WO2010099640A1 - 熔融还原炼铁的方法和装置 - Google Patents

熔融还原炼铁的方法和装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2010099640A1
WO2010099640A1 PCT/CN2009/001134 CN2009001134W WO2010099640A1 WO 2010099640 A1 WO2010099640 A1 WO 2010099640A1 CN 2009001134 W CN2009001134 W CN 2009001134W WO 2010099640 A1 WO2010099640 A1 WO 2010099640A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
furnace
shell
gas
iron
respiratory
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/001134
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
贾会平
Original Assignee
Jia Huiping
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jia Huiping filed Critical Jia Huiping
Priority to AU2009341533A priority Critical patent/AU2009341533B2/en
Publication of WO2010099640A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010099640A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • C21B11/08—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in hearth-type furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • C21B11/10—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in electric furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
    • C21B13/0013—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state introduction of iron oxide into a bath of molten iron containing a carbon reductant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/12—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in electric furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/285—Plants therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for smelting reduction ironmaking, in particular to a direct reduction of molten steel and molten iron produced by a blast furnace by using a natural or nugget ore as a raw material and using a smelting reduction device with a heat accumulator.
  • Method and apparatus Background technique
  • Smelting reduction ironmaking is an important part of current steel production. Its main feature is the use of non-coking coal as a one-time energy source and reducing agent to reduce iron oxide in a molten state. It has coal char, short process and low environmental pollution. The advantages of low construction investment and low production cost are widely recognized in the industry. Steel companies from all over the world are competing for research and development.
  • the existing methods for smelting reduction ironmaking are mainly COREX (CN1010323B), DIOS (CN1035136A), and HISELT (CN1037542A). Among them, the COREX method has been industrialized, and the other two methods are still in the experimental stage.
  • the main feature of the COREX method is that iron oxide pellets or ore blocks are used as raw materials.
  • the pre-reduction and final reduction two-step method is adopted.
  • the pre-reduction is carried out in a shaft furnace, and the final reduction is completed in a melter-gasifier.
  • the COREX method has achieved breakthrough success, it still has its shortcomings, such as low productivity, high coal consumption, high oxygen consumption, large equipment investment, and complicated processes. Compared with the existing advanced blast furnace ironmaking, it still lacks competitiveness.
  • the present applicant discloses a three-step metal reduction method in the patent application No. 200810079321.X, which comprises forming a metal oxide with a certain amount of carbon, a binder, CaO and water into a molding.
  • the first step is to pre-reduction of the molded product in the state of isolating the air and isolating the oxygen;
  • the second step is to collect the evolved gas generated in the first step of the reduction process, and to cool and purify the precipitated gas and
  • the third step is that the final reduction furnace uses the evolved gas as a reducing agent or a heat carrier to further reduce the material from the prereduction furnace, and uses the evolved gas to be mixed with the heat-exchanged air or the oxygen-rich gas to burn.
  • the precipitated gas is mixed with pure oxygen to be burned in the final reduction furnace to heat the reduction furnace product, to achieve final reduction reaction and to melt, to remove slag, and finally to produce molten iron or directly reduce molten steel.
  • the present applicant provides an electric arc furnace smelting reduction in another invention patent application No. 200810079930.5
  • the method and apparatus for iron, the melting furnace portion includes a furnace body, a furnace cover, an electrode, a feeding device, and a discharging device.
  • the device further includes at least one pair of heating furnaces and at least one pair of heat accumulators; the heating furnace is connected to the furnace body of the electric arc furnace through a connection port; one end of the heat accumulator is connected to the heating furnace, and the other end is respectively connected with the discharge system, the fan and The gas treatment unit is connected.
  • the invention fully utilizes the precipitating gas generated by the smelting reduction process, causes the precipitating gas to burn the heating material and the regenerator in the regenerator, and then carries the heat from the regenerator into the furnace body through the gas circulation, so as to optimize the heat utilization. .
  • the above technical solution also has the disadvantages that the raw material molding is easily oxidized during the reduction process, and the slag iron is not easily separated. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides a method for smelting reduction iron making, which does not oxidize the raw material molded product during the reduction process, does not affect heat transfer, optimizes the iron making process, and sufficiently separates the molten steel and the slag.
  • the method for smelting and reducing ironmaking in an electric arc furnace is that the raw material molded product is placed in an electric arc furnace and heated and reduced to metal iron, and the metal oxide ratio of the various iron oxides in the raw material is 40 to 95%.
  • the reduction furnace product is continuously heated and melted to directly produce reduced molten steel or molten iron produced like a blast furnace.
  • the material is a respiratory or semi-breathing shell or an open shell, or a mixture of the three.
  • the respiratory shell, the semi-breathing shell and the open shell are defined as follows:
  • the respiratory shell is mainly composed of a core molding and an outer casing:
  • 1 core moldings are divided into four categories: i, uncoated moldings Fe 2 0 3 , Fe 3 O 4 and other iron oxides mixed with coal powder, coke powder and other carbonaceous materials, ball or pressed into a ball or
  • the carbon content inside the molded product may be the same or different, and other substances such as calcium oxide or calcium carbonate may be added to the molded product to make the composition and strength of the molded product more suitable;
  • other shape moldings with carbonaceous coating, carbonaceous materials allowed to add other substances such as calcium oxide or calcium carbonate the coating can be ball coating, pressure ball coating, coal powder coating, impregnation package
  • the garment may also be coated with a carbonaceous material on the uncoated molding by other methods for the shaped articles of different shapes; iii.
  • the shaped article may also be an iron-free substance or a substance containing less iron, such as a carbonaceous substance. , lime, limestone, etc.; iv, the core molding is uncoated molding If pulverized coal, coke breeze, blue carbon, petroleum coke, etc. or carbonaceous material or the above-mentioned substances are mixed, the ball is ball or pressed into a spherical or other shaped molded product, and the carbon content inside the molded product may be the same or different.
  • the outer shape of the core molded product can be determined according to the material properties of the core molded product, the melting furnace condition, and the requirements.
  • the atmosphere of the smelting furnace may be large or small, and may be a core molding having different outer dimensions in the same smelting furnace, or a core molding having a different material composition.
  • the outer shape of the core molding may be large or small according to the material properties of the core molding material, the furnace condition of the melting furnace, the atmosphere of the required melting furnace, etc., and the core of different outer dimensions may be in the same melting furnace.
  • the molded article may also have a core molding of a different substance.
  • 2 outer casing is made of materials such as limestone, dolomite, lime or calcium carbide or a mixture thereof and other materials such as various types of binders such as silica sol, water glass, phosphoric acid, alumina, etc., and allows for the addition of some other Substance such as metal, metal oxide, carbonaceous material, organic matter and inorganic matter, etc., these materials are mixed or combined in a certain way, and the core molding is wrapped therein.
  • the method of encapsulating may be a rolling ball shell and a pressure ball bag.
  • the shell may also be a dust-coated shell or an impregnated shell, which does not necessarily require the use of other substances in the shell as a skeleton, and does not necessarily require manual perforation on the shell to enhance gas permeability, a single hole.
  • the area and its distribution on the cladding are determined by the nature of the respiratory shell and the ratio of the materials.
  • the cladding must have a certain low temperature strength or high temperature strength, and allow the drying process or the sintering process at a suitable temperature after the cladding.
  • the thickness of the outer casing is also determined according to the material properties and proportion of the entire breathing shell, the composition of the outer casing and the ratio of the material of the outer casing, the furnace condition of the melting furnace, etc., and can be thick or thin.
  • the different parts of the same cladding in the same breathing shell are allowed to be coated with different thicknesses of different materials, and the claddings placed in the breathing shell in the same melting furnace may be coated with different thicknesses or different materials.
  • the atmosphere in the melting furnace can be selected according to the characteristics of various types of breathing shells, either an oxidizing atmosphere, a reducing atmosphere, or a weak oxidizing property. atmosphere.
  • the respiratory shell is at a suitable temperature, taking the respiratory shell mainly containing calcium carbonate as an example.
  • the calcium carbonate in the outer shell decomposes out of co 2 , and the outer shell of the breathing shell still transfers the heat outside the melting furnace into the core molding.
  • the carbonaceous material and iron oxide in the molded product are subjected to a reduction reaction, and generate gases such as CO, C0 2 , H 2 , and hydrocarbons, and these gases are also from the outer casing.
  • the voids are discharged into the smelting furnace, and the amount of gas from the smelting furnace entering the core molding can be based on the respiratory shell within a certain period of time and temperature range.
  • the ratio of the outer shell and the core molding material and the nature of the substance There are several cases in the ratio of the outer shell and the core molding material and the nature of the substance. One is that almost no gas in the melting furnace enters the core molding in the respiratory shell, so that the core molding has no foreign gas.
  • the reduction is carried out; one is that the gas in the smelting furnace enters the core molding in the breathing shell, thereby participating in the reduction reaction carried out in the core molding; the other is that there are many melting furnaces The gas in the gas enters the core molding in the respiratory shell, thereby participating in the reduction reaction to a large extent.
  • the outer shell of the breathing shell will be in the following state during heating from a lower temperature range to a higher temperature range: 1
  • the outer shell of the breathing shell can be kept at a very high temperature and has a complete shape, which allows the core molding to be completed.
  • the outer shell of the respiratory shell remains intact, even until the core molding is molten or semi-molten, or when the shell is directly melted into a liquid state, the outer shell of the respiratory shell still has a complete shape, and then an electric arc furnace or the like can be used for melting.
  • the furnace heats it to make the shell of the breathing shell act as a flux into the liquid metal, thereby completing the separation of the slag iron or the separation of the slag steel, and directly producing the molten steel or the molten iron produced by the blast furnace.
  • the outer shell of the breathing shell can be selected by the conductive material.
  • the same metal as the metal oxide of the core molding, or its metal oxide and metal compound facilitates the subsequent heating process;
  • the outer shell of the respiratory shell cannot be maintained for a long time or at a very high temperature or is a carbonaceous substance, ie Cracking, pitting, and formation of a semi-breathing shell, exposing a portion of the core molding to melting
  • the atmosphere of the melting furnace can be selected according to the degree of crust and pitting of the shell of the breathing shell, so that the reduction process and the subsequent melting process can be carried out in a suitable atmosphere;
  • 3 when the shell of the breathing shell is heated to a high temperature at a low temperature, It is almost impossible to maintain the shape of the shell, and it is almost impossible to effectively isolate the core molding from the atmosphere of the melting furnace to form an open shell.
  • the atmosphere of the melting furnace strongly affects the core molding, and the atmosphere in the melting furnace is required to meet the requirements of reduction and melting.
  • Semi-respiratory shell The main structure and composition of the semi-breathing shell are the same as those of the respiratory shell, except that during the heating process from low temperature to high temperature in the melting furnace, the shell of the respiratory shell is cracked, pitting, etc., thereby forming the core molding. The location corresponding to this damage is exposed to the atmosphere in the smelting furnace, while breathing The other part of the shell also protects the core molding from the smelting furnace gas under the protection of the outer casing.
  • the open case is: 1
  • the main structure and composition of the respiratory shell are the same, but the outer shell of the respiratory shell can hardly maintain the original shape of the shell when heated from low temperature to high temperature, and the heart can hardly be formed.
  • the material is effectively isolated from the smelting furnace atmosphere, and the smelting furnace atmosphere strongly influences the core molding; 2 the core molding is in the absence of an outer shell with a bulk flux of calcium oxide or calcium carbonate or calcium carbide, coal, coal powder, One or more of the materials such as cokes are mixed in a smelting furnace. Under a suitable smelting furnace atmosphere, at a corresponding temperature, the metal oxide is reduced and melted to form direct reduced molten steel or molten iron produced by a blast furnace.
  • the open shell also includes a bulk mixture of a core molding and a bulk flux such as calcium oxide.
  • the breathing shell, the semi-breathing shell and the open shell may be in a converter, an electric arc furnace, a flat furnace, a plasma furnace, an ironmaking blast furnace, an electric resistance furnace, an induction heating furnace, a submerged arc electric arc furnace, a smelting reduction electric arc furnace or a combination furnace type of the above furnace type, etc. Heating is carried out in a melting furnace.
  • the atmosphere in the smelting furnace may be selected from an oxidizing atmosphere, a reducing atmosphere or a weak oxidizing atmosphere depending on the characteristics of the respiratory shell, the semi-breathing shell and the open shell. For the outer shell of the respiratory shell, almost no gas in the melting furnace enters the core molding or gas in the melting furnace enters the core molding.
  • the melting furnace may choose to use an oxidizing atmosphere or a weak oxidizing atmosphere to carry out the breathing shell. Heating, but not excluding heating with a reducing atmosphere; for the case where there is a lot of gas in the melting furnace through the outer shell into the core molding in the breathing shell, the semi-breathing shell or the open shell should adopt a weak oxidizing atmosphere or It is heated by a reducing atmosphere, but it is not excluded that it can be heated by an oxidizing atmosphere.
  • the breathing shell, the semi-breathing shell and the open shell may be in a suitable atmosphere in a melting furnace such as a converter, an electric arc furnace, a flat furnace, a plasma furnace, an electric resistance furnace, an induction heating furnace, a submerged arc electric arc furnace, a smelting reduction furnace or a combination furnace of the above type.
  • a melting furnace such as a converter, an electric arc furnace, a flat furnace, a plasma furnace, an electric resistance furnace, an induction heating furnace, a submerged arc electric arc furnace, a smelting reduction furnace or a combination furnace of the above type.
  • Directly heated to reduce and melt to form direct reduced molten steel or molten iron similar to blast furnace production It can also be transferred to these smelting furnaces when heated to a certain temperature in other furnaces, such as heating to a certain temperature in a smelting reduction furnace.
  • the core moldings are brought into a molten or semi-molten state, or the metal oxides are reduced to a certain extent, transferred to other smelting furnaces connected thereto or independently placed or the smelting reduction furnace itself has the function of these smelting furnaces.
  • an electrode is inserted into the smelting reduction furnace for arc heating, or an induction coil is added to the furnace wall for induction heating, or oxygen is blown to perform similar to converter smelting.
  • the smelting reduction furnace can be a variety of furnace types, such as shaft furnace, rotary furnace, coke oven, etc., where the shaft furnace can be selected from the blast furnace beam kiln, the sleeve kiln, the double kiln or the surrounding inlet and the fuel.
  • the kiln can also be a specific smelting reduction furnace. Regardless of the type of furnace, there is a common feature, that is, the heating fuel has a considerable part of the metal reduction of the core molding from the respiratory shell, the semi-breathing shell or the open shell.
  • the generated combustible gas such as CO, H 2 or hydrocarbons enters the smelting reduction furnace through a shell layer wrapped on the respiratory shell for combustion or heat generated by combustion outside the smelting reduction furnace.
  • a combustible gas such as H 2 or a hydrocarbon or other type of gas or medium is introduced into the melting furnace, or a combustible gas generated by the core molding is used to generate electricity and is heated and smelted by electric heating.
  • the heat generated by these fuels accounts for all or a substantial portion of the heat required for the reduction and melting process.
  • a specific substance may be added during shelling, such as adding a low melting point substance to increase the porosity.
  • a specific substance may be added during the shelling to reduce the porosity, for example, adding SiO 2 /Al 2 0 3 or the like to the calcium carbonate-containing material to reduce the porosity at a high temperature.
  • the materials for preparing the respiratory shell, the semi-breathing shell and the open shell may be powdered with a certain particle size of lime, limestone, dolomite, calcium carbide, or the like, or a certain particle size of lime, limestone, dolomite, calcium carbide, etc. particle.
  • the respiratory shell can also be mixed with pulverized coal and calcium oxide powder or calcium carbonate powder in a certain proportion.
  • the core forming material in the form of an outer shell of calcium carbonate or calcium oxide, is used for the smelting process of preparing calcium carbide; the breathing shell, the semi-breathing shell and the open shell technology can be used for the smelting of other metals, It can be used in the calcination process of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. It can also be used for encapsulation of calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate.
  • the carbonaceous material is encapsulated in a shell and calcined in various furnaces at a certain temperature to form coke or calcium oxide and calcium carbonate containing a shell of calcium oxide and the like.
  • the semi-coke of a shell such as magnesium carbonate is used in places such as blast furnaces, cupolas, calcium carbide melting furnaces, etc. where coke or semi-coke is required.
  • the invention is also particularly suitable for such metal smelting processes or such chemical processes, namely a respiratory shell, a semi-breathing shell, an open shell cladding as a flux for the entire process or a part of the overall process, a core molding in the respiratory shell
  • a respiratory shell a semi-breathing shell
  • an open shell cladding as a flux for the entire process or a part of the overall process
  • a core molding in the respiratory shell The reduction or chemical reaction in a certain temperature range and a certain process time is required to be isolated or at least semi-isolated from the gas in the atmosphere of the melting furnace or the heating furnace or the encapsulating material in the melting furnace.
  • the melting furnace requires the core molding to undergo a reduction reaction or a chemical reaction, and the combustible gas or other gas generated after passing through the pores in the cladding enters the melting furnace as a process participant required for the fuel or process.
  • the core forming material reduction reaction product or chemical reaction product, and the encapsulating material and other substances in the melting furnace are necessary process participants, the respiratory shell material and its semi-breathing shell, open shell and melting furnace Substances in which other substances hardly participate in the reduction process or the chemical reaction process or act as a catalyst only occupy a small or small proportion in the reduction reaction process or the chemical reaction process.
  • the reduction reaction process or the chemical reaction process in the core molding requires the shell of the respiratory shell, the semi-breathing shell, and the open shell to transfer the heat in the melting furnace through the cladding into the core molding as its All or a substantial part of the heat required for the reduction or chemical reaction process
  • the control process selects the appropriate combination of equipment, and the proportion of combustible gases in the flue gas discharged from the melting furnace and its system is very low, and the smoke is discharged.
  • the temperature of the gas is also low. Since the equipment for the entire reduction process or chemical process is relatively simple and compact, the entire melting furnace and its important ancillary equipment can be enclosed in a large container filled with inert gas.
  • the wall of the container can be transparent and opaque.
  • the large container is connected with a gas treatment device, and the gas in the container is subjected to dust removal and purification treatment, and the filtered gas containing mainly inert gas helium is returned to the container. It can reduce pollution emissions and save energy, so that the flue gas discharged from the pipeline is rich in co 2 after being purified to remove harmful substances such as sulfur.
  • the N 2 gas is used in intensive agriculture and the like to provide a source of intensive agricultural CO 2 , and can utilize agricultural crops to extract different parts of agricultural crops as the carbonaceous material of the material of the present invention, so that the whole process becomes a cycle-optimized process. To make it more environmentally friendly.
  • a method may be employed, such as a respiratory shell, a semi-breathing shell or an open shell encased in a core shaped article containing iron oxide or a carbonaceous material, the shell being rich in calcium carbonate or calcium oxide or calcium carbide.
  • the present invention provides an electric arc furnace, a submerged arc electric arc furnace, a converter, and an induction furnace smelting reduction iron making apparatus.
  • the electric arc furnace device may have a melting function, the electric arc furnace device comprising a furnace body, a furnace cover, an electrode, a feeding device and a discharging device, the electric arc furnace device comprising at least one pair of heating furnaces and at least one pair of heat accumulators;
  • the furnace is connected to the furnace body of the electric arc furnace; one end of the regenerator is connected to the heating furnace, and the other end is connected to the discharge system and the blower and/or the gas treatment device, respectively.
  • a gas inlet is provided at the bottom of the electric arc furnace.
  • the submerged arc electric arc furnace device comprises a furnace body, a furnace cover, an electrode and a matching heating furnace, and a regenerator gas treatment device.
  • the bottom of the submerged arc arc furnace is provided with a gas inlet, and the gas inlet is connected with the gas pipeline, and the electrode is directly inserted into the lower part of the smelting material for submerged arc operation.
  • the converter device comprises a furnace body, a furnace cover, an electrode and an auxiliary device.
  • the converter cover is provided with a gas inlet and a desulfurizing agent feeding port, and the gas inlet is connected with the gas pipeline.
  • the induction furnace device comprises a furnace body, a furnace cover, an induction coil and a matching power supply device and an external heating device.
  • the furnace cover and/or the bottom of the furnace are provided with a gas inlet, and the furnace cover is provided with a desulfurizing agent feed port.
  • the present invention employs a respiratory shell, a semi-breathing shell and an open shell technique, and can use the respiratory shell, the semi-breathing shell and the open shell for almost all of the smelting reduction devices, direct reduction devices, and even as raw materials in blast furnace iron making. That is, it can be carried out at a very high temperature, such as a temperature at which the metal is nearly melted or a temperature lower than this temperature, so that the pre-reduction and the final reduction are very rapid, thereby reducing the pre-reduction time, accelerating the pre-reduction process, and also making the material It does not stick at this temperature and can be effectively moved in the prereduction furnace.
  • a very high temperature such as a temperature at which the metal is nearly melted or a temperature lower than this temperature
  • the outer shell of the breathing shell can be used as a flux during smelting. It can save energy without adding or adding other flux, and at the same time make the process more concise.
  • the outer shell of the respiratory shell effectively transfers heat to the core molding for reduction, while the gases generated by the reduction process in the core molding, such as: CO, H 2 , hydrocarbons, etc., pass through the outer casing.
  • the pores enter the reduction furnace, and at the same time, it can control only a small amount of gas in the furnace atmosphere to enter the core molding, so that the core molding can carry out the reduction reaction with little external gas participation, and the reduced metal is avoided. It is oxidized again. Therefore, the refining furnace or the smelting reduction furnace for heating the respiratory shell may employ a reducing atmosphere, or an oxidizing atmosphere or a weak oxidizing atmosphere.
  • the combustible gas discharged from the core molding provides all or most of the heat required for heating the breathing shell, the semi-breathing shell and the open shell material, and at the same time, the amount of combustible gas discharged from the flue gas is small, and the temperature of the flue gas is relatively high. low.
  • the breathing shell, the semi-breathing shell and the open shell material can be used in many smelting furnaces for smelting.
  • the present invention exemplifies some examples of heating smelting.
  • only the fuel including the gas, such as CO, H 2 , hydrocarbons, etc., which is introduced into the reduction furnace through the cladding and the core molding is precipitated, can be melted in the cladding. , semi-melted or still solid state but close to the melting temperature state, saving energy, simplifying the device and improving efficiency.
  • the core molding is separated from the external environment, and the reduction reaction in the shell is not affected. Because the molded material is coated, the shell is effectively protected.
  • the inner core molding material prevents oxidation of the reduced material in the process without affecting the transfer of certain substances and the transfer of heat during the reduction process.
  • the cladding is made of limestone, dolomite, lime, etc., and can be used as a flux for smelting reduction iron or direct reduction steel.
  • a respiratory shell, a semi-breathing shell and an open shell to produce molten iron or direct reduction of molten steel produced by a blast furnace can be carried out without separate coking, without separate sintering and pelletization, or even with separate lime calcination and blast furnace ironmaking processes. , save fuel and simplify the process. Since the outer part of the molded body has a cladding, the contact between the molded articles is avoided to cause adhesion, and the operation process is optimized.
  • the material of the cladding may be alkaline limestone, dolomite, calcium carbide or lime. After the shell is broken during the melting process, it reacts with the acidic substances in the raw materials to form slag, which is convenient for direct reduction of molten steel or molten iron and slag. Other impurities are separated. After the slag and other impurities are removed, the steelmaking process can be carried out in the same smelting furnace, and oxygen or an inert gas can be sprayed into the smelting furnace, and electromagnetic stirring of the electric arc furnace and the induction heating furnace can be effectively performed. That is, in the same melting furnace According to the composition of the materials and the process, the molten iron can be produced, the molten steel can be directly reduced, and the subsequent steel making process can be carried out, thereby effectively saving energy and reducing pollution.
  • the invention can eliminate one or several of separate coking, sintering, pellet firing, lime calcination, blast furnace ironmaking, and the equipment arrangement required for the entire reduction process or chemical process is relatively simple and compact, saving land resources. .
  • the pollution source is reduced, and the pollution of dioxins, phenols, nitrogen oxides, sulfur compounds, etc. in the original process is greatly reduced, and the outer shell of the respiratory shell also effectively reduces the discharge of sulfur-containing substances and other harmful substances.
  • the atmosphere can reduce dust emissions.
  • the following process can be carried out, in which only a part or a few acidic substances such as SiO 2 are reduced to a substance similar to metal Si, and some or most of them are directly similar to acidic substances such as SiO 2 Combined with the flux such as CaO in the cladding to form slag discharge, the subsequent processes such as steel making or iron making are more concise and convenient. It is also possible to use less or no oxygen in steel making.
  • the flue gas produced by the invention has a high concentration of 0 2 , and the purified carbon dioxide is used for intensive agriculture after dedusting and purifying, and becomes a source of intensive agricultural CO 2 , and can utilize agricultural crops to refine agricultural crops.
  • Part of the composition of the carbonaceous material of the material of the present invention makes the entire process a cycle-optimized process, making it more environmentally friendly.
  • the invention adopts the techniques of respiratory shell, semi-breathing shell and open clam shell, and can use the respiratory shell, the semi-breathing shell and the open clam shell in various suitable furnace types, and the respiratory shell can also adopt pulverized coal and calcium oxide.
  • Powder or calcium carbonate powder is mixed in a certain proportion to form a core molding, and then in the form of an outer shell of calcium carbonate or calcium oxide for preparing a smelting process for preparing calcium carbide; a respiratory shell, a semi-breathing shell And open shell technology can be used for the smelting of other metals, as well as for the calcination process of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. It can also be used for encapsulating substances such as calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate.
  • the carbonaceous material is encapsulated in a furnace at a certain temperature to form a coke containing calcium oxide or the like, or calcium oxide and calcium carbonate.
  • the semi-coke of a shell such as magnesium carbonate is used in places such as blast furnaces, cupolas, calcium carbide melting furnaces, etc. where coke or semi-coke is required.
  • the invention is also particularly suitable for such metal smelting processes or such chemical processes, namely a respiratory shell, a semi-breathing shell, an open shell cladding as a flux for the entire process or a part of the overall process, a core molding in the respiratory shell Reductive reactions or chemical reactions in a certain temperature range and a certain process time Isolating or at least semi-isolated to the gas in the atmosphere of the smelting furnace or the heating furnace or other substances other than the encapsulating material in the smelting furnace or the heating furnace, and often the smelting furnace requires the core molding to carry out the reduction reaction or The flammable gas or other gas generated after the chemical reaction passes through the pores in the cladding into the smelting furnace as a process participant required for the fuel or process, and at the same time, the core forming material reduces the reaction product or the chemical reaction product, and The encrusted material and other substances in the smelting furnace are also necessary process participants.
  • the crust shell material and its hemi-respiratory shell, open shell and other substances in the melting furnace are hardly directly involved in the reduction or chemical reaction process or only act as catalysts.
  • the substance only occupies a small or small proportion in the reduction reaction process or the chemical reaction process.
  • the reduction reaction process or the chemical reaction process in the core molding requires a respiratory shell, a semi-breathing shell, and an open shell.
  • the cladding transfers the heat in the smelting furnace through the cladding into the core molding as a reduction reaction or chemical reaction All or a substantial portion of heat is required, the process control device to select the appropriate combination may be realized from the ratio of the smoke evacuation system of the furnace and the combustible gas is low, and the discharged flue gas temperature is lower.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a smelting reduction ironmaking apparatus of an electric arc furnace according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an exhaust system of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the distribution of the furnace cover and the electrode of the electric arc furnace of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of a device for smelting reduction ironmaking in a submerged arc arc furnace
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a device for melting and reducing ironmaking in a converter
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of a device for smelting reduction ironmaking in an induction furnace
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of a device for producing calcium carbide in a submerged arc arc furnace.
  • the smelting reduction ironmaking device is an electric arc furnace, and the raw material is a respiratory shell.
  • the electric arc furnace smelting reduction iron making device of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1, and comprises a furnace body 2, a furnace cover 3, a feeding device and a discharging device, and a molten iron/steel water outlet 9 is arranged at the lower portion of the furnace body 2.
  • the bottom of the electric arc furnace is provided with a gas inlet 16 which is connected to the gas line 10.
  • the furnace cover 3 has three electrode insertion holes respectively inserted into the electrodes 1, and the three electrode insertion holes are distributed in a triangle shape.
  • a pair of heating furnaces 5a, 5b and a pair of heat accumulators 6a, 6b outside the furnace body 2, and two heating furnaces are mounted on both sides of the furnace body 2.
  • the heating furnace is connected to the furnace body 2 of the electric arc furnace through a connection port, and the gas in the connection port can flow back and forth.
  • One end of the heat accumulators 6a, 6b is connected to the heating furnace, and the other end is connected to the blower 4, the gas treatment device, and the discharge system, respectively.
  • the gas processing device includes a circulating gas booster, a gas cooling and purifying device, a gas storage tank, and the like, and the gas processing device may or may not be used.
  • the electric arc furnace smelting reduction iron making apparatus is further provided with two or more slag cooling devices 18 and two or more pig iron or continuous casting billets or rolled material cooling devices 19.
  • the exhaust system includes a cyclone 12, a baghouse 13, an induced draft fan 14, and a chimney 15.
  • the furnace is provided with a combustion air line and a fuel line.
  • the outlet of the blower 4 is divided into four paths, which are respectively connected to two heating furnaces and two heat accumulators, each of which is provided with a wide door.
  • a valve is also provided on the fuel line connected to the heating furnace and the exhaust gas discharge line connected to the heat accumulator.
  • the two heating furnaces alternately burn the fuel and the evolved gas, and the two regenerators alternately store heat and release heat.
  • the evolved gas is a gas generated during the reduction of iron oxide, which contains a large amount of CO and H 2 .
  • the heat storage body 7 of the heat accumulator is a ceramic spherical body.
  • the furnace body and the furnace cover of the electric arc furnace are made of steel and are lined with a refractory material.
  • the furnace body 2 and the furnace cover 3, and the electrode 1 and the furnace cover 3 are sealed by a water-cooling sleeve.
  • a respiratory shell An oxide of iron such as Fe 2 O 3 or Fe 3 O 4 is mixed with pulverized coal, and an appropriate amount of water is added to prepare a pellet, which is a core molded product. Using limestone powder and other specific materials as raw materials, using a specific raw material such as silica sol as a binder, wrapped in the outer layer of the core molding, forming The coated pellet is the respiratory shell.
  • a specific raw material such as silica sol as a binder
  • Heating by means of external heating causes the core molding in the breathing chamber to be reduced at a certain temperature or a certain temperature of 300 to 1800 ° C, and the evolved gas is continuously released in the process.
  • the raw material is placed in the furnace body 2 of the electric arc furnace, and the heating furnace 5b is started, the regenerator 7 is heated, and then the valve is passed to the discharge system.
  • the flue gas outlet of the heat accumulator 6b reaches the set temperature, the air is reversed, and the air enters the heating furnace 5b through the valve and the heat accumulator 6b, and the heat accumulator in the regenerator releases heat to heat the combustion air.
  • the generated flue gas enters the electric arc furnace body 2 through the connection port, heats the respiratory shell molding in the electric arc furnace, and performs a reduction reaction, and the generated evolved gas enters the heating furnace 5a together with the flue gas, and passes through the heating furnace 5a.
  • the appropriate flow of air from the valve is mixed and burned, and the flue gas enters the heat accumulator 6a to transfer the heat to the heat accumulator 7 through the valve to the exhaust system.
  • the flue gas outlet of the regenerator 6b reaches the set temperature, the combustion is performed, and the combustion air enters the regenerator 6a to preheat the combustion air, and then enters the heating furnace 5a, and mixes with the fuel that has entered through the valve to be combusted.
  • the flue gas and the evolved gas enter the electric arc furnace body 2 through the connection port on the right side, enter the heating furnace 5b through the left connection port, mix with the appropriate flow of air passing through the valve in the heating furnace 5b, and then burn, then the flue gas
  • the heat accumulator 6b is introduced, and the heat is transferred to the heat accumulator and then passed through the valve to the exhaust system.
  • the reversing operation of the two heating furnaces 5a, 5b and the two regenerators 6a, 6b is controlled by setting the regenerator flue gas outlet temperature, and the airflow direction is automatically switched when the regenerator outlet flue gas reaches the set temperature.
  • the heating furnace on this side is changed from combustion gas to combustion fuel. The entire process is automatically controlled, and the reversing operation is realized by switching each valve.
  • the slag cooling device 18 and the pig iron or continuous casting blank or the rolling material cooling device 19 can be used as the air preheating device at the start of heating, and the preheated air is heated as a heat carrier or a combustion gas and a breathing shell in the melting furnace. The separated gas is mixed and burned to heat the respiratory shell, and the heat storage body is heated.
  • the operation process of the electric arc furnace smelting reduction ironmaking device is to first utilize the breathing through the above process
  • Combustible gas such as CO, H 2 , hydrocarbons, etc.
  • CO, H 2 , hydrocarbons, etc. which is precipitated in the shell, semi-breathable shell or open shell material, provides almost all or a considerable part of the heat required for heating, and heats the material in the melting furnace to 300 ⁇ 1800°.
  • a suitable temperature of one or a group of C, the oxide of iron in the material is reduced to metallic iron.
  • the electrode is arc-heated.
  • the arc heating by the electrode may be intermittent operation according to the furnace condition, the intermittent time may be from 0 to 100% reduction and smelting time, the process of introducing oxygen or argon from the top or the bottom, according to the melting Or the condition of semi-molten molten iron or direct reduction of molten steel is selected to pass or not to pass or to selectively pass one of the gases.
  • the whole process can be selected, the molten iron or the direct reduced molten steel is all made into a liquid state, almost all of the steel is discharged, and then the material is re-smelted, and the partially molten molten iron or the directly reduced molten steel can be discharged from the furnace body, and the furnace remains.
  • the electrode is used in the smelting furnace for arc reduction melting heating or the combustion air or the oxygen-containing gas is heated by the fuel reduction and melting, and may be carried out separately or simultaneously.
  • the ratio of the height to the diameter of the furnace body 2 can be selected as a fine high or a short thick type depending on the material condition and the furnace condition, and the specific height and diameter are determined according to factors such as furnace condition, material properties, production volume and the like.
  • the number of heat accumulators around the furnace body 2 can also be selected one or more pairs.
  • the heat storage body in the heat accumulator can be made of high temperature resistant refractory balls, refractory bricks, honeycomb or other shapes of refractory heat storage bodies, and heat storage.
  • the body may be partially or fully coated with suitable high temperature resistant metal products and high temperature resistant non-metal products, such as carbonaceous materials.
  • the slag cooler 18 is filled with separable slag, and the pig iron or slab or rolled material cooler 19 is filled with pig iron or slab or rolled material (if appropriate products or by-products are present), most of the time
  • the air not shown in Figure 1 is connected to the air line
  • other oxygen-containing gas or gas treatment unit is rich in CO, or C0 2 components.
  • the gas After the gas is properly cooled by the slag or pig iron or continuous casting billet or rolled material, the gas is heated and then passed into the melting furnace as a heat carrier or a combustion-supporting gas. Row heating, slag cooler 18 and pig iron or continuous casting billet or rolled material cooler 19 may be selected as appropriate. After the flue gas discharged from the pipeline is purified to remove harmful substances such as sulfur, the gas rich in C0 2 and N 2 is used for intensive agriculture.
  • the smelting reduction ironmaking device is a submerged arc electric arc furnace, and the raw material is a semi-respiratory shell.
  • the submerged arc electric arc furnace smelting reduction iron making device is as shown in Fig. 4, including the furnace body 2, the furnace cover 3, the electrode 1 and the supporting heating furnaces 5a, 5b, the heat accumulators 5a, 5b, the gas processing device 8, and the bottom of the electric arc furnace
  • a gas inlet 16 is provided which is connected to the gas line 10.
  • the gas treatment device includes a circulation gas booster, a gas cooling purification device, a gas storage tank, and the like, and the gas treatment device may or may not be used.
  • the smelting reduction ironmaking apparatus is further provided with two or more slag cooling devices 18 and two or more pig iron or continuous casting or rolling material cooling devices 19.
  • the heat of the slag or the slab or the rolled material is introduced into the furnace body 2 through the heating furnaces 5a, 5b by the circulation of the evolved gas.
  • the submerged arc arc furnace smelting reduction ironmaking apparatus of the present embodiment differs from the electric arc furnace smelting reduction ironmaking apparatus of the first embodiment in that the electrode of the present embodiment is directly inserted into the lower portion of the smelting material for submerged arc operation.
  • a semi-respiratory shell An oxide of iron such as Fe 2 O 3 or Fe 3 O 4 is mixed with pulverized coal, and an appropriate amount of water is added to prepare a pellet, which is a core molded product. Lime powder, iron ore powder and other specific materials are used as raw materials, and specific raw materials such as water glass are used as binders, and the outer layer of the core molding is a semi-respiratory shell.
  • the difference between the semi-breathing shell and the respiratory shell is that the outer shell of the semi-breathing shell is relatively soft, not resistant to high temperatures above 1000 ° C, and the outer shell is broken during the smelting reduction process.
  • Heating is carried out by means of external heating, and the material in the melting furnace is heated to a certain temperature or a certain temperature of 300 to 1800 ° C to be reduced, and the evolved gas is continuously released in the process.
  • the reduced semi-respiratory shell is broken during the smelting process, and the broken shell material can be used as flux and slag forming agent, which is also beneficial to improve the quality of the reduced product and slag iron.
  • the heat accumulators 6a and 6b store heat and adopt a method of replacing the directions.
  • the oxygen-containing gas is burned in the heating furnace 5b and the melting furnace through the heat accumulator 6b, and the precipitating gas continuously discharged from the semi-breathing shell material is also burned, and the gas such as flue gas and unburned used gas enters the opposite side.
  • an oxygen-containing gas of a suitable flow rate is selected and combusted with combustibles in the precipitated gas, and the regenerator 7 in the regenerator 6a is heated to store heat, and the cooled flue gas is discharged through the discharge system. Only a small portion of the flammable gas is emitted and has a lower temperature. Thereafter, the oxygen-containing gas enters the heating furnace 5a via the heat accumulator 6a, is burned with the fuel in the heating furnace, and heats the material of the melting furnace, and the generated flue gas enters the heating furnace 5b together with the evolved gas, and is contained in a suitable flow rate.
  • the oxygen gas is mixed and burned, and the heat storage body 7 of the heat accumulator 6b is heated to store heat, and the cooled flue gas enters the gas discharge system.
  • Combustible gas such as CO, H 2 , hydrocarbons, etc.
  • Combustible gas such as CO, H 2 , hydrocarbons, etc.
  • the respiratory shell, semi-breathable shell or open shell material provides almost all or a considerable part of the heat required for heating, and heats the material in the melting furnace to 300 ⁇ 1800
  • the oxide of iron in the material is reduced to metallic iron.
  • the electrode is arc-heated.
  • the shell material is crushed during the smelting process, and the crushed shell material can be used as a flux and slag forming agent, which is beneficial to improve the reducing product.
  • the slag of molten iron or directly reduced steel water may be poured out from the top of the furnace, and then molten or argon is directly blown by molten steel or molten iron.
  • the electric heating process of the submerged arc can be carried out intermittently according to the specific conditions of the whole process.
  • the intermittent time can be from 0 to 100% reduction and smelting time, and the process of introducing oxygen and argon from the top or bottom is based on
  • the condition of molten or semi-molten molten iron or molten steel is selected to pass or not Or choose to pass one of the gases.
  • the whole process can be selected.
  • the molten iron or the direct reduced molten steel is all liquid, and all of the molten steel is discharged from the furnace body.
  • the partially molten molten iron or the directly reduced molten steel can also be discharged out of the furnace body, and the incompletely molten material remains in the furnace to continue heating.
  • the feed is selected using an appropriate feeding method.
  • the electrode is used in the melting furnace for arc reduction melting heating and the combustion air or the oxygen-containing gas is heated by the fuel reduction and melting, and may be carried out separately or simultaneously.
  • an argon blowing technique is employed after pouring the slag in the smelting furnace.
  • Argon blowing has a similar effect to vacuum treatment, namely deoxidation, decarburization, degassing, stirring of molten steel and removal of impurities, etc.
  • the argon used can be a by-product of the oxygen industry.
  • the other gases contained in pure argon are very low, and argon is blown into the molten steel, neither participating in the chemical reaction nor in the molten steel.
  • the ratio of the height to the diameter of the furnace body 2 can be selected as a fine high or short coarse depending on the material condition and the furnace condition, and the specific height and diameter are determined according to factors such as furnace condition, material properties, production volume and the like.
  • the number of heat accumulators around the furnace body 2 can also be selected one or more pairs.
  • the heat storage body in the heat accumulator can be made of high temperature resistant refractory balls, refractory bricks, honeycomb or other shapes of refractory heat storage bodies, and heat storage.
  • the body may be partially or fully coated with suitable high temperature resistant metal products and high temperature resistant non-metal products, such as carbonaceous materials.
  • the slag cooler 18 is filled with separable slag
  • the pig iron or slab or rolled material cooler 19 is filled with pig iron or slab or rolled material (if appropriate products or by-products are present), most of the time
  • air not shown in Figure 4
  • other oxygen-containing gas or gas treatment unit is rich in CO, or CO 2 components.
  • the gas is heated and then passed into a melting furnace to heat the material as a heat carrier or a combustion-supporting gas, the slag cooler 18 and the pig iron or continuous casting.
  • the billet or rolled material cooler 19 can be specific The situation is not used. After the flue gas discharged from the pipeline is purified to remove harmful substances such as sulfur, the gas rich in CO 2 and N 2 is used for intensive agriculture.
  • the smelting reduction ironmaking device is a converter, and the raw material is an open shell.
  • the converter smelting reduction ironmaking apparatus is as shown in Fig. 5, and includes a furnace body 2, a furnace cover 3, an electrode and associated heating furnaces 5a, 5b, heat accumulators 6a, 6b and a gas treatment device 8.
  • the converter cover is provided with a gas inlet 16 and a desulfurizing agent feed port 1 1, and the gas inlet 16 is connected to the gas line 10.
  • the converter smelting reduction ironmaking apparatus is further provided with two or more slag cooling devices 18 and two or more pig iron or continuous casting billets or rolled material cooling devices 19 .
  • the heat of the slag or the slab or the rolled material is introduced into the furnace body 2 through the heating furnaces 5a, 5b by the circulation of the evolved gas.
  • the open shell is a carbonaceous pellet shaped body incorporating lime or limestone powder without an outer shell.
  • Heating is carried out by means of external heating, and the material in the melting furnace is heated to a suitable temperature of 300 to 1800 ° C to be reduced, and the evolved gas is continuously released during this process.
  • the starting electrode is subjected to arc heating, and is heated to be melted by an electric arc.
  • high-purity oxygen is used to be inserted into the furnace from the upper port, and oxygen is blown to the molten pool at a high speed.
  • the high-speed oxygen jet directly impacts the molten pool.
  • the molten pool is strongly stirred.
  • the jet and the molten pool are strongly broken each other, causing the contact area of the heterophase to increase sharply.
  • Converter steelmaking is carried out in a converter. Initially, the converter is level, then oxygen is bubbled into the liquid pig iron and the converter is turned. At this time, the surface of the liquid pig iron reacts violently, and iron, silicon, and manganese are oxidized to form slag, and the convection of the molten steel and the slag is utilized to cause the reaction to spread throughout the furnace. When only a small amount of silicon and manganese remain in the molten steel, the carbon begins to oxidize, and carbon monoxide is formed to cause the molten steel to boil vigorously.
  • the furnace mouth appears a huge flame due to the combustion of the escaping carbon monoxide.
  • phosphorus also oxidizes and further produces ferrous phosphate.
  • the ferrous phosphate is then reacted with quicklime to form stable calcium phosphate and calcium sulfide, which together become slag.
  • brown steam of triiron tetroxide appears at the mouth of the furnace, indicating that the steel has been refined.
  • the oxygen should be stopped immediately, and the converter should be turned to the horizontal position, the molten steel should be poured into the ladle, and deoxidizer should be added for deoxidation. It is also possible to choose a form in which oxygen is blown from the bottom of the furnace.
  • the present invention uses an oxygen top-blown converter, and does not exclude a side-blown converter or a bottom-blown converter.
  • the oxygen blown in is high-pressure industrial pure oxygen, which can further improve production efficiency and steel quality.
  • This is a steelmaking method that does not require an external heating source and mainly uses liquid pig iron as a raw material.
  • the main characteristics of converter steelmaking are: the physical heat generated by liquid pig iron in the converter and the heat generated by the chemical reaction between the components in the pig iron (such as carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, etc.) and the oxygen fed into the furnace, so that the metal reaches The composition and temperature required for tapping.
  • the charge is mainly open, and a small amount of breathing shell, half-breathing shell, or a certain size of coal can be added.
  • the converter is divided into basic and acidic according to the refractory property of the lining; the bottom blowing, the top blowing and the side blowing according to the part of the gas blowing into the furnace; the gas used for the blowing is divided into an air converter and an oxygen converter, the invention It is an oxygen converter.
  • the present invention uses an open shell as a raw material, and the furnace body used is an alkali converter.
  • the converter can be blown from the bottom by nozzle or permeable brick, which can obviously improve the stirring force of the molten pool, and has the advantages of bottom blowing and top blowing.
  • the main advantage of the converter steelmaking method is that it does not rely on the external energy source, and only performs the task of decarburization and impurity removal by the exothermic oxidation reaction of oxygen blown into the molten pool and various elements in the molten iron water.
  • the molten steel is heated to a tapping temperature of 1600 ° C or higher.
  • a small amount of excess dissolved oxygen is present in the molten steel, generally 0.01 to 0.08%. Its content mainly depends on the carbon content of the end steel. Refining qualified steel must Deoxidation is required. Deoxidation is to add the element with high affinity to oxygen and its alloy as a deoxidizer to the molten steel. The deoxidation product is insoluble in the molten steel and precipitates out of the molten steel. The oxygen content in the steel is reduced to the specified limit. .
  • the process of heating by the fuel is used to burn the oxygen-containing gas through the heat accumulator 6b and the fuel in the heating furnace 5b and the melting furnace, and the evolved gas continuously discharged from the open shell material is also burned.
  • a gas such as a gas and a pre-exhausted gas is introduced into the opposite heating furnace 5a, and an oxygen-containing gas having an appropriate flow rate is selected and combusted with the combustible gas to be combusted, and the heat storage body 7 in the heat accumulator 6a is heated to be stored.
  • the hot, cooled flue gas enters the exhaust system. Only a small portion of the flammable gas is emitted and has a lower temperature.
  • the oxygen-containing gas enters the heating furnace 5a via the heat accumulator 6a, is combusted with the fuel in the heating furnace, and heats the material of the melting furnace, and the generated flue gas enters the heating furnace 5b together with the evolved gas, and is contained in a suitable flow rate.
  • the oxygen gas is mixed and burned, and the heat storage body 7 of the heat accumulator 6b is heated to store heat, and the cooled flue gas enters the cyclone 12, the bag filter 13 is discharged from the chimney 15, and the discharged flue gas is also the same.
  • the oxygen-containing gas entering the furnace is always a high-temperature gas, improving the thermal efficiency of the system.
  • Combustible gas such as CO, H 2 , hydrocarbons, etc., which are precipitated in the respiratory shell, semi-breathable shell or open shell material, provides almost all or a considerable part of the heat required for heating, and heats the material in the melting furnace to 300 ⁇ 1800
  • the oxide of iron in the material is reduced to metallic iron.
  • the electrode is arc-heated.
  • the converter steelmaking does not require additional use of fuel, and produces direct reduction of molten steel or molten steel which is more pure than direct reduction of molten steel.
  • the arc heating by using the electrode may be intermittent operation according to the furnace condition, and the intermittent time may be from 0 ⁇ 100% reduction and smelting time, the process of introducing oxygen or argon from the top or bottom is based on the condition of molten or semi-molten molten iron or direct reduction of molten steel. It is selected to pass or not to pass or select one of the gases. . The whole process can be selected.
  • the molten iron or the direct reduced molten steel is all liquid, and all of the molten steel is discharged from the furnace body.
  • the partially molten molten iron or the directly reduced molten steel can also be discharged out of the furnace body, and the incompletely molten material remains in the furnace to continue heating.
  • the feed is selected using an appropriate feeding method.
  • the electrode is used in the melting furnace for arc reduction melting heating and the combustion air or the oxygen-containing gas is heated by the fuel reduction and melting, and may be carried out separately or simultaneously.
  • the ratio of the height of the furnace body to the diameter of the furnace body 2 can be selected as a fine high type or a short thick type according to the material condition and the furnace condition, and the specific height and diameter are determined according to factors such as furnace condition, material properties, production volume and the like.
  • the number of heat accumulators around the furnace body 2 can also be selected one or more pairs.
  • the heat storage body in the heat accumulator can be made of high temperature resistant refractory balls, refractory bricks, honeycomb or other shapes of refractory heat storage bodies, and heat storage.
  • the body may be partially or fully coated with suitable high temperature resistant metal products and high temperature resistant non-metal products, such as carbonaceous materials.
  • the slag cooler 18 is filled with separable slag
  • the pig iron or slab or rolled material cooler 19 is filled with pig iron or slab or rolled material (if appropriate products or by-products are present), most of the time
  • air not shown in Figure 5
  • other oxygen-containing gas or gas treatment unit is rich in CO, or CO 2 components.
  • the gas is heated and then passed into a melting furnace as a heat carrier or a combustion-supporting gas to heat the material, the slag cooler 18 and the pig iron or continuous casting.
  • the blank or rolled material cooler 19 can be selected as needed.
  • the flue gas discharged from the pipeline is purified to remove harmful substances such as sulfur, the gas rich in CO 2 and N 2 is used for intensive agriculture.
  • the smelting reduction ironmaking device is an induction furnace, and the raw material is a mixture of a respiratory shell, a semi-breathing shell and an open shell.
  • the induction furnace smelting reduction ironmaking device is as shown in FIG. 6, and comprises a furnace body 2, a furnace cover 3, an induction coil 17 and associated power supply equipment and heating furnaces 5a, 5b, heat accumulators 6a, 6b and a gas treatment device. 8.
  • a gas inlet 16 is provided in the furnace cover 3 and/or the bottom of the furnace, and a desulfurizing agent feed port 11 is provided on the furnace cover 3.
  • the induction furnace smelting reduction ironmaking device There are also two or more slag cooling devices 18 and two or more pig iron or slab or rolled material cooling devices 19. The heat of the slag or the slab or the rolled material is introduced into the furnace body 2 through the heating furnaces 5a, 5b by the circulation of the evolved gas.
  • a respiratory shell, a semi-breathing shell, and an open shell were prepared according to the steps (1) of Examples 1, 2, and 3, respectively, wherein the open shell was doped with 5% of limestone powder. And some other specific substances.
  • the material in the melting furnace is heated to a certain temperature or a certain set of temperatures of 300 to 1800 ° C to be reduced, and the process continuously releases the evolved gas.
  • the power source is turned on to start the induction furnace, and the electromagnetic induction heating is used to melt the material in the melting furnace.
  • Induction furnace steelmaking is a steelmaking method that uses an inductive electrothermal effect to heat and melt metal. It is especially suitable for smelting high quality steels and alloys with high quality raw materials.
  • Vacuum induction furnaces equipped with a vacuum system are important equipment for smelting high-quality alloys.
  • the characteristics of induction furnace steelmaking are: 1 heat first reaches the molten metal pool, and then conduction to the molten slag, so the slag temperature is lower; 2 the molten pool is subjected to strong electromagnetic stirring. The lower the power frequency, the higher the power, the stronger the stirring, which is the main factor limiting the maximum specific power.
  • the induction furnace is a melt groove structure, and its working principle is similar to that of a transformer.
  • the primary winding of the molten-flute induction furnace is equipped with a core to reduce magnetic flux leakage and improve the power factor.
  • the secondary winding is a molten metal-filled molten groove.
  • the energy conversion in the molten ditch is transferred to the molten pool, and the heat load of the molten ditch is high. Desulfurization and deoxidation are carried out simultaneously due to the requirements of the induction furnace process operation. Induction furnaces with very low power factor loads are generally not decarburized or dephosphorized, so good materials must be used and capacitors used to increase the power factor.
  • the breathing shell, the semi-breathing shell and the open shell are mixed and placed in an induction furnace, and the heat accumulators 6a, 6b are used to store heat, and the oxygen-containing gas is passed through the heat accumulator 6b.
  • the fuel is burned in the heating furnace 5b and the melting furnace, and the evolved gas which continuously discharges the cladding from the breathing shell, the semi-breathing shell or the open shell material is also burned, and the gas such as the flue gas and the unburned used gas enters the opposite heating furnace.
  • an oxygen-containing gas of a suitable flow rate is mixed with combustibles in the evolved gas and combusted, and the heat storage body 7 in the heat accumulator 6a is heated to store heat, and the cooled flue gas is passed through the cyclone 12 to be dedusted.
  • the discharger 13 is discharged through the chimney 15, and only a small portion of the exhaust gas is discharged, and has a lower temperature.
  • the oxygen-containing gas enters the heating furnace 5a via the heat accumulator 6a, is combusted with the fuel in the heating furnace, and heats the material of the melting furnace, and the generated flue gas enters the heating furnace 5b together with the evolved gas, and is contained in a suitable flow rate.
  • the oxygen gas is mixed and burned, and the heat storage body 7 of the heat accumulator 6b is heated to store heat, and the cooled flue gas enters the cyclone 12, the bag filter 13 is discharged from the chimney 15, and the discharged flue gas is also the same.
  • the oxygen-containing gas entering the furnace is always a high-temperature gas, improving the thermal efficiency of the system.
  • Combustible gas such as CO, H 2 , hydrocarbons, etc., which are precipitated in the respiratory shell, semi-breathable shell or open shell material, provides almost all or a considerable part of the heat required for heating, and heats the material in the melting furnace to 300 ⁇ 1800 At a suitable temperature of °C or a certain group, the oxide of iron in the material is reduced to metallic iron.
  • the power source is turned on to drive the induction furnace, and the utilization is performed.
  • Hot metal after pouring out the slag, it can be smelted with argon or oxygen to produce pure molten steel or pure molten iron.
  • the arc heating by the electrode may be intermittent operation according to the furnace condition, the intermittent time may be from 0 to 100% reduction and smelting time, and the process of introducing oxygen or argon from the top or the bottom is based on
  • the condition of molten or semi-molten molten iron or direct reduction of molten steel is selected to pass or not to pass or to selectively pass one of the gases.
  • the whole process can be selected.
  • the molten iron or the direct reduced molten steel is all liquid, and all of the molten steel is discharged from the furnace body.
  • the partially molten molten iron or the directly reduced molten steel can also be discharged out of the furnace body, and the incompletely molten material remains in the furnace to continue heating.
  • the feed is selected using an appropriate feeding method.
  • the smelting furnace adopts electromagnetic induction reduction melting heating and the introduction of combustion air or oxygen-containing gas by fuel reduction and melting.
  • the heat can be carried out separately or simultaneously.
  • the ratio of the height of the furnace body to the diameter of the furnace body 2 can be selected as a fine high type or a short thick type according to the material condition and the furnace condition, and the specific height and diameter are determined according to factors such as furnace condition, material properties, production volume and the like.
  • the number of heat accumulators around the furnace body 2 can also be selected one or more pairs.
  • the heat storage body in the heat accumulator can be made of high temperature resistant refractory balls, refractory bricks, honeycomb or other shapes of refractory heat storage bodies, and heat storage.
  • the body may be partially or fully coated with suitable high temperature resistant metal products and high temperature resistant non-metal products, such as carbonaceous materials.
  • the slag cooler 18 is filled with separable slag, and the pig iron or slab or rolled material cooler 19 is filled with pig iron or slab or rolled material (if appropriate products or by-products are present), most of the time
  • the air is supplied (the air line associated with it is not shown in Figure 6) or the other oxygen-containing gas or gas treatment device is rich in CO, H 2 or CO 2 , etc.
  • the gas of the component is properly cooled by the slag or pig iron or the continuous casting billet or the rolled material
  • the gas is heated and then introduced into the melting furnace as a heat carrier or a combustion-supporting gas to heat the material, the slag cooler 18 and the pig iron or
  • the continuous casting billet or rolled material cooler 19 can be selected as needed.
  • the flue gas discharged from the pipeline is purified to remove harmful substances such as sulfur, the gas rich in CO 2 and N 2 is used for intensive agriculture.
  • the smelting reduction ironmaking device is a submerged arc electric arc furnace, and the raw material is a breathing shell to produce calcium carbide.
  • the device for producing calcium carbide in the submerged arc electric arc furnace is as shown in FIG. 7, and includes a furnace body 2, a furnace cover 3, an electrode 1 and associated heating furnaces 5a, 5b, heat accumulators 6a, 6b, a gas processing device 8, and a furnace body.
  • the bottom of 2 has a calcium carbide outlet 21 .
  • the gas processing device may or may not be used.
  • the gas processing device includes a circulating gas booster, a gas cooling and purifying device, a gas storage tank, and the like; the connection between the heating furnace and the furnace body 2 may be one point connection or multiple points. Connection, the connection angle with the furnace body is selected according to the nature of the material and the furnace condition.
  • the core molding of the respiratory shell is a non-coated molding such as pulverized coal, coke powder, blue carbon, petroleum coke, or the like, or a carbonaceous material or a mixture thereof, which is rolled or pressed into pellets. It can also be molded into other shapes.
  • the carbon content inside the molded product can be the same or different. It is allowed to add other substances such as calcium oxide or calcium carbonate powder mixed in a certain size.
  • the composition and strength of the shape are more suitable; the outer shell of the respiratory shell is made of a substance such as limestone, dolomite or a mixture thereof, or a substance containing carbonaceous materials such as carbon black, graphite or the like may be incorporated therein.
  • the method of encapsulating may be a rolling ball cladding, a pressure ball cladding, or a dust coating or a dipping package.
  • the shell does not necessarily have the function of adding other materials to the cladding as a skeleton, and does not necessarily require manual perforation on the cladding to enhance the gas permeability, the area of the individual pores and its distribution on the cladding.
  • the quantity is determined by the nature of the respirator and the ratio of the substance, allowing the encapsulation to be carried out at a temperature suitable for the drying process.
  • the calcium carbide flows out from the calcium carbide outlet 21 and enters the calcium carbide cooling cylinder through the flow tank where it is cooled and broken.
  • the fuel used in the heating furnaces 5a, 5b can also be heated or calcined by using a gaseous fuel or a liquid fuel or a solid fuel, or a combination of the above fuels.
  • the heat accumulators 6a and 6b store heat, and the oxygen-containing gas is burned in the heating furnace 5b and the melting furnace through the heat accumulator 6b, and the gas such as flue gas and unburned used gas enters the opposite side.
  • an oxygen-containing gas of a suitable flow rate is selected and combusted with combustibles in the precipitated gas, and the regenerator 7 in the regenerator 6a is heated to store heat, and the cooled flue gas passes through the cyclone 12
  • the bag filter 13 is discharged through the chimney 15 and emits only a small portion of the combustible gas and has a relatively low temperature.
  • the oxygen-containing gas enters the heating furnace 5a via the heat accumulator 6a, is combusted with the fuel in the heating furnace, and heats the material of the melting furnace, and the generated flue gas enters the heating furnace 5b together with the evolved gas, and is contained in a suitable flow rate.
  • the oxygen gas is mixed and burned, and the heat storage body 7 of the heat accumulator 6b is heated to store heat, and the cooled flue gas enters the cyclone 12, the bag filter 13 is discharged, and is discharged from the chimney 15 There is also a small portion of the combustible gas component in the exhausted flue gas, and the temperature at which the flue gas is discharged is low. Circulating in sequence, the oxygen-containing gas entering the furnace is always a high-temperature gas, improving the thermal efficiency of the system.
  • Combustible gas such as CO, H 2 , hydrocarbons, etc.
  • Combustible gas which are precipitated in the respiratory shell, semi-breathable shell or open shell material, provides almost all or a considerable part of the heat required for heating, and heats the material in the melting furnace to 300 ⁇ 1800 °C or a certain group of suitable temperature, and the material in the breathing shell can be solid, liquid or semi-molten, and then use the electrode for arc heating to produce calcium carbide, so that the material in the electric arc furnace is heated to 1800 ⁇ 2300 °C One or a group of suitable temperatures.
  • the electric arc furnace is used for arc heating or the combustion air or the oxygen-containing gas is heated by the fuel, and may be carried out separately or simultaneously.
  • the ratio of the height of the furnace body to the diameter of the furnace body 2 can be selected as a fine high type or a short thick type according to the material condition and the furnace condition, and the specific height and diameter are determined according to factors such as furnace condition, material properties, production volume and the like.
  • the number of regenerators around the furnace body 2 can also be selected one or more pairs.
  • the regenerator in the regenerator can be made of high temperature resistant refractory balls, refractory bricks, honeycomb or other shapes of refractory regenerator refractories.
  • the heat storage body may adopt some or all of the suitable high temperature resistant metal products and high temperature resistant non-metal products, such as carbonaceous materials.
  • the flue gas or the calcium carbide furnace gas generated by the reaction of the calcium carbide can also be stored after being purified by the gas treatment device 8 (if there is a gas treatment device), and used for the heating furnaces 5a, 5b for the respiratory shell in the electric arc furnace to produce the calcium carbide device.
  • the calcium carbide flows out of the calcium carbide outlet 21 and enters the cooling cylinder 20 through the flow chute where it is cooled and broken.
  • the calcium carbide liquid in the cooling cylinder 20 may be doped with a certain amount of pore-forming agent that does not affect the performance of the calcium carbide so that the cooling medium or the cooling air passes through or may not be added, in most cases, when the material is just added in the melting furnace.
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen
  • a gas rich in CO, H 2 , CO 2 and other components in air or other oxygen-containing gas or gas treatment device to properly cool the calcium carbide, after heating the gas It is used in the smelting furnace and can be used for heat carrier heating.
  • the heating gas of the cooling cylinder 20 can also be selected according to the specific situation.
  • the air introduction pipeline is not shown in the figure. After the flue gas discharged from the pipeline is purified to remove harmful substances such as sulfur, the gas rich in CO 2 and N 2 is used for intensive agriculture.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Description

熔融还原炼铁的方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及熔融还原炼铁的方法和装置， 具体来说， 涉及以天然矿 块或人造铁矿块为原料， 用带有蓄热器的熔融还原装置生产直接还原钢 水和类似高炉生产的铁水的方法和装置。 背景技术
熔融还原炼铁是当前钢铁生产的重要组成部分， 其主要特点是用非 焦煤作为一次性能源和还原剂， 将氧化铁在熔融状态下还原， 具有以煤 代焦、 流程短、 对环境污染小， 建设投资少， 生产成本低等优点， 是被 业内广泛看好的领域。 各国的钢铁企业竞相进行研究开发。 现有的熔融 还原炼铁 的 方法主要有 COREX法 （ CN1010323B ) 、 DIOS法 ( CN1035136A ) 、 HISELT法 （CN1037542A) 。 其中 COREX法已经工业 化生产， 其它两种方法仍处于试验阶段。 COREX法的主要特点是氧化铁 球团或矿块作原料， 采用预还原和终还原二步法， 预还原在竖炉中进行， 终还原在熔融气化炉中完成。 COREX法虽然取得了突破性的成功， 但仍 有其不足， 如生产率低， 煤耗、 氧耗高， 设备投资大， 流程复杂等， 与 现有先进的高炉炼铁相比， 仍缺乏竞争力。
本申请人在专利号为 200810079321.X发明专利申请中披露了一种三 步法金属还原的方法， 该方法将金属氧化物与一定量的碳、 粘结剂、 CaO 和水制成成型物， 置入还原装置， 第一步是成型物在隔绝空气， 隔绝氧 气的状态下进行预还原； 第二步是收集第一步还原过程中产生的析出气 体， 并对析出气体进行冷却、 净化处理和加压； 第三步是终还原炉利用 析出气体作为还原剂或热载体， 使预还原炉出来的物料进一步还原， 并 且使用析出气体与被换热过的空气或富氧气体混合燃烧， 也可使析出气 体与纯氧混合在终还原炉内燃烧对还原炉产品进行加热， 实现终还原反 应并熔化， 除渣， 最终产生铁水或直接还原钢水。 本申请人在申请号为 200810079930.5的另一项发明专利申请中提供了一种电弧炉熔融还原炼 铁的方法和装置， 熔炼炉部分包括有炉体、 炉盖、 电极、 加料设备和出 料设备。 所述装置还包括至少一对加热炉和至少一对蓄热器； 加热炉通 过连接口与电弧炉的炉体连接； 蓄热器的一端与加热炉连接， 另一端分 别与排放系统、 风机和气体处理装置连接。 本发明充分利用熔融还原过 程产生的析出气体， 使析出气体燃烧加热物料和蓄热器中的蓄热体， 再 通过气体循环把热量从蓄热器带入炉体内， 使热量利用达到最佳化。 但 是上述技术方案还存在着还原过程中原料成型物易被氧化， 渣铁不易分 离等不足之处。 发明内容
为解决现有技术的不足， 本发明提供一种熔融还原炼铁的方法， 使 原料成型物在还原过程中不被氧化， 又不影响热量传递， 优化炼铁过程， 钢水和熔渣充分分离， 生产优质钢产品， 本发明的另一目的是提供实现 所述方法的熔融还原炼铁的装置。
本发明提供的电弧炉熔融还原炼铁的方法为， 将原料成型物置于电 弧炉中， 加热还原成金属铁， 原料中的各种铁的氧化物被还原金属化率 达到 40〜95%后， 对还原炉产品继续进行加热并熔化， 直接生产还原钢水 或类似高炉生产的铁水。 所述原料为呼吸壳或半呼吸壳或敞开壳， 或者 三者的混合。 呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳及敞开壳定义如下：
(1)呼吸壳： 所述呼吸壳主要由心部成型物和外包壳组成：
①心部成型物又分四类： i 、 不包衣成型物 Fe203、 Fe3O4等铁的氧 化物与煤粉、 焦粉等含碳物质混合后滚球或压制成球状或其它形状的成 型物， 成型物内部的含碳量可以相同也可以不同， 成型物中允许加入其 它物质如氧化钙或碳酸钙等物质， 使成型物成分和强度更适合； ϋ、 将 i中球状或其它形状成型物加含碳物质包衣， 含碳物质中允许加入其它 物质如氧化钙或碳酸钙等物质， 包衣可以滚球包衣、 压球包衣、 喷煤粉 包衣、 浸渍包衣， 也可以针对不同形状的成型物用其它方法将含碳物质 包衣在不包衣成型物上； iii、 成型物也可以是不含铁的物质或少含铁的 物质， 如含碳物质、 石灰、 石灰石等； iv、 心部成型物为不包衣成型物 如煤粉、 焦粉、 兰炭、 石油焦等或含碳物质或上述的物质混合后， 滚球 或压制成球状或其它形状的成型物， 成型物内部的含碳量可以相同也可 以不同， 成型物中允许加入其它物质如氧化钙或碳酸钙等物质， 使成型 物成分和强度更适合； 另外， 心部成型物的外形尺寸可根据心部成型物 物料性质、 熔炼炉炉况、 所要求的熔炼炉的气氛情况等可大可小， 可以 同一熔炼炉内有不同外型尺寸的心部成型物， 也可有不同物质组成的心 部成型物。
另外， 心部成型物的外形尺寸可根据心部成型物物料性质、 熔炼炉 炉况、 所要求的熔炼炉的气氛情况等可大可小， 同一熔炼炉内可以有不 同外型尺寸的心部成型物， 也可有不同物质组成的心部成型物。
②外包壳 它是由类似石灰石、 白云石、 石灰或电石等物质或它们 的混合物及其它一些物质如各类粘合剂如硅溶胶、 水玻璃、 磷酸、 氧化 铝等混合， 并且允许加入其它一些物质如金属、 金属氧化物、 含碳物质、 有机物及无机物等， 将这些物质以一定方式混合或结合， 将心部成型物 包裹其中， 包壳的方法可以是滚球包壳、 压球包壳， 还可以是喷粉包壳 或浸渍包壳， 允许并不一定采用在包壳中加入其它物质做骨架等功能， 及允许并不一定采用在包壳上人工穿孔以加强透气性， 单个孔的面积和 其在包壳上的分布形态和数量由呼吸壳的性质和物质配比决定。 包壳要 有一定低温强度或高温强度， 允许包壳后进行合适温度的烘干过程或烧 结过程。 外壳的厚度也要根据整个呼吸壳的物料性质及配比， 外壳组成 及外壳物质配比， 熔炼炉炉况等因素决定， 可厚可薄。 允许同一呼吸壳 中同一包壳的不同部分采用不同厚度不同物质组成的包壳， 置于同一熔 炼炉中的呼吸壳中的包壳可以采用不同厚度或不同物质组成的包壳。
当将呼吸壳放入各种熔炼炉中加热时， 熔炼炉中的气氛可根据各类 呼吸壳的特性进行选择， 既可以是氧化性气氛， 也可以是还原性气氛， 也可以是弱氧化性气氛。 呼吸壳在适合的温度下， 以主要是含碳酸钙的 呼吸壳为例， 其外壳中的碳酸钙分解出 co2排出， 呼吸壳外壳仍将熔炼炉 外部的热量传递进入心部成型物， 心部成型物中含碳及氧化铁等物质产 生还原反应， 并产生 CO、 C02、 H2、 烃类等气体， 这些气体也从外壳中 类似于碳酸钙分解出 CO2这样的形式留下的空隙中排出呼吸壳排入熔炼 炉中， 在一定的时间周期和温度区间内熔炼炉的气体进入心部成型物中 的数量可以根据呼吸壳外壳及心部成型物物质的配比及其物质的性质出 现几种情况， 一种是几乎没有熔炼炉中的气体进入呼吸壳中的心部成型 物中， 使心部成型物在没有外来气体干扰的情况下迸行还原； 一种是有 很少熔炼炉中的气体进入呼吸壳中的心部成型物， 从而参与了心部成型 物中进行的还原反应； 另一种是有很多熔炼炉中的气体进入呼吸壳中的 心部成型物， 从而较大程度参与了其中的还原反应。
呼吸壳的外壳会在从温度较低的区间加热到温度较高的区间的过程 中出现如下状态： ①呼吸壳的外壳可以保持到很高温度都具有完整形状， 可以使心部成型物完成了绝大部分还原反应时呼吸壳的外壳仍保持完 整， 甚至直到心部成型物熔融或半熔融状态， 或直接熔化成液态时呼吸 壳的外壳仍是有完整形态， 这时可利用电弧炉等熔炼炉对其进行加热， 使呼吸壳外壳作为熔剂进入液态金属中， 从而完成渣铁分离或渣钢分离， 产生直接还原钢水或类似高炉生产的铁水， 呼吸壳的外壳可以选择导电 好的物质掺入其中如与心部成型物金属氧化物相同的金属， 或其金属氧 化物和金属化合物， 便于随后的加热过程； ②呼吸壳的外壳不能保持很 长时间或很高温度或者为含碳物质， 即出现开裂、 点蚀从而形成半呼吸 壳， 使心部成型物中的一部分暴露在熔炼炉气氛中， 可以根据呼吸壳外 壳幵裂、 点蚀的程度选择熔炼炉气氛， 使还原过程及其后的熔化过程能 在合适的气氛中进行； ③呼吸壳外壳在低温加热到高温时， 几乎不能保 持壳的形状， 几乎不能将心部成型物与熔炼炉气氛进行有效隔离即形成 敞开壳， 这时熔炼炉气氛强烈影响心部成型物， 熔炼炉中的气氛要求满 足还原和熔化的要求， 以使金属氧化物能够还原并能保持还原状态， 避 免重复氧化。
(2)半呼吸壳： 所述半呼吸壳主要结构和组成与呼吸壳相同， 只是在 熔炼炉中从低温向高温加热过程中， 呼吸壳外壳产生开裂、 点蚀等破坏， 从而心部成型物与此破坏相应的位置暴露在熔炼炉中的气氛中， 而呼吸 壳的其它部分还在外壳的保护下使心部成型物与熔炼炉气体之间保持着 一定的隔离作用。
(3)敞开壳： 所述敞开壳为： ①与呼吸壳的主要结构和组成相同， 但 呼吸壳的外壳在从低温加热到高温时几乎不能保持壳的原有形状， 几乎 不能将心部成型物与熔炼炉气氛进行有效隔离， 熔炼炉气氛强烈影响心 部成型物； ②心部成型物在没有外包壳的情况下与块状熔剂氧化钙或碳 酸钙或碳化钙、 煤块、 煤粉、 焦块等物质的一种或几种混合在熔炼炉内， 在合适的熔炼炉气氛下， 在相应温度下， 金属氧化物进行还原并熔化形 成直接还原钢水或类似高炉生产的铁水。 敞开壳还包括心部成型物与块 状的熔剂如氧化钙的块状的混合物。
呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳及敞开壳可以在转炉、 电弧炉、 平炉、 等离子炉、 炼铁高炉、 电阻炉、 感应加热炉、 埋弧电弧炉、 熔融还原电弧炉或上述 炉种的组合炉型等熔炼炉中进行加热。 熔炼炉中的气氛可以根据呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳及敞开壳的特性选择氧化性气氛、 还原性气氛或弱氧化性气氛。 对于呼吸壳的外壳几乎没有熔炼炉中的气体进入心部成型物的或很少熔 炼炉中的气体进入心部成型物的， 熔炼炉可以选择采用氧化性气氛或弱 氧化性气氛对呼吸壳进行加热， 但也不排除用还原性气氛对其进行加热； 对于有很多熔炼炉中的气体通过外壳进入呼吸壳中的心部成型物的情 况， 半呼吸壳或敞开壳应采用弱氧化性气氛或还原性气氛对其进行加热， 但也不排除可采用氧化性气氛对其进行加热。
呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳及敞开壳可以在转炉、 电弧炉、 平炉、 等离子炉、 电阻炉、 感应加热炉、 埋弧电弧炉、 熔融还原炉或上述炉种的组合炉型 等熔炼炉中合适气氛下直接加热使其还原并熔化形成直接还原钢水或类 似于高炉生产的铁水， 也可在其它炉中加热至一定温度时， 转入这些熔 炼炉内， 如在熔融还原炉中加热到一定温度如心部成型物达到熔融或半 熔融状态， 或金属氧化物还原到一定程度的状态下， 转入与其相连接的 或独立放置的其它熔炼炉中或使熔融还原炉本身具有这些熔炼炉的功 能。 如在熔融还原炉中插入电极进行电弧加热， 或在其炉壁加入感应圈 进行感应加热， 或吹入氧气进行类似于转炉熔炼等。 其中熔融还原炉可 以是多种多样， 可以是竖炉、 回转炉、 炼焦炉等多种炉型， 其中竖炉可 以选择高炉梁式窑、 套筒窑、 双膛窑或周边进风和燃料的周边烧嘴竖窑， 也可以是特定的熔融还原炉， 不论是那种炉型都有一个共同的特点， 即 其中的加热燃料有相当一部分来自呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳或敞开壳的心部成 型物金属还原所产生的 CO、 H2、 烃类等可燃气体， 通过包裹在呼吸壳上 的壳层等形式进入熔融还原炉中进行燃烧或在熔融还原炉外进行燃烧后 其产生的热能再由这些含 CO、 H2、 烃类等可燃气体或其它类型气体或介 质带入熔炼炉中， 或用心部成型物产生的可燃气体发电而采用电加热形 式进行加热熔炼。 而这些燃料产生的热能占还原及熔化过程所需热量的 全部或相当大一部分。
对呼吸壳如外壳在被加热后孔隙较少的可在制壳时加入特定物质， 如加入低熔点物质， 以增大孔隙率。 如在加热后外壳上空隙较多可在制 壳时加特定物质降低孔隙率， 如在含碳酸钙物质中加 SiO2/Al203等物质， 减少高温下的孔隙率。 制备呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳和敞开壳外壳的材料可以 釆用一定粒度的石灰、 石灰石、 白云石、 碳化钙等物质的粉末， 也可以 采用一定粒度的石灰、 石灰石、 白云石、 碳化钙等物质的颗粒。
可以在各种合适的炉种进行以下过程， 也可以用如下物料进行熔炼 和加热生产出合适的产品： 呼吸壳也可以采用煤粉与氧化钙粉末或碳酸 钙粉末以一定形式一定比例混合后制成心部成型物， 再包碳酸钙或氧化 钙外层壳的形式用于制取碳化钙的熔炼制取过程； 呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳和 敞幵壳技术可以用于其它金属的冶炼， 也可以用于碳酸钙、 碳酸镁的煅 烧过程。 也可以用于碳酸钙或碳酸镁等物质包壳， 将含碳物质包于壳内 以一定温度在各种炉内煅烧后形成含氧化钙等物质外壳的焦碳或含氧化 钙、 碳酸钙、 碳酸镁等物质外壳的半焦， 用于高炉、 冲天炉、 电石熔炼 炉等需要焦碳或半焦的地方。 本发明还特别适合这样一些金属熔炼工艺 或这样一些化工工艺， 即呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳、 敞开壳包壳作为整个工艺 所使用的熔剂或整个工艺的参与物， 呼吸壳中的心部成型物中的还原反 应或化学反应在一定温度区间及一定工艺时间内要求隔离于或至少半隔 离于熔炼炉或加热炉中气氛下的气体或熔炼炉内除包壳物质之外的其它 物质， 同时往往很多情况下熔炼炉需要心部成型物进行还原反应或化学 反应后所产生的可燃气体或其它气体透过包壳中的孔隙进入熔炼炉后作 为燃料或工艺所要求的工艺参与物， 并且同时心部成型物还原反应生成 物或化学反应生成物， 与包壳物质及熔炼炉中其它物质同为必要的工艺 参与物， 呼吸壳物料及其半呼吸壳、 敞开壳以及熔炼炉中其它物质几乎 不参与还原过程或化学反应过程或只起催化剂作用的物质在还原反应工 艺或化学反应工艺中只占很小或较小比例。 在大部分情况下， 心部成型 物中的还原反应工艺或化学反应工艺需要呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳、 敞开壳的 包壳将熔炼炉中的热量通过包壳传递进心部成型物， 作为其还原反应或 化学反应工艺所要求热量的全部或相当大一部分， 控制工艺过程选择合 适的设备组合， 可以实现从熔炼炉及其系统中排出的烟气中可燃气体的 比例很低， 并且所排出烟气的温度也较低。 由于整个还原工艺或化学工 艺所需设备布置比较简洁和紧凑， 因此， 作为选择， 可以将整个熔炼炉 及其重要附属设备都封入装有惰性气体的一个大容器中， 容器壁可以选 择透明、 不透明或半透明物质， 如封入惰性气体氦气中等， 此大容器接 有气体处理装置， 对容器内的气体进行除尘净化等处理， 经过滤的主要 含有惰性气体氦气的气体再返回到容器内， 即可减少污染排放又可节约 能源， 从而管道中排出的烟气经净化除含硫等有害物质后， 富含 co2、
N2的气体用于集约农业等方面使用， 成为提供集约农业 CO2的来源， 并可 以利用农业作物提炼农业作物的不同部分作为本发明物料的含碳物质组 成， 使整个流程成为循环优化的流程， 使之更加环保。
作为选择， 还可以采用如下方法， 如为含氧化铁、 含碳物质的心部 成型物包壳的呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳或敞开壳， 壳体为富含碳酸钙或氧化钙 或碳化钙的物质， 还可以选择心部成型物的含碳量及对呼吸壳、 半呼吸 壳、 敞开壳随时间的加热温度曲线的不同， 使其可以产生类似高炉生产 的铁水或直接还原钢水， 而在此过程中， 其中只有一部分或很少的 SiO2 等酸性物质被还原出类似金属 Si的物质，一部分或大部分类似 SiO2等酸性 物质直接与包壳中的 CaO等熔剂结合形成熔渣排出，从而使随后的炼钢或 炼铁等过程更简洁方便。 还可以做到在炼钢时少用氧气或不用氧气。 所述还原产品热熔化后， 向电弧炉、 转炉、 平炉、 埋弧电弧、 等离 子炉等炉型内吹入氧气或惰性气体， 以便于除渣， 所述惰性气体为氩气。
为实现上述熔融还原炼铁的方法本发明提供电弧炉、 埋弧电弧炉、 转炉和感应炉熔融还原炼铁装置。 所述电弧炉装置可具有熔炼功能， 所 述电弧炉装置包括炉体、 炉盖、 电极、 加料装置和出料装置， 所述电弧 炉装置包括至少一对加热炉和至少一对蓄热器； 加热炉与电弧炉炉体连 接； 蓄热器一端与加热炉连接， 另一端分别与排放系统和鼓风机和 /或气 体处理装置连接。 电弧炉的底部设有气体入口。
所述埋弧电弧炉装置包括炉体、 炉盖、 电极和配套的加热炉、 蓄热 器气体处理装置。 埋弧电弧炉底部设有气体入口， 气体入口与气体管路 连接， 所述电极直接插入到熔炼物料的下部进行埋弧操作。
所述转炉装置包括炉体、 炉盖、 电极及配套设备， 转炉盖上设有气 体入口和脱硫剂加料口， 气体入口与气体管路连接。 所述感应炉装置包 括炉体、 炉盖、 感应圈及相配套的供电设备和外加热设备。 感应炉的炉 盖和 /或炉底部设有气体入口， 炉盖上设有脱硫剂加料口。
本发明的优点：
1、 本发明采用呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳和敞开壳技术， 可以将呼吸壳、 半 呼吸壳和敞开壳用于几乎所有的熔融还原装置、 直接还原装置， 甚至在 高炉炼铁中作为原料。 即可以在很高温度下如使金属近乎熔化的温度或 比此温度低的温度下进行， 使预还原和终还原非常迅速， 从而减少了预 还原时间， 加速了预还原过程， 同时也使物料在此温度下不粘结， 在预 还原炉中， 可以有效地移动。 可以用高温的终还原炉产生的气体对其进 行直接燃烧加热或热载体加热， 改变了原有典型熔融还原工艺中预还原 温度较低使预还原时间较长， 而且从终还原炉出来的高温气体需较大降 温才能用于预还原炉的情况， 节省了能源和设备投资。
2、 呼吸壳的外壳可以用作熔炼时的熔剂使用， 可以不加或少加其它 熔剂从而节省了能源， 同时使工艺过程更简洁。
3、 呼吸壳的外壳有效地使热量传递到心部成型物进行还原反应， 而 同时心部成型物中还原过程产生的气体如： CO、 H2、 烃类等通过外壳的 孔隙进入还原炉内， 同时也可控制只有很少的炉内气氛下的气体进入到 心部成型物， 使心部成型物可以在几乎没有外部气体参与下进行还原反 应， 避免了还原后的金属又再次被氧化等情况。 因此， 加热呼吸壳的熔 炼炉或熔融还原炉可以采用还原性气氛， 也可采用氧化性气氛或弱氧化 性气氛。 从心部成型物排出的可燃气体燃烧提供呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳和敞 开壳原料加热所需全部或大部分热量， 同时， 烟气中排出的可燃气体量 很少， 且烟气排出的温度较低。 这些过程有效地降低了还原过程及熔炼 过程的能耗。
4、呼吸壳、半呼吸壳和敞开壳物料可以用于很多熔炼炉中进行熔炼， 本发明列举了一些加热熔炼的实例。 在这些实例中， 只采用包括通过包 壳进入还原炉内， 心部成型物析出 CO、 H2、 烃类等种类的气体在内的燃 料， 包壳内心部成型物可以在包壳内达到熔化、 半熔化或仍是固体状态 但接近熔融温度状态， 节约了能源， 简化了装置， 提高了效率。
5、 还原过程中， 由于采用了呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳及敞开壳， 心部成型 物和外部环境隔开， 壳体内还原反应不受影响， 由于成型物采用包壳技 术， 有效的保护了壳内的心部成型物物料， 防止被还原物质在过程中氧 化， 同时不影响还原过程中的某些物质的传递和热量的传递。 包壳采用 了石灰石、 白云石、 石灰等材料， 可以作为熔融还原炼铁或直接还原钢 的熔剂。 采用呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳及敞开壳生产类似于高炉生产的铁水或 直接还原钢水， 可以不用单独的焦化、 不用单独的烧结及球团过程， 甚 至可以不用单独的石灰煅烧和高炉炼铁等过程， 节省燃料， 简化工艺过 程。 由于成型物外部有包壳， 避免成型物间的接触而造成粘结， 优化了 操作过程。
6、包壳的材料可以为碱性的石灰石、 白云石、碳化钙或石灰等物质， 在熔炼过程中外壳破碎后与原料中的酸性物质反应生成炉渣， 便于直接 还原钢水或铁水与熔渣和其它杂质分离。 去除熔渣和其它杂质后， 可以 在同一熔炼炉中进行炼钢过程， 即可向熔炼炉中喷入氧气或惰性气体， 也可有效地进行电弧炉和感应加热炉的电磁搅拌。 即在同一熔炼炉中根 据物料的成分及其工艺过程的不同， 既可以生产出铁水， 直接还原钢水， 又可以进行随后的炼钢过程， 有效地节约了能源及减少了污染。
7、 本发明可以取消单独的焦化、 烧结、 球团烧制、 石灰煅烧、 高炉 炼铁中的一种或几种， 整个还原工艺或化学工艺所需设备布置比较简洁 和紧凑， 节约了土地资源。 相应地减少了污染源， 同时使原有的工艺中 二噁英、 苯酚、 氮氧化合物、 硫的化合物等污染大大降低， 呼吸壳的外 壳也有效地减少了含硫物质和其它一些有害物质排入大气， 可以降低粉 尘的排放。
8、 在熔融还原和熔炼过程中， 作为选择可以进行如下工艺过程， 其 中只有一部分或很少的 SiO2等酸性物质被还原出类似金属 Si的物质，一部 分或大部分类似 SiO2等酸性物质直接与包壳中的 CaO等熔剂结合形成熔 渣排出， 从而使随后的炼钢或炼铁等过程更简洁方便。 还可以做到在炼 钢时少用氧气或不用氧气。
9、 利用本发明产生的烟气， 其 (：02浓度含量很高， 经除尘净化后提 纯二氧化碳用于集约农业， 成为提供集约农业 CO2的来源， 并可以利用农 业作物提炼农业作物的不同部分作为本发明物料的含碳物质组成， 使整 个流程成为循环优化的流程， 使之更加环保。
10、 本发明采用呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳和敞幵壳技术， 可以将呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳和敞幵壳用在各种合适的炉型中， 同时呼吸壳也可以采用煤粉 与氧化钙粉末或碳酸钙粉末等以一定形式一定比例混合后制成心部成型 物， 再包碳酸钙或氧化钙外层壳的形式用于制取碳化钙的熔炼制取过程； 呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳和敞开壳技术可以用于其它金属的冶炼， 也可以用于 碳酸钙、 碳酸镁的煅烧过程。 也可以用于碳酸钙或碳酸镁等物质包壳， 将含碳物质包壳于内以一定温度在各种炉内煅烧后形成含氧化钙等物质 外壳的焦碳或含氧化钙、 碳酸钙、 碳酸镁等物质外壳的半焦， 用于高炉、 冲天炉、 电石熔炼炉等需要焦碳或半焦的地方。 本发明还特别适合这样 一些金属熔炼工艺或这样一些化工工艺， 即呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳、 敞开壳 包壳作为整个工艺所使用的熔剂或整个工艺的参与物， 呼吸壳中的心部 成型物中的还原反应或化学反应在一定温度区间及一定工艺时间内要求 隔离于或至少半隔离于熔炼炉或加热炉中气氛下的气体或熔炼炉或加热 炉内除包壳物质之外的其它物质， 同时往往很多情况下熔炼炉需要心部 成型物进行还原反应或化学反应后所产生的可燃气体或其它气体透过包 壳中的孔隙进入熔炼炉后作为燃料或工艺所要求的工艺参与物， 并且同 时心部成型物还原反应生成物或化学反应生成物， 与包壳物质及熔炼炉 中其它物质同为必要的工艺参与物， 呼吸壳物料及其半呼吸壳、 敞开壳 以及熔炼炉中其它物质几乎不直接参与还原过程或化学反应过程或只起 催化剂作用的物质在还原反应工艺或化学反应工艺中只占很少或较小比 例， 在大部分情况下， 心部成型物中的还原反应工艺或化学反应工艺需 要呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳、 敞幵壳的包壳将熔炼炉中的热量通过包壳传递进 心部成型物， 作为其还原反应或化学反应工艺所要求热量的全部或相当 大一部分， 控制工艺过程选择合适的设备组合， 可以实现从熔炼炉及系 统中排出的烟气中可燃气体的比例很低， 并且所排出烟气的温度也较低。 附图说明
图 1为本发明电弧炉熔融还原炼铁装置示意图；
图 2为本发明排放系统流程示意图；
图 3为本发明电弧炉的炉盖及电极分布示意图；
图 4为埋弧电弧炉熔融还原炼铁的装置示意图；
图 5为转炉熔融还原炼铁的装置示意图；
图 6为感应炉熔融还原炼铁的装置示意图；
图 7为埋弧电弧炉生产电石的装置示意图。
其中-
1一电极、 2—炉体、 3—炉盖、 4一鼓风机、 5—加热炉 （包括 5a、 5b ) 、 6—蓄热器 （包括 6a、 6b ) 、 7—蓄热体、 8—气体处理装置、 9一 铁水 /钢水流出口、 10—气体管路、 1 1一脱硫剂加料口、 12—旋风分离器、 13—布袋除尘器、 14一引风机、 15—烟囱、 16—气体入口、 17—感应圈、 18—熔渣冷却装置、 19一生铁和连铸坯或轧材冷却装置、 20—电石冷却 筒、 21—电石流出口。 具体实施方式
实施例 1
熔融还原炼铁装置为电弧炉， 原料为呼吸壳。
本发明所述的电弧炉熔融还原炼铁装置如图 1 所示， 包括炉体 2、 炉盖 3、 加料设备和出料设备， 炉体 2下部有铁水 /钢水流出口 9。 电弧 炉的底部设有气体入口 16，该气体入口与气体管路 10连接。如图 3所示， 炉盖 3上有三个电极插孔，分别插入电极 1，三根电极插孔成三角形分布。 炉体 2外一对加热炉 5a、 5b和一对蓄热器 6a、 6b , 两台加热炉安装在炉 体 2外的两侧。 加热炉通过连接口与电弧炉的炉体 2连接， 连接口内气 体可以来回流动。 蓄热器 6a、 6b的一端与加热炉连接， 另一端分别与鼓 风机 4、气体处理装置和排放系统连接。所述气体处理装置包括循环气体 增压机、 气体冷却净化装置、 气体储罐等装置， 气体处理装置可以使用 也可以不使用。 为充分利用余热， 所述电弧炉熔融还原炼铁装置还设有 两台或两台以上熔渣冷却装置 18和两台或两台以上生铁或连铸坯或轧材 冷却装置 19。 利用析出气体的循环将熔渣或连铸坯或轧材的热量经加热 炉 5a、 5b带入到炉体 2。 如图 2所示， 排放系统包括旋风分离器 12、 布 袋除尘器 13、 引风机 14和烟囱 15。 加热炉设有助燃空气管路和燃料管 路。 鼓风机 4 的出口分四路， 分别与两个加热炉和两个蓄热器相连接， 每路装有阔门。 与加热炉连接的燃料管路和与蓄热器连接的废气排放管 路上也装有阀门。 两台加热炉交替燃烧燃料和析出气体， 两台蓄热器交 替蓄热和放热。 析出气体为铁的氧化物还原过程中产生的气体， 其中含 有大量的 CO、 H2。 蓄热器的蓄热体 7为陶瓷球状体。 电弧炉的炉体及炉 盖为钢结构并装有耐火材料内衬。 所述炉体 2和炉盖 3， 电极 1与炉盖 3 之间为水冷套密封连接。
电弧炉熔融还原炼铁的工艺步骤如下：
(1)制备呼吸壳： 将 Fe2O3、 Fe3O4等铁的氧化物与煤粉混合， 加入适 量的水制成球团， 即为心部成型物。 以石灰石粉末和其它一些特定物质 为原料， 用硅溶胶等特定原料为粘合剂， 包在心部成型物的外层， 形成 包衣球团即为呼吸壳。
(2)将包有心部成型物的呼吸壳烘干后置入电弧炉。
(3)利用外加热的方法进行加热， 使呼吸壳内的心部成型物在 300〜 1800°C的某个或某组合适温度使其还原， 在这个过程中持续放出析出气 体。
(4)当呼吸壳中心部成型物的金属化率达到 40〜95%时， 启动电弧炉 电极， 利用电弧加热， 使呼吸壳破碎， 呼吸壳中还原物熔化。
(5)进行渣铁分离， 产生铁水或直接还原钢水。
本发明的操作过程为， 将原料置入电弧炉炉体 2内， 先启动加热炉 5b , 加热蓄热体 7， 然后经阀门到排放系统。 蓄热器 6b烟气出口达到设 定温度时进行换向， 空气经阀门、 蓄热器 6b进入加热炉 5b， 蓄热器中的 蓄热体放出热量加热助燃空气。产生的烟气通过连接口进入电弧炉炉体 2 内， 加热电弧炉中的呼吸壳成型物， 并且进行还原反应， 产生的析出气 体连同烟气一起进入加热炉 5a，在加热炉 5a中与经过阀门过来的合适流 量的空气混合后燃烧， 烟气进入蓄热器 6a把热量传给蓄热体 7， 经阀门 到排放系统。 蓄热器 6b烟气出口达到设定温度时进行换向， 助燃风经过 阀门进入蓄热器 6a预热助燃空气， 然后进入加热炉 5a， 与经阀门进来的 燃料混合后燃烧。烟气和析出气体经右侧的连接口进入电弧炉炉体 2， 再 经左侧连接口进入加热炉 5b，在加热炉 5b中与经过阀门过来的合适流量 的空气混合后燃烧， 然后烟气进入蓄热器 6b， 把热量传给蓄热体后经阀 门到排放系统。 通过设定蓄热器烟气出口温度来控制两台加热炉 5a、 5b 和两台蓄热器 6a、 6b的换向操作， 当蓄热器出口烟气到达设定温度后自 动转换气流方向， 该侧的加热炉由燃烧析出气体变为燃烧燃料。 整个过 程自动控制， 通过开关各个阀门来实现换向操作。
可以在开始加热时使用熔渣冷却装置 18 和生铁或连铸坯或轧材冷 却装置 19作为空气预热装置， 预热后的空气作为热载体或助燃气体和熔 炼炉中的呼吸壳加热后放出的析出气体混合燃烧加热呼吸壳， 并对蓄热 体进行加热。
电弧炉熔融还原炼铁装置的操作过程为， 先通过上述过程利用呼吸 壳、半呼吸壳或敞开壳物料中通过析出的富含 CO、 H2、烃类等可燃气体， 提供几乎全部或相当大一部分加热所需热量， 使熔炼炉中的物料加热到 300〜1800°C的某个或某组合适温度， 物料中铁的氧化物被还原成金属 铁。上述过程中，当炉体内原料中的金属氧化物的金属化率达到 40〜95% 时， 并且呼吸壳内的被还原金属铁可以是固态、 液态或半熔融状态， 使 用电极对其进行电弧加热熔化， 充分电磁搅拌， 富含氧化钙等溶剂的破 碎外壳与原料中的酸性物质进行反应、 造渣， 进行渣铁分离。 产生铁水 或直接还原钢水， 铁水或直接还原钢水从铁水 /钢水流出口 9流出。 也可 选择将熔渣倒出后， 吹氧或吹氩直接进行钢水熔炼或铁水熔炼。 上述工 艺过程中， 采用电极进行电弧加热可以是根据炉况间歇性的操作， 间歇 时间可以是从 0~100%还原及熔炼时间， 从顶部或底部通入氧气、 氩气的 过程， 是根据熔融或半熔融的铁水或直接还原钢水的状况选择通入或不 通入或选择通入其中一种气体。 可以选择整个过程中， 铁水或直接还原 钢水全部制成为液态， 几乎全部排出炉体， 后再加入物料重新进行冶炼， 也可以将部分熔融的铁水或直接还原钢水排出炉体， 炉内还保留着未完 全熔融的物质继续进行加热， 同时用适当的加料方法选择补充加入物料。 在熔炼过程中， 熔炼炉中采用电极进行电弧还原熔化加热或通入助燃空 气或含氧气体采用燃料还原熔化加热， 可以各自单独进行也可以同时进 行。 炉体 2 的高度与直径之比可以根据物料情况和炉况选择为细高型或 矮粗型， 其具体高度和直径根据炉况、 物料性质、 生产量等因素决定。 炉体 2周边的蓄热器数量也可以选择一对或多对， 蓄热器中的蓄热体可 以采用耐高温的耐火球、 耐火砖、 蜂窝状或其它形状的耐火蓄热体， 蓄 热体可以采用部分或全部采用合适的耐高温金属制品和耐高温非金属制 品， 如含碳物质等。 熔渣冷却器 18装入可分离的熔渣， 生铁或连铸坯或 轧材冷却器 19装入生铁或连铸坯或轧材（如果有合适的上述产品或副产 品的情况） ， 大部分情况是在熔炼炉中刚刚加入物料时， 通入空气 （图 1 中未标出与之相联的空气管路） 或其它含氧气体或气体处理装置中的富 含 CO、 或 C02等组分的气体对熔渣或生铁或连铸坯或轧材进行合适 的冷却后， 使气体加热后通入熔炼炉中作为热载体或助燃气体对物料进 行加热， 熔渣冷却器 18和生铁或连铸坯或轧材冷却器 19可以根据具体 情况选择不用。 而从管道中排出的烟气经净化除含硫等有害物质后， 富 含 C02、 N2的气体用于集约农业等方面使用。 实施例 2
熔融还原炼铁装置为埋弧电弧炉， 原料为半呼吸壳。
埋弧电弧炉熔融还原炼铁装置如图 4所示， 包括炉体 2、 炉盖 3、 电 极 1和配套的加热炉 5a、 5b、 蓄热器 5a、 5b、 气体处理装置 8， 电弧炉 底部设有气体入口 16， 该气体入口与气体管路 10连接。所述气体处理装 置包括循环气体增压机、 气体冷却净化装置、 气体储罐等装置， 气体处 理装置可以使用也可以不使用。 为充分利用余热， 所述熔融还原炼铁装 置还设有两台或两台以上熔渣冷却装置 18和两台或两台以上生铁或连铸 坯或轧材冷却装置 19。 利用析出气体的循环将熔渣或连铸坯或轧材的热 量经加热炉 5a、 5b带入到炉体 2。 本实施例所述埋弧电弧炉熔融还原炼 铁装置和实施例 1 所述的电弧炉熔融还原炼铁装置的不同点在于本实施 例的电极直接插入到熔炼物料的下部进行埋弧操作。
埋弧电弧炉熔融还原炼铁的工艺步骤如下：
(1)制备半呼吸壳： 将 Fe2O3、 Fe3O4等铁的氧化物与煤粉混合， 加入 适量的水制成球团， 即为心部成型物。 以石灰粉末、 铁矿石粉末和其它 一些特定物质为原料， 以水玻璃等特定原料为粘合剂， 包在心部成型物 的外层即为半呼吸壳。 半呼吸壳和呼吸壳的区别在于半呼吸壳的外壳较 为松软， 不耐 1000°C以上高温， 熔融还原过程中外壳破碎。
(2)将包有心部成型物的半呼吸壳和一定粒度的煤块混合置入电弧 炉。
(3)利用外加热的方法进行加热， 使熔炼炉中的物料加热到 300〜 1800°C的某个或某组合适温度使其还原， 在这个过程中持续放出析出气 体。
(4)当炉体中成型物的金属化率达到 40〜95%时， 启动电弧炉电极进 行电弧加热， 利用电弧加热至熔化。 (5)进行渣铁分离， 产生铁水或直接还原钢水。
以半呼吸壳原料进行熔融还原炼铁过程中， 还原后的半呼吸壳在熔 炼过程中外壳破碎， 破碎的壳层物质可作熔剂和造渣剂， 同样有利于提 高还原产品的质量和渣铁分离。 如图 4所示， 利用蓄热器 6a、 6b蓄热， 采用交替换向的方式。 含氧气体通过蓄热器 6b与燃料在加热炉 5b和熔 炼炉内燃烧， 从半呼吸壳物料中持续排出包壳的析出气体也进行燃烧， 烟气和未燃烧利用的析出气体等气体进入对面的加热炉 5a中， 选择合适 流量的含氧气体与析出气体中的可燃物混合并燃烧， 加热蓄热器 6a中的 蓄热体 7 使其蓄热， 降温后的烟气经排放系统排出。 排出的烟气中只有 很少部分的可燃气体， 并且具有较低的温度。 此后， 将含氧气体经蓄热 器 6a进入加热炉 5a，与燃料在加热炉中燃烧，对熔炼炉的物料进行加热， 产生的烟气与析出气体一起进入加热炉 5b， 与合适流量的含氧气体混合 并燃烧， 加热蓄热器 6b的蓄热体 7使其蓄热， 被冷却的烟气进入气体排 放系统。 排出的烟气中同样也只有很少部分的可燃气体成份， 并且排出 烟气的温度较低。 依次循环， 其进入加热炉中的含氧气体始终是高温气 体， 提高系统的热效率。 呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳或敞开壳物料中通过析出的 富含 CO、 H2、 烃类等可燃气体， 提供几乎全部或相当大一部分加热所需 热量， 使熔炼炉中的物料加热到 300〜1800°C的某个或某组合适温度， 物 料中铁的氧化物被还原成金属铁。 上述过程中， 当炉体内原料中的金属 氧化物的金属化率达到 40〜95%时， 并且呼吸壳内的被还原金属铁可以 是固态、 液态或半熔融状态， 使用电极对其进行电弧加热熔化， 充分电 磁搅拌， 对炉体中的半呼吸壳进行熔融还原炼铁过程， 还原后的物料在 熔炼过程中外壳破碎， 破碎的壳层物质可作熔剂和造渣剂， 有利于提高 还原产品的质量和渣铁分离， 产生铁水或直接还原钢水， 铁水或直接还 原钢水从铁水 /钢水流出口 9流出。 也可选择将铁水或直接还原钢水上的 熔渣从炉顶倒出后， 吹氧或吹氩直接进行钢水熔炼或铁水熔炼。 上述工 艺过程中， 埋弧的电加热过程可以根据整个过程的具体情况间歇进行， 间歇时间可以是从 0~ 100%还原及熔炼时间， 从顶部或底部通入氧气、 氩 气的过程， 是根据熔融或半熔融的铁水或钢水的状况选择通入或不通入 或选择通入其中一种气体。 可以选择整个过程中， 铁水或直接还原钢水 全部为液态， 全部排出炉体， 也可以将部分熔融的铁水或直接还原钢水 排出炉体， 炉内还保留着未完全熔融的物质继续进行加热， 同时用适当 的加料方法选择加料。 在熔炼过程中， 熔炼炉中采用电极进行电弧还原 熔化加热与通入助燃空气或含氧气体采用燃料还原熔化加热， 可以各自 单独进行也可以同时进行。
为了降低钢液中的氧含量、 夹杂物和碳含量， 在将熔炼炉中的熔渣 倒出后采用吹氩技术。 吹氩具有与真空处理相类似的作用， 即可脱氧、 脱碳、 除气、 搅拌钢液和除去杂物等， 所用的氩气可以是制氧工业的副 产品。 纯氩中所含的其它气体很低， 氩气吹入钢液， 既不参与化学反应， 也不溶解在钢液内。 向钢液中吹入氩气形成气泡时， 对钢中溶解的各种 气体来说无异于一个个小的真空室， 其中其它气体的分压几乎等于零。 这样， 钢液中的氢、 氮等气体将不断地向氩气泡中扩散， 气泡中氢和氮 等气体的分压将逐渐增大， 但因气泡上浮过程中所受静压减小和受热膨 胀， 所以氢和氮的分压仍能保持在较低的水平， 故能继续吸收氢和氮等。 最后这些气体随氩气泡一道浮出钢液而被除去。 得到纯净的铁水或直接 还原钢水或纯净的钢水。
炉体 2的高度与直径之比可以根据物料情况和炉况选择为细高型或 矮粗型， 其具体高度和直径根据炉况、 物料性质、 生产量等因素决定。 炉体 2周边的蓄热器数量也可以选择一对或多对， 蓄热器中的蓄热体可 以采用耐高温的耐火球、 耐火砖、 蜂窝状或其它形状的耐火蓄热体， 蓄 热体可以采用部分或全部采用合适的耐高温金属制品和耐高温非金属制 品， 如含碳物质等。 熔渣冷却器 18装入可分离的熔渣， 生铁或连铸坯或 轧材冷却器 19装入生铁或连铸坯或轧材（如果有合适的上述产品或副产 品的情况） ， 大部分情况是在熔炼炉中刚刚加入物料时， 通入空气 （图 4 中未标出与之相联的空气管路） 或其它含氧气体或气体处理装置中的富 含 CO、 或 CO2等组分的气体对熔渣或生铁或连铸坯或轧材进行合适 的冷却后， 使气体加热后通入熔炼炉中作为热载体或助燃气体对物料进 行加热， 熔渣冷却器 18和生铁或连铸坯或轧材冷却器 19可以根据具体 情况选择不用。 而从管道中排出的烟气经净化除含硫等有害物质后， 富 含 CO2、 N2的气体用于集约农业等方面使用。 实施例 3
熔融还原炼铁装置为转炉， 原料为敞开壳。
所述转炉熔融还原炼铁装置如图 5所示， 包括有炉体 2、 炉盖 3、 电 极及配套的加热炉 5a、 5b , 蓄热器 6a、 6b和气体处理装置 8。 所述转炉 盖上设有气体入口 16和脱硫剂加料口 1 1， 气体入口 16 与气体管路 10 连接。 为充分利用余热， 所述转炉熔融还原炼铁装置还设有两台或两台 以上熔渣冷却装置 18 和两台或两台以上生铁或连铸坯或轧材冷却装置 19。 利用析出气体的循环将熔渣或连铸坯或轧材的热量经加热炉 5a、 5b 带入到炉体 2。
转炉熔融还原炼铁的工艺步骤如下：
(1)制备敞开壳： 将 Fe2O3、 Fe3O4等铁的氧化物与煤粉混合， 掺入 5% 的石灰石粉末和其它一些特定物质， 加入适量的水制成球团， 即为敞开 壳。 敞开壳为掺入石灰或石灰石粉末的含碳球团成型物不加外壳。
(2)将敞开壳置入电弧炉， 均匀掺入适量的石灰块、 一定粒度的煤块 和其它一些特定物质。
(3)利用外加热的方法进行加热， 使熔炼炉中的物料加热到 300〜 1800 °C的某个或某组合适温度使其还原， 在这个过程中持续放出析出气 体。
(4)当炉体中成型物的金属化率达到 40〜95%时， 启动电极进行电弧 加热， 利用电弧加热至熔化。
(5)进行渣铁分离， 产生铁水或直接还原钢水。
倒出熔渣后采用高纯度的氧气从上口插入到炉内， 将氧气高速吹向 熔池。 高速的氧射流直接冲击熔池， 一方面对熔池产生强烈搅拌， 另一 方面射流与熔池发生强烈的相互破碎， 使异相接触面积急剧增大， 这些 物理现象给炉内的化学反应创造了良好的条件， 使氧的传输机理、 传输 速度、 各种元素在熔池中的传输速度以及反应界面都发生了根本的变化。 把氧气鼓入熔融的生铁里， 使硅、 锰等杂质氧化。 在氧化的过程中 放出大量的热量可使炉内达到足够高的温度。 因此转炉炼钢不需要另外 使用燃料。 转炉炼钢是在转炉里进行。 开始时， 转炉处于水平， 然后向 液态生铁内鼓入氧气并转动转炉。 这时液态生铁表面剧烈的反应， 使铁、 硅、 锰氧化生成炉渣， 利用熔化的钢铁和炉渣的对流作用， 使反应遍及 整个炉内。 当钢液中只剩下少量的硅与锰时， 碳开始氧化， 生成一氧化 碳使钢液剧烈沸腾。炉口由于逸出的一氧化碳的燃烧而出现巨大的火焰。 最后， 磷也发生氧化并进一步生成磷酸亚铁。 磷酸亚铁再跟生石灰反应 生成稳定的磷酸钙和硫化钙， 一起成为炉渣。 当磷与硫逐渐减少， 火焰 退落， 炉口出现四氧化三铁的褐色蒸汽时， 表明钢已炼成。 这时应立即 停止吹氧， 并把转炉转到水平位置， 把钢水倾至钢水包里， 再加脱氧剂 进行脱氧。 也可以选择氧气是从炉底吹入的形式。
本发明使用氧气顶吹转炉， 不排除侧吹转炉、 底吹转炉。 吹入的氧 为高压工业纯氧， 能进一步提高生产效率和钢的质量。 这是一种不需外 加热源， 主要以液态生铁为原料的炼钢方法。 转炉炼钢主要特点是： 靠 转炉内液态生铁的物理热和生铁内各组分 （如碳、 锰、 硅、 磷等） 与送 入炉内的氧进行化学反应所产生的热量， 使金属达到出钢要求的成分和 温度。 炉料主要为敞开壳， 可加入少量的呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳， 或一定粒 度的煤块。 转炉按炉衬的耐火材料性质分为碱性和酸性； 按气体吹入炉 内的部位分为底吹、 顶吹和侧吹； 按吹炼采用的气体， 分为空气转炉和 氧气转炉， 本发明为氧气转炉。 本发明以敞开壳为原料， 所用炉体为碱 性转炉。
转炉可采用喷嘴或透气砖自底部吹入， 可明显地改善熔池的搅 拌力,兼有底吹和顶吹的优点。 转炉炼钢法同其它炼钢法相比， 主要优点 在于它不借助外加能源， 仅靠吹入熔池的氧气与生铁水中各种元素的放 热氧化反应完成脱碳和脱除杂质的任务， 并将钢液加热到 1600°C出钢温 度或更高的温度。
转炉吹炼终了时， 钢液中存在着少量过剩的溶解氧， 一般为 0.01〜0.08 %。 其含量主要取决于终点钢水的碳含量。 炼成合格的钢材必 须进行脱氧。 脱氧是将与氧亲和力较大的元素及其合金作为脱氧剂加入 钢液中， 利用脱氧产物不溶于钢液而析出上浮脱离钢液的原理， 使钢中 的含氧量降到规定限度之下。
敞开壳加入熔炼炉后， 用燃料加热的过程为含氧气体通过蓄热器 6b 与燃料在加热炉 5b和熔炼炉内燃烧， 从敞开壳物料中持续排出包壳的析 出气体也进行燃烧， 烟气和未燃烧利用的析出气体等气体进入对面的加 热炉 5a中，选择合适流量的含氧气体与析出气体中的可燃物混合并燃烧， 加热蓄热器 6a中的蓄热体 7使其蓄热， 降温后的烟气进入排放系统。 排 出的烟气中只有很少部分的可燃气体， 并且具有较低的温度。 此后， 将 含氧气体经蓄热器 6a进入加热炉 5a， 与燃料在加热炉中燃烧， 对熔炼炉 的物料进行加热， 产生的烟气与析出气体一起进入加热炉 5b， 与合适流 量的含氧气体混合并燃烧， 加热蓄热器 6b的蓄热体 7使其蓄热， 被冷却 的烟气进入旋风分离器 12， 布袋除尘器 13， 并从烟囱 15 中排出， 排出 的烟气中同样也只有很少部分的可燃气体成份， 并且排出烟气的温度较 低。 依次循环， 其进入加热炉中的含氧气体始终是高温气体， 提高系统 的热效率。 呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳或敞开壳物料中通过析出的富含 CO、 H2、 烃类等可燃气体， 提供几乎全部或相当大一部分加热所需热量， 使熔炼 炉中的物料加热到 300〜1800°C的某个或某组合适温度，物料中铁的氧化 物被还原成金属铁。 上述过程中， 当炉体内原料中的金属氧化物的金属 化率达到 40〜95%时， 并且呼吸壳内的被还原金属铁可以是固态、 液态 或半熔融状态， 使用电极对其进行电弧加热熔化， 充分电磁搅拌， 富含 氧化钙等溶剂的破碎外壳与原料中的酸性物质进行反应、 造渣， 进行渣 铁分离， 产生铁水或直接还原钢水， 铁水或直接还原钢水从铁水 /钢水流 出口 9 流出。 还可以选择渣铁分离后倒出渣水后， 并将电极进行适当调 整， 采用高纯度的氧气从上口插入到炉内， 把氧气鼓入熔融的生铁或直 接还原钢中， 使硅、 锰等杂质氧化， 在氧化的过程中放出大量的热量可 使炉内达到足够高的温度， 因此转炉炼钢不需要另外使用燃料， 产生直 接还原钢水或比直接还原钢水更纯净的钢水。 上述工艺过程中， 采用电 极进行电弧加热可以是根据炉况进行间歇性的操作， 间歇时间可以是从 0~100%还原及熔炼时间， 从顶部或底部通入氧气、 氩气的过程， 是根据 熔融或半熔融的铁水或直接还原钢水的状况选择通入或不通入或选择通 入其中一种气体。 可以选择整个过程中， 铁水或直接还原钢水全部为液 态， 全部排出炉体， 也可以将部分熔融的铁水或直接还原钢水排出炉体， 炉内还保留着未完全熔融的物质继续进行加热， 同时用适当的加料方法 选择加料。 在熔炼过程中， 熔炼炉中采用电极进行电弧还原熔化加热与 通入助燃空气或含氧气体采用燃料还原熔化加热， 可以各自单独进行也 可以同时进行。 炉体 2 中炉体高度与直径之比可以根据物料情况和炉况 选择为细高型或矮粗型， 其具体高度和直径根据炉况、 物料性质、 生产 量等因素决定。 炉体 2 周边的蓄热器数量也可以选择一对或多对， 蓄热 器中的蓄热体可以采用耐高温的耐火球、 耐火砖、 蜂窝状或其它形状的 耐火蓄热体， 蓄热体可以采用部分或全部采用合适的耐高温金属制品和 耐高温非金属制品， 如含碳物质等。 熔渣冷却器 18装入可分离的熔渣， 生铁或连铸坯或轧材冷却器 19装入生铁或连铸坯或轧材（如果有合适的 上述产品或副产品的情况） ， 大部分情况是在熔炼炉中刚刚加入物料时， 通入空气 （图 5 中未标出与之相联的空气管路） 或其它含氧气体或气体 处理装置中的富含 CO、 或 CO2等组分的气体对熔渣或生铁或连铸坯 或轧材进行合适的冷却后， 使气体加热后通入熔炼炉中作为热载体或助 燃气体对物料进行加热，熔渣冷却器 18和生铁或连铸坯或轧材冷却器 19 可以根据具体情况选择不用。 而从管道中排出的烟气经净化除含硫等有 害物质后， 富含 CO2、 N2的气体用于集约农业等方面使用。 实施例 4
熔融还原炼铁装置为感应炉， 原料为呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳和敞开壳的 混合物。
所述感应炉熔融还原炼铁装置如图 6所示， 包括炉体 2、 炉盖 3、 感 应圈 17及相配套的供电设备和加热炉 5a、 5b , 蓄热器 6a、 6b和气体处 理装置 8。 所述感应炉的炉盖 3和 /或炉底部设有气体入口 16， 炉盖 3上 设有脱硫剂加料口 1 1。 为充分利用余热， 所述感应炉熔融还原炼铁装置 还设有两台或两台以上熔渣冷却装置 18和两台或两台以上生铁或连铸坯 或轧材冷却装置 19。 利用析出气体的循环将熔渣或连铸坯或轧材的热量 经加热炉 5a、 5b带入到炉体 2。
感应炉熔融还原炼铁的工艺步骤如下：
(1)制备呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳和敞开壳： 分别按照实施例 1、 2、 3中步 骤 (1)制备呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳和敞开壳， 其中敞开壳中掺入 5%的石灰石粉 末和其它一些特定物质。
(2)将呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳、 敞开壳和一定粒度的煤块混合后置入感应 炉。
(3)利用外加热的方法进行加热， 使熔炼炉中的物料加热到 300〜 1800°C的某个或某组合适温度使其还原， 这个过程持续放出析出气体。
(4)当炉体内原料中的金属氧化物的金属化率达到 40〜95%时， 启动 电源开动感应炉， 利用电磁感应加热， 使熔炼炉中物料熔化。
(5)进行渣铁分离， 产生铁水或直接还原钢水。
感应炉炼钢是利用感应电热效应加热、 熔化金属的炼钢方法。 它特 别适于用优质原料冶炼优质钢和合金。 配有真空系统的真空感应炉更是 冶炼优质合金的重要设备。 感应炉炼钢的特点是： ①热先达金属熔池， 再传导给熔渣， 所以熔渣温度较低； ②熔池受强烈的电磁搅拌。 电源频 率愈低， 功率愈高， 搅拌愈强烈， 是限制最大比功率的主要因素； ③与 电弧加热相比， 感应加热无热点、 无电弧、 环境污染较轻且温度均匀； ④不增加碳， 不会局部过热， 操作简单且合金烧损较少。 感应炉为熔沟 式结构， 其工作原理与变压器相似。 熔沟式感应炉的初级绕组内装有铁 芯， 以减少漏磁， 提高功率因数， 二级绕组是充满金属液的熔沟。 当感 应圈内通过交流电时， 熔沟内液体金属中产生感应电动势， 产生焦耳热， 加热炉料。 在熔沟内能量转化再传输至熔池， 熔沟的热负荷很高。 由于 感应炉工艺操作的要求， 脱硫和脱氧同时进行。 感应炉功率因数很低的 负载一般不进行脱碳、 脱磷， 所以必须选用好的原料， 并采用电容器来 提高功率因数。 将呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳和敞开壳混合后置入感应炉， 利用 蓄热器 6a、 6b蓄热， 采用交替换向的方式， 含氧气体通过蓄热器 6b与 燃料在加热炉 5b和熔炼炉内燃烧， 从呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳或敞开壳物料中 持续排出包壳的析出气体也进行燃烧， 烟气和未燃烧利用的析出气体等 气体进入对面的加热炉 5a中， 选择合适流量的含氧气体与析出气体中的 可燃物混合并燃烧， 加热蓄热器 6a中的蓄热体 7使其蓄热， 降温后的烟 气通过旋风分离器 12， 布袋除尘器 13， 通过烟囱 15排出， 排出的烟气 中只有很少部分的可燃气体， 并且具有较低的温度。 此后， 将含氧气体 经蓄热器 6a进入加热炉 5a， 与燃料在加热炉中燃烧， 对熔炼炉的物料进 行加热， 产生的烟气与析出气体一起进入加热炉 5b， 与合适流量的含氧 气体混合并燃烧， 加热蓄热器 6b的蓄热体 7使其蓄热， 被冷却的烟气进 入旋风分离器 12， 布袋除尘器 13， 并从烟囱 15 中排出， 排出的烟气中 同样也只有很少部分的可燃气体成份， 并且排出烟气的温度较低。 依次 循环， 其进入加热炉中的含氧气体始终是高温气体， 提高系统的热效率。 呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳或敞开壳物料中通过析出的富含 CO、 H2、 烃类等可燃 气体， 提供几乎全部或相当大一部分加热所需热量， 使熔炼炉中的物料 加热到 300〜1800°C的某个或某组合适温度，物料中铁的氧化物被还原成 金属铁。上述过程中，当炉体内原料中的金属氧化物的金属化率达到 40〜 95%时， 并且呼吸壳内的被还原金属铁可以是固态、 液态或半熔融状态， 启动电源开动感应炉， 利用电磁感应加热， 使熔炼炉中物料熔化， 充分 电磁搅拌， 富含氧化钙等溶剂的破碎外壳与原料中的酸性物质进行反应、 造渣， 进行渣铁分离， 产生直接还原钢水或类似高炉生产的铁水， 倒出 熔渣后可通入氩气或氧气进行熔炼， 生产出纯净的钢水或纯净的铁水。 上述工艺过程中， 采用电极进行电弧加热可以是根据炉况进行间歇性的 操作， 间歇时间可以是从 0~ 100%还原及熔炼时间， 从顶部或底部通入氧 气、 氩气的过程， 是根据熔融或半熔融的铁水或直接还原钢水的状况选 择通入或不通入或选择通入其中一种气体。 可以选择整个过程中， 铁水 或直接还原钢水全部为液态， 全部排出炉体， 也可以将部分熔融的铁水 或直接还原钢水排出炉体， 炉内还保留着未完全熔融的物质继续进行加 热， 同时用适当的加料方法选择加料。 在熔炼过程中， 熔炼炉中采用电 磁感应还原熔化加热与通入助燃空气或含氧气体采用燃料还原熔化加 热， 可以各自单独进行也可以同时进行。 炉体 2 中炉体高度与直径之比 可以根据物料情况和炉况选择为细高型或矮粗型， 其具体高度和直径根 据炉况、 物料性质、 生产量等因素决定。 炉体 2周边的蓄热器数量也可 以选择一对或多对， 蓄热器中的蓄热体可以采用耐高温的耐火球、 耐火 砖、 蜂窝状或其它形状的耐火蓄热体， 蓄热体可以采用部分或全部采用 合适的耐高温金属制品和耐高温非金属制品， 如含碳物质等。 熔渣冷却 器 18装入可分离的熔渣， 生铁或连铸坯或轧材冷却器 19装入生铁或连 铸坯或轧材 （如果有合适的上述产品或副产品的情况） ， 大部分情况是 在熔炼炉中刚刚加入物料时， 通入空气 （图 6 中未标出与之相联的空气 管路） 或其它含氧气体或气体处理装置中的富含 CO、 H2或 CO2等组分 的气体对熔渣或生铁或连铸坯或轧材进行合适的冷却后， 使气体加热后 通入熔炼炉中作为热载体或助燃气体对物料进行加热， 熔渣冷却器 18和 生铁或连铸坯或轧材冷却器 19可以根据具体情况选择不用。而从管道中 排出的烟气经净化除含硫等有害物质后， 富含 CO2、 N2的气体用于集约 农业等方面使用。 实施例 5
熔融还原炼铁装置为埋弧电弧炉， 原料为呼吸壳， 生产电石。
所述埋弧电弧炉生产电石的装置如图 7所示， 包括炉体 2、 炉盖 3、 电极 1和配套的加热炉 5a、 5b、 蓄热器 6a、 6b、 气体处理装置 8， 炉体 2 的底部设有电石流出口 21。 气体处理装置可以使用也可以不使用， 所 述气体处理装置包括循环气体增压机、 气体冷却净化装置、 气体储罐等 装置； 加热炉与炉体 2 的连接可以是一点连接也可以是多点连接， 与炉 体的连接角度根据物料性质和炉况进行选择。
埋弧电弧炉生产电石的工艺步骤如下：
(1)制备呼吸壳： 呼吸壳的心部成型物为不包衣成型物如煤粉、焦粉、 兰炭、 石油焦等或含碳物质或上述的混合后， 滚球或压制成球团， 也可 做成其它形状的成型物， 成型物内部的含碳量可以相同也可以不同， 成 型物中允许加入其它物质如混合一定粒度的氧化钙或碳酸钙粉末， 使成 型物成分和强度更适合； 所述呼吸壳的外包壳是由类似石灰石、 白云石 等物质或它们的混合物， 也可以在其中掺入含碳物质如炭黑、 石墨等物 质或其它一些物质， 将这些物质与特定的粘合剂以一定方式混合或结合， 将心部成型物包裹其中， 包壳的方法可以是滚球包壳、 压球包壳， 还可 以是喷粉包壳或浸渍包壳， 允许并不一定采用在包壳中加入其它物质做 骨架等功能， 及允许并不一定采用在包壳上人工穿孔以加强透气性， 单 个孔的面积和其在包壳上的分布形态和数量由呼吸壳的性质和物质配比 决定， 允许包壳后进行适合温度的烘干过程。
(2)将呼吸壳置入埋弧电弧炉。
(3)利用生产电石的副产品电石炉气必要时可加入部分外来燃料加热 呼吸壳， 使其温度控制在 900~ 1200°C的某个合适温度煅烧生成氧化钙， 心部成型物被加热， 并在此温度之上将呼吸壳加热到 1200~ 1800Ό。
(4)当炉体中呼吸壳的外包壳石灰石分解完后， 用气体燃料加热到 1200~ 1800°C中合适的温度时， 启动电源， 利用电极埋弧加热， 使炉中物 料充分反应生成电石。
(5)电石从电石流出口 21流出， 经过流料槽进入电石冷却筒， 在这里 进行冷却和破碎。
如图 7、 图 2、 图 3所示， 加热炉 5a、 5b所用燃料也可以采用气体 燃料或液体燃料或固体燃料， 或者上述燃料的结合， 对装入炉体中的呼 吸壳原料进行加热煅烧。利用蓄热器 6a、 6b蓄热， 采用交替换向的方式， 含氧气体通过蓄热器 6b与燃料在加热炉 5b和熔炼炉内燃烧， 烟气和未 燃烧利用的析出气体等气体进入对面的加热炉 5a中， 选择合适流量的含 氧气体与析出气体中的可燃物混合并燃烧， 加热蓄热器 6a中的蓄热体 7 使其蓄热， 降温后的烟气通过旋风分离器 12， 布袋除尘器 13， 通过烟囱 15排出， 排出的烟气中只有很少部分的可燃气体， 并且具有较低的温度。 此后， 将含氧气体经蓄热器 6a进入加热炉 5a， 与燃料在加热炉中燃烧， 对熔炼炉的物料进行加热， 产生的烟气与析出气体一起进入加热炉 5b， 与合适流量的含氧气体混合并燃烧，加热蓄热器 6b的蓄热体 7使其蓄热， 被冷却的烟气进入旋风分离器 12， 布袋除尘器 13， 并从烟囱 15中排出， 排出的烟气中同样也只有很少部分的可燃气体成份， 并且排出烟气的温 度较低。 依次循环， 其进入加热炉中的含氧气体始终是高温气体， 提高 系统的热效率。 呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳或敞开壳物料中通过析出的富含 CO、 H2、 烃类等可燃气体， 提供几乎全部或相当大一部分加热所需热量， 使 熔炼炉中的物料加热到 300〜1800°C的某个或某组合适温度，并且呼吸壳 内的物料可以是固态、 液态或半熔融状态， 再使用电极进行电弧加热生 产电石，使电弧炉中的物料加热到 1800〜2300°C的某个或某组合适温度。 在电石生产过程中， 电弧炉中采用电极进行电弧加热或通入助燃空气或 含氧气体采用燃料加热， 可以各自单独进行也可以同时进行。 炉体 2 中 炉体高度与直径之比可以根据物料情况和炉况选择为细高型或矮粗型， 其具体高度和直径根据炉况、 物料性质、 生产量等因素决定。 炉体 2 周 边的蓄热器数量也可以选择一对或多对， 蓄热器中的蓄热体可以采用耐 高温的耐火球、 耐火砖、 蜂窝状或其它形状的耐火蓄热体耐火材料， 蓄 热体可以采用部分或全部采用合适的耐高温金属制品和耐高温非金属制 品， 如含碳物质等。 烟气或生产电石时反应生成的电石炉气也可经气体 处理装置 8 (如果有气体处理装置的情况） 净化后存储， 用于加热炉 5a、 5b对电弧炉生产电石装置中的呼吸壳进行煅烧的燃料。 电石从电石流出 口 21流出， 经过流料槽进入冷却筒 20， 在这里进行冷却和破碎。 冷却筒 20内的电石液可以掺入一定量的不影响电石性能的制孔剂以使冷却介质 或冷却风从中通过或也可以选择不加入， 大部分情况是在熔炼炉中刚刚 加入物料时， 通入惰性气体 （如氮气等） 或通入空气或其它含氧气体或 气体处理装置中的富含 CO、 H2、 CO2等组分的气体对电石进行合适的冷 却后， 使气体加热后通入熔炼炉中使用， 可用于进行热载体加热等方面 使用， 冷却筒 20加热气体也可以根据具体情况选择不用， 其中空气引入 管路未在图中画出。 而从管道中排出的烟气经净化除含硫等有害物质后， 富含 CO2、 N2的气体用于集约农业等方面使用。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种熔融还原炼铁的方法， 将原料置于熔融炼铁装置中， 加热还 原成金属铁， 原料中的各种铁的氧化物还原金属化率为 40〜95%后， 对 还原炉产品继续进行加热并熔化， 产生直接还原钢水或类似高炉生产的 高炉铁水， 其特征是： 所述原料为呼吸壳或半呼吸壳或敞开壳， 或者三 者的混合； 所述呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳及敞开壳定义如下：
(1)呼吸壳： 所述呼吸壳主要由心部成型物和外包壳组成：
①心部成型物又分三类： i 、 Fe2O3、 Fe3O4等铁的氧化物与煤粉、 焦粉等含碳物质混合后滚球或压制成球状或其它形状的成型物； ϋ、 将 i中球状或其它形状成型物加含碳物质包衣， 含碳物质中允许加入其他 物质， 包衣为滚球包衣、 压球包衣、 喷煤粉包衣或浸渍包衣； iii、 不含 铁的物质或少含铁的物质， 如含碳物质、 石灰、 石灰石等；
②外包壳： 由石灰石、 白云石、 石灰或电石等物质或它们的混合物 与粘合剂混合制成， 允许加入其它一些如金属、 金属氧化物、 含碳物质、 有机物及无机物的物质； 所述粘合剂为： 硅溶胶、 水玻璃、 磷酸或氧化 铝； 包壳的方法为滚球包壳、 压球包壳、 喷粉包壳或浸渍包壳， 包壳后 进行烘干过程或烧结；
(2)半呼吸壳： 所述半呼吸壳的结构和组成与呼吸壳相同， 只是在熔 炼炉中从低温向高温加热过程中， 呼吸壳外壳产生开裂、 点蚀等破坏， 心部成型物与此破坏相应的位置暴露在熔炼炉中的气氛中；
(3)敞开壳： 所述敞开壳为： ①与呼吸壳的主要结构和组成相同， 但 呼吸壳的外壳在从低温加热到高温时原有形状破坏； ②心部成型物与块 状熔剂氧化钙或碳酸钙或碳化钙、 煤块、 焦块等物质混合在熔炼炉内。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的熔融还原炼铁的方法， 其特征是： 所述呼 吸壳、 半呼吸壳及敞开壳在转炉、 电弧炉、 平炉、 等离子炉、 电阻炉、 感应加热炉、 埋弧电弧炉或熔融还原电弧炉中进行加热。 3、 根据权利要求 2所述的熔融还原炼铁的方法， 其特征是： 所述呼 吸壳、 半呼吸壳及敞开壳熔在炼炉中合适气氛下直接加热还原并熔化形 成直接还原钢水或类似高炉生产的铁水， 或在其它炉中加热至一定温度 时， 转入这些熔炼炉内进行熔炼。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的熔融还原炼铁的方法， 其特征是： 所述熔 炼炉中的气氛可以根据呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳及敞开壳的特性选择氧化性气 氛、 还原性气氛或弱氧化性气氛。
5、根据权利要求 1中所述的所述的电弧炉熔融炼铁的方法， 其特征 是： 所述呼吸壳被加热后外壳孔隙较少时加入低熔点物质， 以增大外壳 的孔隙率； 呼吸壳被加热后外壳空隙较多时在含碳酸钙物质中加入 SiO2/Al2O3等物质， 以减少高温下外壳的孔隙率。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的电弧炉熔融炼铁的方法， 其特征是： 所述 呼吸壳采用煤粉与氧化钙粉末为原料， 按比例混合制成心部成型物， 用 碳酸钙或氧化钙作外包壳， 用于制备碳化钙过程； 呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳和 敞开壳可用于其它金属的冶炼； 呼吸壳、 半呼吸壳和敞开壳也用于碳酸 钙、 碳酸镁的煅烧过程。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的电弧炉熔融炼铁的方法， 其特征是： 还原 炉产品继续进行加热并熔化过程中， 其中一部分或很少的 Si02等酸性物 质被还原出类似 Si的物质，一部分或大部分类似 Si02等酸性物质直接与 包壳中的 CaO等熔剂结合形成熔渣排出。
8、 根据权利要求 1〜7中任一项所述的电弧炉熔融炼铁的方法， 其 特征是： 所述还原产品加热熔化后， 向电弧炉、 转炉、 平炉、 埋弧电弧 炉、 等离子炉或感应炉内吹入氧气或惰性气体， 以便于除渣， 所述惰性 气体为氩气。
9、 一种实现权利 1所述的熔融还原炼铁方法的电弧炉装置， 所述电 弧炉包括炉体 （2) 、 炉盖 （3) 、 电极 （1) 、 加料装置、 出料装置、 至 少一对加热炉 （5a、 5b) 和至少一对蓄热器 （6a、 6b) ； 所述加热炉与 电弧炉炉体 （2) 连接； 所述蓄热器一端与加热炉连接， 另一端分别与排 放系统和鼓风机 （4) 和 /或气体处理装置 （8) 连接， 其特征是： 所述电 弧炉的底部设有气体入口 （16) ， 所述气体入口与气体管路 （10) 连接； 所述电弧炉装置还设有两台或两台以上熔渣冷却装置 （18) 和两台或两 台以上生铁或连铸坯或轧材冷却装置 （19) 。
10、 一种实现权利 1所述的熔融还原炼铁方法的埋弧电弧炉装置， 所述埋弧电弧炉装置包括炉体 （2) 、 炉盖 （3) 、 电极 （1) 和配套的加 热炉 （5a、 5b) 、 蓄热器 （6a、 6b) 、 气体处理装置 （8) ， 其特征是： 所述埋弧电弧炉底部设有气体入口（16)，所述气体入口与气体管路（10) 连接， 所述电极 （1) 直接插入到熔炼物料的下部； 所述埋弧电弧炉装置 还设有两台或两台以上熔渣冷却装置 （18) 和两台或两台以上生铁或连 铸坯或轧材冷却装置 （19) 。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的熔融还原炼铁的埋弧电弧炉装置， 其特 征是： 所述电弧炉炉体 （2) 的底部设有电石流出口 （21) ， 所述埋弧电 弧炉装置还设有两台或两台以上电石冷却筒 （20) 。
12、 一种实现权利 1所述的熔融还原炼铁方法的转炉装置， 所述转 炉装置包括有炉体 （2) 、 炉盖 （3) 、 电极 （1) 及外部加热设备， 其特 征是： 所述转炉盖上设有气体入口 （16) 和脱硫剂加料口 （11) ， 所述 气体入口与气体管路 （10) 连接； 所述转炉装置还设有两台或两台以上 熔渣冷却装置 （18) 和两台或两台以上生铁或连铸坯冷却装置 （19) 。
13、 一种实现权利 1所述的熔融还原炼铁方法的感应炉装置， 所述 感应炉装置包括炉体 （2) 、 炉盖 （3) 、 感应圈 （17) 及相配套的供电 设备和外部加热设备， 其特征是： 所述感应炉的炉盖 （3) 和 /或炉底部 设有气体入口 （16) ， 炉盖 （3) 上设有脱硫剂加料口 （11) ； 所述感应 炉装置还设有两台或两台以上熔渣冷却装置 （18) 和两台或两台以上生 铁或连铸坯冷却装置 （19) 。
PCT/CN2009/001134 2009-03-04 2009-10-12 熔融还原炼铁的方法和装置 WO2010099640A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2009341533A AU2009341533B2 (en) 2009-03-04 2009-10-12 Method and equipment of producing iron by smelting-reduction

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2009100738630A CN101649366B (zh) 2009-03-04 2009-03-04 熔融还原炼铁的电弧炉装置
CN200910073863.0 2009-03-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010099640A1 true WO2010099640A1 (zh) 2010-09-10

Family

ID=41671690

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2009/001134 WO2010099640A1 (zh) 2009-03-04 2009-10-12 熔融还原炼铁的方法和装置

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CN (1) CN101649366B (zh)
AU (1) AU2009341533B2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2010099640A1 (zh)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105135419A (zh) * 2015-08-31 2015-12-09 重庆丹霞节能科技有限公司 低硫煤粉气化洁净燃烧工艺
CN106931634A (zh) * 2017-03-28 2017-07-07 金川集团股份有限公司 一种用于烟气转化升温热循环的装置
US10921060B2 (en) 2017-02-10 2021-02-16 Abb Schweiz Ag Furnace assembly for a metal-making process

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101864505B (zh) * 2010-07-13 2011-09-28 贾会平 一种组合式熔融还原炼铁的方法和装置
CN102225765B (zh) * 2011-05-10 2014-01-01 云南邦特新材料有限公司 一种生产电石的精煤粉与石灰石粉混合球团
KR101676629B1 (ko) * 2014-12-24 2016-11-16 주식회사 포스코 성형탄 및 그 제조 방법
CN104726630A (zh) * 2015-03-25 2015-06-24 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 转炉用高碱度复合金属化球团及其生产工艺
CN109477152B (zh) * 2016-07-19 2021-04-02 夏忠仁 梯级焙熔还原炼铁方法及设备
CN106196038B (zh) * 2016-08-05 2019-05-10 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 带有助燃装置的燃煤气化炉
CN107911930A (zh) * 2017-09-25 2018-04-13 江苏河海新能源股份有限公司 等离子炼焦装置
CN109097520A (zh) * 2018-09-27 2018-12-28 江阴市茂昌铸造有限公司 一种提高钢铁冶炼中硫元素回收率的工艺
CN109946108A (zh) * 2019-03-19 2019-06-28 首钢集团有限公司 一种熔滴渣样收集装置
CN110004300B (zh) * 2019-05-15 2020-03-20 东北大学 以铝灰为原料等离子体射流送料制取硅铁合金的方法
CN110029227B (zh) * 2019-05-15 2020-01-07 东北大学 以废耐火材料为原料等离子体射流送料制取铝硅铁的方法
CN112195301B (zh) * 2020-09-07 2022-02-25 钢研晟华科技股份有限公司 一种直接还原-熔分系统及方法
CN112362524A (zh) * 2020-10-30 2021-02-12 山东莱钢永锋钢铁有限公司 一种粒钢样品出水率检验方法
CN113913622B (zh) * 2021-08-25 2023-05-26 山东莱锻机械股份有限公司 一种具有自引弧机构的连铸式电渣炉
CN114107592B (zh) * 2021-11-03 2022-12-16 钢铁研究总院 一种电-氢冶金极短流程制备高纯铁水的系统及方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1677073A1 (ru) * 1989-10-30 1991-09-15 Днепропетровский Металлургический Институт Способ производства железорудных окатышей
US5286277A (en) * 1992-05-26 1994-02-15 Zaptech Corporation Method for producing steel
CN1327072A (zh) * 2000-06-02 2001-12-19 株式会社神户制钢所 金属铁的制造方法及装置
CN101327928A (zh) * 2008-08-01 2008-12-24 北京化工大学 一种电石生产方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1059706C (zh) * 1996-09-28 2000-12-20 北京科技大学 含碳球团煤气循环还原熔分流程
CN1197981C (zh) * 2002-01-31 2005-04-20 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种用含铁废料冷固结球团冶炼铁水的方法
CN1219078C (zh) * 2002-03-12 2005-09-14 万天骥 煤基热风转底炉熔融还原炼铁法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1677073A1 (ru) * 1989-10-30 1991-09-15 Днепропетровский Металлургический Институт Способ производства железорудных окатышей
US5286277A (en) * 1992-05-26 1994-02-15 Zaptech Corporation Method for producing steel
CN1327072A (zh) * 2000-06-02 2001-12-19 株式会社神户制钢所 金属铁的制造方法及装置
CN101327928A (zh) * 2008-08-01 2008-12-24 北京化工大学 一种电石生产方法

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LUO XIAOCHUN ET AL.: "Investigation and making of W-type giant power electromagnetic induction furnace", ENERGY FOR METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY, vol. 24, no. 2, March 2005 (2005-03-01) *
WANG QINGCHUN ET AL.: "General Mechinery and Smelting Equipment of Metallurgy", METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY PUBLISHING HOUSE, February 2004 (2004-02-01) *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105135419A (zh) * 2015-08-31 2015-12-09 重庆丹霞节能科技有限公司 低硫煤粉气化洁净燃烧工艺
US10921060B2 (en) 2017-02-10 2021-02-16 Abb Schweiz Ag Furnace assembly for a metal-making process
US11543182B2 (en) 2017-02-10 2023-01-03 Abb Schweiz Ag Furnace assembly for a metal-making process
CN106931634A (zh) * 2017-03-28 2017-07-07 金川集团股份有限公司 一种用于烟气转化升温热循环的装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2009341533B2 (en) 2016-08-18
CN101649366B (zh) 2011-10-05
CN101649366A (zh) 2010-02-17
AU2009341533A1 (en) 2011-09-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2010099640A1 (zh) 熔融还原炼铁的方法和装置
EP2380995A1 (en) Smelting vessel, steel making plant and steel production method
CN101538629A (zh) 用粉铬矿冶炼铬铁合金及含铬铁水工艺及设备
CN104894322B (zh) 一种多层渣熔融还原炼铁的方法及其装置
JPS58133309A (ja) ツインリアクタ−製鉄方法および装置
CN101701312A (zh) 用铬矿粉和红土矿为原料冶炼不锈钢母液的方法
CN101445869A (zh) 用于转底炉的富氧燃烧直接还原生产金属化球团的方法
CN101956037A (zh) 间接加热式还原炼铁的方法和装置
CN107385235A (zh) 采用预还原预热窑和熔池熔炼炉冶炼镍铁的工艺及其装置
RU2344179C2 (ru) Способ непрерывной переработки содержащих оксиды железа материалов и агрегат для его осуществления
CN101665849A (zh) 一种铁矿石连续炼钢工艺
JPH11172312A (ja) 移動型炉床炉の操業方法および移動型炉床炉
CN105420515B (zh) 采用富氧强化熔池熔炼红土镍矿获得镍铁的工艺及其装置
CN101956038A (zh) 一种铁矿石熔融还原低碳炼铁和炼钢工艺方法及装置
CN107904398A (zh) 一种短流程炼铁装置及其无焦无硝节能环保短流程炼铁方法
CN101956035B (zh) 一种含铁物料渣浴熔融还原炼钢工艺方法及装置
US4414026A (en) Method for the production of ferrochromium
CN102127610B (zh) 一种铁矿石直接熔融还原炼铁设备及炼钢工艺
JP3189096B2 (ja) 液浴中での鋼製造方法と同方法を実施するための装置
CN114317873A (zh) 一种炼钢造渣工艺
RU2639396C1 (ru) Способ пирометаллургической переработки окисленной никелевой руды
JP3629740B2 (ja) 溶銑の製造方法
JP2661478B2 (ja) 筒型炉およびこれを用いる溶銑の製造方法
US4412862A (en) Method for the production of ferrochromium
JPH02200713A (ja) 溶銑の製造装置および製造方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 09840974

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2009341533

Country of ref document: AU

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2009341533

Country of ref document: AU

Date of ref document: 20091012

Kind code of ref document: A

32PN Ep: public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established

Free format text: NOTING OF LOSS OF RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 112(1) EPC (EPO FORM 1205A DATED 27-12-2011 )

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 09840974

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1