为直接接入；
选择单元， 用于在所述判断单元判断所述终端的接入状态不是直接接入 时， 从簇头表中选择簇头；
发送单元， 用于在所述判断单元判断所述终端的接入状态是直接接入时， 将所述分组数据发送给基站；在判断单元判断所述终端的接入状态不是直接接 入时， 将所述分组数据发送给所述选择单元选择的簇头。
15、 如权利要求 14所述的分组数据发送方法， 其特征在于， 所述判断单 元，还用于在判断所述终端的接入状态不是直接接入时， 判断所述获取单元获 取的分组数据对应的业务的类型；
所述选择单元，用于在所述判断单元判断分组数据对应的业务的类型是蜂 窝接入业务时，从簇头表中选择蜂窝簇头； 在所述判断单元判断分组数据对应 的业务的类型是 adhoc接入业务时， 从簇头表中选择 adhoc簇头。
16、 如权利要求 14或 15所述的终端， 其特征在于， 还包括：
设置单元， 用于在所述判断单元判断所述终端的接入状态不是直接接入 时， 在所述分组数据中增加生存时间字段， 设置生存时间字段的字段值。
17、 一种基站， 其特征在于， 包括：
接收单元， 用于接收分组数据， 所述分组数据包括目的终端的标识； 查找单元， 用于从终端状态表中查找所述目的终端的标识；
判断单元， 用于在所述查找单元查找到所述目的终端的标识时， 判断所述 目的终端的接入状态是否为直接接入；
选择单元，用于在所述判断单元判断所述目的终端的接入状态不是直接接 入时， 进行簇头选择；
发送单元， 用于在所述查找单元没有查找到所述目的终端的标识时， 向核 心网发送所述分组数据；在所述判断单元判断所述目的终端的接入状态为直接 接入时， 向所述目的终端发送所述分组数据； 在所述目的终端的接入状态不是 直接接入时， 向所述选择单元选择的簇头发送所述分组数据。
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