WO2010093025A1 - ろ過ユニットおよびこれを備えたバラスト水製造装置 - Google Patents
ろ過ユニットおよびこれを備えたバラスト水製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010093025A1 WO2010093025A1 PCT/JP2010/052104 JP2010052104W WO2010093025A1 WO 2010093025 A1 WO2010093025 A1 WO 2010093025A1 JP 2010052104 W JP2010052104 W JP 2010052104W WO 2010093025 A1 WO2010093025 A1 WO 2010093025A1
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- filtration unit
- raw water
- filter medium
- ballast
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B13/00—Conduits for emptying or ballasting; Self-bailing equipment; Scuppers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
- C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/04—Backflushing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/16—Use of chemical agents
- B01D2321/162—Use of acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/74—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with air
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/008—Originating from marine vessels, ships and boats, e.g. bilge water or ballast water
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for producing ballast water mounted on a ship such as a cargo ship.
- ballast water is discharged out of the ship when loading cargo at the port where it stops, but on ocean-going ships, aquatic organisms contained in the ballast water travel between countries and point out problems that affect ecosystems as alien species. Has been.
- ballast water discharge regulations have been undertaken. Specifically, it regulates the number of plankton (mainly zooplankton) and 10-50 ⁇ m plankton (mainly phytoplankton) and fungi (such as E. coli and enterococci) contained in ballast water. is there.
- Treatment methods to satisfy these regulations usually combine filtration, mechanical treatment such as cavitation that kills plankton by high-speed, high-pressure jet flow, and chemical treatment that uses chemicals, ozone, etc. (For example, Non-Patent Document 1).
- the pore size of the filter for filtration was about 50 ⁇ m, which is relatively large. This is because clogging is likely to occur when the hole diameter is small, and it is necessary to increase the filtration area of the filter in order to avoid this, so that the apparatus becomes large and disadvantageous for mounting the ship. Therefore, plankton having a size of 50 ⁇ m or less is treated by cavitation in which seawater is sprayed on the screen at high speed and high pressure to crush plankton, or by drug administration.
- a filtration unit is a filtration unit comprising a filter medium and a casing that accommodates the filter medium, and the casing supplies a raw water supply port that supplies raw water to the filter medium, and a filtration A water outlet, a fluid supply port for supplying a backwashing fluid to the filter medium, and a discharge port for discharging the fluid backwashed with the filter medium and the raw water, wherein the filter medium has a depth of 1 to 25 ⁇ m. It is a filter.
- a gas or a liquid is used, preferably a gas, and more preferably an inert gas such as air or nitrogen.
- the pore diameter is defined as follows. Particles having a certain diameter, preferably spherical polystyrene or glass beads added at 10000 particles / L in water, are added to a depth filter (outer diameter 60 mm, inner diameter 30 mm, length 250 mm) at 25 ° C. and 1.0 m 3 / hr. Obtained by dividing the difference in the number of particles present in the liquid before and after the water flow by the number of particles present in the liquid before the water flow. The collection rate (R%) obtained is measured for a plurality of particles, and the value of the diameter (S) of the particles at which R becomes 80 in the following approximate expression (1) is obtained based on the measured values. The hole diameter.
- a depth filter having a pore diameter of 1 to 25 ⁇ m is used for the filter medium, so that small plankton can be removed and the initial introduction cost can be reduced as compared with the case of using a surface filter.
- the filtration performance of the filter medium can be recovered and used, so the frequency of replacement of the filter medium can be reduced, and maintenance costs can be reduced.
- the fluid supply port and the filtered water outlet are the same. According to this configuration, the fluid supply port and the filtered water outlet can be shared, and the configuration can be simplified.
- the filter medium is formed by fixing both ends of a plurality of filters with a fixing plate. According to this configuration, by combining a plurality of depth filters, the filtration area is increased, and since the plurality of depth filters become one subunit by integration, the filter medium can be easily replaced.
- the filter medium may be arranged so as to be inclined obliquely downward at an inclination angle of 20 to 70 ° toward the filtered water outlet.
- the side opposite to the filtered water outlet in the filtration unit is high, for example, when filtering raw water after backwashing with gas, the gas in the housing is likely to escape from the opposite side, resulting in filtered water. The risk of air contamination is reduced.
- the tilt angle is too large, the vertical dimension of the filtration unit will increase, so a large space for extracting the filter medium is required above the filtration unit during maintenance such as removal, and if it is too small, the filtration unit The fluid inside is difficult to escape.
- the filter medium may be disposed so as to be inclined obliquely upward at an inclination angle of 20 to 70 degrees toward the filtrate outlet. According to this configuration, since the opening end of the depth filter located on the filtered water outlet side opens obliquely upward, air near the closed end of the lower depth filter escapes from the opening end. Air can be prevented from remaining in the interior, and the entire depth filter can be used for efficient filtration.
- the ballast water production apparatus is an apparatus that has the filtration unit according to the present invention and supplies the filtered water taken out from the filtration unit as ballast water to a ballast tank of a ship, wherein the filtration unit The fluid supply passage connected to the fluid supply port in the filter unit for supplying fluid for cleaning the filter medium and the fluid connected to the discharge port in the filtration unit for cleaning the filter medium together with the raw water in the filtration unit And a discharge passage for discharging to the outside.
- the ballast water production apparatus preferably further includes an ultraviolet irradiation unit that irradiates the filtered water filtered by the filtration unit with ultraviolet rays.
- an ultraviolet irradiation unit that irradiates the filtered water filtered by the filtration unit with ultraviolet rays.
- the filter medium is preferably a depth filter having a pore diameter of 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- large-scale plankton requires a large amount of ultraviolet energy to kill, and killing plankton requires a much larger amount of irradiation energy than killing bacteria. Therefore, removing planktons as much as possible before irradiating with ultraviolet rays is extremely important for downsizing the ultraviolet irradiation unit and reducing power consumption.
- almost all of the large plankton having a size of 50 ⁇ m or more can be removed, and most of the small plankton having a size of 10 ⁇ m or more can be removed.
- plankton but also suspended particles (SS component) having a size up to about 1 ⁇ m can be removed.
- SS component suspended particles having a size up to about 1 ⁇ m
- the turbidity in the raw water is greatly reduced, and the transparency is remarkably increased.
- the transmittance of the ultraviolet rays in the raw water is greatly improved, and the transmittance of the ultraviolet rays is improved, so that the amount of irradiated ultraviolet rays can be reduced. Reduction is achieved.
- the dirt adhering to the surface of the ultraviolet lamp is remarkably reduced, and the maintainability of the unit can be improved.
- the ballast water production apparatus preferably further includes a chemical treatment unit for introducing solid calcium hypochlorite into the filtered water filtered by the filtration unit.
- a chemical treatment unit for introducing solid calcium hypochlorite into the filtered water filtered by the filtration unit.
- chemicals such as chlorine and sodium hypochlorite are added to generate hypochlorous acid and treat plankton, not only a large amount of chemical is required to kill plankton, but also ballast water is used.
- a reducing agent such as sodium thiosulfate
- the depth of the depth filter is 1 to 25 ⁇ m, most of the plankton can be captured and discharged outside the ship, and a large amount of the plankton for processing the conventional plankton can be discharged. Since there is no need for drug administration, the amount of calcium hypochlorite used is small, and a neutralization step with a reducing agent when returning ballast water to seawater is also unnecessary. As a result, a small system with a low processing cost can be constructed.
- the chemical treatment unit puts a container containing solid calcium hypochlorite and a concentrated solution in which the solid calcium hypochlorite taken out from the container is dissolved into the filtered water.
- a unit for treating microorganisms with the generated hypochlorous acid is preferable.
- solid calcium hypochlorite unlike liquid drugs, transportation is easy and economical regardless of land and sea, and restrictions on transportation regulations are eased.
- calcium hypochlorite since calcium hypochlorite has a high melting point, it can be easily stored even in a ship that tends to be hot.
- the volume is small and the storage space is small.
- the apparatus itself can be miniaturized, which is advantageous when it is installed in a limited ship space.
- the chemical treatment unit dissolves the solid calcium hypochlorite in a part of the filtered water that is branched and taken out from the water supply passage for supplying the filtrate, and filters the water supply passage.
- a squeezing means for reducing the flow rate of filtered water in the water supply passage is provided between the branching point and the merging point. According to this configuration, the excess filtered water due to the reduced flow rate is supplied to the solid calcium hypochlorite from the branch point, so that a supply means such as a dedicated pump is not required, and the configuration is In addition to being simple, it can reduce power requirements.
- a small-capacity small injection pump may be provided, and a part of the filtrate water may be taken out from the water supply passage.
- the solid calcium hypochlorite is preferably stored in a sealed container. According to this structure, it is suppressed that the smell of chlorine leaks into the ship. In addition, when replacing the solid calcium hypochlorite, it is only necessary to replace the entire container, so that the calcium hypochlorite does not come into direct contact with people or the air in the ship.
- the method for producing filtered water according to the present invention is a method for producing filtered water by filtering raw water through a depth filter having a pore size of 1 to 25 ⁇ m, and supplying the raw water to the depth filter while supplying the depth filter from the filtered water side. And a backwashing process for discharging the fluid together with the raw water.
- the depth filter can collect the substance to be filtered in the entire thickness direction of the filter. There is no time clogging.
- the method for producing ballast water according to the present invention is a ballast water production method using the ballast water production apparatus of the present invention, and the supply of filtered water from the filter medium to the ballast tank and the supply of fluid to the filter medium are stopped.
- the raw water is supplied to the filtration unit in a state where the preparation process of discharging the fluid together with the raw water from the outlet through the filtration unit, and the discharge of the raw water from the filter medium and the fluid supply to the filter medium are stopped, While supplying the filtered water to the filtration medium and supplying the filtered water to the ballast tank, while supplying the raw water to the filter medium, the fluid is supplied from the filtered water side to the filter medium.
- a backwashing process for discharging the raw water from the discharge port to the outside of the ship through the discharge passage.
- plankton living in the sea can be returned to the outside of the ship without damaging as much as possible, and the processing cost can be reduced with a small size.
- raw water is always supplied to the filtration unit, it is possible to avoid sudden pressure fluctuations in the passage and to prevent occurrence of water hammer.
- the backwashing fluid can be smoothly drained without flowing back to the raw water supply side.
- ballast water manufacturing apparatus It is a driving
- FIG. 1 is a schematic system diagram of a ballast water production apparatus for a ship provided with a filtration unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the ballast water production apparatus 1 is installed in the ship S, and includes a ballast pump 2 that takes the raw water RW into the ship S and a filtration unit 4 that filters the raw water RW taken into the ship.
- the filtration unit 4 includes a raw water passage 5 to which the raw water RW is supplied by the ballast pump 2, a water supply passage 8 for supplying the filtrate FW from the filtration unit 4 to the ballast tank 6 installed in the ship S, and a filtration unit 4 is connected to a discharge passage 14 for discharging raw water RW together with compressed air A, which will be described later, to the outside of the ship, and a gas supply passage 12 for supplying the compressed air A to the filtration unit 4 is connected to the water supply passage 8.
- the filtration unit is replaced with the filtration unit 4 of the present invention, and the gas supply passage 12 is further connected to the existing water supply passage.
- the present invention can be easily applied to this ballast water production apparatus.
- the filtration unit 4 houses a depth filter 10 which is a filter medium forming a filtration membrane in a cylindrical housing 9.
- the ballast pump 2 is mounted on the ship, but may be provided outside the ship, for example, may be installed in a port.
- a mixer 26 is provided on the upstream side of the ballast tank 6 in the water supply passage 8, and the sterilizing chemical and filtered water FW introduced from the chemical tank 28 are agitated by the mixer 26.
- medical agent thrown in is hypochlorous acid and a peroxide, for example. Moreover, it may replace with the method of throwing in a chemical
- the gas supply passage 12 is connected to a third automatic opening / closing valve MV3 that acts as a compressed air introduction valve, and the drain passage 14 is connected to a fourth automatic opening / closing valve MV4 that acts as a drainage valve.
- One end of the gas supply passage 12 is connected to an air compressor (not shown), and the other end is connected to the secondary side below the filtration unit 4.
- the other end of the gas supply passage 12 may be connected to the vicinity of the filtration unit 4 in the water supply passage 8, more specifically, between the filtration unit 4 and the secondary pressure sensor P2.
- Driving of the ballast pump 2 and the first to fourth automatic opening / closing valves MV1 to MV4 is controlled by the controller 30.
- the outputs of the primary pressure sensor P1 and the secondary pressure sensor P2 are input to the controller 30.
- ⁇ An air compressor may be used that is mounted on the ship for another purpose, or a dedicated one may be installed.
- an air drive valve an electric valve, an electromagnetic valve, a manual valve that does not use a controller, or the like is used.
- the depth filter 10 has a hollow cylindrical shape with one end opened and the other end closed with a closing member 13, and the hollow end of the depth filter 10 is directed toward the filtered water outlet 16 with the opening end 10 a being one end thereof. 11 is communicated with the filtered water outlet 16.
- the depth filter 10 is also detachably housed in the housing 9 of the filtration unit 4 so that the open end 10a is below the closed end 10b which is the other end, that is, the filtration unit 4 is connected to the filtered water outlet. It is arrange
- the inclination angle ⁇ which is an angle formed by the center line C in the longitudinal direction of the depth filter 10 and the horizontal plane H, is preferably 20 to 70 °, more preferably 30 to 60 °.
- FIG. 2 which is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the filtration unit 4
- a filtered water outlet 16 is provided in the lower end wall 9 a of the inclined filtration unit 4 and the housing 9 of the filtration unit 4.
- a raw water supply port 18 is provided at a lower portion of the peripheral wall 9b near the one end wall 9a, and a discharge port 22 is provided above the raw water supply port 18 and at an upper portion of the peripheral wall 9b of the housing 9 near the other end wall 9c. .
- the raw water passage 5 is connected to the raw water supply port 18, the water supply passage 8 is connected to the filtered water outlet 16, and the drainage passage 14 is connected to the discharge port 22.
- the filtered water outlet 16 is connected to the gas supply passage 12, and the filtered water outlet 16 also serves as the gas supply port 24 of the compressed air A in the filtration unit 4, so that the gas supply port 24 is compressed. It is provided at a position lower than the discharge port 22 that is the outlet for the air A and the raw water RW. Thereby, the air lift effect by the pressure of the compressed air A is utilized, that is, the raw water RW in the drainage passage 14 is pushed up by the air and the raw water RW is drained, so that the raw water RW and the compressed air A can be discharged smoothly. it can.
- the raw water supply port 18 and the discharge port 22 are provided on the primary side of the depth filter 10, and the filtered water outlet 16 is provided on the secondary side.
- Depth filter 10 is an external pressure type cylindrical filter, and has a U-shaped longitudinal section.
- Examples of the depth filter 10 include what is called a laminated type in which synthetic fibers or chemical fibers are welded / formed in the form of a web, non-woven fabric, paper, woven fabric or the like and processed into a cylindrical shape.
- synthetic fiber polyolefin, polyester, heat-meltable polymer such as nylon or ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, or polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylonitrile can be used.
- polyolefin and polyester, specifically, polypropylene are preferable from the viewpoint of liquid drainage at the time of filter replacement.
- the filter preferably has a structure in which the fiber density and fineness are changed in the thickness direction, and the fiber density is low or the fineness is large on the outside (raw water inflow side) of the filter.
- the depth filter 10 includes a so-called thread wound filter in which filaments and spun yarns are spirally wound, and a so-called resin molded type that is a resin molded body such as a sponge.
- the pore size of the filtration membrane is 1 to 25 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ m. If the pore diameter is too small, clogging occurs and pressure loss increases. If the hole diameter is too large, small plankton will pass through, and in order to reduce this, additional means such as cavitation is required, which increases the cost of producing ballast water.
- the depth filter 10 can be backwashed in the filtration unit 4 and can be used without increasing the differential pressure during filtration by recovering the filtration performance by backwashing.
- the backwashing is performed by compressed air A supplied from a compressor (not shown) through the gas supply passage 12 (FIG. 1), and the supply pressure of the compressed air A from the gas supply port 24 is The pressure is 0.05 to 0.2 MPa higher than the indicated pressure of the primary pressure sensor P1.
- the fluid used for backwashing may be a gas other than air, such as nitrogen, or a liquid such as fresh water or filtered seawater.
- the operation method of the ballast water production apparatus includes an air venting process, a first switching process, a filtering process, a second switching process, a third switching process, and a backwashing process, which are preparatory processes for filtration.
- the ballast pump 2 When the ballast water production apparatus 1 is operated by operating a start button (not shown) installed in the controller 30, the ballast pump 2 is activated first, and the first automatic open / close valve MV1 and the fourth automatic open / close valve MV4 are opened. To enter the air venting process. In the air venting process, the second automatic open / close valve MV2 and the third automatic open / close valve MV3 are closed, and the supply of filtered water FW from the depth filter 10 to the ballast tank 6 and the supply of compressed air A to the depth filter 10 are stopped. In the state, the raw water RW flows through the discharge passage 14 through the filtration unit 4 and is discharged to the outside of the ship, whereby the raw water passage 5 and the filtration unit 4 are vented.
- the second automatic opening / closing valve MV2 is opened to enter the first switching step.
- the first switching step in a state where the supply of the compressed air A to the depth filter 10 is stopped, the raw water RW is supplied to the discharge passage 14 and the filtered water FW is supplied to the water supply passage 8 through the filtration unit 4.
- the fourth automatic opening / closing valve MV4 is closed and the filtration process is started.
- the raw water RW is supplied to the filtration unit 4 while the drainage from the depth filter 10 and the compressed air supply to the depth filter 10 are stopped, and the filtrate FW is sent to the water supply passage 8.
- the raw water RW passes through the filtration membrane of the depth filter 10 from the outside of the depth filter 10 and flows into the hollow portion 11, thereby removing foreign substances in the raw water RW and filtering.
- the filtered water FW is supplied to the ballast tank 6 through the water supply passage 8.
- the fourth automatic opening / closing valve MV4 is opened to enter the second switching step.
- the second switching step in a state where the supply of the compressed air A to the depth filter 10 is stopped, the raw water RW is supplied to the filtration unit 4 so that the filtered water FW flows through the water supply passage 8 and the raw water RW is discharged into the discharge passage 14. Shed.
- the second automatic opening / closing valve MV2 is closed and the third switching step is entered.
- the raw water RW is caused to flow through the discharge passage 14 in a state where supply of the filtered water FW from the depth filter 10 to the ballast tank 6 and supply of the compressed air A to the depth filter 10 are stopped.
- the supply of the filtrate FW from the depth filter 10 is stopped to prepare for the start of the supply of the compressed air A in the direction opposite to the flow direction of the filtrate FW in the next backwashing step.
- the third automatic opening / closing valve MV3 is opened and the back washing process is started.
- the compressed air A is supplied to the hollow portion 11 of the depth filter 10 while supplying the raw water RW to the filtration unit 4 while the supply of the filtered water FW to the ballast tank 6 is stopped.
- the air A is passed through the discharge passage 14 together with the raw water RW.
- the compressed air A passes through the depth filter 10 in the direction opposite to that of the filtration step, and the foreign matter adhering to the depth filter 10 and the foreign matter accumulated in the housing 9 are led out of the filtration unit 4, and the discharge passage 14 To the outside of the ship S.
- the time of a filtration process and a backwash process changes with the water quality of raw
- the ultraviolet irradiation unit 3 When the ultraviolet irradiation unit 3 is provided at this position, the fungi in the filtered water FW are reduced while being stored in the ballast tank 6, so that the ultraviolet irradiation is further suppressed and the power consumption of the ultraviolet irradiation unit 3 is reduced. be able to. Further, when the chemical processing unit 33 is provided at this position, liquid containing hypochlorous acid does not flow into the ballast tank 6, and corrosion of the ballast tank 6 can be suppressed. Therefore, such a thing is also included in the scope of the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
R=100/(1-m×exp{-a×log(S)}) (1)
ここで、m,aは、デプスフィルタの性状により決まる定数である。
例えば、粒子の直径が1μmの場合は、球形ポリスチレン微粒子(10000個/L)を添加した液を、デプスフィルタ(外径60mm、内径30mm、長さ250mm)に上記の条件で通水させることで測定が可能である。
表1は、原水温度が25℃のときの孔径0.5μm、1μmおよび25μmのデプスフィルタにおいて、原水を供給した際のデプスフィルタの一次側と二次側との圧力の差を示したもので、図4は、原水の供給流量と圧力損失の関係を示したグラフである。表1および図4から明らかなように、1μmおよび25μmのデプスフィルタにおいては圧力損失が小さいが、0.5μmのデプスフィルタにおいては圧力損失が極めて大きく、ほとんど原水が流れなくなった。したがって、デプスフィルタの孔径は1μm以上であることが好ましい。
表2は、孔径1μmと25μmのデプスフィルタのそれぞれにおいて、連続ろ過運転した場合と、ろ過運転・逆洗運転を交互に行った場合のデプスフィルタの状態(差圧の状況)を示したものである。ろ過・逆洗の交互運転は、ろ過運転と逆洗運転を5分毎に交互に繰り返した。連続ろ過運転をした場合、25μmのデプスフィルタでは約2時間で、1μmのデプスフィルタでは約40分間で差圧が上昇し、デプスフィルタが閉塞した。ろ過・逆洗の交互運転では、1μm、25μmのどちらのデプスフィルタにおいても、5時間連続運転後も差圧の上昇はなく、デプスフィルタの閉塞はなかった。
表3は、孔径1μm、10μm、25μmのデプスフィルタそれぞれにおける、原水およびろ過水1ml中に含まれるサイズ別の粒子の数(水中パーティクル数)と、除去率を示している。各データの分母が原水における水中パーティクル数、分子がろ過水における水中パーティクル数を表し、括弧内の数値は除去率を表している。孔径が25μmのデプスフィルタでは、粒子径が25μm以上の粒子の約96%、10μm以上の粒子の約88%が除去され、1μm以上の粒子でも60%以上が除去されている。さらに、孔径が1μmのデプスフィルタでは、粒子径が25μm以上の粒子の99%以上、10μm以上の粒子の約94%が除去され、1μm以上の粒子でも90%以上が除去されている。
表4は、デプスフィルタ10を通過後のろ過水に残留した菌および微生物を処分するのに必要な薬剤(次亜塩素酸)の濃度を示している。「なし」は、ろ過を行わない、すなわち生の海水であり、孔径50μmのデプスフィルタ10は、従来のバラスト水製造用に用いられているものである。表4からわかるように、孔径が30μmの場合は、従来の50μmのものと比べて効果が薄いが、25μmのデプスフィルタ10を使用すると、従来の50μmの3分の1程度の濃度で済み、1μmの場合では、8分の1以下の濃度で済む。したがって、デプスフィルタの孔径は25μm以下であることが好ましい。
本実施形態におけるデプスフィルタ10を用いて、検証実験を行った。使用したデプスフィルタは、長さ250mm、外径60mm、内径30mmの中空円柱状で、孔径は1μm(実施例1),3μm(実施例2),5μm(実施例3),10μm(実施例4),15μm(実施例5),25μm(実施例6),30μm(比較例1)とし、デプスフィルタ10の軸心を水平面に対して45°傾斜させて配置した。原水として、自然海水(水温26℃)を流量25L/分でろ過させた際の、濁度変化(原海水濁度は5.5NTU)を測定した。測定結果を表5に示す。孔径が大きくなるほど差圧は低下するが、孔径が25μmを超えると処理水の濁度が高くなり、実用的でない。
自然海水(水温26℃)を孔径3μmのデプスフィルタ(外径60mm、内径30mm、長さ250mmの中空円柱状)を用いて、流量25L/分で連続ろ過試験を行った。その際に、ろ過を連続で行った場合(比較例3)と、ろ過を3分間行う度にエア逆洗(エア圧100kPa、5秒間)させた場合(実施例7)とを比較した。結果を表8に示す。ろ過を連続で行った場合にはフィルタが閉塞して30分で差圧が急激に上昇し以降はほとんど海水が流れなくなったが、エア逆洗を行った場合には600分経過後も差圧は安定していた。
本実施形態におけるデプスフィルタ10を用いて、検証実験を行った。使用したデプスフィルタは、長さ250mm、外径60mm、内径30mmの中空円柱状で、孔径は1μm(実施例8),3μm(実施例9),10μm(実施例10),15μm(実施例11),25μm(実施例12)、30μm(比較例4),50μm(比較例5)とし、デプスフィルタの軸心を水平面に対して45°傾斜させて配置した。原水として、1Lあたり動物性プランクトン(最も小さい部分が50μm以上)を3.0×102個、また1ccあたり植物性プランクトンを(大きさ8~12μm)1.5×104個含む海水(水温25℃)を、流速25L/分でろ過し、ろ過水中に存在するプランクトン数を実測した。その結果を表9に示す。
4 ろ過ユニット
6 バラストタンク
8 送水通路
9 筐体
10 デプスフィルタ(ろ材)
12 気体供給通路
14 排出通路
16 ろ過水取出口
18 原水供給口
22 排出口
24 気体供給口
38 ろ材
A 圧縮空気
FW ろ過水
RW 原水
Claims (15)
- ろ材とそれを収容する筐体からなるろ過ユニットであって、
前記筐体が、前記ろ材に原水を供給する原水供給口と、ろ過水の取出口と、前記ろ材に逆洗用の流体を供給する流体供給口と、前記ろ材を逆洗した流体および前記原水を排出する排出口を有し、
前記ろ材が孔径1~25μmのデプスフィルタであるろ過ユニット。 - 請求項1において、前記流体供給口と前記ろ過水取出口とが同一であるろ過ユニット。
- 請求項1において、前記ろ材は複数のデプスフィルタの両端を固定板で固定して一体化したものであるろ過ユニット。
- 請求項1において、前記ろ材が前記ろ過水取出口に向かって斜め下方へ傾斜するように配置されており、この傾斜角が水平方向に対して20~70°であるろ過ユニット。
- 請求項1において、前記排出口が前記原水供給口よりも上方に設けられているろ過ユニット
- 請求項1において、前記ろ材が前記ろ過水取出口に向かって斜め上方へ傾斜するように配置されており、この傾斜角が水平方向に対して20~70°であるろ過ユニット。
- 請求項1に記載のろ過ユニットを有し、前記ろ過ユニットから取り出したろ過水をバラスト水として、船舶のバラストタンクへ供給する装置であって、
前記ろ過ユニットにおける流体供給口に接続され、ろ材を洗浄するための流体を供給する流体供給通路と、
前記ろ過ユニットにおける排出口に接続され、前記ろ材を洗浄した流体を、ろ過ユニット内の原水とともに船舶の外部へ排出する排出通路と、
を備えたバラスト水製造装置。 - 請求項7において、さらに、前記ろ過ユニットでろ過されたろ過水に紫外線を照射する紫外線照射ユニットを備えたバラスト水製造装置。
- 請求項8において、前記ろ材が孔径1~10μmのデプスフィルタであるバラスト水製造装置。
- 請求項7において、さらに、前記ろ過ユニットでろ過されたろ過水に固形次亜塩素酸カルシウムを投入する化学処理ユニットを備えたバラスト水製造装置。
- 請求項10において、前記化学処理ユニットが、固形次亜塩素酸カルシウムを収納した容器と、この容器から取り出された固形次亜塩素酸カルシウムを溶解させた濃縮液を前記ろ過水に投入して、発生する次亜塩素酸により微生物を処理するユニットであるバラスト水製造装置。
- 請求項10において、前記化学処理ユニットは、前記ろ過水を供給する送水通路から分岐して取り出したろ過水の一部に前記固形次亜塩素酸カルシウムを溶解させ、前記送水通路のろ過水に合流させるものであり、
前記分岐箇所と合流箇所との間に、前記送水通路のろ過水の流量を減少させる絞り手段が設けられているバラスト水製造装置。 - 請求項10において、前記固形次亜塩素酸カルシウムは密閉された容器に収納されているバラスト水製造装置。
- 原水を孔径1~25μmのデプスフィルタでろ過してろ過水を製造する方法であって、
前記デプスフィルタに原水を供給しながら、ろ過水側からデプスフィルタへ流体を供給し、この流体を前記原水とともに排出する逆洗工程を備えたろ過水製造方法。 - 請求項7に記載のバラスト水製造装置を用いたバラスト水製造方法であって、
前記ろ材からバラストタンクへのろ過水の供給およびろ材への流体の供給を停止した状態で、前記ろ過ユニットを経て前記排出口から流体を原水とともに排出する準備工程と、
ろ材からの原水の排出とろ材への流体供給とを停止した状態で、ろ過ユニットに原水を供給して、ろ過水を前記ろ過水取出口に送るろ過工程と、
バラストタンクへのろ過水の供給を停止した状態で、ろ材に原水を供給しながら、ろ過水側からろ材へ流体を供給し、この流体を前記原水とともに前記排出口から前記排出通路を経て船舶の外部へ排出する逆洗工程と、
を備えたバラスト水製造方法。
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