WO2010083834A2 - Élément de bâtiment - Google Patents

Élément de bâtiment Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010083834A2
WO2010083834A2 PCT/DK2010/000009 DK2010000009W WO2010083834A2 WO 2010083834 A2 WO2010083834 A2 WO 2010083834A2 DK 2010000009 W DK2010000009 W DK 2010000009W WO 2010083834 A2 WO2010083834 A2 WO 2010083834A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
building element
flow
building
heat transfer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK2010/000009
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2010083834A3 (fr
Inventor
Frands Wulff Voss
Klaus Olesen
Original Assignee
Danfoss Ventures A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Danfoss Ventures A/S filed Critical Danfoss Ventures A/S
Priority to CN2010800129614A priority Critical patent/CN102362127A/zh
Priority to BRPI1007201A priority patent/BRPI1007201A2/pt
Publication of WO2010083834A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010083834A2/fr
Publication of WO2010083834A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010083834A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
    • F24D3/14—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/24—Roofing elements with cavities, e.g. hollow tiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/003—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/25—Solar heat collectors using working fluids having two or more passages for the same working fluid layered in direction of solar-rays, e.g. having upper circulation channels connected with lower circulation channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • F24S10/502—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates having conduits formed by paired plates and internal partition means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/64—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of floor constructions, grounds or roads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/69—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of shingles or tiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S2080/03—Arrangements for heat transfer optimization
    • F24S2080/05—Flow guiding means; Inserts inside conduits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the heating or cooling of buildings, and in particular to the use of building elements in the construction which appear similar to traditional building elements but which comprise efficient means of transferring heat.
  • the present invention allows the manufacture of building elements which resemble in most respects those used traditionally, but which also contain efficient means of transferring heat and which can therefore be used to enhance the energy efficiency of a building.
  • buildings and other structures are often formed from standard elements.
  • Such elements might include bricks, planks or sheets for the construction of vertical structures such as walls; tiles, slates or corrugated galvanised mild steel for horizontal or near horizontal structures such as roofs and planks; and tiles, stone slabs or laminated boards for flooring.
  • the choice of material depends often upon the use to which the building or structure is to be put, the resources (both material and financial) available to the builder and the environment in which the building or structure is to be placed.
  • Modifications to transfer energy are often not made with elements which resemble traditional elements and therefore at best they remain visible when the modification is complete, or extra support structures, such as mounting brackets or piping, need to be added. Examples of such elements are roof top solar panels or room convector heaters attached to domestic central heating systems.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a building element which comprises a means for transferring heat between a surface and a circulating fluid and which also resembles a traditional building element in outward appearance and/or dimensions.
  • a building element formed with the same dimensions or appearance as a standard building element.
  • the term 'building element' in the present context means a component used as part of the construction of a building. This might be a segment of wall, or roof, or ceiling or any other part of the structure of a building.
  • the element may be load bearing or it may be attached to load bearing structures without taking any significant load itself.
  • 'formed with the same dimensions' should be understood in the present context that the element should be formed with dimensions close enough to those of prior art building elements so that direct replacement is possible during the construction process, or as part of a repair, maintenance or 'retrofit' procedure at a later date.
  • the element may be formed with the same external surface finish or colouring as prior art building elements. These characteristics mean that the inventive building element may be used as a replacement for traditional building elements in an unobtrusive and efficient manner, but enable greater functionality, that is, the transfer of heat to or from a fluid.
  • the building element of the current invention may comprise at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening and a means for guiding a fluid from the inlet opening to the outlet opening along an inner surface of a heat transfer area and thereby enabling the transfer of heat between the heat transfer area and the fluid.
  • heat transfer area should be understood as an area of the element which is preferably constructed of a material of high thermal conductivity and which is in close contact with the fluid circulating from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet.
  • the means for guiding the fluid may be a simple chamber within the element, although it can with advantage be formed so that it causes the liquid flow to change direction several times along the inner surface of the heat transfer area.
  • the fluid flow is divided into at least two flow cells, each flow cell having an inlet, in fluid connection with the inlet opening, and an outlet, in fluid connection with the outlet opening.
  • the inlets and outlets may be arranged so that separate portions of the fluid may pass from the inlet opening to the outlet opening through the flow cells in parallel, each portion passing through only one flow cell between the inlet opening and the outlet opening.
  • the building element of the current invention may with advantage comprise a housing formed from a single piece of material.
  • a housing is preferably constructed from a single piece of plastic, although metal or other suitable material could also be used.
  • Such an embodiment is suitable for forming in a monolithic manner (that is, out of a single piece of material), for example using injection moulding. In this way the cost of manufacturing is greatly reduced in comparison with other embodiments which are constructed from a larger number of separate parts.
  • Embodiments of the inventive building element are described herein which comprise an internal cavity with which the inlet opening and outlet opening are in fluid connection.
  • the means for guiding the fluid comprises a distributing element which divides the cavity into a top compartment, adjacent to the inner surface of the heat transfer areas, and a bottom compartment, adjacent to the inlet opening and the outlet opening. Passing through this distributing element are an inlet and outlet.
  • the distributing element also comprises a separating wall which divides the bottom compartment into an inlet chamber, in fluid connection with each and every one of the inlets, and an outlet chamber, in fluid connection with each and every one of the outlets.
  • the main flow channel of the fluid in a flow cell is formed by wall segments extending from a base to the inner surface of the heat transfer area and a meandering sequence of channel segments for guiding the main flow of fluid from the inlet to the outlet and, secondly, that a bypass flow channel is formed by gaps between the wall segments and the inner surface of the heat transfer area for allowing a bypass flow of fluid from the inlet to the outlet.
  • This bypass flow channel interconnects the channel segments of the main flow channel. It has been found that the short-circuiting effect of the bypass flow channel leads to a significantly increased interchange of heat between the fluid and the heat transfer area.
  • bypass flow increases the area where flow is occurring along the inner surface of the heat transfer area when compared with a flow channel where the wall continues to the inner side of the heat transfer area.
  • bypass flow enhances the rotation of the flow as it proceeds along the channel since the fluid flowing in the bypass flow will generally flow into the channel segments of the main flow channel at angles which are transverse to the direction of the main flow. This causes changes in the flow pattern of the fluid within the flow cells, notably an increase in a rotational component in the flow. Fluid which has been heated or cooled by passing closely along the heat transfer area will be effectively mixed with colder or warmer fluid which has not passed along the heat transfer area. This ensures that the full heat capacity of the fluid is put to use in the heat transfer process.
  • a heat transfer process can be made more efficient when the flow channels of the flow cells are each provided with at least one obstruction which defines an angle with respect to a flow direction of the flow channel.
  • This obstruction may be adapted to cause a flow of fluid being guided by said flow channel to perform a spiralling movement along the flow channel.
  • the thickness of the boundary layer increases along the flow direction of the fluid, and the combination of the increasing thickness of the boundary layer and the lower flow velocity causes the heat transfer, and thereby the heating or cooling efficiency of the system, to decrease, in some cases drastically.
  • the formation of a boundary layer can be prevented by causing the fluid flow to be turbulent. However, this has the consequence that the pressure drop across the device is significantly increased. This is a disadvantage since a higher pressure is required to maintain flow.
  • angled obstructions in the flow channel have been found to increase the rotation of the fluid as it passes along the flow channel. Such a movement maintains laminar flow whilst dispersing the boundary layer.
  • the building element of the current invention can be adapted to be connected to another similar building element.
  • the inlet opening can be adapted to be connected to another inlet opening and the outlet opening can be adapted to be connected to another outlet opening.
  • a common fluid inlet and a common fluid outlet are thereby formed when the building element is connected to another building element.
  • two or more building elements may be assembled to form an array of building elements, and fluid can readily be provided to each of the building elements of the array, regardless of the number of elements in the array, and without requiring any customization or additional parts in this regard.
  • the building element of the invention may in this fashion function as a 'building block' for a larger heat transfer area.
  • a building element When a specific heating or cooling need is present, a building element may then be assembled according to this need by simply choosing the number of building elements to meet the need. No special customisation is necessary to design a building element to meet a specific heating or cooling need and a very simple, yet flexible, system has thereby been provided.
  • a heat transfer system for installing within the fabric of a building which comprises a building element as described above and which further comprises a fluid circuit system through which the fluid flows and at least one further heat exchanger through which the fluid flows and which heat transfer system enables the transfer of heat from one portion of the building to another.
  • This second heat exchanger may be a building element of the current invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a building element according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross section of the element shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows an exploded view of a building element according to a second embodiment of the present invention in which the heat transfer area is constructed as a separate part.
  • Figure 4 shows an exploded view of a building element according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 shows an exploded view of a building element according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 shows a more detailed perspective view of the distributing element shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 shows a more detailed perspective view of the distributing element shown in Figure 5 viewed from beneath.
  • Figure 8 shows a cross sectional view of the distributing element shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7.
  • Figure 9 shows a perspective view of a distributing element according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 shows a top perspective view of a single flow cell of the distributing element of Figure 9.
  • Figure 11 shows a perspective view of a single flow cell of a distributing element according to a sixth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view of a distributing element according to a seventh embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 13 shows a perspective view of a detail of the distributing element of Figure 12.
  • Figure 14 shows a perspective view of the distributing element of Figure 12 seen from a reverse angle.
  • Figure 15 is a perspective view of a building element according to an eighth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 16 shows a perspective view of the same embodiment of a building element as shown in Figure 15, but here shown viewed from beneath.
  • Figure 17 shows a perspective view of a linked series of building elements as shown in Figures 15 and 16.
  • Figure 18A shows a perspective view of a building element according to a ninth embodiment of the invention viewed from above.
  • Figure 18B shows a perspective view of a building element according to a ninth embodiment of the invention viewed from below.
  • Figure 18C shows and assembled array of six building elements according to the ninth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 19 shows a perspective view of the channel system contained within the building element in the embodiment shown in Figure 18.
  • Figure 20 shows a perspective view of a tenth embodiment of the current invention.
  • Figure 21 shows a side view of the same embodiment as that shown in Figure 20.
  • Figure 22 shows a perspective view of the same embodiment as shown in Figures 20 and 21 , viewed from below.
  • Figure 23 shows a perspective view of four of the building elements of the embodiment shown in Figures 20-22 when assembled.
  • Figure 24 shows a perspective view of a modification of the embodiment shown in Figures 20-22.
  • Figure 25 shows a perspective view of the internal manifold channel arrangement of the tenth embodiment.
  • Figure 26 shows a plan view of the channel system of the tenth embodiment.
  • Figure 27 shows a perspective view of the manifold channel system and the flow cell channel system in an assembly of four building elements comprising the embodiment shown in Figures 20-22.
  • Figure 28 shows a perspective view of the manifold channel system and the flow cell channel system in an assembly of a 5 x 5 array of the building element comprising the embodiment shown in Figures 20-22.
  • Figure 29 shows a perspective view of the manifold channel system and the flow cell channel system in an assembly of a 6 x 6 array of the building element comprising the embodiment shown in Figures 20-22.
  • Figure 30 shows a perspective view of an eleventh embodiment of the current invention.
  • Figure 31 shows a perspective view of five examples of the embodiment shown in figure 30 have been assembled to form a section of floor.
  • Figure 32 shows a perspective view of a twelfth embodiment of the current invention, viewed from above.
  • Figure 33 shows a perspective view of the twelfth embodiment of the current invention, viewed from below.
  • Figure 34 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a heat transfer system installed in a building.
  • Figure 35 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a further development of the heat transfer system shown in Figure 34.
  • Figure 36 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment of a heat transfer system in a building.
  • Figure 37 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a further development of the embodiment shown in Figure 36.
  • Figure 38 shows a perspective view showing of a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Figure 1 shows a building element 1 according to the present invention.
  • the element 1 includes a heat transfer area 2 suitable for the transfer of heat and a housing 3 which forms the other sides of the element.
  • the housing is in turn formed from a base 7 (not visible in Figure 1) and four walls 8 (two of which are not visible in Figure 1).
  • Also shown in Figure 1 are an inlet opening 4 and an outlet opening 5 for fluid connection from a pipe system or the like.
  • a suitable fluid should be a fluid capable of absorbing and releasing energy.
  • Such fluids may be liquids including water, water-based mixtures, oil or one of the many commercially available refrigerants. Should a water-based mixture be used, it may with advantage contain anticorrosive agents, or antifreeze agents such as salts or glycol, should such mixtures enhance the usability of the mixture.
  • Gases may also be used, as can fluids in which are designed to undergo a phase change (such as from liquid to solid or from liquid to gas) as a means of enhancing the transfer of heat. Such multiphase methods are well known in the field of refrigeration.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the element 1 shown in Figure 1. It can clearly be seen that the inside of the element 1 is substantially hollow since it is occupied by a cavity 6 filled with the suitable fluid.
  • the housing 3 is shown here to include a base 7 and walls 8 and the element further comprises a heat transfer area 2.
  • the heat transfer area 2 can with advantage be constructed of a material or in a manner that enhances the transfer of heat. This might include the use of certain materials (such as metal) in its construction that have a high coefficient of thermal conduction.
  • the thickness of the area might with advantage be made as thin as is practical in order to enhance the transfer of heat. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2 the thickness of the heat transfer area 2 is substantially less than the thickness of the other walls 8 and the base 7.
  • inlet opening 4 and outlet opening 5 The positions of the inlet opening 4 and outlet opening 5 are shown and these openings allow the fluid to enter the cavity and to leave the cavity respectively.
  • the fluid enters the cavity 6 via the inlet opening 4 after which it circulates within the cavity 6, being warmed up or cooled down when in proximity to the heat transfer area 2, and thereafter leaves the cavity 6 via the outlet opening 5.
  • FIG. 3 shows and exploded view of a building element 1 which shows an embodiment of the present invention in which the heat transfer area 2 is constructed as a separate part.
  • the heat transfer area 2 is shown here as separate from the housing 3 for illustrative purposes.
  • the element 1 will be formed by the fixing of the heat transfer area 2 to the housing 3.
  • Such fixing may be made in a permanent manner such as by gluing or welding or soldering. It may be alternatively made in a semi-permanent manner allowing the two parts to be separated at a later time.
  • Such semi-permanent fixing may be an advantage to allow cleaning, unblocking or repair of the element 1 , or for the heat transfer area 2 to be replaced with one of different characteristics. Such characteristics may include appearance, colour, surface finish or roughness.
  • the means of semi-permanent fixation may include screws, bolts, clamps, clips or magnets.
  • FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention, we find a similar housing to that shown in Figures 1-3.
  • the element 1 consists of a housing 3 which forms a cavity 6.
  • the housing 3 has an inlet opening 4 and an outlet opening 5 for fluid connections from a pipe system or the like.
  • a distributing element 10 is shown in this exploded view above the housing 3. It should be understood that when the element 1 is assembled in its final form, the distributing element 10 fits inside the cavity 6.
  • the distributing element 10 is shown in more detail in Figures 6 and 7.
  • the distributing element 10 When the distributing element 10 is placed in the housing 3, it divides the cavity 6 into a top compartment and a bottom compartment.
  • the bottom compartment is formed between the base 7 and the distributing element 10, and is further divided into two chambers, as will be described later.
  • the inlet opening 4 and an outlet opening 5 make a direct fluid connection with this bottom compartment, and fluid communication between the bottom compartment and the top compartment will only occur through inlets 11 and outlets 12 in the distributing element 10.
  • the fluid is guided from the bottom compartment to the top compartment through the inlets 11 , directed by guiding walls 13 along the bottom side of the heat transfer area 2 as indicated by arrows on Figure 6, and guided from the top compartment to the bottom compartment through the outlets 12.
  • the guiding walls 13 allow the fluid passage at one end of the wall. Some of the walls however run all the way through the structure, like wall 14 and 15. These through-going walls divide the top compartment into flow cells, each with an inlet 11 and an outlet 12.
  • the inlet 11 and the outlet 12 are placed such that the outlet of one flow cell is next to an inlet of another flow cell. This has the effect that fluid about to leave one flow cell after transferring heat to or from the heat transfer area 2 is in close proximity to the fluid which has just entered the other flow cell and thus has not yet transferred heat to or from the heat transfer area 2. Thus the heat gradient along the heat transfer area 2 is hereby minimized.
  • Figure 7 shows a perspective view of the distributing element 10 from the bottom side.
  • the separating wall 17, running in a snake-like pattern along the bottom side, will bear on the base 7 of the housing 3, and forms a principally fluid-tight connection.
  • the bottom compartment of the distributing element 10 is hereby divided into an inlet compartment 18, and an outlet compartment 19, when the distributing element is placed in the bottom part. All the inlets 11 are in connection with the inlet compartment 18 and all the outlets 12 are in connection with the outlet compartment 19.
  • the flow cells of the top compartment, Figure 6, are thus all connected in parallel between the inlet opening 4 and the outlet opening 5.
  • each guiding wall section 13 ends at a small distance from the bottom surface of the heat transfer area 2, leaving a narrow gap through which a bypass flow 25 and 26 may pass from one channel segment 22, 23, 24 to the next.
  • the bypass flow proceeds generally at right angles to the main flow in the channel segments. Therefore the bypass flow is believed to enhance the rotation of the main flow as proceeds along the channel segments 22, 23, 24.
  • FIG 9 is a perspective view of a distributing element 10 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the distributing element 10 illustrated is suitable for replacing that shown in Figure 5.
  • the flow distributing element 10 comprises twenty flow cells 27, each comprising an inlet 11 and an outlet 12.
  • Each of the inlets 11 is in fluid communication with an inlet compartment 18 (not visible in Figure 9), and each of the outlets 12 is in fluid communication with an outlet compartment 19 (not visible in Figure 9).
  • Each flow cell 27 is provided with a number of obstructions 28 arranged in a herring bone pattern in a flow channel 29 defined by the flow cell 27. Fluid is guided along the flow channels 29 of the flow cells 27 during operation of the distributing element 10. Thereby the flow of fluid moves along a heat transfer area 2 (not shown in Figure 9) arranged in such a manner that it covers the flow cells 27.
  • Figure 10 is a top view of a single flow cell 27 of the distributing element 10 of Figure 9.
  • fluid enters the flow cell 27 via the inlet 11.
  • the fluid is then simultaneously guided along a first part 29a and second part 29b of the flow channel 29.
  • end parts 30, 31 of the flow cell 27 the flow of fluid is reversed and guided simultaneously along a third part 29c and a fourth part 29d of the flow channel 29.
  • Finally the fluid leaves the flow cell 27 via the outlet 12.
  • Every second obstruction 28 arranged in the flow channel 29 is attached to one of the side walls 15 of the flow cell 27, and the intermediate obstructions 28 are attached to a centre wall 13 arranged to separate the first part 29a of the flow channel 29 from the third part 19c of the flow channel 29 and the second part 29b of the flow channel 29 from the fourth part 29d of the flow channel 29.
  • the fluid is forced to move along the obstructions 28, and it must pass the obstructions via small gaps formed between the obstructions 28 and the wall 15, 13 which a given obstruction 28 is not attached to. This causes the fluid flow to be disturbed in such a manner that formation of a boundary layer is prevented, and in such a manner that the flow remains laminar, i.e. it does not become turbulent. Thereby the pressure drop across the distributing element 10 is maintained at a level corresponding to a laminar flow. Accordingly, an improved heat transfer is obtained without increasing the pressure drop across the distributing element 10.
  • FIG 11 is a perspective view of a flow cell 27 of a distributing element 10 according to a sixth embodiment of the invention.
  • This embodiment may be suitable for use as a flow cell embodiment for use in the distributing element illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, and hence in the housing illustrated in Figure 5.
  • the flow cell 27 defines a flow channel 29 having a meandering flow path.
  • the flow channel 29 is provided with obstructions 28 in the form of inclined ramps. Fluid enters the flow cell 27 from an inlet compartment 18 (not visible in Figure 11) via inlet 11 and is guided along the flow channel 29. Some of the fluid is guided along the inclined surfaces of the obstructions 28. This disturbs the flow in such a manner that formation of a boundary layer is prevented while the flow remains laminar.
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a distributing element 10 according to a seventh embodiment of the invention.
  • This embodiment may also be suitable for use as a flow cell embodiment for use in the distributing element 10 illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, and hence in the housing illustrated in Figure 5.
  • the distributing element 10 comprises twelve flow cells 27, each being provided with an inlet 11 , an outlet 12 and a flow channel 29.
  • the flow channel 29 is provided with a number of obstructions 28 in the form of prisms 28a and fins 28b.
  • obstructions 28a, 28b cause the flow pattern of a flow of fluid being guided along the flow channel 29 to be similar or identical to the flow pattern defined by an Archimedes screw. Accordingly, a flow of fluid entering a flow cell 27 via the inlet 11 and being guided along the flow channel 29 moves in the same manner as a flow of fluid in an Archimedes screw. Such a flow pattern prevents formation of a boundary layer, while maintaining a laminar flow. Accordingly, an improved heat transfer is obtained without increasing the pressure drop across the distributing element 10.
  • Figure 13 is a detail of the distributing element 10 of Figure 12, showing a single flow cell 27.
  • the prisms 28a and fins 28b formed in the flow channel 29 are clearly seen.
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view of the distributing element 10 of Figure 12 seen from a reverse angle.
  • a separating wall 17 arranged in a meandering manner is attached to the distributing element 10, thereby separating the distributing element 10 into an inlet compartment 18 and an outlet compartment 19.
  • a number of cell inlets 11 (not visible) are arranged in fluid communication with the inlet compartment 18.
  • a number of cell outlets 12 are arranged in fluid communication with the outlet compartment 19. Fluid is guided from the inlet compartment 18 to the outlet compartment 19 via the cell inlets 11 , flow cells formed on the opposite side of the distributing element 10 and the cell outlets 12, in the manner described above.
  • FIG 15 is a perspective view of a building element 1 according to an eighth embodiment of the invention.
  • the element 1 includes a heat transfer area 2 suitable for the transfer of heat and a housing 3 which forms the other sides of the element.
  • an inlet opening 4 and an outlet opening 5 for fluid connection to a system capable of transferring heat to or from the circulating fluid.
  • both the inlet opening 4 and the outlet opening 5 are equipped with a sealing means 30.
  • This is preferably a rubber 'O' ring, but could be a screw pipe fitting, a 'snap' fitting or any other pipe-connecting means well known in the art.
  • This embodiment is suitable for use as a section of roofing on a building and is formed in the size and shape of a roofing tile in the style commonly used in the region in which it is to be used.
  • a roofing tile in the style commonly used in the region in which it is to be used.
  • such an embodiment may be designed to look identical to pre-existing roof tiles that the building element is intended to replace.
  • This embodiment comprises a means for directing the fluid from the inlet opening 4 to the outlet opening 5 during which it transfers heat to or from the heat transfer area 2.
  • Such means of directing the fluid may comprise a distributing element (not visible in Figure 15) of one of the embodiments described herein.
  • the inlet opening 4 is in direct fluid communication with an inlet compartment (not visible) and the outlet opening is in direct fluid communication with an outlet compartment (not visible).
  • the embodiment of the invention shown here may be used to transport solar energy absorbed by the outer layers of the heat transfer area 2 away from the roof.
  • Such energy can be used to heat the building on which the roof is built, or other buildings.
  • such energy might be used to heat a swimming pool, or discharged without being used, since the primary aim of cooling the roof might be to prevent heating of the building and the use of air conditioning that such heating might result in.
  • FIG 15 can be fabricated from a plastic material, or metal, or from a number of materials such as glazed or unglazed clay which are routinely used for roof tiles.
  • Figure 16 we see a perspective view of the same embodiment of a building element 1 , but here shown viewed from beneath. From this angle the heat transfer area 2 is not visible, and neither is the inlet opening 4 nor the outlet opening 5. Two openings are visible however, and these are a secondary inlet opening 31 and a secondary outlet opening 32. The two secondary openings 31 , 32 are suitable for connection with the corresponding inlet and outlet openings 4, 5 to form a fluid-tight connection.
  • each inlet opening 4 will be inserted into the secondary inlet opening 31 of the adjacent building element and, similarly, each outlet opening 5 will be inserted into the secondary outlet opening 32 of the adjacent building element.
  • the inlet compartments of all the building elements 1 are brought into direct fluid connection with each other through the corresponding inlet openings 4 and secondary inlet openings 31 and the outlet compartments of all the building elements 1 are brought into direct fluid connection with each other through the corresponding outlet openings 5 and secondary outlet openings 32.
  • fluid may flow from the combined inlet compartments to the combined outlet compartments through all the separate building elements in parallel.
  • Figure 17 is a perspective view of a linked series of building elements 1 as shown in Figures 15 and 16. Angled adaptors 33, 34 have been inserted into the secondary inlet and outlets 31 , 32 (not visible in this figure) in order to facilitate the connection to the fluid supply and sink system. Further building elements 1 of the same embodiment may be added to the uppermost element shown here, and when mounted 'in situ' on a building, the topmost inlet opening 4 and outlet opening 5 would be blanked off.
  • Figures 18A and 18B are perspective views of a building element 1 according to a ninth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 18A shows the embodiment viewed from above, and Figure 18B shows the same embodiment when viewed from below.
  • This embodiment resembles the eighth embodiment described above, but is constructed to resemble a horizontal array of roofing elements such as tiles.
  • the element 1 includes a heat transfer area 2 suitable for the transfer of heat and a housing 3 which forms the other sides of the element.
  • Also shown in Figure 18A are an inlet opening 4 and an outlet opening 5 for fluid connection to a system capable of transferring heat to or from the circulating fluid.
  • Figure 18B shows the secondary inlet opening 31 and the secondary outlet opening 32.
  • the connections between elements 1 when assembled are similar to those described for the eighth embodiment above.
  • this embodiment is constructed from a metal top plate forming the heat transfer area 2 and may be coated with asphalt, stone chips, paint or other suitable material.
  • the fluid circulation system would preferably be constructed from a plastic material bonded in a permanent or impermanent manner to the top plate.
  • the top plate could be constructed from ceramic, plastic or any other suitable material.
  • Figure 18C shows and assembled array of six building elements 1 in the ninth embodiment described above.
  • FIG 19 is a perspective view of the channel system contained within the building element 1 in the embodiment shown in Figure 18 and described above.
  • This Figure shows the shape of the fluid-filled passages constructed within the element 1 , and is a means of illustrating the connections and flow routes for fluid in such passages.
  • the inlet opening 4 is in direct fluid communication with an inlet manifold 38 and the outlet opening 5 is in direct fluid communication with an outlet manifold 39. Fluid entering the element 1 via the inlet opening 4 will flow through the inlet manifold 38 and leave the element 1 via the outlet manifold 39 and finally the outlet opening 5.
  • Figure 20 is a perspective view of a tenth embodiment of the current invention.
  • This embodiment is suitable for a wide variety of different building structures. It may used, amongst other things, as the basis for a floor tile, a ceiling tile, a wall panel or a roofing tile.
  • the building element 1 shown in Figure 20 comprises a substantially flat heat transfer area 2 on the upper side. Two inlet openings 4 and two outlet openings 5 are shown and these may have similar connection means to the embodiment shown in Figures 15, 16 and 17.
  • the openings are placed in a shelf 36 which protrudes from two sides of the building element 1 , and are proportioned to that they do not protrude above the upper surface of the building element 1.
  • Figure 21 shows a side view of the same embodiment as that shown in Figure 20.
  • the openings (4, 5) protrude above the shelf 36.
  • the upper surface of the element 1 overhangs 35 the lower surface on the two sides on which there is no shelf 36.
  • Figure 22 shows a perspective view of the same embodiment as shown in Figures 20 and 21 , but this time the view is from below. Whilst the two outlet openings 5 are just visible, both inlet openings 4 are hidden from view. We can see, however, four other openings. These are two secondary inlet openings 31 and two secondary outlet openings 32. These secondary openings have the same function as those illustrated in Figures 15- 17, and will be described in further detail below.
  • Figure 23 is a perspective view of four of the building elements of the embodiment shown in Figures 20-22 when assembled. It can be seen that the overhang 35 corresponds to the shelf 36 when in an assembled configuration.
  • each inlet opening 4 will become inserted into a secondary inlet opening 31 and that each outlet opening 5 will become inserted into a secondary outlet opening 31.
  • the inlet openings 4 and outlet openings 5 may be with advantage furnished with a sealing means as described in connection with Figure 15. It can clearly be understood that when two building elements 1 are assembled in this manner, a fluid-tight seal is made between the respective inlet openings 4 and secondary inlet openings 31, and likewise between the respective outlet openings 5 and secondary outlet openings 32.
  • FIG 24 is a perspective view of a modification of the embodiment shown in Figures 20-22.
  • a layer of insulation material 37 has been attached to the base of the building element 1.
  • Such insulating material may be selected from a number of materials exhibiting low thermal conductivity and which are commonly used in the building trade to prevent the entry or loss of heat to a building, or to a specific room in a building. Examples of such materials are compressed mineral fibre, blocks of expanded polystyrene and Styropor®, manufactured by BASF.
  • Such a layer which would be preferably 100mm to 200mm thick, but may be thicker or thinner depending upon the application, serves to decrease the heat gained or lost from the back of the building element and thus enhances the effectiveness of the heat transfer brought about by the building element 1 itself.
  • the upper surface of the building element 1 in this embodiment may with advantage be coated with an appropriate finish for the use to which it is to be put. If it is to be used as a floor tile, then a vinyl layer, or carpet layer, may be attached, or indeed a terracotta, ceramic stone or glass layer can be attached by gluing, riveting screws or other appropriate fixing means. If used as a ceiling element then a surface coating of paint, paper or textile may be more appropriate.
  • Figure 25 is a perspective view of the internal manifold channel arrangement of the tenth embodiment illustrated in Figures 20-22. This channel system is not visible in Figures 20-22 since it is entirely contained within the structure of the building element 1. By observing Figure 25 it can be clearly seen that the channels form two distinct systems.
  • the two inlet openings 4 are seen to be clearly connected to each other and to the two secondary inlet openings 31 , and form an inlet manifold 38.
  • the two outlet openings 5 are connected by channels to the two secondary outlet openings 32 and form together an outlet manifold 39.
  • Figure 26 shows a plan view of the channel system of the tenth embodiment shown in Figures 20-22.
  • the same manifold channel system as in Figure 25 is clearly shown, with an inlet manifold 38 and an outlet manifold 39.
  • additional channels are shown which link the inlet manifold 38 and the outlet manifold 39.
  • These channels form three distinct flow cells 40, 41 , 42 in which the fluid flows from the inlet manifold 38 to the outlet manifold 39 in parallel, and via a meandering path, and along the inner surface of the heat transfer area 2 (not shown in this Figure).
  • FIG. 27 is a perspective view of the manifold channel system and the flow cell channel system in an assembly of four building elements 1 comprising the embodiment shown in Figures 20-22. This configuration corresponds directly to the assembly shown in Figure 23.
  • the inlet manifolds 38 are all connected together via the inlet openings 4 and the secondary inlet openings 31
  • all the outlet manifolds 39 are connected together via the outlet openings 5 and the secondary outlet openings 32.
  • all the openings 4, 5, 31 , 32 which are not connected to corresponding openings in adjacent building elements 1 are sealed of in a fluid tight manner by use of a blanking fixing or similar, except for two. These function as the main inlet 43 and the main outlet 44.
  • These openings are connected to the system which supplies and receives the fluid, and will be connected to other parts of the heat transfer system of the building.
  • the main inlet 43 is connected to all of the sections of the inlet manifold 38 and the outlet 44 is in turn connected to all of the sections of the outlet manifold 39.
  • This configuration means that all sections of the inlet manifold 38 receive fluid directly from the main inlet 43 without it having passed through any of the flow cells 41 4243 and, similarly, all sections of the outlet manifold 39 supply fluid directly to the main outlet 44 without it first passing through any of the flow cells 41 4243.
  • the building element 1 be used for cooling, the fluid supplied to the start of each flow cell is as cool as possible since it has not yet been in contact with the inner side of the heat transfer area 2. This produces an extremely efficient cooling effect.
  • Figure 28 is a perspective view of the manifold channel system and the flow cell channel system in an assembly of a 5 x 5 array of the building element 1 comprising the embodiment shown in Figures 20-22. This illustrates that an array of this embodiment may be extended in two dimensions and retain the above mentioned advantage of each individual flow cell being supplied in parallel from a single inlet manifold 38 and draining into a single outlet manifold 39.
  • Figure 29 is a perspective view of the manifold channel system and the flow cell channel system in an assembly of a 6 x 6 array of the building element 1 comprising the embodiment shown in Figures 20-22. This illustrates that the pattern of flow cells within each individual building element 1 may be varied in order to accommodate differing heat transfer requirements.
  • building elements 1 of a type comprising three flow cells 40, 41 , 42. These are designated 45.
  • Such elements may be used for example in a ceiling, where lighting fittings require access. Such elements may also be appropriate in a heated floor where certain areas do not require heating, for example where furniture, baths or lockers may be positioned.
  • the pattern of flow cells within a single building element 1 can be altered as required. The number of flow cells can be increased or decreased, and the distribution can be altered to ensure that the pattern of heating or cooling is appropriate to the application.
  • FIG. 30 we find a perspective view of an eleventh embodiment of the current invention.
  • a building element 1 is shown in an exploded view.
  • a heat transfer area 2 is found on the upper side of an elongated hollow housing 46.
  • This is preferably manufactured in a single piece, through an extrusion process or similar, or may be assembled from separate plates.
  • the housing is relatively short, but it can with advantage be made much longer.
  • the inside of the housing 46 is essentially hollow, a cavity 6 running from a first end to a second end at the opposite end of the elongated dimension.
  • the first end is closed by a first end cap 49 which comprises an inlet opening 4 and which further comprises a protrusion 51 which fits tightly into the open end of the cavity 6 and forms a fluid tight seal, and the second end is closed in a similar way by a second end cap 50 comprising an outlet opening 5, not visible in Figure 30.
  • FIG. 31 illustrates a use of the building element 1 , where five such elements 1 have been assembled to form a section of floor.
  • FIG 32 we find a perspective view of a twelfth embodiment of the current invention.
  • a building element 1 is shown in an exploded view.
  • a heat transfer area 2 is found on the upper side of an elongated hollow housing 46.
  • a distributing element 10 which is adapted to fit inside the cavity 6 is shown in this exploded view partly inserted into the cavity 6 in the housing 46. It should be understood that when the element 1 is assembled in its final form, the distributing element 10 fits fully inside the cavity 6.
  • the distributing element 10 is shown in more detail in Figure 33.
  • the distributing element 10 When the distributing element 10 is placed in the housing 46, it divides the cavity 6 into a top compartment and a bottom compartment.
  • the bottom compartment is formed between the base 7 and the distributing element 10, and is further divided into two chambers, as will be described in more detail later.
  • the inlet opening 4 and an outlet opening 5 make a direct fluid connection with this bottom compartment, and fluid communication between the bottom compartment and the top compartment will only occur through inlets 11 and outlets 12 in the distributing element 10.
  • the fluid is guided from the bottom compartment to the top compartment through the inlets 11 , directed by guiding walls 13 along the bottom side of the heat transfer area 2, and guided from the top compartment to the bottom compartment through the outlets 12.
  • Figure 33 shows a perspective view of the distributing element 10 from the bottom side.
  • the separating wall 17, running in a snake-like pattern along the bottom side, will bear on the base 7 of the housing 46, and forms a principally fluid-tight connection.
  • the bottom compartment of the distributing element 10 is hereby divided into an inlet compartment 18, and an outlet compartment 19, when the distributing element is placed in the housing 46. All the inlets 11 are in connection with the inlet compartment 18 and all the outlets 12 are in connection with the outlet compartment 19.
  • the flow cells of the top compartment are thus all connected in parallel between the inlet opening 4 and the outlet opening 5.
  • FIG 34 is a schematic diagram illustrating a heat transfer system installed in a building 51 which utilises a building element 1 comprising the current invention.
  • the building element is installed in the roof with the heat transfer area 2 facing outwards. This may, for example, be warmed by solar radiation and thus the fluid inside the building element 1 will be heated.
  • the building element 1 is in turn connected to a piping system 52 which leads fluid from the outlet opening 5 to a second heat exchange element 53 where the heat taken from solar radiation is used for the heating of a room 54 in the building 51.
  • the second heat exchange element 53 could, of course, be a building element of the current invention. Cooled fluid then returns to the inlet opening 4 of the building element 1 via the piping system 52 which is thus a closed system.
  • Flow through the piping system 52 may be enhanced by use of one or more pumps 55.
  • FIG 35 is a schematic diagram illustrating a further development of the heat transfer system shown in Figure 34.
  • the heat recovered from the roof is used to heat water 56 in a storage tank 57 using a heat exchanger 58 mounted in the tank.
  • the water thus heated may be used directly by a domestic hot water system (not illustrated) or heat removed from the water in the tank at a later time via a separate closed fluid circuit 59 comprising a heat exchanger 60 in the tank, a heat exchanger for room heating 61 and a fluid circulation pump 62.
  • the tank in this embodiment is thus used as a form of energy store.
  • FIG 36 is a schematic diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment of a heat transfer system in a building.
  • the heat removed from the roof using the building element 1 is transferred to the water of an outdoor swimming pool 63 using a heat exchanger 64.
  • the heat is therefore used to heat the swimming pool water.
  • FIG 37 is a schematic diagram illustrating a further development of the embodiment shown in Figure 36.
  • a separate closed fluid circuit extracts heat from the swimming pool water via a heat exchanger 65 and uses it to heat a room 54 in the building 51 via a heat exchanger 66.
  • a body of water (the swimming pool 63) is used as a heat store.
  • Figure 38 shows a perspective view showing a view of a housing 67 of a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a housing is preferably constructed from a single piece of plastic, although metal or other suitable material could also be used.
  • the opening of the housing 67 would be closed by a plate (not shown) forming a heat transfer area 2.
  • the inlet opening 4 leads into an inlet manifold 38 which in turn supplied fluid to each of the fifty flow cells 27 through the inlet 11 of each flow cell 27. Having passed through a flow cell 27, fluid leaves though the outlet 12 of the flow cell 27 and passes into the outlet manifold 39 and thence out of the housing via the outlet opening 5.
  • Such an embodiment is suitable for forming in a monolithic manner (that is, out of a single piece of material), for example using injection moulding. In this way the cost of manufacturing is greatly reduced in comparison with other embodiments which are constructed from a larger number of separate parts.
  • the building element 1 illustrated in the foregoing Figures and described above are examples of embodiments of the current invention in which a single transfer area 2 is utilised for the conduction of heat to or from the coolant fluid and from or to the surroundings of the building element.
  • the current invention is of course not restricted to utilising a single heat transfer area, but two or more areas could be used for the transfer of heat.
  • the top and bottom areas of the embodiment shown in Figure 30 could both be utilised as heat transfer areas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un élément de bâtiment (1) dont les dimensions ou l'apparence sont celles d'un élément de bâtiment standard. Ledit élément (1) comprend: au moins un orifice d'entrée (4); au moins un orifice de sortie (5) et un moyen de guidage d'un fluide entre l'orifice d'entrée (4) et l'orifice de sortie le long de la surface intérieure d'une zone (2) de transfert de chaleur, de manière à permettre un transfert de chaleur entre la zone (2) et le fluide. L'élément (1) permet de remplacer des éléments traditionnels de bâtiment par des éléments pouvant servir à chauffer ou refroidir des surfaces spécifiques de bâtiments, tout en permettant ou améliorant les transferts de chaleur à l'intérieur d'un bâtiment.
PCT/DK2010/000009 2009-01-21 2010-01-20 Élément de bâtiment WO2010083834A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2010800129614A CN102362127A (zh) 2009-01-21 2010-01-20 建筑元件
BRPI1007201A BRPI1007201A2 (pt) 2009-01-21 2010-01-20 elemento de construção

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DKPA200900095 2009-01-21
DKPA200900095 2009-01-21

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WO2010083834A2 true WO2010083834A2 (fr) 2010-07-29
WO2010083834A3 WO2010083834A3 (fr) 2011-09-29

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CN102363996A (zh) * 2011-10-20 2012-02-29 陈复生 全封闭式陶瓷中空瓦及其制造方法
WO2012083471A3 (fr) * 2010-12-23 2012-11-01 Glassx Ag Élément de façade
ES2390049A1 (es) * 2011-02-08 2012-11-06 Albert Puig Torrelles Sistema de climatización para estancias.
WO2012127451A3 (fr) * 2011-03-23 2013-11-07 Gutai Matyas Système d'énergie calorifique pouvant servir à chauffer ou à maintenir un équilibre thermique à l'intérieur de bâtiments ou de parties de bâtiments
CN105042668A (zh) * 2015-04-15 2015-11-11 沈赛勇 地暖装置
FR3033872A1 (fr) * 2015-03-17 2016-09-23 Christian Gabriel Ferrand Transformation et realisation de plages de piscine, de terrasses, de toits d'ombrage, de clotures, ou de tous planchers, en radiateurs solaires
WO2020078647A1 (fr) * 2018-10-15 2020-04-23 Danfoss Silicon Power Gmbh Répartiteur d'écoulement pour le refroidissement d'un composant électrique, module à semi-conducteurs comprenant un tel répartiteur d'écoulement et son procédé de fabrication
FR3102195A1 (fr) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-23 Air Booster dispositif modulaire de toiture aérothermique

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012083471A3 (fr) * 2010-12-23 2012-11-01 Glassx Ag Élément de façade
US9279603B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2016-03-08 Glassx Ag Facade element
ES2390049A1 (es) * 2011-02-08 2012-11-06 Albert Puig Torrelles Sistema de climatización para estancias.
WO2012127451A3 (fr) * 2011-03-23 2013-11-07 Gutai Matyas Système d'énergie calorifique pouvant servir à chauffer ou à maintenir un équilibre thermique à l'intérieur de bâtiments ou de parties de bâtiments
CN102363996A (zh) * 2011-10-20 2012-02-29 陈复生 全封闭式陶瓷中空瓦及其制造方法
FR3033872A1 (fr) * 2015-03-17 2016-09-23 Christian Gabriel Ferrand Transformation et realisation de plages de piscine, de terrasses, de toits d'ombrage, de clotures, ou de tous planchers, en radiateurs solaires
CN105042668A (zh) * 2015-04-15 2015-11-11 沈赛勇 地暖装置
CN105042668B (zh) * 2015-04-15 2018-02-16 沈赛勇 地暖装置
WO2020078647A1 (fr) * 2018-10-15 2020-04-23 Danfoss Silicon Power Gmbh Répartiteur d'écoulement pour le refroidissement d'un composant électrique, module à semi-conducteurs comprenant un tel répartiteur d'écoulement et son procédé de fabrication
FR3102195A1 (fr) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-23 Air Booster dispositif modulaire de toiture aérothermique

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BRPI1007201A2 (pt) 2016-02-23
WO2010083834A3 (fr) 2011-09-29
CN102362127A (zh) 2012-02-22

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