WO2010117292A1 - Procédé pour réduire la viscosité de fractions pétrolières lourdes - Google Patents

Procédé pour réduire la viscosité de fractions pétrolières lourdes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010117292A1
WO2010117292A1 PCT/RU2009/000167 RU2009000167W WO2010117292A1 WO 2010117292 A1 WO2010117292 A1 WO 2010117292A1 RU 2009000167 W RU2009000167 W RU 2009000167W WO 2010117292 A1 WO2010117292 A1 WO 2010117292A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
fractions
cracking
viscosity
heavy oil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2009/000167
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Вячеслав Михайлович НЕКИПЕЛОВ
Петр Анатольевич КАЛИНИН
Original Assignee
Nekipelov Vyacheslav Mikhailovich
Kalinin Petr Anatolievich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nekipelov Vyacheslav Mikhailovich, Kalinin Petr Anatolievich filed Critical Nekipelov Vyacheslav Mikhailovich
Priority to PCT/RU2009/000167 priority Critical patent/WO2010117292A1/fr
Publication of WO2010117292A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010117292A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
    • F17D1/16—Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity
    • F17D1/17—Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity by mixing with another liquid, i.e. diluting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G31/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for
    • C10G31/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G32/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms
    • C10G32/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms by electric or magnetic means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/007—Visbreaking

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods for processing heavy oil-containing fractions (fuel oil, used motor or lubricating oils, oil sludge, etc.) and highly viscous oil before transportation through pipelines, in particular, to methods for reducing their viscosity using thermal and physical methods of exposure.
  • the invention can also be used to increase the percentage of light hydrocarbons in crude oil. Reducing the viscosity of oil and oil products includes the problem of deep processing of oil-containing fractions in order to obtain an additional amount of light oil products. For these purposes, various methods of destruction or cracking are widely used.
  • the application of the method is difficult in industrial production due to the complexity of process control. In addition, the method is not safe to use.
  • a number of mechanical methods for reducing the viscosity of oil are known, according to which mechanical hydrodynamic cracking is caused by intensive mixing (application RU Ns 2005107526), in particular using a centrifugal pump (patent RU Ns 2304607).
  • application RU Ns 2005107526 intensive mixing
  • centrifugal pump centrifugal pump
  • the viscosity of the oil treated by such methods can be reduced to
  • the disadvantages of the methods include an insufficiently high increase in the content of light petroleum products, which determines the reversibility of changes in viscosity, i.e. oil viscosity is restored over time. So, it is known that after the processing of petroleum feedstock by machining it in a dispersive hydrodynamic rotary pulsation apparatus (patent RU Ns 2102434), in which petroleum feedstock is subjected to shock-cavitation, the yield of light petroleum products boiling up to 35O 0 C increases only by 2.4 ⁇ 4.1 macc.%.
  • the disadvantages include the fact that the effectiveness of qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons depends on the number of cavitation bubbles per unit volume.
  • a number of methods are known for processing heavy oil-containing fractions in which a cavitation zone is created using the wave action of a wide spectrum of frequencies.
  • the liquid phase of the bottom residue is affected by acoustic vibrations with a frequency of 0.1 ⁇ 200 KHz and a power of 0.2 ⁇ 3 W / cm 2 at a residual pressure of 20 ⁇ 200 mmHg.
  • the disadvantages of the method include the high energy costs of creating a deep vacuum, and the use of only the acoustic frequency range does not provide reliable destruction of highly viscous media, it requires a long period of time for processing fuel oil.
  • this method is intended for processing only fuel oil and does not allow processing, for example, used motor or lubricating oils.
  • a known method of processing oil, oil products, hydrocarbons (patent RU N ° 2149886) by exposure to a modulated flow of sound energy with a frequency of 1-I - 10 6 Hz, a power of 0.1 ⁇ 150 kW / cm 2 uniformly distributed over the cross section of the processed fluid stream.
  • a known method of cracking oil and petroleum products including stationary heating of raw materials to temperatures evaporation of light fractions (not more than 35O 0 C) at a pressure in the reactor of not more than 0.2 MPa, followed by processing of the raw materials with pulsed optical radiation with a radiation pulse duration of not more than 1 s, a radiation wavelength in the range of 0.1-15 microns, radiation power providing a concentration of energy in the absorbing layer of not more than 300 kJ / kg of raw material in each pulse, for the time necessary to obtain a given number of light fractions, the vapors of which are then condensed.
  • the disadvantage of this method is the high energy costs in the industrial processing of heavy oily fractions in large volumes.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that the yield of light petroleum products is not high enough and depends on the intensity of the electromagnetic field.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that the intensification of the cavitation process is limited by the accumulation inside the cavitation bubbles of light cracking products, which leads to an increase in saturated vapor pressure and thereby complicates the emergence of new electric discharges. This also explains the need to create an electric field of relatively high intensity.
  • the second drawback is that the authors used an aqueous electrolyte solution to form a stable volume discharge in the cavitation region.
  • the process is carried out at an excess pressure of 0.01-0.5 MPa and a temperature of 380-450 ° C, in the presence of metal alloys Al, Cr, Ni, Fe, which are used as separate conductors installed in the cracking zone in contact with the raw material, through which an electric current e of 0.1-10 kV voltage and a current value of 1-1 -10 4 A is passed.
  • an electric current e of 0.1-10 kV voltage and a current value of 1-1 -10 4 A is passed.
  • electrochemical cracking reactions they are released from the raw material diesel oil fractions in the form of vapors.
  • the same effect is caused by the placement in the cracking zone of two electrodes separated by a layer of solid dielectric material (patent AU NQ 4085000).
  • the disadvantage of the methods is the high degree of contamination of the cracked products with materials of destruction of the electrodes due to the occurrence of electrochemical reactions on the surfaces of these electrodes.
  • a known method of decomposition of organic compounds including simultaneous or sequential the impact on the destructible raw materials with electromagnetic wave and acoustic fields with energy and frequencies corresponding to the resonant frequencies and / or the vibration frequency of the molecules of the degradable organic compounds and / or compounds with subsequent temperature exposure within the limits of atmospheric distillation. It is also known (see WO 0231084) that the resonant frequency is selected by a set of coils mounted on a transport pipeline coaxially to the feed stream.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that the activation is carried out as a separate preparatory operation, and the electromagnetic power indicated in the examples, equal to 7 W, is too small to affect cavitation processes.
  • a wide range of acoustic frequencies up to the range of the light emitter is achieved by combining the acoustic vibrations with the generator of electromagnetic vibrations. Electromagnetic vibrations are modulated by a microwave spectrum, which is accompanied by the formation of an additional front of an elastic acoustic wave.
  • the method allows to decompose fuel oil brand M-100 into final products of the composition: diesel fraction - 60%; bitumen of road brands - 40%.
  • the viscosity of the mixture of the final products can be 55 mm 2 / s at a temperature of (20 ⁇ 5) ° C.
  • the disadvantages of the prototype include the fact that the activation is carried out in a separate working capacity, which does not allow at the cracking stage to affect the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the final products.
  • the selectivity of the front impact of an elastic acoustic wave on the feedstock of a certain fractional composition is achieved by selecting the material of the antenna plates and the dielectric body of the emitter of acoustic vibrations, which complicates the hardware design of the technological process.
  • the invention is aimed at finding a method for the reagent-free reduction of the viscosity of heavy oil-containing fractions, as well as at reducing energy costs and simplifying the process of preparing oil-containing fractions for main transportation through pipelines.
  • the technical result is achieved by the fact that a method for reducing the viscosity of heavy oil-containing fractions is proposed, which consists in thermal cracking of heavy oil-containing fractions at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 350 ⁇ 400 ° C, at which a cavitation zone is created directly in the apparatus for performing thermal cracking, on which a constant an electric field with a strength of 0.5 ⁇ 2.0 kV / cm, then the products of the vaporous and liquid phases of thermal cracking are mixed.
  • the indicated result is also achieved by the fact that the cavitation zone is created by the acoustic effect of the oscillations of the ultrasonic frequency spectrum. It is possible that the cavitation zone is created by hydrodynamic action on the flow of heavy oil-containing fractions.
  • the proposed method for processing heavy oily fractions is as follows.
  • the feedstock heated by an external heater to a reaction temperature of 35O 0 C, is continuously fed through the inlet pipe into the means for performing thermal cracking at a rate that ensures that a separate allocated volume of feedstock stays in it for at least ten minutes.
  • the specified tool is also equipped with a device for maintaining the temperature of the working environment within 350 ⁇ 400 ° C.
  • a cavitation zone is created in the apparatus for performing thermal cracking under the action of an ultrasonic generator, for example, the FinnSonic FSG-482 brand (http://finnsonic.ru).
  • a cavitation zone is created.
  • the feed stream is fed into the means for thermal cracking through a hydrodynamic cavitator, made, for example, according to the UA patent
  • a system of steel mesh heterogeneous electrodes immersed in a roll with a distance between them of 1 ⁇ 2 cm immersed in the cavitation zone is applied with a constant electric field of magnitude, which ensures the creation of tension between these electrodes in the range of 0.5 ⁇ 2.0 kV / cm.
  • the electrodes can be made as in the known utility model (patent RU Ns 74917).
  • the pressure in the thermal cracker is maintained at 0.1 MPa by a pressure valve installed on the vapor phase cracking line.
  • the residence time of each individual volume of heavy oil-containing fractions in the cavitation zone is determined by the thermodynamic characteristics of low-temperature cracking, in which the effective separation of the cracked products into vapor and liquid phases occurs in 10– ; 25 minutes A mixture of products of vaporous and liquid cracking phases with a viscosity of not more than 50 mm 2 / s at a temperature of (20 ⁇ 5) ° C and with a content of light fractions of at least 60 mass% in the mixture is obtained.
  • the yield of the final product in composition vapor phase - 61 mass% with a boiling point of 140 ⁇ 360 ° C; the liquid phase is 39 mass% in the form of petroleum products similar in composition to the raw materials used for the preparation of road grade bitumen.
  • the viscosity of the mixture of products of vapor and liquid cracking phases was 50 mm 2 / s at a temperature of 20 0 C. Examples 2-5.
  • Example 1 differ in the values of the temperature in the reactor and the electric field strength.
  • Timan-Pechersky oil and gas basin oil with a viscosity of 1221 mm 2 / s at 2O 0 C was used as a heavy oil-containing fraction.
  • the oil was fed to a thermal cracker, at which the temperature was maintained at 36O 0 C.
  • the residence time of each individual volume of fuel oil in the cavitation zone was 12 minutes.
  • the yield of the final product in composition vapor phase - 75 mass% with a boiling point of 140 ⁇ 360 ° C; the liquid phase is 25 mass% in the form of petroleum products similar in composition to the raw materials used for the preparation of road grade bitumen.
  • the viscosity of the mixture of products of the vaporous and liquid cracking phases was 33 mm 2 / s at a temperature of 2O 0 C.
  • Example 6 differ in temperature values in the reactor.
  • the present invention allows, without significant energy costs, in the mode of low-temperature cracking, to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil-containing fractions and to prepare oil-containing fractions for main transportation through pipelines.
  • the invention can also be used to increase the percentage of light hydrocarbons in crude oil.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour traiter des fractions pétrolières lourdes et le pétrole haute densité pour le transport dans des oléoducs à grandes distances. Le procédé comprend le craquage thermique de fractions pétrolières lourdes à pression atmosphérique, à une température de 350-400°C dans une zone de cavitation à laquelle on applique en permanence un champ électrique possédant une intensité de 0,5 à 2,0 kW / cm. Les produits des phases vapeur et liquide du craquage thermique sont mélangés dans un réservoir tampon à des fins de transport à grande distance. L'invention permet de réduire la viscosité des fractions pétrolières lourdes sans dépenses d'énergie considérables, en mode de craquage basse température, et de simplifier le processus technologique de préparation au transport à grande distance.
PCT/RU2009/000167 2009-04-08 2009-04-08 Procédé pour réduire la viscosité de fractions pétrolières lourdes WO2010117292A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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PCT/RU2009/000167 WO2010117292A1 (fr) 2009-04-08 2009-04-08 Procédé pour réduire la viscosité de fractions pétrolières lourdes

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PCT/RU2009/000167 WO2010117292A1 (fr) 2009-04-08 2009-04-08 Procédé pour réduire la viscosité de fractions pétrolières lourdes

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2679315C1 (ru) * 2018-10-11 2019-02-07 Андрей Юрьевич Беляев Способ снижения вязкости нефти
CN115043571A (zh) * 2022-08-17 2022-09-13 东营千禧龙科工贸有限公司 一种石油开采污泥处理装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5969207A (en) * 1994-02-02 1999-10-19 Kozyuk; Oleg V. Method for changing the qualitative and quantitative composition of a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons based on the effects of cavitation
RU2215775C1 (ru) * 2002-08-07 2003-11-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЭКОТЕХ" Способ переработки тяжелых нефтесодержащих фракций и установка для его осуществления
WO2006065775A2 (fr) * 2004-12-15 2006-06-22 Temple University Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education Procede pour reduire la viscosite de petrole brut
WO2006104462A1 (fr) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-05 Bioson International Pte Ltd Ameliorations aux moyens de reduction de la viscosite dans les produits petroliers

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5969207A (en) * 1994-02-02 1999-10-19 Kozyuk; Oleg V. Method for changing the qualitative and quantitative composition of a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons based on the effects of cavitation
RU2215775C1 (ru) * 2002-08-07 2003-11-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЭКОТЕХ" Способ переработки тяжелых нефтесодержащих фракций и установка для его осуществления
WO2006065775A2 (fr) * 2004-12-15 2006-06-22 Temple University Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education Procede pour reduire la viscosite de petrole brut
WO2006104462A1 (fr) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-05 Bioson International Pte Ltd Ameliorations aux moyens de reduction de la viscosite dans les produits petroliers

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2679315C1 (ru) * 2018-10-11 2019-02-07 Андрей Юрьевич Беляев Способ снижения вязкости нефти
CN115043571A (zh) * 2022-08-17 2022-09-13 东营千禧龙科工贸有限公司 一种石油开采污泥处理装置
CN115043571B (zh) * 2022-08-17 2022-11-04 东营千禧龙科工贸有限公司 一种石油开采污泥处理装置

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