WO2010116095A1 - Evaluating a peripheral deformation of a tire during use - Google Patents

Evaluating a peripheral deformation of a tire during use Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010116095A1
WO2010116095A1 PCT/FR2010/050678 FR2010050678W WO2010116095A1 WO 2010116095 A1 WO2010116095 A1 WO 2010116095A1 FR 2010050678 W FR2010050678 W FR 2010050678W WO 2010116095 A1 WO2010116095 A1 WO 2010116095A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
variation
section
evaluating
magnetic field
crushing
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Application number
PCT/FR2010/050678
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Alexis Le Goff
Roland Blanpain
Original Assignee
Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives
Societe De Technologie Michelin
Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A.
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Application filed by Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives, Societe De Technologie Michelin, Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. filed Critical Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives
Publication of WO2010116095A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010116095A1/en

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60CVEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/06Signalling devices actuated by deformation of the tyre, e.g. tyre mounted deformation sensors or indirect determination of tyre deformation based on wheel speed, wheel-centre to ground distance or inclination of wheel axle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60CVEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/06Signalling devices actuated by deformation of the tyre, e.g. tyre mounted deformation sensors or indirect determination of tyre deformation based on wheel speed, wheel-centre to ground distance or inclination of wheel axle
    • B60C23/065Signalling devices actuated by deformation of the tyre, e.g. tyre mounted deformation sensors or indirect determination of tyre deformation based on wheel speed, wheel-centre to ground distance or inclination of wheel axle by monitoring vibrations in tyres or suspensions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60CVEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/06Signalling devices actuated by deformation of the tyre, e.g. tyre mounted deformation sensors or indirect determination of tyre deformation based on wheel speed, wheel-centre to ground distance or inclination of wheel axle
    • B60C23/068Signalling devices actuated by deformation of the tyre, e.g. tyre mounted deformation sensors or indirect determination of tyre deformation based on wheel speed, wheel-centre to ground distance or inclination of wheel axle by monitoring chassis to tyre distance

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to measuring systems and more particularly to a system for evaluating the peripheral deformation of a tire of a motor vehicle wheel.
  • the wheels of a motor vehicle are increasingly equipped with pressure sensors that can alert the driver when the tire pressure becomes insufficient (for example, in the event of a slow puncture).
  • pressure sensors are attached to the rim valve, on the inside of the tire, and periodically transmit, via a radio link, a measurement of the pressure to an electronic system (typically, the on-board computer of the vehicle).
  • an electronic system typically, the on-board computer of the vehicle.
  • a disadvantage of such a direct measurement technique is that the use of pressure sensors is expensive.
  • the sensors require a power source, in practice, a battery.
  • Techniques for indirectly evaluating the pressure of a tire are also known. A first The technique consists in comparing the speed of each wheel with respect to a reference speed which is a function of the speed of the vehicle. Such a technique is not reliable if several wheels are deflated.
  • US-A-7,412,879 provides to equip the inner surface of each tire of two magnetized rings arranged symmetrically with respect to the middle of the tread of the tire.
  • a magnetic field sensor, carried by the hub of the wheel is placed between the two crowns so that in normal position
  • JP-A-2003/344205 discloses a method of detecting abnormality in the internal pressure of a tire by exploiting magnetic field measurements.
  • This document uses two magnetic sensors.
  • a first sensor (14) is carried by the axle box and serves to evaluate the deflection of the tire.
  • a second sensor (15) is carried by the wing and is used to estimate, by an evaluation of the distance to the axis of the wheel, the load of the vehicle. The internal pressure is deduced from the evaluation of the load and the arrow.
  • An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of the known systems for evaluating a deformation of a tire to detect a loss of internal pressure of the tire.
  • An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a system requiring no modification of a conventional tire or rim.
  • An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to avoid the presence of a sensor at the axle of the vehicle. More generally, an object of an embodiment of the invention is to propose a system for measuring a peripheral deformation of a metal object in rotation.
  • a system for evaluating a magnitude related to a peripheral deformation of an object rotating about an axis and having a belt of at least partially ferromagnetic material a constraint in the form of a circle in the absence of external pressure imposed on a section of its periphery while an external pressure on this section causes a crushing of the periphery at said section comprising: at least one magnetometer in the extending a radius of said object outside its periphery and at a distance from the fixed axis of rotation or fixed average during the evaluation period; and means for evaluating a variation of the amplitude of the magnetic field measured by said at least one magnetometer over several revolutions of the object, this variation of amplitude corresponding to a variation of the radius of the belt outside said section.
  • the system comprises means for calculating a variation of the internal pressure of the object or a variation of the crushing of said belt at said section from said variation. amplitude.
  • said object is a wheel equipped with a motor vehicle tire.
  • said at least one sensor is placed on the strut of the motor vehicle.
  • the system further comprises means for estimating the value of the internal pressure or the crushing of said object knowing said variation of pressure or of crushing said object as well as a value reference defined during a pre-calibration.
  • said at least one magnetometer is placed at a variable distance from the axis of rotation.
  • the system comprises two magnetometers in the extension of the same radius of the object.
  • said means evaluate a gradient of the magnetic field between two magnetometers, preferably integrated in a gradient-meter.
  • a method of evaluating a peripheral deformation of an object rotating about an axis and having a belt of at least partially a material ferromagnetic, constraint in the form of a circle in the absence of external pressure imposed on a section of its periphery while an external pressure causes a crushing of said section comprising steps of: measuring the magnetic field in the extension of a radius of said object outside its periphery; and evaluating a variation of the amplitude of the magnetic field over several revolutions of the object, this amplitude variation corresponding to a variation of the radius of the belt outside said section.
  • a variation of the internal pressure of the object or a variation of the crushing of the object at said section is evaluated from said amplitude variation.
  • a reference value of the crushing or pressure is stored while the object is considered as not deformed, the method further comprising a step of estimating the value of the internal pressure or crushing knowing said pressure variation.
  • the step of evaluating the variation of the amplitude of the magnetic field consists of evaluating a variation of the variance or the standard deviation of the amplitude of the magnetic field.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a system for evaluating a peripheral deformation of a tire
  • FIG. 2 is an example of the shape of the magnetic field of a vehicle wheel as a function of an angular position
  • Figure 3 is a side view of a wheel equipped with a tire illustrating the operation of a system for evaluating a peripheral deformation
  • Figures 4A and 4B are timing diagrams illustrating the operation of the system of Figure 3
  • FIG. 5 is a side view of a wheel equipped with another embodiment of a system for evaluating a peripheral deformation.
  • the embodiments of the present invention which will be described take advantage of the existence, in a motor vehicle tire, of a metal belt made of a ferromagnetic material, most often made of steel, thus having a field-related remnant magnetization. to which steel has been subjected.
  • This metal belt is integrated into the tire rubber at its tread.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a wheel 1 of a motor vehicle (of which only the wheel arch 21 of the bodywork is shown).
  • the wheel 1 is carried by a strut 3 whose one end carries the hub 11 of the wheel on which is mounted a rim 12 receiving a tire 4.
  • the other end of the strut 3 is connected to the frame (symbolized by a line 2) via a damping mechanism (not shown).
  • the tire 4 comprises a metal belt 41 which has a remanent magnetization.
  • the magnetization of the belt 41 depends on the history of the tire and the magnetic fields undergone by it, in particular during its manufacture. In addition, the inventors have found that this magnetization is variable on the circumference of the tire.
  • the deformation measuring device of FIG. 1 comprises at least one magnetometer 5 placed at a distance d from the center A of the upper wheel to the radius of the wheel, that is to say outside the periphery of the wheel. pneumatic or out of the volume in which the tire fits.
  • the magnetometer is placed at a fixed distance from the center of the wheel, for example by being placed on the turn of the damping spring closest to the axis.
  • the magnetometer 5 is connected by a link 51 or not wired to a centralizing device 6 measurements made on the various wheels, for example the computer on board the vehicle. As the magnetization of the tire is not regular, the value of the magnetic field measured by the magnetometer 5 varies as the wheel rotates.
  • the tire is when manufactured subject to a controlled magnetic field giving it a irregular magnetization. This makes it possible to increase the magnetization, thus the intensity of the signal picked up by the magnetometers.
  • FIG. 2 represents an example of variation of the intensity of the magnetic field (in microtesla ⁇ T) measured at a fixed distance from the axis of the wheel as a function of an angular position CC in degrees (°).
  • the representation of FIG. 2 arbitrarily identifies angular positions between 0 and 360 degrees as well as an order of magnitude of magnitude of the magnetic field. This amplitude of course depends on the distance of the magnetometer from the surface of the tire. In the same way, the 0 microtesla reference level is arbitrary and depends on the calibration of the magnetometer.
  • FIG 3 is a more detailed representation of the wheel 2 of Figure 1 illustrating a deformation related to its ground support S in a situation where the tire is partially deflated. This results in a strong crushing of the periphery of the tire which touches the ground. In practice, a lighter crush also occurs for a normally inflated tire ( Figure 1). This crushing is called the arrow of the tire.
  • the evaluation of the boom is an important parameter in the detection of an inflation defect.
  • the present invention takes advantage of the fact that the metal belt 41 (also called the crown-top) of the periphery of the tire (under its tread 42) can be considered as having a constant length (inextensible and incompressible) because of its rigidity. linked to its metallic character.
  • the flattening of the lower part 412 of the belt (section of its periphery) in contact with the ground generates, considering the metal belt of invariant length, an increase of the radius of this belt (solid line 4I3) in the rest of the periphery of the tire and in particular in the upper part.
  • the rest position (FIG. 1) of the belt 41 has been illustrated by a dotted line 41i in FIG.
  • the depth of insertion of the belt at the bottom shows the arrow f of the deformation.
  • This arrow is related to the length 1 of contact of the tread of the tire and the radius R of the metal belt 41 in its upper part.
  • Theoretical calculations linking the deformation of the tire belt, the boom, the length of the tread on the ground and the radius, are described for example in an Applied Mathematical Modeling of 1981 page 422 to 427 in an article of F. Koutny (Load-deflection curves for radial Tires). However, the implementation of the described embodiments does not require knowing these distances f, 1 and R.
  • the magnetometer 5 As the magnetometer 5 is, in the example of FIGS. 1 and 2, placed at a distance d fixed with respect to the center A of the wheel, the magnetic field that it measures has a greater amplitude when the radius R of the belt 41 in its upper part increases. It is therefore possible to deduce, from a variation of the average amplitude of the magnetic field measured by the sensor 5, information on the deformation of the tire in its lower part, therefore on the load of the vehicle or on the pressure in the tire. .
  • the signal processing means received from the sensor 5 average several revolutions of the wheel and evaluate a variation of a magnitude depending on this average.
  • a variation of a dispersion around the mean value is evaluated, for example a variation of the variance or the standard deviation of the amplitude of the magnetic field measured by the magnetometer.
  • an average is made on a very large number of wheel turns (several hundred).
  • the safety standards require that the provision of information on the pressure of the tire every twenty minutes is sufficient.
  • the electronic computer or the on-board computer managing the system is preferably set or programmed not to take measurements when the vehicle is stationary, so as not to lose the last reliable value. at the moment of the stop. For example, we do not take into account the first and last wheel turns. Alternatively, the computer identifies and specifically stores the last value considered reliable.
  • the senor 5 is not located at a constant height of the center of the wheel but is, for practical reasons, carried by the frame. Means the response of the sensor on a very large number of revolutions makes it possible to consider that the average distance between the sensor and the center of the wheel is constant. Thus, the average value makes it possible to neglect the amplitude variations due to the movement of the wheels linked to the dampers.
  • averaging the response of the sensor over several revolutions amounts to considering that the measurement is carried out at constant load while this document provides for evaluating the load.
  • the embodiments of the present invention evaluate, with the aid of the sensor outside the periphery of the wheel, the counter-arrow (variation of the radius of the wheel out of the section of the wheel). periphery undergoing external pressure - ground support) considering the constant vehicle load, whereas the above-mentioned document sensor, located outside the periphery of the wheel, evaluates the variation of the distance between the sensor and the axis (the load of the vehicle).
  • any type of magnetometer (scalar, vector mono- axis, vector tri-axis can be used.)
  • it will preferentially align the direction of measurement (or one of the directions) according to a radius of the wheel or in a direction tangent to the tire, in order to optimize the level of the received signal
  • a scalar magnetometer has the advantage of being free from the projection of the earth's magnetic field on one of the axes, and gives directly the modulus of the magnetic field.
  • 4A and 4B are timing diagrams illustrating the operation of the measurement system
  • Figure 4A shows the magnetic signature B of a wheel
  • Figure 4B shows the standard deviation ⁇ obtained.
  • these figures illustrate a first phase T1 in which the standard deviation of the average value of the magnetic field takes a value ⁇ 1, followed by a second phase T2 in which the tire deflates.
  • the standard deviation then takes a value greater than ⁇ 2.
  • the delay between the change of amplitude in the measured magnetic field and the change in value (instant t0) of the standard deviation has been ignored.
  • a delay depending on the number of revolutions taken into account by average value appears.
  • a third phase T3 it is assumed that the speed of rotation is accelerated. Such a change in speed has no effect on the standard deviation of the mean value of the magnetic field.
  • the operation of the measurements requires a learning phase so as to determine a reference value corresponding to a tire considered as not deformed (or deformed in a normal way). This allows, among other things, to avoid positioning tolerances of the magnetometer during manufacture of the vehicle.
  • a calibration of the system is performed to convert a variation of the average value into a pressure value.
  • Figure 5 shows schematically another embodiment of a system for evaluating the deformation of a tire.
  • Two magnetic sensors 5i and 52 are carried by the frame 2.
  • these sensors are preferably integrated in a device called gradient-meter including two sensors very close to each other and measuring the gradient of the field, for example, in the radial direction.
  • the system averages the magnetic field over a very large number of wheel revolutions to smooth the effect of the vertical deflection of the wheel.
  • Such an embodiment improves the sensitivity of the measurement.
  • a gradient-meter is more sensitive to amplitude variations with distance.
  • the two sensors are available in separate ⁇ sitifs and the processing system calculates the difference between the mean values measured by the two sensors.
  • the two sensors 5i and 52 are aligned in an ortho-radial direction (parallel or perpendicular to a tangent to the tire).
  • an ortho-radial direction parallel or perpendicular to a tangent to the tire.
  • the invention has been more particularly described in relation to an application to a motor vehicle wheel, it more generally applies to the measurement of a deformation of a rotating object, provided that this object comprises a belt at least partially of a ferromagnetic material, of constant length and maintaining at rest (in the absence of external stress) a circular shape.
  • this object comprises a belt at least partially of a ferromagnetic material, of constant length and maintaining at rest (in the absence of external stress) a circular shape.
  • it will most often be a metal belt embedded in a plastic material (rubber in the case of the tire) having a shape and hardness suitable to constrain the object in the form of a crown.

Abstract

The invention relates a system for evaluating a value linked to a peripheral deformation of an object (1) rotating about an axis (A) and having a belt (41) made of an at least partly ferromagnetic material, constrained to a circular shape in the absence of external pressure imposed on a section of the periphery thereof, while an external pressure leads to a crushing of said section, comprising: at least one magnetometer (5) aligned with a radius of said object outside the periphery thereof and spaced apart from the rotational axis (A) which is fixed or on average fixed during the course of evaluation; and means for evaluating a variation in the amplitude of the magnetic field measured by said at least one magnetometer over several revolutions of the object, said variation in amplitude corresponding to a variation in the radius (R) of the belt outside said section.

Description

EVALUATION D'UNE DEFORMATION PERIPHERIQUE D'UN PNEUMATIQUE EN EVALUATION OF A PERIPHERAL DEFORMATION OF A PNEUMATIC IN
COURS D'UTILISATIONCOURSE OF USE
Domaine de l ' inventionField of the invention
La présente invention concerne de façon générale les systèmes de mesure et, plus particulièrement un système d'évaluation de la déformation périphérique d'un pneumatique d'une roue de véhicule automobile. Exposé de l ' art antérieurThe present invention generally relates to measuring systems and more particularly to a system for evaluating the peripheral deformation of a tire of a motor vehicle wheel. Presentation of the prior art
Pour des questions de sécurité et d'environnement, les roues de véhicule automobile sont de plus en plus souvent équipées de capteurs de pression susceptibles d'alerter le conducteur quand la pression du pneumatique devient insuffisante (par exemple, en cas de crevaison lente) .For safety and environmental reasons, the wheels of a motor vehicle are increasingly equipped with pressure sensors that can alert the driver when the tire pressure becomes insufficient (for example, in the event of a slow puncture).
Généralement, des capteurs de pression sont fixés sur la valve de la jante, côté intérieur du pneumatique, et transmettent périodiquement, par une liaison radio, une mesure de la pression à un système électronique (typiquement, l'ordinateur de bord du véhicule) . Un inconvénient d'une telle technique de mesure directe est que le recours à des capteurs de pression est coûteux. De plus, les capteurs requièrent une source d'énergie, en pratique, une pile. On connaît également des techniques d'évaluation indirecte de la pression d'un pneumatique. Une première technique consiste à comparer la vitesse de chaque roue par rapport à une vitesse de référence fonction de la vitesse du véhicule. Une telle technique n'est pas fiable si plusieurs roues sont dégonflées. Une autre technique indirecte a recours à des ultrasons pour évaluer la distance entre la jante de la roue et la ceinture externe du pneumatique côté route (là où le rayon de la roue diminue si le pneumatique est dégonflé) . Une telle technique est complexe à mettre en oeuvre. Le document US-A-7 412 879 prévoit d'équiper la surface interne de chaque pneumatique de deux couronnes aimantées disposées symétriquement par rapport au milieu de la bande de roulement du pneumatique. Un capteur de champ magnétique, porté par le moyeu de la roue est placé entre les deux couronnes de telle sorte qu'en position normaleGenerally, pressure sensors are attached to the rim valve, on the inside of the tire, and periodically transmit, via a radio link, a measurement of the pressure to an electronic system (typically, the on-board computer of the vehicle). A disadvantage of such a direct measurement technique is that the use of pressure sensors is expensive. In addition, the sensors require a power source, in practice, a battery. Techniques for indirectly evaluating the pressure of a tire are also known. A first The technique consists in comparing the speed of each wheel with respect to a reference speed which is a function of the speed of the vehicle. Such a technique is not reliable if several wheels are deflated. Another indirect technique uses ultrasound to evaluate the distance between the wheel rim and the outer tire of the road-side tire (where the radius of the wheel decreases if the tire is deflated). Such a technique is complex to implement. US-A-7,412,879 provides to equip the inner surface of each tire of two magnetized rings arranged symmetrically with respect to the middle of the tread of the tire. A magnetic field sensor, carried by the hub of the wheel is placed between the two crowns so that in normal position
(pneumatique non déformé) , le champ résultant des deux émetteurs de champ magnétique s'annule. En cas de déformation du pneumatique, ce champ ne s'annule plus au niveau du capteur. Un inconvénient de cette technique est qu'elle requiert l'intégration de couronnes aimantées dans les pneumatiques. De plus, elle requiert un positionnement précis du capteur par rapport aux couronnes contenues dans le pneumatique.(undistorted tire), the field resulting from the two magnetic field emitters vanishes. In case of deformation of the tire, this field no longer vanishes at the sensor. A disadvantage of this technique is that it requires the integration of magnetized rings in the tires. In addition, it requires precise positioning of the sensor relative to the rings contained in the tire.
Le document JP-A-2003/344205 décrit un procédé de détection d'anomalie dans la pression interne d'un pneumatique en exploitant des mesures de champ magnétique. Ce document utilise deux capteurs magnétiques. Un premier capteur (14) est porté par la boîte d'essieu et sert à évaluer la flèche du pneumatique. Un second capteur (15) est porté par l'aile et sert à estimer, par une évaluation de la distance à l'axe de la roue, la charge du véhicule. La pression interne est déduite de l'évaluation de la charge et de la flèche.JP-A-2003/344205 discloses a method of detecting abnormality in the internal pressure of a tire by exploiting magnetic field measurements. This document uses two magnetic sensors. A first sensor (14) is carried by the axle box and serves to evaluate the deflection of the tire. A second sensor (15) is carried by the wing and is used to estimate, by an evaluation of the distance to the axis of the wheel, the load of the vehicle. The internal pressure is deduced from the evaluation of the load and the arrow.
Il serait souhaitable de disposer d'un système d'évaluation d'une déformation subie par un pneumatique en cours d'utilisation qui évite le besoin d'un capteur dans la roue ou dans le pneumatique. II serait également souhaitable de disposer un système de constitution simple et fiable.It would be desirable to have a tire deformation evaluation system in use which avoids the need for a sensor in the wheel or tire. It would also be desirable to have a simple and reliable constitution system.
Il serait également souhaitable d'éviter le montage de capteur au niveau de l'essieu ou de la boîte d'essieu du véhicule.It would also be desirable to avoid sensor mounting at the axle or axle box of the vehicle.
Plus généralement, il serait souhaitable de disposer d'un système d'évaluation d'une déformation d'un élément en rotation autour d'un axe. Résumé Un objet d'un mode de réalisation de la présente invention est de pallier tout ou partie des inconvénients des systèmes connus d'évaluation d'une déformation d'un pneumatique pour détecter une perte de pression interne du pneumatique.More generally, it would be desirable to have a system for evaluating a deformation of an element rotating about an axis. SUMMARY An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of the known systems for evaluating a deformation of a tire to detect a loss of internal pressure of the tire.
Un objet d'un mode de réalisation de la présente invention est de proposer un système ne nécessitant aucune modification d'un pneumatique usuel ou d'une jante usuelle.An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a system requiring no modification of a conventional tire or rim.
Un objet d'un mode de réalisation de la présente invention est d'éviter la présence d'un capteur au niveau de l'essieu du véhicule. Plus généralement, un objet d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention est de proposer un système de mesure d'une déformation périphérique d'un objet métallique en rotation.An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to avoid the presence of a sensor at the axle of the vehicle. More generally, an object of an embodiment of the invention is to propose a system for measuring a peripheral deformation of a metal object in rotation.
Pour atteindre tous ces objets ainsi que d'autres, il est prévu un système d'évaluation d'une grandeur liée à une déformation périphérique d'un objet en rotation autour d'un axe et présentant une ceinture en un matériau au moins partiellement ferromagnétique, contrainte en forme de cercle en l'absence de pression extérieure imposée sur un tronçon de sa périphérie tandis qu'une pression extérieure sur ce tronçon entraîne un écrasement de la périphérie au niveau dudit tronçon, le système comportant : au moins un magnétomètre dans le prolongement d'un rayon dudit objet à l'extérieur de sa périphérie et à une distance de l'axe de rotation fixe ou en moyenne fixe pendant la durée d'évaluation ; et des moyens d'évaluation d'une variation de l'amplitude du champ magnétique mesuré par ledit au moins un magnétomètre sur plusieurs révolutions de l'objet, cette variation d' amplitude correspondant à une variation du rayon de la ceinture hors dudit tronçon.To achieve all these objects as well as others, there is provided a system for evaluating a magnitude related to a peripheral deformation of an object rotating about an axis and having a belt of at least partially ferromagnetic material a constraint in the form of a circle in the absence of external pressure imposed on a section of its periphery while an external pressure on this section causes a crushing of the periphery at said section, the system comprising: at least one magnetometer in the extending a radius of said object outside its periphery and at a distance from the fixed axis of rotation or fixed average during the evaluation period; and means for evaluating a variation of the amplitude of the magnetic field measured by said at least one magnetometer over several revolutions of the object, this variation of amplitude corresponding to a variation of the radius of the belt outside said section.
Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, le système comporte des moyens de calcul d'une variation de la pression interne de l'objet ou d'une variation de l'écrasement de ladite ceinture au niveau dudit tronçon à partir de ladite variation d'amplitude.According to one embodiment of the present invention, the system comprises means for calculating a variation of the internal pressure of the object or a variation of the crushing of said belt at said section from said variation. amplitude.
Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, ledit objet est une roue équipée d'un pneumatique de véhicule automobile.According to an embodiment of the present invention, said object is a wheel equipped with a motor vehicle tire.
Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, ledit au moins un capteur est placé sur la jambe de force du véhicule automobile.According to one embodiment of the present invention, said at least one sensor is placed on the strut of the motor vehicle.
Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, le système comprend en outre des moyens d' estimation de la valeur de la pression interne ou de l'écrasement dudit objet connaissant ladite variation de pression ou d'écrasement dudit objet ainsi qu'une valeur de référence définie lors d'un étalonnage préalable.According to one embodiment of the present invention, the system further comprises means for estimating the value of the internal pressure or the crushing of said object knowing said variation of pressure or of crushing said object as well as a value reference defined during a pre-calibration.
Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, ledit au moins un magnétomètre est placé à une distance variable de l'axe de rotation.According to an embodiment of the present invention, said at least one magnetometer is placed at a variable distance from the axis of rotation.
Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, le système comporte deux magnétomètres dans le prolongement d'un même rayon de l'objet.According to one embodiment of the present invention, the system comprises two magnetometers in the extension of the same radius of the object.
Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, lesdits moyens évaluent un gradient du champ magnétique entre deux magnétomètres, de préférence intégrés dans un gradient- mètre .According to one embodiment of the present invention, said means evaluate a gradient of the magnetic field between two magnetometers, preferably integrated in a gradient-meter.
On prévoit également un procédé d'évaluation d'une déformation périphérique d'un objet en rotation autour d'un axe et présentant une ceinture en un matériau au moins partiellement ferromagnétique, contrainte en forme de cercle en l'absence de pression extérieure imposée sur un tronçon de sa périphérie tandis qu'une pression extérieure entraîne un écrasement dudit tronçon, comportant des étapes de : mesurer le champ magnétique dans le prolongement d'un rayon dudit objet à l'extérieur de sa périphérie ; et évaluer une variation de l'amplitude du champ magnétique sur plusieurs révolutions de l'objet, cette variation d'amplitude correspondant à une variation du rayon de la ceinture hors dudit tronçon.There is also provided a method of evaluating a peripheral deformation of an object rotating about an axis and having a belt of at least partially a material ferromagnetic, constraint in the form of a circle in the absence of external pressure imposed on a section of its periphery while an external pressure causes a crushing of said section, comprising steps of: measuring the magnetic field in the extension of a radius of said object outside its periphery; and evaluating a variation of the amplitude of the magnetic field over several revolutions of the object, this amplitude variation corresponding to a variation of the radius of the belt outside said section.
Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, une variation de la pression interne de l'objet ou une variation de l'écrasement de l'objet au niveau dudit tronçon est évaluée à partir de ladite variation d'amplitude. Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, lors d'un étalonnage préalable, une valeur de référence de l'écrasement ou de la pression est mémorisée alors que l'objet est considéré comme non déformé, le procédé comprenant en outre une étape d'estimation de la valeur de la pression interne ou de l'écrasement connaissant ladite variation de pression.According to one embodiment of the present invention, a variation of the internal pressure of the object or a variation of the crushing of the object at said section is evaluated from said amplitude variation. According to an embodiment of the present invention, during a prior calibration, a reference value of the crushing or pressure is stored while the object is considered as not deformed, the method further comprising a step of estimating the value of the internal pressure or crushing knowing said pressure variation.
Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, l'étape d'évaluation de la variation de l'amplitude du champ magnétique consiste à évaluer une variation de la variance ou de l'écart type de l'amplitude du champ magnétique. Brève description des dessinsAccording to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of evaluating the variation of the amplitude of the magnetic field consists of evaluating a variation of the variance or the standard deviation of the amplitude of the magnetic field. Brief description of the drawings
Ces objets, caractéristiques et avantages, ainsi que d'autres seront exposés en détail dans la description suivante de modes de réalisation particuliers faite à titre non-limitatif en relation avec les figures jointes parmi lesquelles : la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un système d'évaluation d'une déformation périphérique d'un pneumatique ; la figure 2 est un exemple d'allure du champ magnétique d'une roue de véhicule en fonction d'une position angulaire ; la figure 3 est une vue latérale d'une roue équipée d'un pneumatique illustrant le fonctionnement d'un système d'évaluation d'une déformation périphérique ; les figures 4A et 4B sont des chronogrammes illustrant le fonctionnement du système de la figure 3 ; et la figure 5 est une vue latérale d'une roue équipée d'un autre mode de réalisation d'un système d'évaluation d'une déformation périphérique.These and other objects, features, and advantages will be set forth in detail in the following description of particular embodiments made non-limitatively in connection with the accompanying figures in which: FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a system for evaluating a peripheral deformation of a tire; FIG. 2 is an example of the shape of the magnetic field of a vehicle wheel as a function of an angular position; Figure 3 is a side view of a wheel equipped with a tire illustrating the operation of a system for evaluating a peripheral deformation; Figures 4A and 4B are timing diagrams illustrating the operation of the system of Figure 3; and FIG. 5 is a side view of a wheel equipped with another embodiment of a system for evaluating a peripheral deformation.
De mêmes éléments ont été désignés par de mêmes références aux différentes figures. Description détailléeThe same elements have been designated with the same references in the various figures. detailed description
Par souci de clarté, seuls les éléments utiles à la compréhension de l ' invention ont été représentés et seront décrits. En particulier, les détails constitutifs d'un pneumatique à carcasse ou ceinture métallique auquel s'applique à titre d'exemple la présente invention n'ont pas été exposés, 1 ' invention étant compatible avec tout pneumatique à carcasse ou ceinture métallique usuel. De plus, l'exploitation faite des mesures (par exemple, affichage d'un message d'alerte au conducteur, information sonore du conducteur, etc.) n'a pas non plus été détaillée, l'invention étant compatible avec toute application usuelle de telles mesures. Sauf précision contraire, les qualificatifs de direction (vertical, horizontal, etc.) et de position relative (dessous, dessus, etc.) sont arbitrairement exprimés dans l'orientation des figures.For the sake of clarity, only the elements useful for understanding the invention have been shown and will be described. In particular, the constituent details of a carcass tire or metal belt to which the present invention is applied by way of example have not been disclosed, the invention being compatible with any conventional carcass tire or metal belt. Moreover, the operation made of the measurements (for example, display of an alert message to the driver, sound information of the driver, etc.) has also not been detailed, the invention being compatible with any usual application. such measures. Unless otherwise specified, the qualifiers of direction (vertical, horizontal, etc.) and relative position (bottom, top, etc.) are arbitrarily expressed in the orientation of the figures.
Les modes de réalisation de la présente invention qui vont être décrits tirent profit de l'existence, dans un pneumatique de véhicule automobile, d'une ceinture métallique en un matériau ferromagnétique, le plus souvent en acier, présentant donc une aimantation rémanente liée aux champs magnétiques auxquels l ' acier a été soumis . Cette ceinture métallique est intégrée dans la gomme de pneumatique au niveau de sa bande de roulement.The embodiments of the present invention which will be described take advantage of the existence, in a motor vehicle tire, of a metal belt made of a ferromagnetic material, most often made of steel, thus having a field-related remnant magnetization. to which steel has been subjected. This metal belt is integrated into the tire rubber at its tread.
La figure 1 représente schématiquement une roue 1 de véhicule automobile (dont seul le passage de roue 21 de la carrosserie est représenté) . La roue 1 est portée par une jambe de force 3 dont une extrémité porte le moyeu 11 de la roue sur lequel est montée une jante 12 recevant un pneumatique 4. L'autre extrémité de la jambe de force 3 est reliée au châssis (symbolisé par un trait 2) par l'intermédiaire d'un mécanisme amortisseur (non représenté) .FIG. 1 schematically represents a wheel 1 of a motor vehicle (of which only the wheel arch 21 of the bodywork is shown). The wheel 1 is carried by a strut 3 whose one end carries the hub 11 of the wheel on which is mounted a rim 12 receiving a tire 4. The other end of the strut 3 is connected to the frame (symbolized by a line 2) via a damping mechanism (not shown).
Le pneumatique 4 comporte une ceinture métallique 41 qui présente une aimantation rémanente. L'aimantation de la ceinture 41 dépend de l'histoire du pneumatique et des champs magnétiques subis par celui-ci, en particulier lors de sa fabrication. De plus, les inventeurs ont constaté que cette aimantation est variable sur la circonférence du pneumatique.The tire 4 comprises a metal belt 41 which has a remanent magnetization. The magnetization of the belt 41 depends on the history of the tire and the magnetic fields undergone by it, in particular during its manufacture. In addition, the inventors have found that this magnetization is variable on the circumference of the tire.
Le dispositif de mesure de déformation de la figure 1 comporte au moins un magnétomètre 5, placé à une distance d du centre A de la roue supérieure au rayon de la roue, c'est-à-dire à l'extérieur de la périphérie du pneumatique ou hors du volume dans lequel s'inscrit le pneumatique. Dans l'exemple, le magnétomètre est placé à une distance fixe du centre de la roue, par exemple en étant placé sur la spire du ressort d'amortisseur le plus près de l'axe. Le magnétomètre 5 est relié par une liaison 51 filaire ou non à un dispositif centralisateur 6 des mesures effectuées sur les différentes roues, par exemple l'ordinateur de bord du véhicule. Comme l'aimantation du pneumatique n'est pas régulière, la valeur du champ magnétique mesurée par le magnétomètre 5 varie lorsque la roue tourne. Ces variations, qui sont fonction de la position angulaire de la roue, définissent une signature magnétique du pneumatique qui se répète d'un tour à l'autre. Les autres éléments métalliques de la roue (la jante si elle est en acier, le disque de frein, les roulements, etc.) influent également sur la signature magnétique. Toutefois, ils sont plus éloignés du capteur et influent donc moins sur la signature.The deformation measuring device of FIG. 1 comprises at least one magnetometer 5 placed at a distance d from the center A of the upper wheel to the radius of the wheel, that is to say outside the periphery of the wheel. pneumatic or out of the volume in which the tire fits. In the example, the magnetometer is placed at a fixed distance from the center of the wheel, for example by being placed on the turn of the damping spring closest to the axis. The magnetometer 5 is connected by a link 51 or not wired to a centralizing device 6 measurements made on the various wheels, for example the computer on board the vehicle. As the magnetization of the tire is not regular, the value of the magnetic field measured by the magnetometer 5 varies as the wheel rotates. These variations, which are a function of the angular position of the wheel, define a magnetic signature of the tire which is repeated from one revolution to another. The other metal elements of the wheel (the rim if it is made of steel, the brake disc, the bearings, etc.) also influence the magnetic signature. However, they are further away from the sensor and therefore have less influence on the signature.
Le cas échéant, le pneu est lors de sa fabrication soumis à un champ magnétique contrôlé lui conférant une aimantation irrégulière. Cela permet d'accroître l'aimantation, donc l'intensité du signal capté par les magnétomètres .Where applicable, the tire is when manufactured subject to a controlled magnetic field giving it a irregular magnetization. This makes it possible to increase the magnetization, thus the intensity of the signal picked up by the magnetometers.
La figure 2 représente un exemple de variation de l'intensité du champ magnétique (en microtesla μT) mesurée à une distance fixe de l'axe de la roue en fonction d'une position angulaire CC en degrés (°) . La représentation de la figure 2 identifie de façon arbitraire des positions angulaires entre 0 et 360 degrés ainsi qu'un ordre de grandeur d'amplitude du champ magnétique. Cette amplitude dépend bien entendu de la distance du magnétomètre par rapport à la surface du pneumatique. De la même façon, le niveau de référence à 0 microtesla est arbitraire et dépend de 1 ' étalonnage du magnétomètre .FIG. 2 represents an example of variation of the intensity of the magnetic field (in microtesla μT) measured at a fixed distance from the axis of the wheel as a function of an angular position CC in degrees (°). The representation of FIG. 2 arbitrarily identifies angular positions between 0 and 360 degrees as well as an order of magnitude of magnitude of the magnetic field. This amplitude of course depends on the distance of the magnetometer from the surface of the tire. In the same way, the 0 microtesla reference level is arbitrary and depends on the calibration of the magnetometer.
La figure 3 est une représentation plus détaillée de la roue 2 de la figure 1 illustrant une déformation liée à son appui au sol S dans une situation où le pneumatique est partiellement dégonflé. Cela se traduit par un fort écrasement de la périphérie du pneumatique qui touche le sol. En pratique, un écrasement plus léger se produit également pour un pneumatique normalement gonflé (figure 1) . On appelle cet écrasement la flèche du pneumatique. L'évaluation de la flèche est un paramètre important dans la détection d'un défaut de gonflage.Figure 3 is a more detailed representation of the wheel 2 of Figure 1 illustrating a deformation related to its ground support S in a situation where the tire is partially deflated. This results in a strong crushing of the periphery of the tire which touches the ground. In practice, a lighter crush also occurs for a normally inflated tire (Figure 1). This crushing is called the arrow of the tire. The evaluation of the boom is an important parameter in the detection of an inflation defect.
La présente invention tire profit du fait que la ceinture métallique 41 (également appelée nappe-sommet) de la périphérie du pneumatique (sous sa bande de roulement 42) peut être considérée comme ayant une longueur constante (inextensible et incompressible) en raison de sa rigidité liée à son caractère métallique. L'aplanissement de la partie basse 412 de la ceinture (tronçon de sa périphérie) en contact avec le sol engendre, en considérant la ceinture métallique de longueur invariante, un accroissement du rayon de cette ceinture (trait plein 4I3) dans le reste de la périphérie du pneumatique et notamment en partie haute. Pour faire ressortir ce phénomène, la position au repos (figure 1) de la ceinture 41 a été illustrée par un pointillé 41i en figure 3. La hauteur d'enfoncement de la ceinture en partie basse représente la flèche f de la déformation. Cette flèche est liée à la longueur 1 de contact de la bande de roulement du pneumatique et au rayon R de la ceinture métallique 41 dans sa partie supérieure. Des calculs théoriques reliant la déformation de la ceinture du pneumatique, la flèche, la longueur de la bande de roulement au sol et le rayon, sont décrits par exemple dans un ouvrage Applied Mathematical Modelling de 1981 page 422 à 427 dans un article de F. Koutny (Load-deflection curves for radial Tyres) . Toutefois, la mise en oeuvre des modes de réalisation décrits n'exige pas de connaître ces distances f, 1 et R.The present invention takes advantage of the fact that the metal belt 41 (also called the crown-top) of the periphery of the tire (under its tread 42) can be considered as having a constant length (inextensible and incompressible) because of its rigidity. linked to its metallic character. The flattening of the lower part 412 of the belt (section of its periphery) in contact with the ground generates, considering the metal belt of invariant length, an increase of the radius of this belt (solid line 4I3) in the rest of the periphery of the tire and in particular in the upper part. To bring out this phenomenon, the rest position (FIG. 1) of the belt 41 has been illustrated by a dotted line 41i in FIG. The depth of insertion of the belt at the bottom shows the arrow f of the deformation. This arrow is related to the length 1 of contact of the tread of the tire and the radius R of the metal belt 41 in its upper part. Theoretical calculations linking the deformation of the tire belt, the boom, the length of the tread on the ground and the radius, are described for example in an Applied Mathematical Modeling of 1981 page 422 to 427 in an article of F. Koutny (Load-deflection curves for radial Tires). However, the implementation of the described embodiments does not require knowing these distances f, 1 and R.
Comme le magnétomètre 5 est, dans l'exemple des figures 1 et 2, placé à une distance d fixe par rapport au centre A de la roue, le champ magnétique qu'il mesure présente une amplitude plus importante lorsque le rayon R de la ceinture 41 dans sa partie supérieure augmente. Il est donc possible de déduire, d'une variation de l'amplitude moyenne du champ magnétique mesuré par le capteur 5, une information sur la déformation du pneumatique dans sa partie basse, donc sur la charge du véhicule ou sur la pression dans le pneumatique.As the magnetometer 5 is, in the example of FIGS. 1 and 2, placed at a distance d fixed with respect to the center A of the wheel, the magnetic field that it measures has a greater amplitude when the radius R of the belt 41 in its upper part increases. It is therefore possible to deduce, from a variation of the average amplitude of the magnetic field measured by the sensor 5, information on the deformation of the tire in its lower part, therefore on the load of the vehicle or on the pressure in the tire. .
On voit que, même si le pneumatique présente toujours une déformation en raison du poids du véhicule, on est quand même en mesure de déduire une diminution de la pression à l'intérieur du pneumatique en mesurant une variation de l'amplitude du champ magnétique.It can be seen that even if the tire still exhibits a deformation due to the weight of the vehicle, it is still possible to deduce a decrease in the pressure inside the tire by measuring a variation in the amplitude of the magnetic field.
Les moyens de traitement des signaux reçus du capteur 5 effectuent une moyenne sur plusieurs révolutions de la roue et évaluent une variation d'une grandeur fonction de cette moyenne. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, on évalue une variation d'une dispersion autour de la valeur moyenne, par exemple une variation de la variance ou de l'écart type de l'amplitude du champ magnétique mesurée par le magnétomètre. Cela permet de s'affranchir d'éventuelles perturbations magnétiques environnementales au système. De préférence, on réalise une moyenne sur un très grand nombre de tours de roue (plusieurs centaines) . En pratique, les normes de sécurité prescrivent que la fourniture d'une information sur la pression du pneumatique toutes les vingt minutes suffit.The signal processing means received from the sensor 5 average several revolutions of the wheel and evaluate a variation of a magnitude depending on this average. According to a preferred embodiment, a variation of a dispersion around the mean value is evaluated, for example a variation of the variance or the standard deviation of the amplitude of the magnetic field measured by the magnetometer. This makes it possible to overcome possible environmental magnetic disturbances to the system. Preferably, an average is made on a very large number of wheel turns (several hundred). In practice, the safety standards require that the provision of information on the pressure of the tire every twenty minutes is sufficient.
On notera que la mesure doit s'effectuer alors que la roue est en rotation. En effet, si la roue est arrêtée sur une position angulaire qui correspond à un point de la signature où le champ est nul, il devient impossible de détecter une variation de l'amplitude du champ. Toutefois, si le pneumatique perd de la pression à l'arrêt, cette perte pourra être détectée dès le démarrage du véhicule en ayant mémorisé la dernière valeur moyenne. En d'autres termes, le calculateur électronique ou l'ordinateur de bord gérant le système est, de préférence, paramétré ou programmé pour ne pas exploiter de mesure quand le véhicule est à l'arrêt, afin de ne pas perdre la dernière valeur fiable au moment de l'arrêt. Par exemple, on ne tient pas compte des premier et dernier tours de roue. En variante, le calculateur identifie et mémorise spécifiquement la dernière valeur considérée comme fiable.It should be noted that the measurement must be made while the wheel is rotating. Indeed, if the wheel is stopped on an angular position which corresponds to a point of the signature where the field is zero, it becomes impossible to detect a variation of the amplitude of the field. However, if the tire loses pressure when stopped, this loss can be detected from the start of the vehicle having stored the last average value. In other words, the electronic computer or the on-board computer managing the system is preferably set or programmed not to take measurements when the vehicle is stationary, so as not to lose the last reliable value. at the moment of the stop. For example, we do not take into account the first and last wheel turns. Alternatively, the computer identifies and specifically stores the last value considered reliable.
En variante, le capteur 5 n'est pas situé à hauteur constante du centre de la roue mais est, pour des raisons pratiques, porté par le châssis. Moyenner la réponse du capteur sur un très grand nombre de révolutions permet de considérer que la distance moyenne entre le capteur et le centre de la roue est constante. Ainsi, la valeur moyenne permet de négliger les variations d'amplitude dues au débattement des roues liées aux amortisseurs.Alternatively, the sensor 5 is not located at a constant height of the center of the wheel but is, for practical reasons, carried by the frame. Means the response of the sensor on a very large number of revolutions makes it possible to consider that the average distance between the sensor and the center of the wheel is constant. Thus, the average value makes it possible to neglect the amplitude variations due to the movement of the wheels linked to the dampers.
Par rapport au document JP-A-2003/344205 susmentionné, moyenner la réponse du capteur sur plusieurs révolutions revient à considérer que la mesure s'effectue à charge constante alors que ce document prévoit d'évaluer la charge. Les modes de réalisation de la présente invention évaluent, à l'aide du capteur à l'extérieur de la périphérie de la roue, la contre- flèche (variation du rayon de la roue hors du tronçon de la périphérie subissant la pression extérieure - l'appui au sol) en considérant la charge du véhicule constante, alors que le capteur du document susmentionné, situé hors de la périphérie de la roue, évalue la variation de la distance entre le capteur et l'axe (la charge du véhicule) .Compared with the aforementioned document JP-A-2003/344205, averaging the response of the sensor over several revolutions amounts to considering that the measurement is carried out at constant load while this document provides for evaluating the load. The embodiments of the present invention evaluate, with the aid of the sensor outside the periphery of the wheel, the counter-arrow (variation of the radius of the wheel out of the section of the wheel). periphery undergoing external pressure - ground support) considering the constant vehicle load, whereas the above-mentioned document sensor, located outside the periphery of the wheel, evaluates the variation of the distance between the sensor and the axis (the load of the vehicle).
Tout type de magnétomètre (scalaire, vectoriel mono- axe, vectoriel tri-axes peut être utilisé. Dans le cas d'un magnétomètre vectoriel, on alignera préférentiellement la direction de mesure (ou l'une des directions) selon un rayon de la roue ou selon une direction tangente au pneumatique, pour optimiser le niveau du signal reçu. Un magnétomètre scalaire présente l'avantage de s'affranchir de la projection du champ magnétique terrestre sur un des axes, et donne directement le module du champ magnétique . Les figures 4A et 4B sont des chronogrammes illustrant le fonctionnement du système de mesure. La figure 4A représente la signature magnétique B d'une roue. La figure 4B représente l'écart type σ obtenu.Any type of magnetometer (scalar, vector mono- axis, vector tri-axis can be used.) In the case of a vector magnetometer, it will preferentially align the direction of measurement (or one of the directions) according to a radius of the wheel or in a direction tangent to the tire, in order to optimize the level of the received signal A scalar magnetometer has the advantage of being free from the projection of the earth's magnetic field on one of the axes, and gives directly the modulus of the magnetic field. 4A and 4B are timing diagrams illustrating the operation of the measurement system Figure 4A shows the magnetic signature B of a wheel Figure 4B shows the standard deviation σ obtained.
Temporellement, ces figures illustrent une première phase Tl dans laquelle l'écart type de la valeur moyenne du champ magnétique prend une valeur σl, suivie d'une deuxième phase T2 dans laquelle le pneumatique se dégonfle. L'écart type prend alors une valeur supérieure σ2. Pour simplifier, le retard entre le changement d'amplitude dans le champ magnétique mesuré et le changement de valeur (instant tO) de l'écart type a été ignoré. En pratique, un retard dépendant du nombre de tours pris en compte par valeur moyenne apparaît. Dans une troisième phase T3, on suppose une accélération de la vitesse de rotation. Une telle variation de la vitesse est sans effet sur l'écart type de valeur moyenne du champ magnétique.Temperarily, these figures illustrate a first phase T1 in which the standard deviation of the average value of the magnetic field takes a value σ1, followed by a second phase T2 in which the tire deflates. The standard deviation then takes a value greater than σ2. For simplicity, the delay between the change of amplitude in the measured magnetic field and the change in value (instant t0) of the standard deviation has been ignored. In practice, a delay depending on the number of revolutions taken into account by average value appears. In a third phase T3, it is assumed that the speed of rotation is accelerated. Such a change in speed has no effect on the standard deviation of the mean value of the magnetic field.
L'exploitation des mesures requiert une phase d'apprentissage de façon à déterminer une valeur de référence correspondant à un pneumatique considéré comme non déformé (ou déformé de façon normale) . Cela permet, entre autres, de s ' affranchir de tolérances de positionnement du magnétomètre lors de la fabrication du véhicule.The operation of the measurements requires a learning phase so as to determine a reference value corresponding to a tire considered as not deformed (or deformed in a normal way). This allows, among other things, to avoid positioning tolerances of the magnetometer during manufacture of the vehicle.
Par ailleurs, dans des applications où l'on souhaite indiquer une estimation de la valeur de la pression interne du pneumatique, un étalonnage du système est effectué pour convertir une variation de la valeur moyenne en valeur de pression.Furthermore, in applications where it is desired to indicate an estimate of the value of the internal pressure of the tire, a calibration of the system is performed to convert a variation of the average value into a pressure value.
La figure 5 représente schématiquement un autre mode de réalisation d'un système d'évaluation de la déformation d'un pneumatique.Figure 5 shows schematically another embodiment of a system for evaluating the deformation of a tire.
Deux capteurs magnétiques 5i et 52 sont portés par le châssis 2. En pratique, ces capteurs sont préférentiellement intégrés dans un dispositif appelé gradient-mètre incluant deux capteurs très proches l'un de l'autre et mesurant le gradient du champ, par exemple, dans la direction radiale. Comme dans d'autres modes de réalisation déjà décrits, le système moyenne le champ magnétique sur un très grand nombre de tours de roue pour lisser l'effet du débattement vertical de la roue.Two magnetic sensors 5i and 52 are carried by the frame 2. In practice, these sensors are preferably integrated in a device called gradient-meter including two sensors very close to each other and measuring the gradient of the field, for example, in the radial direction. As in other embodiments already described, the system averages the magnetic field over a very large number of wheel revolutions to smooth the effect of the vertical deflection of the wheel.
Un tel mode de réalisation améliore la sensibilité de la mesure. En particulier, un gradient-mètre est plus sensible aux variations d'amplitude avec la distance.Such an embodiment improves the sensitivity of the measurement. In particular, a gradient-meter is more sensitive to amplitude variations with distance.
En variante, les deux capteurs sont dans des dispo¬ sitifs distincts et le système de traitement calcule la différence entre les valeurs moyennes mesurées par les deux capteurs.Alternatively, the two sensors are available in separate ¬ sitifs and the processing system calculates the difference between the mean values measured by the two sensors.
Selon une autre variante, les deux capteurs 5i et 52 (intégrés ou non dans un gradient-mètre) sont alignés sur une direction ortho-radiale (parallèle ou perpendiculaire à une tangente au pneumatique) . Divers modes de réalisation avec diverses variantes ont été décrits ci-dessus. On notera que l'homme de l'art pourra combiner divers éléments et ces divers modes de réalisation et variantes sans faire preuve d'activité inventive. Par ailleurs, la mise en oeuvre pratique de l'invention et les calculs à effectuer par des moyens informatiques ou calculateurs électroniques est à la portée de l'homme du métier à partir des indications fonctionnelles données ci-dessus. De plus, le choix des positions des capteurs sur le châssis du véhicule dépend de l'application et de la carrosserie qui déterminent des positions préférées.According to another variant, the two sensors 5i and 52 (integrated or not integrated in a gradient-meter) are aligned in an ortho-radial direction (parallel or perpendicular to a tangent to the tire). Various embodiments with various variants have been described above. It will be appreciated that those skilled in the art can combine various elements and these various embodiments and variants without demonstrating inventive step. Moreover, the practical implementation of the invention and the calculations to be performed by computer or computer means electronic devices is within the reach of those skilled in the art from the functional indications given above. In addition, the choice of sensor positions on the vehicle chassis depends on the application and the body which determine preferred positions.
En outre, bien que l'invention ait été plus particulièrement décrite en relation avec une application à une roue de véhicule automobile, elle s'applique plus généralement à la mesure d'une déformation d'un objet en rotation, pourvu que cet objet comporte une ceinture au moins partiellement en un matériau ferromagnétique, de longueur constante et conservant au repos (en l'absence de contrainte extérieure) une forme circulaire. En pratique, il s'agira le plus souvent d'une ceinture métallique noyée dans une matière plastique (gomme dans le cas du pneumatique) ayant une forme et une dureté adaptées à contraindre l'objet en forme de couronne. Furthermore, although the invention has been more particularly described in relation to an application to a motor vehicle wheel, it more generally applies to the measurement of a deformation of a rotating object, provided that this object comprises a belt at least partially of a ferromagnetic material, of constant length and maintaining at rest (in the absence of external stress) a circular shape. In practice, it will most often be a metal belt embedded in a plastic material (rubber in the case of the tire) having a shape and hardness suitable to constrain the object in the form of a crown.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Système d'évaluation d'une grandeur liée à une déformation périphérique d'un objet (1) en rotation autour d'un axe (A) et présentant une ceinture (41) en un matériau au moins partiellement ferromagnétique, contrainte en forme de cercle en l'absence de pression extérieure imposée sur un tronçon de sa périphérie tandis qu'une pression extérieure entraîne un écrasement dudit tronçon, comportant : au moins un magnétomètre (5 ; 5]_, 52) dans le prolongement d'un rayon dudit objet à l'extérieur de sa périphérie et à une distance de l'axe (A) de rotation fixe ou en moyenne fixe pendant la durée d' évaluation ; et des moyens d'évaluation d'une variation de l'amplitude du champ magnétique mesuré par ledit au moins un magnétomètre sur plusieurs révolutions de l'objet, cette variation d'amplitude correspondant à une variation du rayon (R) de la ceinture hors dudit tronçon.1. A system for evaluating a quantity related to a peripheral deformation of an object (1) rotated about an axis (A) and having a belt (41) made of at least partially ferromagnetic material, constraint-shaped a circle in the absence of external pressure imposed on a section of its periphery while an external pressure causes a crushing of said section, comprising: at least one magnetometer (5; 5] _, 52) in the extension of a radius said object outside its periphery and at a distance from the axis (A) of fixed rotation or fixed average during the evaluation period; and means for evaluating a variation of the magnitude of the magnetic field measured by said at least one magnetometer over several revolutions of the object, said amplitude variation corresponding to a variation of the radius (R) of the belt out. said section.
2. Système selon la revendication 1, comportant des moyens de calcul d'une variation de la pression interne de l'objet ou d'une variation de l'écrasement de ladite ceinture au niveau dudit tronçon à partir de ladite variation d'amplitude.2. System according to claim 1, comprising means for calculating a variation of the internal pressure of the object or a variation of the crushing of said belt at said section from said amplitude variation.
3. Système selon la revendication 2, dans lequel ledit objet est une roue (1) équipée d'un pneumatique (4) de véhicule automobile.3. System according to claim 2, wherein said object is a wheel (1) equipped with a tire (4) of a motor vehicle.
4. Système selon la revendication 3, dans lequel ledit au moins un capteur est placé sur la jambe de force (3) du véhicule automobile.4. System according to claim 3, wherein said at least one sensor is placed on the strut (3) of the motor vehicle.
5. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, comprenant en outre des moyens d'estimation de la valeur de la pression interne ou de l'écrasement dudit objet connaissant ladite variation de pression ou d'écrasement dudit objet ainsi qu'une valeur de référence définie lors d'un étalonnage préalable. 5. System according to any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising means for estimating the value of the internal pressure or the crushing of said object knowing said variation of pressure or crushing of said object as well as a reference value defined during a pre-calibration.
6. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit au moins un magnétomètre (5) est placé à une distance variable de l'axe (A) de rotation.6. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one magnetometer (5) is placed at a variable distance from the axis (A) of rotation.
7. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant deux magnétomètres (5]_, 52) dans le prolongement d'un même rayon de l'objet (1) .7. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising two magnetometers (5] _, 52) in the extension of the same radius of the object (1).
8. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lesdits moyens (6) évaluent un gradient du champ magnétique entre deux magnétomètres (5]_, 52), de préférence intégrés dans un gradient-mètre.8. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said means (6) evaluate a gradient of the magnetic field between two magnetometers (5, _, 52), preferably integrated in a gradient-meter.
9. Procédé d'évaluation d'une déformation périphérique d'un objet (1) en rotation autour d'un axe (A) et présentant une ceinture (41) en un matériau au moins partiellement ferromagnétique, contrainte en forme de cercle en l'absence de pression extérieure imposée sur un tronçon de sa périphérie tandis qu'une pression extérieure entraîne un écrasement dudit tronçon, comportant des étapes de : mesurer le champ magnétique dans le prolongement d'un rayon dudit objet à l'extérieur de sa périphérie ; et évaluer une variation de l'amplitude du champ magnétique sur plusieurs révolutions de l'objet, cette variation d' amplitude correspondant à une variation du rayon (R) de la ceinture hors dudit tronçon.9. A method for evaluating a peripheral deformation of an object (1) rotating about an axis (A) and having a belt (41) made of at least partially ferromagnetic material, constrained in the form of a circle in the form of a circle. absence of external pressure imposed on a section of its periphery while an external pressure causes a crushing of said section, comprising steps of: measuring the magnetic field in the extension of a radius of said object outside its periphery; and evaluating a variation of the amplitude of the magnetic field over several revolutions of the object, this variation of amplitude corresponding to a variation of the radius (R) of the belt outside said section.
10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel une variation de la pression interne de l'objet ou une variation de l'écrasement de l'objet au niveau dudit tronçon est évaluée à partir de ladite variation d'amplitude.10. The method of claim 9, wherein a variation of the internal pressure of the object or a variation of the crushing of the object at said section is evaluated from said amplitude variation.
11. Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel, lors d'un étalonnage préalable, une valeur de référence de l'écrasement ou de la pression est mémorisée alors que l'objet est considéré comme non déformé, le procédé comprenant en outre une étape d'estimation de la valeur de la pression interne ou de l'écrasement connaissant ladite variation de pression. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, during a pre-calibration, a reference value of the crush or pressure is stored while the object is considered as undistorted, the method further comprising a step of estimating the value of the internal pressure or crushing knowing said pressure variation.
12. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel l'étape d'évaluation de la variation de l'amplitude du champ magnétique consiste à évaluer une variation de la variance ou de l'écart type de l'amplitude du champ magnétique. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of evaluating the variation of the magnitude of the magnetic field is to evaluate a variation in the variance or standard deviation of the magnitude of the magnetic field.
PCT/FR2010/050678 2009-04-08 2010-04-08 Evaluating a peripheral deformation of a tire during use WO2010116095A1 (en)

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FR0952284 2009-04-08
FR0952284A FR2944231B1 (en) 2009-04-08 2009-04-08 EVALUATION OF A PERIPHERAL DEFORMATION OF A PNEUMATIC DURING USE

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WO2012044437A1 (en) * 2010-09-27 2012-04-05 The Boeing Company Tire monitoring in vehicles per laser beam
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FR2944231A1 (en) 2010-10-15

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