Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
  • A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
  • A23K50/48—Moist feed
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
  • A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A23K20/121—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen or sulfur as hetero atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
  • A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
  • A23K50/42—Dry feed
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
  • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

• An important indicator of animal health is the body composition of the animal.
• An unhealthy diet and/or an unhealthy lifestyle can result in the animal having an unhealthy proportion of body fat, particularly in relation to lean muscle in the body. It is thought that a body fat amount in excess of 30% by weight indicates that the animal is unhealthy, particularly if the amount of body fat is in excess of 35% by weight.
• the invention encompasses pet food compositions for companion animals, which have increased therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy over currently marketed companion food products.
• the inventors have developed food compositions and methods of using the compositions for treating or preventing disorders in animals.
• the invention encompasses companion pet food compositions meeting ordinary nutritional requirements of a pet and including an effective amount of pyruvic acid or a salt thereof, or effective amounts of lipoic acid or a salt thereof and pyruvic acid or a salt thereof.
• Another embodiment encompasses methods for maintaining or promoting a healthy body composition, for example, loss of weight or body fat, increased percentage of lean muscle mass in a companion animal, which includes feeding the animal a composition including pyruvic acid or a salt thereof, or lipoic acid or a salt thereof and pyruvic acid or a salt thereof in an amount effective to promote or maintain the healthy body composition.
• the invention generally encompasses compositions comprising pyruvic acid or a salt thereof, or lipoic acid or a salt thereof and pyruvic acid or a salt thereof.
• the pyruvic acid or a salt thereof is present in the composition in an amount of 5 ppm to 20000 ppm. [009] In certain embodiments, the pyruvic acid or a salt thereof is present in the composition in an amount of 10 ppm to 10000 ppm.
• the pyruvic acid or a salt thereof is present in the composition in an amount of 50 ppm to 5000 ppm.
• the pyruvic acid or a salt thereof is present in the composition in an amount of 100 ppm to 2500 ppm.
• the lipoic acid or a salt thereof is present in the composition in an amount of 5 ppm to 5000 ppm.
• the lipoic acid or a salt thereof is present in the composition in an amount of 10 ppm to 4000 ppm.
• the lipoic acid or a salt thereof is present in the composition in an amount of 50 ppm to 3000 ppm.
• the lipoic acid or a salt thereof is present in the composition in an amount of 100 ppm to 2000 ppm.
• the lipoic acid or a salt thereof is present in the composition in an amount of 500 ppm to 1000 ppm.
• the composition further comprises a protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, and combinations thereof.
• the composition is a dog food.
• the composition is a cat food.
• the composition is a food, a nutritional diet, a supplement, an animal treat, or a toy.
• the composition is in the form of a moist food.
• the composition is in the form of a dry food.
• the invention encompasses methods for managing weight in a companion animal, which comprises administering to the companion animal a composition comprising an effective amount of pyruvic acid or a salt thereof, or effective amounts of lipoic acid or a salt thereof and pyruvic acid or a salt thereof.
• the administration is oral feeding.
• Another embodiment of the invention encompasses methods for maintaining or promoting a healthy body composition in a companion animal, which includes feeding the animal a composition of the invention, which includes an effective amount of pyruvic acid or a salt thereof, or effective amounts of lipoic acid or a salt thereof and pyruvic acid or a salt thereof.
• the term "companion animal” used in the present invention includes any non-human animal suitable for being kept as a pet by humans including a dog, a cat, and a rodent. All embodiments of the invention are preferably for the treatment of cats and/or dogs.
• the term "dog” includes those dogs, which are companion animals such as Canis familiaris, working dogs and the like.
• the term dog is synonymous with the term canine.
• the term "cat” includes those cats, which are, companion animals known as domestic cats or house cats.
• rodent includes, but is not limited to, hamsters, mice, rats, guinea pigs, gerbils, rabbits, hedge hogs, ferrets, chinchillas etc.
• compositions for companion animals including pyruvic acid or a salt thereof, or lipoic acid or a salt thereof and pyruvic acid or a salt thereof.
• lipoic acid or a salt thereof includes, but is not limited to, for example, alpha-lipoic acid, a racemic mixture of lipoic acids, a lipoate salt, ester, amide or derivative thereof, for example as described in U.S. patent number 5,621,117.
• the lipoic acid can be administered in a composition comprising a wet or dry food composition, which may be in the form of a moist food, dry food, supplement or treat.
• the lipoic acid may be incorporated therein or on the surface of any food composition, such as, by spraying or precipitation thereon or may be added to the diet by way of snack, supplement, treat or in the liquid portion of the diet such as water or another fluid.
• the lipoic acid may be administered as a powder, solid or as a liquid including a gel.
• An important aspect is that the animal be provided an effective amount of the lipoic acid to provide a positive effect.
• the source of lipoic acid is present in the composition in an amount of up to an amount which remains non-toxic to the animal. Typical maximum quantities can vary from 10 to 5000 ppm. In certain embodiments, the range is from 100 ppm to 2500 ppm.
• the term "pyruvic acid or a salt thereof includes, but is not limited to, for example, pyruvic acid or carboxylate anion of pyruvic acid known as pyruvate.
• the pyruvic acid or a salt thereof can be administered in a composition comprising a wet or dry food composition, which may be in the form of a moist food, dry food, supplement or treat.
• a moist food, dry food, supplement or treat may be in the form of a moist food, dry food, supplement or treat.
• the pyruvic acid or a salt thereof may be incorporated therein or on the surface of any food composition, such as, by spraying or precipitation thereon or may be added to the diet by way of snack, supplement, treat or in the liquid portion of the diet such as water or another fluid.
• the pyruvic acid or a salt thereof may be administered as a powder, solid or as a liquid including a gel.
• An important aspect is that the animal be provided an effective amount of the pyruvic acid or a salt thereof to provide a positive effect.
• the source of pyruvic acid or a salt thereof is present in the composition in an amount of up to an amount, which remains non-toxic to the animal. Typical maximum quantities can vary from 10 to 10000 ppm. In certain embodiments, the range is from 100 ppm to 5000 ppm.
• the term "salt” or “salt thereof refers to acidic groups that may be present in compounds used in the present compositions. Lipoic acid and pyruvic acid are acidic in nature and are capable of forming base salts with various pharmacologically acceptable cations. Examples of such salts include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts and, particularly, calcium, magnesium, sodium, lithium, zinc, potassium, and iron salts.
• a food composition comprising lipoic acid provides a substantially nutritionally complete diet for the intended recipient animal.
• a "nutritionally complete diet” is a diet that includes sufficient nutrients for maintenance of normal health of a healthy animal on the diet.
• the quantity of lipoic acid can vary from 5 ppm to 5000 ppm, 10 ppm to 4000 ppm, 50 ppm to 3000 ppm, 100 ppm to 2000 ppm, 500 ppm to 1000 ppm.
• the range of lipoic acid that can be administered dogs is 150 ppm to 4500 ppm.
• the range of lipoic acid that can be administered cats is 65 ppm to 2600 ppm.
• quantities can vary from 5 ppm to an amount which remains non-toxic to the pet.
• a range is froml 00 ppm to 200 ppm.
• compositions of the invention include pyruvic acid or salt thereof in an amount effective to treat or prevent a disorder in a companion animal.
• the amount effective in the composition includes a source of pyruvic acid or salt thereof in an amount of from 5 ppm to 20000 ppm, 10 ppm to 10000 ppm, 50 ppm to 5000 ppm, 100 ppm to3000 ppm.
• the pyruvic acid or salt thereof is in an amount of 100 to 3000 ppm, and in other embodiments, the pyruvic acid or salt thereof is in an amount of approximately 2000 ppm.
• the combination of lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof is present at a concentration that is not deleterious to the intended animal's health.
• the lipoic acid or salt thereof is present at a concentration that does not cause undesirable or toxic effects.
• the invention is based upon the discovery that adding a combination of lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof to a composition for consumption by a companion animal provides treatment for obesity. Adding a combination of lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof to a composition for consumption also decreases body fat and increases lean muscle mass.
• the composition can be a liquid or a solid food.
• the lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof can be admixed with other components.
• the lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof may be coated on the composition, incorporated into the composition, or both.
• the lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof may be added to the animal's food.
• the lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof may be added to the animal's food by a compounder or manufacturer at a site or by an animal's caregiver prior to feeding the animal.
• the lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof may be added during the processing of an animal's food, such as during and/or after mixing of other components of the composition that is then packaged and made available to consumers. Such processing may include extrusion, canning, baking, and the like or any other method or process of producing pet foods that is known in the art.
• the lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof may be contributed by a natural source like an animal or plant component, or the lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof may be contributed by a synthetically derived source, or the lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof may be contributed by a mixture of natural and synthetic sources.
• compositions in addition to the lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof include at least one component suitable for consumption by a companion animal including, but not limited to, fats, carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, nutritional balancing agents such as vitamins, minerals, and trace elements, and mixtures thereof.
• a companion animal including, but not limited to, fats, carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, nutritional balancing agents such as vitamins, minerals, and trace elements, and mixtures thereof.
• nutritional balancing agents such as vitamins, minerals, and trace elements, and mixtures thereof.
• One of ordinary skill in the art can select the amount and type of food ingredients for a typical food based upon the dietary requirements of the animal, for example, the animal's species, age, size, weight, health, and function.
• the food ingredient part of the food composition can include up to about 100% of any particular food ingredient or can include a mixture of food ingredients in various proportions.
• the food composition includes a combination of food ingredients in amounts of about 0 wt. % to 50 wt. % fat, 0 wt. % to 75 wt. % carbohydrate, 0 wt. % to 95 wt. % protein, 0 wt. % to 40 wt. % dietary fiber, and 0 wt. % to 15 wt. % of one or more nutritional balancing agents.
• the fat and carbohydrate food ingredient is obtained from a variety of sources such as animal fat, fish oil, vegetable oil, meat, meat by-products, grains, other animal or plant sources, and mixtures thereof.
• sources such as animal fat, fish oil, vegetable oil, meat, meat by-products, grains, other animal or plant sources, and mixtures thereof.
• Grains include wheat, corn, barley, and rice.
• the protein food ingredient is obtained from a variety sources such as plants, animals, or both.
• Animal protein includes meat, meat by-products, dairy, and eggs. Meats include the flesh from poultry, fish, and animals such as cattle, swine, sheep, goats, and the like, meat by-products include lungs, kidneys, brain, livers, stomachs, and intestines.
• the protein food ingredient may also be free amino acids and/or peptides.
• the protein food ingredient includes meat, a meat by-product, dairy products, or eggs.
• the fiber food ingredient is obtained from a variety of sources such as vegetable fiber sources, for example, cellulose, beet pulp, peanut hulls, and soy fiber.
• the nutritional balancing agents are obtained from a variety of sources known to skilled artisans, for example, vitamin and mineral supplements and food ingredients. Vitamins and minerals can be included in amounts required to avoid deficiency and maintain health. These amounts are readily available in the art.
• the National Research Council (NRC) provides recommended amounts of such nutrients for farm animals. See, e.g., Nutrient Requirements of Swine (10th Rev. Ed., Nat'l Academy Press, Wash. D.C., 1998), Nutrient Requirements of Poultry (9th Rev.
• Vitamins generally useful as food additives include vitamin A, vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, vitamin D, biotin, vitamin K, folic acid, inositol, niacin, and pantothenic acid.
• Minerals and trace elements useful as food additives include calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, copper, zinc, chloride, iron, selenium, iodine, and iron.
• the food compositions may contain additional ingredients such as vitamins, minerals, fillers, palatability enhancers, binding agents, flavors, stabilizers, emulsifiers, sweeteners, colorants, buffers, salts, coatings, and the like known to skilled artisans.
• Stabilizers include substances that tend to increase the shelf life of the composition such as preservatives, synergists and sequestrants, packaging gases, stabilizers, emulsifiers, thickeners, gelling agents, and humectants.
• emulsifiers and/or thickening agents include gelatin, cellulose ethers, starch, starch esters, starch ethers, and modified starches.
• composition component food ingredient, and other ingredients will depend on a variety of factors such as the particular components and ingredients included in the composition; the species of animal; the animal's age, body weight, general health, sex, and diet; the animal's consumption rate; the type of disease or condition being treated; and the like. Therefore, the component and ingredient amounts may vary widely and may deviate from the preferred proportions described herein.
• composition may, for example, in addition to the lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof also include at least one of the following:
• compositions can contain additional ingredients intended to maintain or improve the health of the animal, for example, supplements, medications, herbs, holistic drugs and compositions, and the like.
• the composition of the invention may include one or more additional ingredients to prevent or treat one or more diseases or conditions.
• the component in the diet which accomplishes this, is an antioxidant or mixture thereof.
• An antioxidant is a material that quenches a free radical. Examples of such materials include foods such as Ginkgo Biloba, citrus pulp, grape pomace, tomato pomace, carrot and spinach, all preferably dried as well as various other materials such as beta-carotene, selenium, coenzyme QlO (ubiquinone), lutein, tocotrienols, soy isoflavones, S-adenosylmethionine, glutathione, taurine, N-acetylcysteine, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, alpha-lipoic acid, 1-carnitine and the like.
• Vitamin E can be administered as a tocopherol or a mixture of tocopherols and various derivatives thereof such as esters like vitamin E acetate, succinate, palmitate, and the like.
• the alpha form is preferable but beta, gamma and delta forms can be included.
• the d form is preferable but racemic mixtures are acceptable.
• the forms and derivatives will function in a Vitamin E like activity after ingestion by the pet.
• Vitamin C can be administered in this diet as ascorbic acid and its various derivatives thereof such as calcium phosphate salts, cholesteryl salt, 2-monophosphate, and the like which will function in a vitamin C like activity after ingesting by the pet. They can be in any form such as liquid, semisolid, solid and heat stable form.
• L-carnitine can be administered in the diet and various derivatives of carnitine such as the salts such as the hydrochloride, fumarate and succinates, as well as acetylated carnitine, and the like
• the quantities administered in the diet, all as wt % (dry matter basis) of the diet, are calculated as the active material, per se, that is measured as free material.
• the maximum amounts employed should not bring about toxicity.
• At least about 100 ppm or at least about 150 ppm of Vitamin E can be used.
• a preferred range of 500 to 1,000 ppm can be employed.
• a maximum of about 2000 ppm or about 1500 ppm is generally not exceeded.
• Vitamin C at least about 50 ppm is used, desirably at least about 75 ppm and more desirably at least about 100 ppm.
• a non-toxic maximum can be employed.
• the quantity of lipoic acid can vary from at least about 25, desirably at least about 50 ppm, more desirably about 100 ppm. Maximum quantities can vary from 100 ppm to 600 ppm or to an amount which remains non-toxic to the pet. A preferred range is from 100 ppm to 200 ppm.
• l-carnitine about 50 ppm, desirably about 200 ppm, more desirably about 300 ppm for canines are a useful minimum.
• slightly higher minimums of l-carnitine can be employed such as about 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 500 ppm.
• a non-toxic maximum quantity can be employed, for example, less than about 5,000 ppm.
• lower quantities can be employed, for example, less than about 5,000 ppm.
• a preferred range is 200 ppm to 400 ppm.
• a preferred range is 400 ppm to 600 ppm.
• Beta-carotene at 1-15 ppm can be employed.
• Selenium at 0.1 up to 5 ppm can be employed.
• Lutein at least about 5 ppm can be employed.
• Tocotrienols at least about 25 ppm can be employed.
• Coenzyme QlO at least about 25 ppm can be employed.
• S-adenosylmethionine at least about 50 ppm can be employed.
• Taurine at least about 1000 ppm can be employed.
• Soy isoflavones at least about 25 ppm can be used.
• N-acetylcysteine at least about 50 ppm can be used.
• Glutathione at least about 50 ppm can be used.
• Gingko Biloba at least 50 ppm of extract can be used.
• the compositions further include an effective amount of at least one substance selected from the group consisting of glucosamine, chondroitin, chondroitin sulfate, methyl sulfonylmethane ("MSM”), creatine, antioxidants, Perna canaliculata, omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids and mixtures thereof.
• the composition can be a treat. Treats include compositions that are given to an animal to entice the animal to eat during a non-meal time, for example, dog bones for canines. Treats may be nutritional wherein the composition includes one or more nutrients or and may have a food-like composition.
• Non-nutritional treats encompass any other treats that are non-toxic.
• the composition or components are coated onto the treat, incorporated into the treat, or both.
• Treats of the invention can be prepared by an extrusion or baking process similar to those used for dry food. Other processes also may be used to either coat the composition on the exterior of existing treat forms or inject the composition into an existing treat form.
• the composition can be a toy.
• Toys include chewable toys such as artificial bones.
• the lipoic acid or a salt thereof can form a coating on the surface of the toy or on the surface of a component of the toy, be incorporated partially or fully throughout the toy, or both.
• the lipoic acid or a salt thereof is orally accessible by the intended user.
• suitable toys currently marketed, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,339,771, U.S. Pat. No. 5,419,283, and references disclosed therein.
• This invention provides both partially consumable toys, for example, toys including plastic components, and fully consumable toys, for example, rawhides and various artificial bones.
• the invention preferably provides toys for use by a dog or a cat.
• compositions of the invention may be prepared in a canned or wet form using conventional food preparation processes known to skilled artisans.
• ground animal proteinaceous tissues are mixed with the other ingredients such as fish oils, cereal grains, balancing ingredients, special purpose additives (e.g., vitamin and mineral mixtures, inorganic salts, cellulose and beet pulp, bulking agents, and the like), the lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof, and water in amounts sufficient for processing.
• These ingredients are mixed in a vessel suitable for heating while blending the components. Heating of the mixture is effected using any suitable manner, for example, direct steam injection or using a vessel fitted with a heat exchanger.
• the mixture is heated to a temperature of about 50 °F to about 212 °F. Temperatures outside this range are acceptable but may be commercially impractical without use of other processing aids.
• the material When heated to the appropriate temperature, the material will typically be in the form of a thick liquid. The thick liquid is filled into cans. A lid is applied, and the container is hermetically sealed. The sealed can is then placed into conventional equipment designed to sterilize the contents. Sterilization is usually accomplished by heating to temperatures of greater than about 230 0 F for an appropriate time depending on the temperature used, the composition, and similar factors.
• the compositions of the present invention can be added to the food compositions before, during, or after preparation.
• Food compositions may be prepared in a dry form using conventional processes known to skilled artisans. Typically, dry ingredients such as animal protein, plant protein, grains, and the lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof are ground and mixed together. Moist or liquid ingredients, including fats, oils, animal protein, water, and the like are then added to and mixed with the dry mix. The mixture is then processed into kibbles or similar dry pieces. Kibble is often formed using an extrusion process in which the mixture of dry and wet ingredients is subjected to mechanical work at a high pressure and temperature and forced through small openings and cut off into kibble by a rotating knife.
• Kibble also can be made from the dough using a baking process, rather than extrusion, wherein the dough is placed into a mold before dry-heat processing.
• the food compositions can be in the form of a treat using an extrusion or baking process similar to those described above for dry food or a toy such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,339,771 and 5,419,283.
• the lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof can be added to the food compositions before, during, or after preparation.
• the invention also encompasses methods of treating or preventing certain disorders by administering a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a composition including pyruvic acid or a salt thereof, or lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof to a companion animal in need thereof.
• Another embodiment of the invention encompasses methods of treating or preventing an unhealthy body composition in a companion animal.
• the method of treating or preventing an unhealthy body composition in a companion animal includes feeding the animal a composition including the pyruvic acid or salt thereof, or lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof in an amount effective to treat or prevent the unhealthy body composition.
• the invention also encompasses the use of a composition including the pyruvic acid or salt thereof, or lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of an unhealthy body composition in a companion animal.
• an animal that is suffering from an unhealthy body composition is fed the composition of the invention for a period until the animal reaches the desired body composition.
• the period is preferably at least 4 weeks, more preferably at least 6 weeks, and most preferably at least 8 weeks. This period depends on the animal's original body composition and the desired optimal body composition trying to be achieved.
• an animal that is suffering from an unhealthy body composition has a body fat amount in excess of 30% by weight indicates that the animal generally is unhealthy, particularly if that amount of body fat is in excess of 35% by weight.
• a useful measure of healthy body composition is given by the body fat:lean muscle ratio.
• an unhealthy body composition includes a body fat:lean muscle weight ratio greater than 30:60.
• the body fat amount is 30% by weight, there is 68% by weight of muscle and the remaining 2% is bone.
• a good, healthy body composition includes a body fatlean muscle weight ratio of around 20:78, indicating 20% fat and 78% lean muscle by weight. These values can be determined using DEXA (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry). Cats fed a food containing the pyruvic acid or salt thereof, or lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof lost significantly more weight, body fat, and increased percentage lean and percent bone mineral content compared to a similar control food.
• This data suggests pyruvic acid or salt thereof, or lipoic acid or salt thereof and pyruvic acid or salt thereof has the unique ability to increase fat loss and improve body composition in ad libitum fed dogs and cats.
• the present invention provides a means for communicating information about or instructions for treating or preventing an unhealthy body composition in a companion animal.
• the communicating means includes a document, digital storage media, optical storage media, audio presentation, or visual display containing the information or instructions.
• the communication is a displayed web site or a brochure, product label, package insert, advertisement, or visual display containing such information or instructions.
• Useful information includes one or more of (1) methods and techniques for administering the compositions and using the methods of he present invention, (2) details about the side effects, if any, caused by using the present invention, alone or in combination with other drugs, and (3) contact information for patients to use if they have a question about the invention and its use.
• Useful instructions include dosages, administration amounts and frequency, and administration routes.
• the communication means is useful for instructing on the benefits of using the present invention and communicating the approved methods for using the invention.
• Table 2 illustrates four Pet Food Compositions used in the weight loss study.
• Formula 1 is a control that does not contain lipoic acid or pyruvate.
• Formula 2 is a Control plus calcium pyruvate.
• Formula 3 is a Control plus lipoic acid.
• Formula 4 is a Control plus lipoic acid and calcium pyruvate.
• Table 3 illustrates the nutrient values of each of the pet food compositions used in the study.
• Table 4 illustrates predicted time to reach 20% body fat for dogs fed each of the pet food compositions.
• Table 5 illustrates that illustrative pet food composition including lipoic acid and calcium pyruvate resulted in reduced lean body mass in dogs fed the illustrative pet food composition over a four month period.
• Table 6 illustrates that illustrative pet food composition including lipoic acid and calcium pyruvate resulted in reduced percent body fat in dogs fed the illustrative pet food composition over a four month period.
• Table 7 illustrates that illustrative pet food composition including lipoic acid and calcium pyruvate resulted in reduced total body fat in dogs fed the illustrative pet food composition over a four month period.
• Table 8 illustrates that an illustrative pet food composition including lipoic acid and calcium pyruvate resulted in reduced total body weight in dogs fed the illustrative pet food composition over a four month period.
• Table 8 Total Body Weight (grams)
• Table 9 illustrates that an illustrative pet food composition including lipoic acid and calcium pyruvate resulted in reduced serum alanine aminotransferase levels in dogs fed the illustrative pet food composition over a four month period.
• Table 10 illustrates that an illustrative pet food composition including lipoic acid and calcium pyruvate resulted in reduced serum alkaline phosphatase levels in dogs fed the illustrative pet food composition over a four month period.
• Table 10 Serum Alkaline Phosphatase
• Table 11 illustrates that an illustrative pet food composition including lipoic acid and calcium pyruvate resulted in reduced serum cholesterol levels in dogs fed the illustrative pet food composition over a four month period.
• Table 12 illustrates that illustrative pet food composition including lipoic acid and calcium pyruvate resulted in reduced serum creatinine levels in dogs fed the illustrative pet food composition over a four month period.
• Table 13 illustrates that illustrative pet food composition including lipoic acid and calcium pyruvate resulted in reduced serum triglyceride levels in dogs fed the illustrative pet food composition over a four month period.
• Table 14 illustrates that illustrative pet food composition including lipoic acid and calcium pyruvate resulted in reduced serum urea nitrogen levels in dogs fed the illustrative pet food composition over a four month period.

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• 2010
  • 2010-01-15 WO PCT/US2010/021189 patent/WO2010083409A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2010-01-15 BR BRPI1007054-0A patent/BRPI1007054A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2010-01-15 EP EP10701281A patent/EP2387326A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-01-15 CA CA2749005A patent/CA2749005C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-01-15 AU AU2010204614A patent/AU2010204614B2/en active Active
  • 2010-01-15 RU RU2011134287/13A patent/RU2485795C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2010-01-15 CN CN2010800048621A patent/CN102281768A/zh active Pending
  • 2010-01-15 JP JP2011546386A patent/JP2012515002A/ja not_active Ceased
  • 2010-01-15 US US13/145,050 patent/US9596872B2/en active Active
• 2011
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