WO2010110448A1 - 糖原料からのアルコール連続発酵方法及び装置 - Google Patents
糖原料からのアルコール連続発酵方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010110448A1 WO2010110448A1 PCT/JP2010/055443 JP2010055443W WO2010110448A1 WO 2010110448 A1 WO2010110448 A1 WO 2010110448A1 JP 2010055443 W JP2010055443 W JP 2010055443W WO 2010110448 A1 WO2010110448 A1 WO 2010110448A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/12—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing fuels or solvents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/06—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by chemical means or hydrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
- C12M47/02—Separating microorganisms from the culture medium; Concentration of biomass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for continuous fermentation of alcohol from a sugar raw material, and more specifically, from a culture solution, a fermentation microorganism (yeast) and an unreacted saccharification residue (unreacted solid) are selectively recovered and recovered.
- yeast fermentation microorganism
- unreacted saccharification residue unreacted solid
- the saccharified raw material is supplied to the fermentation process while containing unreacted saccharified residue (unreacted solids). The fact is.
- the culture solution (fermented solution) taken out from the fermenter after fermentation contains unreacted solids.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for continuously producing alcohol. A culture solution in which ethanol and yeast are mixed is taken out from the fermenter, allowed to stand to precipitate and isolate the yeast cells, and the separated cells are placed in the fermenter. We perform “bacteria cell recycling” to return and continue alcoholic fermentation. Also in Patent Document 2, cells and valuables are separated by a membrane separation method after the end of fermentation.
- JP 2008-253154 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-210072
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for continuous fermentation of alcohol from a sugar raw material that can selectively recover yeast and unreacted saccharification residue from the fermentation broth.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for continuous fermentation of alcohol from an efficient and high-yield sugar raw material by returning the recovered yeast to the fermenter and returning the unreacted saccharification residue to the saccharification step. It is to provide.
- the invention according to claim 1 is a saccharification step for saccharifying a saccharide raw material, a fermentation step for continuously supplying saccharified liquid to perform alcoholic fermentation, and saccharification unreacted derived from the saccharide raw material after the fermentation step
- a saccharification unreacted residue separation step for separating a saccharification unreacted residue from a fermentation liquid containing a residue and a fermentation microorganism mainly composed of yeast for fermentation, and a fermentation microorganism from the fermentation solution after the saccharification unreacted residue separation step
- a fermentation microorganism separation step the saccharification unreacted residue separated in the saccharification unreacted residue separation step is returned to the saccharification step, and the fermentation microorganism separated in the fermentation microorganism separation step is returned to the fermentation step. It is the alcohol continuous fermentation method from the sugar raw material characterized.
- the saccharification unreacted residue separation step comprises a plurality of separation steps constituted by separators having different openings.
- the first separation step the average particle size ⁇ 1 of the saccharification unreacted residue is determined.
- a separator with an opening in the range of ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1.2 to 1.5 allows most of the unreacted saccharification residue and fermented microorganisms to pass through and prevents passage of some of the saccharification unreacted residue.
- the opening is smaller than the average particle diameter ⁇ 1 of the saccharification unreacted residue and larger than the average diameter ⁇ 2 of the yeast, and the opening is in the range of ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2-5.
- the invention according to claim 3 comprises an intermediate separation step between the first separation step and the last separation step of the saccharification unreacted residue separation step, and in the intermediate separation step, the average particle size ⁇ of the saccharification unreacted residue Unreacted saccharification residue passed through the first separation step by a separator having an opening smaller than 1 and larger than the average diameter ⁇ 2 of the fermentation microorganism and having an opening in the range of ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0.5 to 0.9
- the microbial saccharification unreacted residue and the fermenting microorganism are allowed to pass through, and the microbial saccharification unreacted residue having a particle size in the vicinity of the average particle size is blocked.
- the invention according to claim 4 includes a saccharification treatment tank for saccharification of a saccharide raw material, and a fermenter for continuously supplying a saccharified liquid to perform alcoholic fermentation.
- the saccharification unreacted residue separation device for separating the saccharification unreacted residue from the fermented liquid containing fermentation microorganisms mainly composed of yeast for fermentation and the saccharification unreacted residue, and fermentation for separating the fermented microorganisms from the fermentation liquid containing the fermentation microorganisms
- the saccharification unreacted residue separation apparatus includes separators having different openings in multiple stages, and the first stage separator has an opening larger than the average particle size ⁇ 1 of the saccharification unreacted residues. a mesh in the range of ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1.2 ⁇ 1.5, the separator of the last stage is greater than the average diameter gamma 2 of small and yeast than the average particle size gamma 1 saccharification unreacted residue.
- the invention according to claim 6 is provided with an intermediate stage separator between the first stage separator and the last stage separator, and the intermediate stage separator has an average particle size ⁇ of the unreacted saccharification residue.
- the recovered yeast is returned to the fermenter, and the saccharification unreacted residue is returned to the saccharification step, thereby providing an alcohol continuous fermentation method and apparatus from an efficient and high-yield sugar raw material. be able to.
- the method of the present invention includes a saccharification step for saccharifying a saccharide raw material, a fermentation step for continuously supplying saccharified liquid to perform alcoholic fermentation, and a saccharification unreacted residue derived from the saccharide raw material after the fermentation step.
- a saccharification unreacted residue separation step for separating a saccharification unreacted residue from a fermentation liquid containing a fermentation microorganism mainly composed of yeast for fermentation, and a fermentation microorganism for separating the fermentation microorganism from the fermentation solution after the saccharification unreacted residue separation step
- a non-saccharification unreacted residue separation step is returned to the saccharification step, and the fermented microorganisms separated in the fermentation microorganism separation step is returned to the fermentation step.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention, in which 1 is a saccharification treatment tank employed in the saccharification step.
- the raw material supplied to the saccharification processing tank 1 is saccharified by an ordinary method.
- raw materials include paper, wood, waste wood, waste building materials, building materials, grass, straw, natural fibers, food, and leftovers.
- grains such as rice, wheat and corn, woody biomass, woody waste Preferred examples include lignocellulosic biomass such as products, herbaceous biomass and herbaceous waste.
- raw materials are preferably cut and pulverized into powder or chips of an appropriate size.
- the saccharified liquid is continuously supplied to the fermenter 2 employed in the fermentation process, and alcohol fermented by fermenting microorganisms mainly composed of yeast in the fermenter 2.
- the fermenter 2 is provided with a stirrer 20 and is constantly or intermittently stirred.
- a continuous alcohol production method is employed in which fermenting microorganisms (yeast) that function in the fermentation process are recycled to effectively use the yeast.
- yeast fermenting microorganisms
- the saccharified liquid contains an unreacted residue (also referred to as an unreacted solid). Since this saccharification unreacted residue is not utilized for yeast as an alcohol raw material in the fermenter 2, it flows out of the fermenter 2 with the fermentation liquid containing yeast as it is. In the present invention, the saccharification unreacted residue and yeast flow out even if intermittent stirring is performed in the fermenter 2.
- the fermentation liquid containing saccharification unreacted residue and yeast is sent to a saccharification unreacted residue separation step.
- a separator 3 is provided as a saccharification unreacted residue separation device.
- the saccharification unreacted residue separation step includes a plurality of separation steps. Therefore, the separator 3 employed in the saccharification unreacted residue separation step is composed of strainers with different openings provided in multiple stages.
- the strainer uses a perforated screen with holes with a predetermined opening on a carbon steel plate or stainless steel plate, or uses a plain or tatami-woven wire mesh with a predetermined opening made of carbon rod wire or stainless steel wire. Further, a double structure screen in which a reinforcing perforated plate is attached to the wire mesh can also be used. It is also preferable to use a screen called a Y-strainer.
- the saccharification unreacted residue and the yeast are separated by the separator 3, and the fermentation liquid containing the yeast is sent to the fermentation microorganism separation step.
- a fermentation microorganism separation device is provided, and in this embodiment, a yeast separation tank 4 is provided as an example of the fermentation microorganism separation device.
- the yeast separation tank 4 the yeast that is a fermentation microorganism is settled and separated, and the precipitated yeast is returned to the fermentation tank 2 through the return pipe 41 (bacteria cell recycling) and reused.
- the unreacted saccharification residue is returned to the saccharification treatment tank 1 through the return pipe 34 and subjected to saccharification treatment.
- the top solution of the yeast separation tank 4 is a fermented solution containing alcohol, and then sent to a processing step such as distillation.
- 31 is the first stage of the separator 3.
- the first stage 31 of the separator 3 employs a strainer having an opening larger than the average particle diameter ⁇ 1 of the saccharification unreacted residue and having an opening in the range of ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1.2 to 1.5.
- This strainer most of the saccharification unreacted residue and fermentation microorganisms are allowed to pass through, and at the same time, part of the saccharification unreacted residue is blocked from passing through and separated.
- the opening is in the range of 120 to 150 ⁇ m.
- the first stage 31 it is preferable to provide a strainer having an opening larger than the average particle size of the unreacted saccharification residue.
- a strainer having an opening smaller than the average particle size of the saccharification unreacted residue is installed. Nevertheless, setting the opening of the strainer in the first stage to a range of ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1.2 to 1.5, which is an opening larger than the average particle size ⁇ 1 of the saccharification unreacted residue, This is in consideration of the particle size distribution of unreacted residues.
- the ratio or total amount of saccharification unreacted residues of 140 ⁇ m or more is about 10 to 30% of the total amount. It has been confirmed.
- the saccharification unreacted residue and fermentation microorganisms that have passed through the first stage 31 are sent to the subsequent separator through the liquid feeding pipe shown in 311 together with the fermentation solution, while the separated saccharification unreacted residue is sent to 312. It is recovered from the recovery port shown and returned to the saccharification treatment tank 1 via the return pipe 34.
- FIG. 2 32 is an intermediate stage of the separator 3.
- the intermediate stage 32 of the separator 3 is provided between the first stage 31 and the last stage 33 of the separator. It is a preferred aspect of the present invention that the separator 3 has three stages.
- the separation of the opening in the range of ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0.5 to 0.9 is smaller than the average particle diameter ⁇ 1 of the saccharification unreacted residue and larger than the average diameter ⁇ 2 of the fermentation microorganism.
- a strainer is used.
- This strainer allows the saccharification unreacted residue and the fermenting microorganisms that have passed through the previous stage to pass through the saccharification unreacted residue and the fermenting microorganisms having a small particle size, and allows passage of the saccharification unreacted residue having a particle size near the average particle size. Stop and separate.
- the opening is in the range of 50 to 90 ⁇ m.
- the saccharification unreacted residue and the fermenting microorganisms that have passed through the intermediate stage 32 are fed together with the fermentation liquid to the subsequent separator through the feeding pipe indicated by 321, while the separated saccharification unreacted residue is indicated by 322. It is recovered from the recovery port and returned to the saccharification treatment tank 1 through the return pipe 34.
- the last stage 33 of the separator 3 has an opening smaller than the average particle diameter ⁇ 1 of the saccharification unreacted residue and larger than the average diameter ⁇ 2 of the yeast, and in the range of ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2-5.
- a strainer which is an open separator, is used.
- This strainer blocks and separates the unreacted saccharification residue having a small particle diameter that has passed through the previous stage, and allows fermentation microorganisms to pass through.
- the average particle diameter of yeast which is a fermentation microorganism, is generally around 10 ⁇ m.
- the ratio or total amount of saccharification unreacted residues of 80 ⁇ m or more and 140 ⁇ m or less is 10 to There are about 30%.
- the unreacted saccharification residue of less than 40 ⁇ m can be regarded as zero.
- all unreacted saccharification residues are removed in the final stage 33.
- the fermenting microorganisms that have passed through the last stage 33 are fed together with the fermentation liquid to the yeast separation tank 4 through the feeding pipe shown at 331, while the separated saccharification unreacted residue is collected from the collection port shown at 332 Then, it is returned to the saccharification treatment tank 1 through the return pipe 34.
- Yeast may exist in the fermentation broth in a state where 2 to 4 cells are linked, but the strainer opening is set to 2 to 5 times the average diameter ⁇ 2 of one yeast. Therefore, the yeast in a connected state can pass through this.
- the separator 3 since the separator 3 is provided with separators having different openings in multiple stages, the saccharification unreacted residue deposited on the mesh is dispersed in each stage. As a result, formation of a compacted layer of unsaccharified saccharification residue on the mesh and supplementation of yeast by the compacted layer can be avoided.
- the saccharification unreacted residue and the yeast are separated by the separator 3.
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Abstract
Description
2:発酵槽
3:分離器
31:最初の段
32:中間段
33:最後の段
34:返送管
4:酵母分離槽
41:返送管
Claims (6)
- 糖原料を糖化する糖化工程と、糖化された液を連続的に供給してアルコール発酵を行う発酵工程と、
前記発酵工程の後に、糖原料に由来する糖化未反応残渣と発酵用酵母を主体とする発酵微生物を含む発酵液から、糖化未反応残渣を分離する糖化未反応残渣分離工程と、
前記糖化未反応残渣分離工程の後に、発酵液から発酵微生物を分離する発酵微生物分離工程とを有し、
前記糖化未反応残渣分離工程で分離された糖化未反応残渣は糖化工程に返送し、前記発酵微生物分離工程で分離された発酵微生物は発酵工程に返送することを特徴とする糖原料からのアルコール連続発酵方法。 - 糖化未反応残渣分離工程は、目開きの異なる分離器によって構成される複数の分離工程からなり、
最初の分離工程では、糖化未反応残渣の平均粒径γ1より大きい目開きで、γ1×1.2~1.5の範囲の目開きの分離器により糖化未反応残渣の大部分と発酵微生物を通過させると共に糖化未反応残渣の一部の通過を阻止して分離し、
最後の分離工程では、糖化未反応残渣の平均粒径γ1よりも小さく、且つ酵母の平均径γ2より大きい目開きで、γ2×2~5の範囲の目開きの分離器により前記糖化未反応残渣を阻止し、発酵微生物を通過させることを特徴とする請求項1記載の糖原料からのアルコール連続発酵方法。 - 糖化未反応残渣分離工程の最初の分離工程と、最後の分離工程の間に、中間分離工程を備え、
該中間分離工程では、糖化未反応残渣の平均粒径γ1よりも小さく、且つ発酵微生物の平均径γ2より大きい目開きで、γ1×0.5~0.9の範囲の目開きの分離器により、最初の分離工程を通過した糖化未反応残渣と発酵微生物のうち、粒径の小さい糖化未反応残渣と発酵微生物を通過させると共に、平均粒径付近の粒径を有する糖化未反応残渣の通過を阻止して分離することを特徴とする請求項2記載の糖原料からのアルコール連続発酵方法。 - 糖原料を糖化する糖化処理槽と、糖化された液を連続的に供給してアルコール発酵を行う発酵槽とを有し、
発酵槽で発酵後の、糖原料に由来する糖化未反応残渣と発酵用酵母を主体とする発酵微生物を含む発酵液から、糖化未反応残渣を分離する糖化未反応残渣分離装置と、
発酵微生物を含む発酵液から発酵微生物を分離する発酵微生物分離装置とを有し、
前記糖化未反応残渣分離装置で分離された糖化未反応残渣を糖化処理槽に返送する返送管と、前記発酵微生物分離装置で分離された発酵微生物を発酵槽に返送する返送管を有することを特徴とする糖原料からのアルコール連続発酵装置。 - 糖化未反応残渣分離装置は、目開きの異なる分離器を多段に備え、
最初の段の分離器は、糖化未反応残渣の平均粒径γ1より大きい目開きで、γ1×1.2~1.5の範囲の目開きであり、
最後の段の分離器は、糖化未反応残渣の平均粒径γ1よりも小さく、且つ酵母の平均径γ2より大きい目開きで、γ2×2~5の範囲の目開きであり、該分離器により前記糖化未反応残渣を阻止し、発酵微生物を通過させることを特徴とする請求項5記載の糖原料からのアルコール連続発酵装置。 - 最初の段の分離器、最後の段の分離器の間に、中間段の分離器を備え、
該中間段の分離器は、糖化未反応残渣の平均粒径γ1よりも小さく、且つ発酵微生物の平均径γ2より大きい目開きで、γ1×0.5~0.9の範囲の目開きであることを特徴とする請求項5記載の糖原料からのアルコール連続発酵装置。
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WO2014103183A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-25 | 2014-07-03 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 糖化液の雑菌除去方法及び発酵システム |
JP2014124101A (ja) * | 2012-12-25 | 2014-07-07 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | 糖化液の雑菌除去方法及び発酵システム |
WO2014129489A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-20 | 2014-08-28 | 東レ株式会社 | 糖液の製造方法 |
JPWO2014129489A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-20 | 2017-02-02 | 東レ株式会社 | 糖液の製造方法 |
US9605291B2 (en) | 2013-02-20 | 2017-03-28 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Sugar-solution production method |
WO2019159991A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-13 | 2019-08-22 | 花王株式会社 | 発酵生成物の製造方法 |
JPWO2019159991A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-13 | 2021-02-04 | 花王株式会社 | 発酵生成物の製造方法 |
JP7198261B2 (ja) | 2018-02-13 | 2022-12-28 | 花王株式会社 | 発酵生成物の製造方法 |
US11578349B2 (en) | 2018-02-13 | 2023-02-14 | Kao Corporation | Multistep manufacturing method for producing fermentation product, which includes culturing microorganism |
WO2023092956A1 (zh) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-06-01 | 浙江华康药业股份有限公司 | 一种生物质糖化发酵生产纤维素乙醇的系统及方法 |
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